Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
  • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
  • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
  • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
  • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
  • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
  • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for stabilizing egg nes AC voltage network with a converter with an AC voltage side for connecting to the AC voltage network and a DC voltage side with two DC voltage poles and with an energy storage arrangement, the DC voltage side of the converter is connected between the DC voltage poles.
• the stabilizing effect of the device is based in particular on the fact that the device is set up to exchange active and reactive power with the AC voltage network. Controllable intermediate storage of energy is becoming increasingly important, especially in connection with the generation of energy from renewable sources.
• the energy storage arrangement usually comprises short-term energy storage devices (generally capacitive energy storage devices). This means that the device can be used for rapid frequency support, e.g. when shedding loads with a high output or generating generators.
• the network frequency can be kept within a range specified by the network operator by means of the device. If the grid frequency leaves the permissible range, there is a risk of a chain reaction by switching off other feeding inverters (such as the inverters of photovoltaic systems). Ultimately, this can lead to a power failure.
• a corresponding device is known from WO 2020/007464 A1.
• the known device comprises a power converter which is a modular multi-stage converter in a double-star configuration.
• Energy storage branches connected in parallel are connected between the DC voltage-side poles of the converter arranged with voltage converter modules and energy storage modules.
• the object of the invention is to provide a type-appropriate device which is as effective and reliable as possible in operation.
• the object is achieved with a type-appropriate device according to the invention by a controlled load for active power absorption or active power consumption, which is arranged in a series or in a parallel circuit to the energy storage arrangement.
• the load includes, for example, a consumption unit through which current can flow in a controlled manner.
• the load can absorb power and convert it into heat.
• the device according to the invention can take active power from the network longer than the known devices without necessarily having to increase the energy content of the energy storage arrangement.
• the device according to the invention it is thus possible in particular to avoid the disadvantage that, in order to increase the capacity of the energy storage arrangement, it must be equipped with more energy storage units.
• This allows, thanks to the device according to the invention, to avoid the disadvantage of an increased space requirement.
• the availability of the device can be improved in this way, since the failure rate of the components increases accordingly with their number.
• the load can both absorb the active power instead of the energy storage arrangement and also delay loading of the energy storage arrangement through corresponding partial active power consumption.
• the load can be used to discharge the energy storage arrangement more quickly when the converter is shut down.
• the load preferably comprises at least one resistance element, for example a passive resistance element, for example a dry resistor or a high-performance resistor known to the person skilled in the art.
• a passive resistance element for example a dry resistor or a high-performance resistor known to the person skilled in the art.
• the resistance element is connected to the energy storage arrangement as a separate component. By means of the resistance element, power can be converted into heat. The resulting waste heat can, for example, be given off against ambient air or in a cooling water circuit, for example a cooling water circuit of the converter.
• the load can comprise a plurality of resistance elements which are connected to one another in any circuit topologies, in particular a series and / or parallel circuit.
• the load is connected in series with the energy storage arrangement, the resistance element (or, for example, a series connection of resistance elements) at least one diode being connected in parallel.
• the forward direction of the diode is selected in such a way that it is ensured that the load is not effective when active power is output by the device (i.e. no current flows through the resistance element). With the use of the diode, the current through the load (and thus the load itself) is controlled.
• the arrangement of the load in series with the energy storage arrangement has the particular advantage that the load in this case can have a lower insulation capacity than a load connected in parallel to the energy storage arrangement.
• the load is preferably connected in series with the energy storage arrangement, a bypass switch being connected in parallel to the resistance element, by means of which the at least one resistance element (or an interconnection of resistance elements) can be bypassed. By means of a suitable control of the bridging switch, the load or the resistance element can be switched on or bridged in order to develop its effect accordingly.
• the load comprises a braking unit, that is to say a controllable device for converting electrical energy into heat.
• the braking unit preferably has a series connection of braking unit modules.
• a braking unit module comprises, for example, a braking unit power module with passive or controllable, preferably switchable, semiconductor switches and with a DC voltage intermediate circuit to which a braking unit capacitor module with a capacitance is connected.
