EP4133702A1 - Procédé de télécommunication avec constellations polaires et dispositifs correspondant - Google Patents
Procédé de télécommunication avec constellations polaires et dispositifs correspondantInfo
- Publication number
- EP4133702A1 EP4133702A1 EP21723334.5A EP21723334A EP4133702A1 EP 4133702 A1 EP4133702 A1 EP 4133702A1 EP 21723334 A EP21723334 A EP 21723334A EP 4133702 A1 EP4133702 A1 EP 4133702A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- constellation
- points
- quadrant
- real number
- modulated symbols
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
- H04L27/3416—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual points belong, e.g. using coset coding, lattice coding, or related schemes
- H04L27/3427—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual points belong, e.g. using coset coding, lattice coding, or related schemes in which the constellation is the n - fold Cartesian product of a single underlying two-dimensional constellation
- H04L27/3433—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual points belong, e.g. using coset coding, lattice coding, or related schemes in which the constellation is the n - fold Cartesian product of a single underlying two-dimensional constellation using an underlying square constellation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/38—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
Definitions
- TITLE Telecommunication process with polar constellations and corresponding devices
- the present invention relates to the field of telecommunications. Within this field, the invention relates more particularly to digital communications with transmission of a radio signal (5G, WiFi, etc.). It applies in particular to access points and portable telecommunications devices.
- a radio signal 5G, WiFi, etc.
- Digital communications refers to digital transmission chains that use well-known signal processing modules as shown in Figure 1.
- a conventional chain is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
- This chain recovers bit input data coming from a binary source such that the binary data is representative for example of an audio signal (voice), of a multi-media signal ( TV stream, Internet stream), etc.
- the input data is encoded by a COD error correcting encoder (eg Turbo Code, LDPC, Polar code).
- An ENT interleaver interleaves the encoded data.
- a binary MAP signal encoder converts a binary data packet, for example a codeword, to a point in a constellation (BPSK, QPSK, mQAM, etc.). This encoder is also called a mapper and it is said equivalently that the mapper maps the input data to the points of the constellation.
- the output of this mapper consists of constellation symbols according to the mapping of the input data or equivalently we speak of the mapped data to denote the output data.
- mQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation according to the English terminology
- the binary signal encoder makes it possible to project and also map the binary data coming from the channel encoder (error correcting encoder) on a two-axis plane according to a given constellation. Each point of the constellation thus carries a packet made up of one or more bits. For example for mapping to BPSK, QPSK or mQAM constellations the number of bits that can be mapped to a point of the given constellation is as follows:
- the mapped data is modulated by a multi-carrier MOD modulator to generate multi-carrier symbols.
- the output of the modulator feeds a power amplifier of the transmitter to emit a radio signal.
- OFDM modulation Orthogonal Frequency-di vision Multiplexing
- FIG. 2 illustrates the output of a modulator implementing an OFDM modulation.
- Such an OFDM modulator is often produced by means of an inverse Fourier transform (IFFT).
- IFFT inverse Fourier transform
- the different carriers of an OFDM symbol are modulated with the points of the constellation to which the data packets have been mapped.
- the frequency interval between carriers is 1 / t s with t s the duration of an OFDM symbol.
- a guard interval of duration D is inserted between two successive OFDM symbols.
- This guard interval makes it possible to absorb the echoes caused by the multiple reflections during radio transmissions via the channel which is generally air.
- This interval can be used to perform a first so-called coarse time synchronization of the system (between a transmitter and a receiver). It can thus allow the reception to position the FFT window before demodulating the received radio signal.
- the implementation of the FFT on reception makes it possible to perform the reverse processing of the IFFT implemented on transmission, ie makes it possible to demodulate the
- FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 represent a mapping respectively on a QPSK, a 16QAM or a 64QAM respecting a Gray coding.
- Gray encoding is such that between a point in the constellation and each of the closest points, the bit packets mapped to these two points are distinguished by only one bit. This particular feature has the advantage of limiting the number of bits affected by a poor reception evaluation of the received constellation point.
- Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrate that the higher the modulation order m, the more the system transmits binary information and can achieve a high transmission rate and therefore improves the spectral efficiency of the system.
- the higher the modulation order the less resistant the system is to channel-related disturbances and Gaussian Additive White Noise (BBAG).
- BBAG Gaussian Additive White Noise
- the choice of the modulation order must take into account the quality of the transmission link in order to achieve the maximum possible speed.
- Amplitude Modulation on two Quadrature carriers can be referred to as a "Cartesian" mapping.
- This mapping is usually associated with Gray encoding.
- RAN Radio Access System
- the QAM mapping is the most used. Indeed, it ensures a uniform Euclidean distance between the points of the constellation and it can be decoded in a simple way with threshold solutions.
