FIELD OF THE INVENTION
-
The invention relates to a heat exchanger. In particular, the invention relates to the heat exchanger for a motor vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
-
Evaporators look like, and in fact are, similar to radiators, only thicker and smaller in overall size. Like radiators, evaporators consist of a series of internal tubes or flow paths with fins attached to them. Air can pass freely through the fins, just like in the radiator. But unlike the radiator, where the internal tubes carry moving engine coolant, the passages in the evaporator carry moving refrigerant.
-
In an automotive air conditioning system (further referred to as A/C system), cold, low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator. Warm air from the interior of the vehicle passes through the evaporator by action of the blower fan. Since it's a fact of nature that heat always travels from a warmer area to a cooler area, the cooler refrigerant flowing inside the evaporator's absorbs heat from the warm air. At the same time, humidity in the air condenses on the cool evaporator's surface, then eventually drips out of a drain tube to the outside. After the initially warmed refrigerant has completed its path through the evaporator, it moves on to the compressor.
-
In order to improve the heat exchange between the media, so-called fins are implemented in-between the tubes of the radiator or evaporator. The fins are interlaced to form a sandwich with adjacent tubes. The fins allow to increase the heat exchange area while still allowing the air to flow in-between the tubes. However, the fins usually extend beyond the tubes, so that the overall size delimited by sub-components of the heat exchanger is increased. Using smaller fins is not always possible because they would require special tools to implement them in-between the tubes without damaging either of them. This applies to heat exchangers like radiators, condensers or evaporators.
-
In evaporators, during the heat exchange process the ambient air may condensate. The water condensed during evaporation is hot and may contain a small amount of the debris. This 'carry over' in the vapour is due to air impurities creating a mist of tiny particles which can be carried over into the condensate along with the water. For this reason the evaporator condensate, although relatively pure can contain enough organic material to support bacterial growth when cool. This makes the condensate unacceptable for re-use in any environment. The condensate accumulated on the surface of the evaporator may create the environment which may be harmful for the passengers. It may also lead to decreased service life of the whole heat exchanger due to deterioration or corrosion of different sub- components.
-
Thus, it is desirable to provide an efficient way to evacuate condensate form the surface of the heat exchanger being configured as the evaporator.
-
It is also desirable to improve the packaging in front of the heat exchangers such as radiators, condensers or evaporators, without changing the original fin design.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
-
The object of the invention is, among others, a heat exchanger for heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid comprising: a first header- tank assembly and a second header- tank assembly; plurality of tubes, wherein each tube comprises an axis of elongation being substantially perpendicular to intended first fluid flow path, a first lateral wall and a second lateral wall arranged downstream to the first lateral wall with respect to intended first fluid flow path, wherein the tubes are arranged in at least a first stack, and at least one fin interlaced between two adjacent tubes of the first stack, wherein the fin further comprises a first terminal end and a second terminal end arranged downstream to the first terminal end with respect to intended first fluid flow path, wherein the fin is placed so that the first terminal end is lined up with first lateral wall of the first stack.
-
Preferably, the tubes are arranged in a second stack between the first header- tank assembly and the second header- tank assembly, wherein the second stack is arranged downstream to the first stack with respect to the intended first fluid flow path.
-
Preferably, the second terminal end protrudes beyond the first stack.
-
Preferably, the second terminal end protrudes beyond the second stack.
-
Preferably, the fin comprises a first section configured to deflect the first fluid substantially obliquely-upwardly, and a second section configured to deflect the first fluid towards the second header- assembly, wherein the second section is arranged downstream to the first section with respect to the intended first fluid flow path.
-
Preferably, the fin further comprises a third section arranged downstream to the first section and the second section so that the second section is located substantially between the first stack and the second stack.
-
Preferably, the third section deflects the first fluid substantially in the same direction as the first section.
-
Preferably, the first stack comprises a first thickness measured perpendicularly to a stacking direction and a second stack comprises a second thickness also measured perpendicularly to a stacking direction, wherein the stacks are arranged between the first header- tank assembly, so that the gap is formed between the stacks.
-
Preferably, the first section overlaps the first thickness and the gap.
-
Preferably, the second section at least partially overlaps the gap.
-
Preferably, the first section comprises at least one first louver aligned at a first louver angle measured with respect to the intended first fluid flow direction.
-
Preferably, the second section comprises at least one second lover aligned at a second louver angle measured with respect to the intended first fluid flow direction.
-
Preferably, the heat exchanger is an evaporator.
-
Preferably, the heat exchanger is a radiator.
-
Preferably, the second louver angle α2 is equal to (α1)+90 degrees.
-
Preferably, the third section comprises at least one third lover aligned at a third louver angle measured with respect to the intended first fluid flow direction.