• This variant of the braking unit is particularly flexible and effective, since a number of braking unit modules adapted to the specific application can be switched to active or inactive at a given time.
• the braking actuator modules can suitably be controlled in such a way that the energy storage arrangement is charged with a constant current. For this purpose, the converter can output its maximum DC voltage.
• the load forms a series circuit with a switching unit, which is connected in parallel to the energy storage arrangement.
• the load can be switched on or off by means of the switching unit, where it can be controlled.
• the load comprises a first load branch and a second load branch, which are arranged in a parallel connection to one another, the first load branch having at least one controllable resistance element and the second load branch comprise a further controllable resistance element or a braking device.
• the load can be used particularly effectively.
• the load branch with the resistance elements can be used to absorb large amounts of power.
• the load branch with the braking unit can absorb smaller amounts of active power.
• the resistance element can be controlled by means of a semiconductor switch or a mechanical switch in series with the resistance element (or, if a circuit is provided with several resistance elements, in parallel with this circuit).
• the semiconductor switch can, for example, be a switchable semiconductor switch (e.g. an IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, MOSFET or the like).
• a freewheeling diode can be connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch.
• the energy storage arrangement suitably comprises a plurality of series connections with energy storage units connected in parallel.
• the device is scalable with regard to its capacity of the energy storage arrangement.
• low-voltage storage units can be used in the energy storage arrangement.
• the converter is preferably a modular multi-stage converter (MMC) in a double star arrangement.
• MMC modular multi-stage converter
• the MMC has particular advantages with regard to the effectiveness and reliability of the exchange of active and reactive power with the AC voltage network.
• the MMC is characterized by power converter arms, each of which has a series connection of switching modules.
• Each switching module comprises semiconductor switches that can be switched off and a module energy storage device.
• at least one switching module voltage can be generated at the connections of the switching module, which corresponds to an energy storage voltage of positive polarity or a zero voltage in the case of bipolar switching modules also negative.
• the invention also relates to a method for operating a device for stabilizing an AC voltage network with a converter with an AC voltage side for connecting to the AC voltage network and a DC voltage side with two DC voltage poles, an energy storage arrangement that is connected on the DC side of the Stromrich age between the DC voltage poles.
• the object of the invention is to provide such a method which enables the most effective and inexpensive possible stabilization of the AC voltage network.
• the object is achieved in a method according to the type in that a controlled load for active power absorption or active power consumption is provided, which is arranged in a series or parallel connection to the energy storage arrangement, active power is taken from the AC voltage network and stored by means of the energy storage arrangement, with active power consumption is delayed or slowed down for the controlled load.
• the device can take up real power from the network for a longer period of time without an expensive increase in a take-up capacity of the energy storage arrangement. This improves the effectiveness of network stabilization. Further advantages result from those that have already been discussed in connection with the device according to the invention.
• Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive device in a schematic representation
• FIG. 2 shows a section of the device of FIG. 1 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 3 shows an example of a converter arm for a converter of the device of FIGS. 1 and 2 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 4 shows a switching module for the converter of the device of FIGS. 1 and 2 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 5 shows a first section of the switching module of FIG. 4 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 6 shows a second section of the switching module of FIG. 5 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 7 shows a first example of a load for the device of FIG. 1 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 8 shows a second example of a load for the device in FIG. 1 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 9 shows a third example of a load for the device in FIG. 1 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 10 shows a fourth example of a load for the device of FIG. 1 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 11 shows a fifth example of a load for the device of FIG. 1 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 12 shows a first section of the load from FIGS. 7 to 11 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 13 shows a second section of the load from FIGS. 7 to 11 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 14 shows an example of a braking device in a schematic representation
• FIG. 15 shows a braking unit module for the braking unit of FIG. 14 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 16 shows a first example of a brake actuator power module in a schematic representation
• FIG. 17 shows a second example of a braking unit power module in a schematic representation
• FIG. 18 shows a braking unit capacitor module in a schematic representation
• FIG. 19 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention in a schematic representation
• FIG. 20 shows a section of the device of FIG. 19 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 21 shows an example of a converter arm for a converter of the device of FIG. 19 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 22 shows a first example of a load for the device of FIG. 19 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 23 shows a second example of a load for the device of FIG. 19 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 24 shows a braking device for the device of FIG. 19 in a schematic representation
• FIG. 25 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 is a device 7 for stabilizing an AC voltage network 1.