- a QAM mapping thus makes it possible to guarantee high data rates.
- a QAM mapping is for example retained in the standards DVB-T, IEEE 802.11 (WiFi), 3GPP 4G (release 8 and following) and recently 3GPP 5G (release 15 and following).
- the invention provides a method of telecommunication comprising: the mapping by an input data mapper to points of a constellation, the modulation by a modulator of the points of the constellation to generate modulated symbols, the transmission of a radio signal representative of the modulated symbols.
- the telecommunication method makes it possible to address various constraints with respect to phase variations or amplitude variations (noise) by modifying the value of the step which can be parameterized, and / or by defining phase values for the different points. This method is therefore very flexible and adaptable as a function of phase or noise constraints.
- the constellation used makes it possible to increase the resilience of the system to phase variations caused by imperfections in the oscillators, in particular for high frequencies above 6 GHz.
- the number of points on the same circle will determine the phase variation that the process allows to absorb.
- the process makes it possible to absorb a phase variation which can go up to 2p.
- the receiver can demodulate the mapped data only by recovering the amplitude of the received data. This configuration simplifies the receiver.
- Such a process is very advantageous because by a simple modification of the pitch, which can be parameterized, it is possible to change the order of the modulation. So, assuming a step of one is associated with an order 16, then dividing the step by two doubles the number of circles and gets twice the order, and so on.
- the modulation is multi-carrier.
- This mode makes it possible to use large modulation orders to meet the increasing demand for flow even in the absence of pilots while making it possible to absorb a phase variation of up to p / 2 by limiting the number to four. of points on the same circle.
- This mode makes it possible to use large modulation orders to meet the increasing demand for flow even in the absence of pilots while making it possible to absorb a phase variation of up to p by limiting the number of points on a same circle for two.
- This mode uses so-called spiral constellations which are particularly suitable for systems confronted with a lot of phase noise, which is the case for example when communications take place in the TeraHz band. In fact, oscillators exhibit a lot of phase noise at these frequencies.
- the spiral constellations defined on the set of 2p, that is to say that the four quadrants are considered as a whole, make it possible to obtain both good immunity to noise and good immunity to phase variations and are therefore particularly advantageous for communications in TeraHz.
- This mode has as good robustness to phase variations as a mode according to which all the points of the constellation have the same phase and in addition it advantageously increases the minimum Euclidean distance of the points of the constellation.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous because the symbols obtained can be demodulated by a conventional demodulator, they are compatible with demodulators suitable for conventional 16-QAM modulation according to which the four points of a quadrant are distributed according to a square.
- This mode has poorer robustness to phase variations than a mode according to which all the points of the constellation have the same phase, but it advantageously increases the minimum Euclidean distance from the points of the constellation.
- This mode exhibits poorer robustness to phase variations than a mode according to which all the points of the constellation have the same phase, but it advantageously increases the minimum Euclidean distance of the points of the constellation.
- all the points of the constellation have the same phase. This mode has good robustness to phase variations and, moreover, the demodulation on reception is a simple determination of the amplitude of the point received.
- a further subject of the invention is telecommunications equipment capable of implementing a method according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to a reception method comprising: the reception of a radio signal representative of modulated symbols, the demodulation by a demodulator of the modulated symbols in order to estimate points of a constellation, the demapping by a demapper of the points of the constellation to estimate data mapped to these constellation points,
- a further subject of the invention is telecommunications equipment capable of implementing a reception method according to the invention.
- the proposed invention thus makes it possible to achieve several objectives:
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a transmission baseband processing chain according to the prior art
- Figure 2 is a conventional time-frequency representation of OFDM symbols
- Figure 3 is a representation along a real axis X (I) and along an imaginary axis Y (Q) of a QPSK constellation with data mapping on the points of the constellation according to Gray coding,
- FIG. 4 is a representation along a real X (I) axis and along an imaginary Y (Q) axis of a 16QAM constellation with data mapping on the points of the constellation according to Gray coding
- FIG. 5 is a representation along a real X (I) axis and along an imaginary Y (Q) axis of a 64QAM constellation with data mapping on the points of the constellation according to Gray coding
- Figure 6 is a representation along a real axis X (I) and along an imaginary axis Y (Q) of a first configuration of a constellation involved in a method according to the invention
- FIG. 7 is a representation along a real axis X (I) and along an imaginary axis Y (Q) of a second configuration of a constellation occurring in a method according to the invention, [Fig 8].
- FIG. 8 diagrammatically represents the maximum of the phase variation that can impact the points of the modulation, illustrated by FIG. 7,
- FIG. 9 is a representation along a real axis X (I) and along an imaginary axis Y (Q) of a third configuration of a constellation occurring in a method according to the invention, [Fig 10].