-
Preferably, the third louver angle is substantially equal to the first louver angle.
-
Preferably, the third louver angle is different than the first louver angle and the second louver angle.
-
Preferably, at least one of the louver angles in the range from 30 to 40 degrees.
-
Preferably, at least one of the louver angles is in particular 35 degrees.
-
Preferably, the first thickness is substantially equal to the second thickness.
-
Preferably, the first thickness is different than the second thickness.
-
Another object of the invention is a motor vehicle comprising such heat exchanger.
-
The invention allows to evacuate the condensate from evaporators and to provide some space on one side of the heat exchangers such as evaporators, radiators or condensers without a need to change the original fin design.
BRIEF DESCRITPTION OF DRAWINGS
-
Examples of the invention will be apparent from and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger.
- Fig. 2 shows detailed, cross- sectional view of the fin being lined up with the tubes on one end.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
-
The invention refers to heat exchangers for a motor vehicle such as evaporators, radiators, and other. The main sub-components of such heat exchangers are depicted by Fig. 1 and briefly described by further paragraphs.
-
A heat exchanger 1 enables the heat exchange between two fluids, wherein one fluid (e.g. refrigerant) is encapsulated and circulates within the heat exchanger 1 and the other fluid (e.g. air) usually flows across the sub-components of the heat exchanger 1.
-
Fig. 1 shows the perspective view of the heat exchanger 1 comprising main sub-components, i.e. plurality of tubes 40 comprising open ends. The tubes 40 may be in form of elongated, flattened channels stacked between two header- tank assemblies 20, 30, wherein all tubes 40 are oriented in the same direction, so that the fluid (e.g. air) may flow through the stack, perpendicularly to the axis of elongation of the tubes 40. The tubes 40 may provide a fluidal communication between the header- tank assemblies 20, 30. The tubes 40 actively participate in the heat transfer process, so the flattened shape of the tubes 40 not only enables the fluid to flow through the stack, but also increases the heat transfer surface. However, the specific dimensions of the tubes 40 should be calculated respecting the characteristics of other sub-components. The tubes 40 may be arranged in a first stack 41 comprising a first thickness T1 measured perpendicularly to a stacking direction S1. In order to show how the thickness T1, T2 and stacking direction S1 are supposed to me measured, they have been indicated in the figures. The header- tank assemblies 20, 30 may comprise minor differences, depending on what role may each one of them play for the heat exchanger 1.
-
The tubes 40 may be formed, for example, in the process of extrusion. This process enables to create the tubes 40 comprising one, or many channels within the single tube. Alternatively, the tubes 40 may be made of out of single, folded sheet of metal.
-
Fig. 1 further shows the architecture of the heat exchanger, in which the first header-tank assembly 20 comprises both inlet (not shown) and outlet (not shown), so it is configured to deliver and collect the fluid from the heat exchanger 1. The header- tank assembly 20,30 may comprise a first header and the first cover which may form continuous channels for the for the fluid. In other words, there may be no baffles located within the channels formed by the first header- tank assembly 20 so that the fluid is delivered along the main axis of elongation of the channels up to the end portion of the first header- tank assembly 20. Similarly, the second header-tank assembly 30 may comprise a second header and a second cover which may form continuous channels for the for the fluid. This allows to form two passes for the fluid, wherein one channel of the first header- tank assembly 20 is fluidly connected with one channel of the second header-tank assembly 30 via one stack of tubes 40, and the other channel of the first header- tank assembly 20 is fluidly connected with the other channel of the second header-tank assembly 30 via the other stack of tubes 40. The U-turn of the fluid is formed between the adjacent channels of the second header- tank assembly 30.
-
Further, the header- tank assemblies 20, 30 may comprise at least one baffle configured to redirect flow of the fluid within the channel. This allows to arrange more than two passes within the heat exchanger 1.
-
The alternative architecture of the heat exchanger 1 may include the second header-tank assembly 30 comprising both inlet and outlet, so that it is configured to deliver and collect the fluid from the heat exchanger 1. In other words, the alternative design may include the heat exchanger 1 which is oriented upside-down to the one depicted in Fig.1. However, this embodiment is not preferred in view of overall performance of the heat exchanger 1, due to e.g. grater pressure drop associated with the location of the inlet and the outlet on the second header-tank assembly 30.
-
Alternatively, the heat exchanger 1 may be configured as a radiator, whereas such architecture is not shown in figures. If the heat exchanger 1 is supposed to be configured as the radiator, the heat exchanger 1 may comprise only the first stack 41 arranged between the first header-tank assembly 20 and the second header-tank assembly 30. Depending on the architecture of the radiator, the inlet may be located on the first header-tank assembly 20, whereas the outlet may be located on the second header-tank assembly 30. Alternatively, the inlet and the outlet may be located on the same header- tank assembly 20, 30.