• the device 7 comprises an arrangement 2 with a converter and an energy storage system which is connected to the AC voltage network 1 by means of a connection transformer 6.
• the structure of the arrangement 2 is discussed in more detail in the following FIG. 2.
• the device 7 further comprises a central regulating or control device 5 a current measuring device 3.
• the control device 5 is set up to regulate an exchange of active and reactive power between the system 2 and the AC voltage network, taking into account the measured and setpoint values.
• identical and similar elements are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.
• FIG. 2 shows a section of the device 7 from FIG. 1 with the arrangement 2.
• Figure 2 shows a converter 9, which is a modular multi-stage converter (MMC) in a double star configuration.
• the converter 9 comprises six converter arms 10. Three of the converter arms 10 are connected to one another in a first star connection with a first star point or DC voltage pole P. Another three of the converter arms 10 are connected to one another in a second star point circuit with a second star point or DC voltage pole N. Each of the converter arms he stretch between one of three AC voltage connections L1-L3 and one of the two DC voltage poles P, N.
• the structure of the converter arms 10 is discussed in more detail in FIG. 3 below.
• the alternating voltage connections L1-L3 form an alternating voltage side 9ac of the converter 9 for connection to the alternating voltage network 1.
• the direct voltage poles P, N form a direct voltage side 9dc of the converter 9 for connecting to an energy storage arrangement E.
• the energy storage arrangement E comprises one or more series connections of energy storage modules EM, which can be arranged in parallel to one another.
• the energy storage modules EM can for example have ultracaps or comparable short-term energy storage devices.
• a controlled load 8 is arranged, by means of which additional active power can be taken from the AC voltage network 1 and, if necessary, converted into heat. For this purpose, a controlled flow of current through the load can be enabled.
• the structure of the load 8 is discussed in greater detail below in connection with FIGS. 7 to 18.
• FIG. 3 an example of a converter arm 10 for the converter 9 of FIG. 2 is shown.
• the converter arm 10 has two connections A1 and A2, by means of which the converter arm can be switched between one of the AC voltage connections Ll-3 and one of the DC voltage poles P or N.
• the converter arm 10 comprises a series connection of switching modules 13, the structure of which is discussed in greater detail in the following FIGS. 4 to 6.
• the switching module voltages occurring at the switching modules 13 add up to an arm voltage u_conv.
• the converter arm also includes a smoothing choke 12.
• An arm current i_conv through the converter arm 10 is recorded by means of an ammeter 11 and passed on to the converter control device.
• a switching module 13 for the converter arm 10 of FIG. 3 is shown.
• the switching module 13 has a first connection AC1 and a second connection AC2, at which a switching module voltage Usm is applied.
• the switching module 13 comprises a power module 14 and a capacitor module 15, which are connected to one another via suitable connections or terminals DC1-4.
• the structure of the power module 14 and the capacitor module 15 is discussed in greater detail in the following FIGS. 5 and 6.
• FIG. 5 a power module 14 for a switching module 13 from FIG. 4 is shown.
• the example shown in FIG. 5 is a full-bridge power module for a full-bridge switching module.
• the power module 14 comprises four semiconductor switches (IGBTs in the example shown), each of which has a free-wheeling diode D connected in antiparallel.
• the two terminals DC1, DC2 on the DC voltage intermediate circuit are used to connect to the capacitor module 15.
• An intermediate circuit voltage Uzk is applied to the DC voltage intermediate circuit.
• FIG. 6 a capacitor module 15 for a switching module 13 from FIG. 4 is shown.
• the capacitor module has two terminals DC3 and DC4 for connection to the power module 14.
• An energy store 20 in the form of a capacitor is arranged parallel to the terminals DC3, DC4.
• a voltage Uc present at the energy storage device is monitored by means of a voltmeter 19.