- FIG. 10 is a representation along a real axis X (I) and along an imaginary axis Y (Q) of a fourth configuration of a constellation occurring in a method according to the invention, [Fig 11]
- FIG. 11 schematically represents the maximum of the phase variation that can impact the modulation points, illustrated in figure 10,
- Figure 12 is a representation along a real axis X (I) and along an imaginary axis Y (Q) of another configuration of a constellation involved in a method according to the invention
- FIG 13 is a diagram of the simplified structure of equipment according to the invention capable of implementing a telecommunication method according to the invention
- Figure 14 is a diagram of the simplified structure of equipment according to the invention capable of implementing a reception method according to the invention.
- the general principle of the invention is based on the mapping of the data on a constellation whose N points are distributed over concentric circles with a constant pitch p between the circles.
- the step p is a non-zero positive real number.
- the points of the constellation are therefore distributed over at least two distinct circles.
- the constellation has the particularity that there is at most one point on each circle per quadrant considered for the expression in polar form of the constellation.
- the constellation is determined on a quadrant of size 2 ⁇ , that is to say the quadrant [0 - 2 ⁇ [then there is at most one point per circle.
- the constellation is determined by quadrant of size ⁇ , or for quadrants then there is at most one point per semicircle.
- the constellation is determined by quadrant of size ⁇ / 2, i.e. for quadrants then there is a maximum of one point per quarter circle.
- the normalization operation is an operation well known to those skilled in the art, so it is not further described. It is indeed quite usual to apply a normalization factor during mapping or at the end of the mapping on the different symbols.
- FIG. 6 represents a first configuration of a constellation used according to the invention.
- This configuration has the particularity that its points are distributed over a quadrant which represents [0 - 2 ⁇ [and that the phase ⁇ is the same for all its points.
- the receiver can demodulate the mapped data according to this configuration only by exploiting the amplitude of the received data.
- the following table is an example of Gray coding used with this configuration.
- This first configuration advantageously makes it possible to estimate the common phase variation of an OFDM symbol between the transmitted signal and the received signal by calculating the average phase error on an OFDM symbol. This eliminates the need for so-called continuous pilots.
- This first configuration is very efficient with respect to phase variations but to the detriment of robustness against additive Gaussian white noise because the minimum distance between the emitted points is low.
- FIG. 7 represents a second configuration of a constellation used according to the invention.
- the phase ⁇ n of point n is chosen according to a determined criterion, for example with a constant pitch of ⁇ / 8 between two points or a pitch of zero between the two points on the most distant circles in the same quadrant.
- This second mode is less efficient with respect to phase variations than the first mode, but it is more robust against additive Gaussian white noise because the minimum distance between the emitted points is greater.
- and ⁇ 3 5 ⁇ / 12.
- This second embodiment as illustrated is very advantageous because it is compatible with many existing OFDM demodulators capable of demodulating an OFDM / 16QAM modulation. Indeed, for each quadrant, the points are close to those of a classic 16QAM constellation as represented in figure 4.
- FIG. 8 represents the maximum of the phase variation that can impact the points of the modulation, illustrated by FIG. 7, during the transmission which remains compatible with a correct demodulation on reception.
- the receiver can demodulate the points of the modulation received despite the phase variation between the transmitter and the receiver and this without ambiguity.
- ⁇ n X e j ⁇ n
- This constellation is very robust in the face of phase variations of ⁇ ⁇ / 2 but with a decrease in performance with respect to Gaussian additive white noise compared to a modulation illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 10 represents a fourth configuration of a constellation used according to the so-called spiral invention.
- this fourth configuration has the particularity that the points are distributed over a quadrant which represents [0 - 2 ⁇ [.
- this fourth configuration is particularly advantageous with respect to phase variations because the demodulation on reception can be done only on an amplitude detection of the constellation points received. Any phase variation during transmission between the transmitter and the receiver has no impact on demodulation.
- This fourth configuration is more advantageous than the first configuration in terms of minimum distance between all the points and therefore more robust against Gaussian additive white noise because the minimum distance between the emitted points is greater than for the first configuration.
- the constellation in Figure 9 can be defined as two spiral constellations of order half on two quadrants [0, 2 ⁇ [offset by ⁇ from each other.
- the following table is a possible example of mapping of the binary data on the points of a constellation according to the fourth configuration illustrated by FIG. 10, while respecting a Gray coding.
- the phase is a multiple of ⁇ / 4.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the result of a frequency difference between the transmitter and the receiver with the constellation defined above on several consecutive OFDM symbols.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the maximum of the phase variation that can impact the points of the so-called spiral modulation, illustrated by FIG. 10, which remains acceptable for correct demodulation.
- This "spiral" structure makes it possible to resist strong phase variations between the emitter and the receiver of the system.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for systems operating in TeraHertz for which there is a very high phase noise due to poorly performing oscillators.