-
Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the heat exchanger 1 with a header- tank assembly 20, 30 and the tubes 40 according to the preamble of claim 1. The tubes 40 may be arranged in a first stack 41 comprising a first thickness T1 measured perpendicularly to the stacking direction S1 and in a second stack 42 comprising a second thickness T2 also measured perpendicularly to a stacking direction S1. The stacks 41, 42 may be arranged between the first header- tank assembly 20 and the second header- tank assembly 30, wherein the second stack 42 is arranged downstream to the first stack 41 with respect to the intended first fluid flow path depicted by arrows. The first thickness T1 may be substantially equal to the second thickness T2. Alternatively, the first thickness T1 may be different than the second thickness T2.
-
Each tube 40 may further comprise an axis of elongation E1 being substantially perpendicular to intended first fluid flow path F. The tubes 40 may comprise two longer walls being substantially flat and perpendicular to the stacking direction S1, a first lateral wall 40a and a second lateral wall 40b arranged downstream to the first lateral wall 40a with respect to intended first fluid flow path F.
-
In order to further facilitate the heat transfer process, the tubes 40 may be interlaced with so-called fins 50. The fins 50 may be in a form of corrugated sheet of material of relatively high thermal conductivity, e.g. aluminum. The corrugations form ridges, also called lovers, which may be in contact with the surface of two adjacent tubes 40. Usually, the fins 50 are initially squeezed to increase the number of possible corrugations and then brazed to the surface of the tubes 40, so that the fins 50 are immobilized with respect to the tubes 40.
-
The prior art heat exchangers usually comprise at least one fin 50 interlaced between two adjacent tubes 40, wherein said fin 50 may extend in beyond the perimeter delimited by the stacks 41, 42 in a direction parallel to intended first fluid flow direction, wherein the fin 50 extends beyond both stacks 41, 42. Such positioning of the fin 50 inside the heat exchanger such as radiator does not allow to implement any sub-components upstream to the tubes 40, with respect to intended first fluid flow direction.
-
In other words, standard fin 50 location reduces the packaging in front of tubes 40, with respect to intended first fluid flow direction. This also applies to other heat exchangers such as evaporators. Moreover, in the evaporators it is desired to facilitate the evacuation of condensate created in the phase change process of the first fluid.
-
Therefore, the object of the invention concerns the heat exchanger 1 wherein the fin 50 comprises a first terminal end 50a and a second terminal end 50b arranged downstream to the first terminal end 50a with respect to intended first fluid flow path F, in which the fin 50 is placed so that the first terminal end 50a is lined up with first lateral walls 40a of the tubes 40 forming the first stack 41.
-
The term "terminal end" implies per se, that it should be understood as any portion for the fin 50 which is located at the very end of it. The shape or width of the terminal end are thus not important. In other words, each fin 50 is delimited between the first terminal end 50a and the second terminal end 50b.
-
If the heat exchanger 1 is configured as, for example the radiator or a condenser, i.e. it comprises only the first stack of tubes 41, the second terminal end 50b may protrude beyond the first stack 41 whereas the first terminal end 50a is lined up with the first lateral wall 40a.
-
The term "lined up" should be understood as an orderly linear arrangement of the first terminal end 50a and the first lateral wall 40a. Naturally, if more than one tube 40 exists, the terminal end ought to be lined up with first lateral walls 40a of two adjacent tubes 40. Further, if the heat exchanger 1 comprises plurality of tubes arranged at least in a first stack 41, it is desired that the tubes 40 forming the first stack 41 are perfectly arranged in an orderly linear arrangement with respect to individual first lateral walls 40a of each tube 40, so that each first terminal end 50a will be lined up with any lateral wall 40a. Naturally, due to the production process and tolerances, small deviations from the desired configuration are possible.
-
If the heat exchanger 1 is configured as the evaporator, as shown in Figs 2-3, it may comprise two stacks 41, 42 of tubes 40. As shown in Fig.2, the second terminal end 50b protrudes beyond the second stack 42, whereas the first terminal end 50a is lined up with the first lateral wall 40a. It should be noted, that regardless of the number of stacks 41, 42, the second terminal end 50b will always protrude beyond the second lateral wall 40b of the last stack being arranged with respect to the intended first fluid flow direction. It also should be noted, that the fin 50 being lined up with the first terminal end 50a with the first lateral walls 40a and protruding with the second terminal end 50b of the second lateral wall 40b of the stack being arranged as a last one with respect to intended first fluid flow direction is made of one piece.