• FIG. 7 shows an example of a controlled load 8a which can be used as a load 8 of the device 7 of FIG.
• the load 8a comprises two parallel load branches 16a and 16c, the structure of the load branches 16a and 16c being discussed in more detail in the following FIG.
• FIG. 8 shows an example of a controlled load 8b which can be used as a load 8 of the device 7 of FIG.
• the load 8b comprises two parallel load branches 16b and 16d, the structure of load branches 16b and 16d being discussed in greater detail in FIG. 13 below.
• FIG. 9 shows an example of a controlled load 8c which can be used as a load 8 of the device 7 of FIG.
• the load 8c comprises two parallel load branches 16a and 16b, the structure of the first load branch 16a in FIG. 12 and the structure and 16b in the following FIG. 13 being discussed in greater detail.
• FIG. 10 shows an example of a controlled load 8d which can be used as a load 8 of the device 7 of FIG.
• the load 8d comprises two parallel load branches, a first load branch 16a and a second load branch with a braking unit 17, the structure of the load branch 16a in the following FIG. 12 and the structure of the braking unit 17 in the following FIGS. 14 to 18 being discussed in more detail is going.
• FIG. 11 shows an example of a controlled load 8e which can be used as a load 8 of the device 7 of FIG.
• the load 8e comprises two parallel load branches, a third load branch 16b and the second load branch with a braking unit 17, the structure of the load branch 16b in the following FIG. 13 and the structure of the braking unit 17 in the following FIGS. 14 to 18 being discussed in more detail is going.
• FIG. 12 shows a load branch 16a which can be used, for example, as load branch 16a and also load branch 16c of FIGS. 7, 9 and 10.
• the load branch 16a is arranged between the first and the second DC voltage pole P and N of the converter 9.
• the load branch 16a comprises a resistance element 21 and a mechanical switch 22 in series with the resistance element 21.
• a load branch 16b is shown, for example as load branch 16b and also load branch 16d of Figures 8, 9 and 11 can be used.
• the load branch 16b is arranged between the first and the second DC voltage pole P and N of the converter 9.
• the load branch 16b comprises a resistance element 21.
• the load branch 16b also comprises a parallel circuit 23 of a turn-off semiconductor switch S (in the example shown, an IGBT) and an anti-parallel freewheeling diode D (the forward directions of the semiconductor switch and the freewheeling diode are opposed to each other).
• FIG. 14 a braking device 17 for the loads 8d, 8e of FIGS. 10 and 11 is shown.
• the braking unit 17 comprises a coupling inductance 25 and a series connection of several braking unit modules 24, which are similarly constructed in the example shown.
• a current i_BC through the braking unit 17 is measured by means of an ammeter 26 and used to regulate the braking unit 17 by means of a control not shown in detail.
• the structure of the brake actuator modules 24 is discussed in more detail in the following FIGS. 15 to 18.
• a braking unit module 24 for the braking unit of FIG. 14 is shown.
• the braking unit module 24 has two connections XI and X2 for inserting the braking unit module 24 into the corresponding series circuit as shown in FIG.
• the braking unit module 24 further comprises a braking unit power module 27, the structure of which will be discussed in detail in connection with FIGS. 16 and 17, and a braking unit capacitor module 28, which is shown in detail in FIG.
• the braking unit power module 27 and the braking unit capacitor module 28 are connected to one another by means of connecting terminals or connections DC1-4 set up for this purpose.
• FIG. 16 shows a first example of a braking unit power module 27a which can be used as a braking unit power module 27 of the braking unit module 17 of FIG.
• the brake actuator power module 27a comprises two a first diode 29a and a second diode 29b with the same forward direction, which are arranged in series between the connecting terminals DC1 and DC2.
• the first connection XI of the brake actuator module 24 is arranged between the diodes 29, the second connection X2 of the brake actuator module 24 is arranged between the diode 29b and the second connection terminal DC2.
• FIG. 17 shows a second example of a braking unit power module 27b which can be used as a braking unit power module 27 of the braking unit module 17 of FIG.