- a new embodiment of a constellation according to the first configuration can be determined by reproducing the dots in Figure 6 of the 3 rd quadrant as shown in FIG. 12.
- the pitch p can be divided for example by two, by four, etc.
- FIG. 13 The simplified structure of an embodiment of a device according to the invention capable of implementing a telecommunication method according to the invention is illustrated by FIG. 13.
- This device DEV_E can just as easily be a base station as 'a mobile terminal.
- the DEV_E equipment comprises a ⁇ microprocessor whose operation is controlled by the execution of a program Pg whose instructions allow the implementation of a telecommunication method according to the invention.
- the DEV_E equipment further comprises a MAP mapper, an OFDM type MOD modulator, an EM transmitter, a Mem memory comprising a launch memory.
- the OFDM type MOD modulator is conventionally produced by implementing an inverse Fourier transform IFFT.
- the code instructions of the program Pg are for example loaded into the buffer memory Mem before being executed by the processor ⁇ .
- the ⁇ microprocessor controls the various components: MAP mapper, MOD modulator, EM transmitter.
- the configuration of the equipment includes at least the order of the modulation, the step of the constellation as well as the value of a 1 .
- the order of the modulation determines the number of points N.
- FIG. 14 The simplified structure of an embodiment of a device according to the invention capable of implementing a reception method according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 14.
- This device DEV_R can just as easily be a base station as 'a mobile terminal.
- the DEV_R equipment comprises a ⁇ microprocessor whose operation is controlled by the execution of a program Pg whose instructions allow the implementation of a reception method according to the invention.
- the DEV_R equipment further comprises a DEMAP demapper, an OFDM type DEMOD demodulator, a receiver RE, a Mem memory comprising a buffer memory.
- the code instructions of the program Pg are for example loaded into the buffer memory Mem before being executed by the processor ⁇ .
- the ⁇ microprocessor controls the various components: DEMAP demapper, DEMOD demodulator, RE receiver.
- the DEMOD demodulator performs the reverse operation of the MOD modulator.
- the DEMAP demapper does the opposite of the MAP mapper.
- the demodulator is produced by means of a Fourier transform FFT.
- the configuration of the equipment includes at least the order of the modulation, the step of the constellation as well as the value of ⁇ 1 .
- the order of the modulation determines the number of points N.
- ⁇ DEV_R equipment can therefore from the amplitude determine the point received with an uncertainty on its position if several quadrants were considered on the show to define the constellation.
- the device DEV_R can estimate the phase error by comparing the estimated points projected on the axes X (I) and Y (Q) with the points transmitted.
- the DEV_R device can have an improvement in the estimate of the phase error and decrease thus the influence of white noise: with M the number of OFDM carriers used to estimate the phase variations.
- the device DEV_R can correct all of the constellation points modulating an OFDM symbol. This correction can be done both in the frequency domain ie after the 1 ⁇ demodulation and in the time domain ie before the 1FF1 demodulation. By performing the correction in the time domain, this makes it possible to reduce the inter-carrier interference which results from the phase rotation. Determining the phase error makes it possible to reduce the demodulation error.
- the invention also applies to a computer program or more, in particular a computer program on or in an information medium, suitable for implementing the invention.
- This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form. desirable for implementing a method according to the invention.
- the information medium can be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
- the medium may comprise a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or else a magnetic recording means, for example a USB key or a hard disk.
- the information medium can be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which can be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
- the program according to the invention can in particular be downloaded from an Internet type network.
- the information medium can be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2003483A FR3109044A1 (fr) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Procédé de télécommunication avec constellations polaires et dispositifs correspondant |
| PCT/FR2021/050600 WO2021205112A1 (fr) | 2020-04-07 | 2021-04-06 | Procédé de télécommunication avec constellations polaires et dispositifs correspondant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4133702A1 true EP4133702A1 (fr) | 2023-02-15 |
Family
ID=71662037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21723334.5A Pending EP4133702A1 (fr) | 2020-04-07 | 2021-04-06 | Procédé de télécommunication avec constellations polaires et dispositifs correspondant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12047221B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4133702A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3109044A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021205112A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7787568B2 (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2010-08-31 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | High bit rate RFID system |
| US10050683B2 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-08-14 | Mediatek Inc. | Signal modulation and demodulation for multiuser superposition transmission scheme |
| CN110832818A (zh) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-02-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 用于生成apsk信号的设备和方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-04-07 FR FR2003483A patent/FR3109044A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-04-06 WO PCT/FR2021/050600 patent/WO2021205112A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-04-06 EP EP21723334.5A patent/EP4133702A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-04-06 US US17/917,388 patent/US12047221B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20230155878A1 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
| FR3109044A1 (fr) | 2021-10-08 |
| WO2021205112A1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 |
| US12047221B2 (en) | 2024-07-23 |
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