-
Further, the fins 50 may also be delimited perpendicularly to the stacking direction S1 by inner faces of the header- tank assemblies 20,30. The fin 50 may be configured to at least partially deflect the first fluid flow path. The term "deflect" should be understood as to cause (the air) to change its direction with respect to its intended fluid flow path.
-
The fin 50 may further comprise a first section 100 extending by at least half of the first thickness T1, and the second section 200 arranged downstream to the first section 100 with respect to the intended first fluid flow path.
-
As further shown in Fig. 2, the first stack 41 may comprise the first thickness T1. The first thickness T1 may be measured perpendicularly to a stacking direction S1. The second stack 42 may comprise the second thickness T2 also measured perpendicularly to a stacking direction S1. The stacks 41, 42 may be arranged between the first header- tank assembly 20 and the second header-tank assembly 30, so that a gap T3 may be formed between said stacks 41, 42.
-
The first section 100 may receive the first fluid in a gaseous form, so the molecules are energetic, fast moving and far apart from each other. As the air encounters cooler surface of the heat exchanger 1, the molecules become slower, less energetic and closes together. Then they reach an threshold energy level, the gaseous air changes to liquid. Therefore, in terms of physical phenomena, the first section 100 may also be called a condensation section.
-
The second section 200 may receive the first fluid both in gaseous and liquid form. The second section 200 is configured to separate two phases of the first fluid, so that the liquid is evacuated from the vicinity of the tubes as quickly, as possible. Therefore, the second section 200 may also be called evacuation section.
-
The heat exchanger 1 may further comprise a third section 300 arranged downstream to the first section 100 and the second section 200 so that the second section 200 is located substantially between the first stack 41 and the second stack 42. The term "arranged downstream" means that the third section 300 may be arranged subsequently to the first section 100 and the second section 200 in relation to the intended first fluid flow direction. The third section 300 may be configured to deflect the first fluid substantially in the same direction as the first section 100. Alternatively, the third section 300 may be configured to deflect the first fluid in different direction than the first section 100, for example, in a direction parallel to intended first fluid flow direction.
-
Further, the third section 300 may at least partially overlap the second thickness T2. Similarly, the first section 100 may at least partially overlap the first thickness T1. Preferably, at least 50% the second thickness T2 is overlapped by third section 300. Similarly, at least 50% the first thickness T1 is overlapped by the first section 100. This allows to provide sufficient condensation area for the first section 100.
-
Alternatively, the overlap between the first section 100 and the third section 30 may be asymmetric. In other words, one section may overlap a greater part of corresponding thickness than the other. This allows to optimize the flow of the first fluid through the sections 100, 200, 300.
-
As further shown in Fig.3, the heat exchanger 1 may comprise a gap T3 located between the first stack 41 and the second stack 42. It is evident from Fig.3 that the gap T3 is smaller than any of the thickness T1 or T2, however, an embodiments in which the gap T3 is greater than the first thickness, second thickness T2 or both first and second thickness T1, T2 is also envisaged.
-
The second section 200 may at least partially overlap the gap T3. In particular, the third section 300 may entirely overlap the gap T3, as shown in Fig. 3. This allows to facilitate extraction of the condensate from the heat exchanger 1.
-
In order to provide the proper functionality of the sections 100, 200. 300, the fins 50 may comprise additional features which enhance the heat exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid.
-
As shown in Figs 1 and 2, the first section 100 may comprise at least one first louver aligned at a first louver angle α1 measured with respect to the intended first fluid flow direction. The second section 200 may comprise at least one second lover aligned at a second louver angle α2 measured with respect to the intended first fluid flow direction. The second louver angle α2 may be equal to α1+90 degrees.
-
The third section 300 may comprise at least one third lover aligned at a third louver angle α3 measured with respect to the intended first fluid flow direction. The third louver angle α3 may be substantially equal to the first louver angle α1. However, an embodiment in which the third louver angle α3 is different than the first louver angle α1 and the second louver angle α2 is also envisaged.
-
In order to maximize the efficiency of the heat exchanger, at least one of the louver angles α1, α2, α3 may be the range from 30 to 40 degrees. For example, the first louver angle α1 and the third louver angle α3 may be the same, whereas the second louver angle α2 may be α1+90 degrees. In other words, the second louver angle α2 is a mirror image of the first louver angle, relatively to the intended first fluid flow direction. As shown in Fig.3, the second louver of the second section 200 is pointing substantially obliquely- downwardly, whereas the first louver of the first section 100 is pointing substantially obliquely- upwardly.
-
In particular, at least one of the louver angles may be in particular 35 degrees.
-
The orientation and the location of the second section allow to facilitate evacuation of liquid first fluid form the heat exchanger, so that the efficiency of the second stack 42 is improved.
-
This also allows to reduce the bad odor which may be formed during non-operational mode of the heat exchanger 1.
-
Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to the advantage.