• the brake actuator power module 27b comprises two a first diode 29a and a second diode 29b with the same forward directions, which are net angeord in series between the connecting terminals DC1 and DC2.
• the first connection XI of the brake actuator module 24 is arranged between the diodes 29, the second connection X2 of the brake actuator module 24 is arranged between the diode 29b and the second connection terminal DC2.
• the braking unit power module 27b comprises a turn-off semiconductor switch 30 (e.g. IGBT), which is connected in parallel to the second diode 29b.
• IGBT turn-off semiconductor switch
• the braking unit capacitor module 28 comprises an energy store 31 in the form of a capacitor, which is arranged parallel to the connecting terminals DC3 and DC4.
• the braking unit capacitor module 28 comprises an energy store 31 in the form of a capacitor, which is arranged parallel to the connecting terminals DC3 and DC4.
• the energy store 31 is arranged parallel to the connecting terminals DC3 and DC4.
• a high-performance resistor 33 In egg ner parallel connection to the energy store 31 is a series circuit of a high-performance resistor 33 and a semiconductor switch 34 with anti-parallel freewheeling diode D.
• To the parallel-connected energy storage voltage measurement 32 is provided.
• the voltage present at the energy store is denoted by Uzk.
• a device 107 for stabilizing an alternating voltage network 1 is shown in FIG.
• the device 107 comprises an arrangement 102 with a converter and an energy storage system, which is connected to the AC voltage network 1 by means of a connection transformer 6. On the The structure of the arrangement 102 is discussed in greater detail in the following FIG.
• the device 107 further comprises a central regulating or control device 105.
• the regulating device 105 receives a set S of predetermined setpoint values and measured values from a voltage measuring device 4 and a current measuring device 3.
• the regulating device 105 is set up, taking into account the measured and setpoint values to regulate an exchange of active and reactive power between the arrangement 102 and the AC voltage network 1.
• FIG. 20 shows a section of the device 107 from FIG. 19 with the arrangement 102.
• FIG. 20 shows a power converter 9, which is a modular multi-stage converter (MMC) in a double-star configuration.
• the converter 9 comprises six converter arms 10. Three of the converter arms 10 are connected to one another in a first star connection with a first star point or DC voltage pole P. A further three of the converter arms 10 are connected to one another in a second star point circuit with a second star point or DC voltage pole N. Each of the converter arms extend between one of three AC voltage connections L1-L3 and one of the two DC voltage poles P, N.
• the structure of the converter arms 10 is discussed in greater detail in FIG. 21 below.
• the AC voltage connections L1-L3 form an AC voltage side 9ac of the converter 9 for connection to the AC voltage network 1.
• the DC voltage poles P, N form a DC voltage side 9dc of the converter 9 for connection to an energy storage arrangement E.
• the energy storage arrangement E comprises one or more series circuits of energy storage modules EM, which can be arranged in parallel to one another.
• the energy storage modules EM can, for example, have ultracaps or comparable short-term energy storage devices.
• a controlled load 108 is arranged in a series connection with the energy storage arrangement E, by means of which additional borrowed active power from the AC voltage network 1 recorded and possibly converted into heat.
• the series connection of the energy storage arrangement E and the load 108 extends between the DC voltage poles P, N of the converter 9.
• the structure of the load 108 is discussed in greater detail below in connection with FIGS. 22 to 24.
• FIG. 21 shows an example of a converter arm 10 for the converter 9 of FIG.
• the converter arm 10 has two connections A1 and A2, by means of which the converter arm can be connected between one of the AC voltage connections Ll-3 and one of the DC voltage poles P and N, respectively.
• the converter arm 10 comprises a series connection of switching modules 13, the structure of which corresponds to that of the switching modules that are described in more detail in connection with the fi gures 4 to 6.
• the switching module voltages occurring at the switching modules 13 add up to an arm voltage u_conv.
• the converter arm further comprises a smoothing choke 12.
• An arm current i_conv through the converter arm 10 is detected by means of an ammeter 11 and passed on to the control device 105 of the converter.
• FIG. 22 shows a controllable load 108a which can be used as the controlled load 108 of FIG.
• the load 108a comprises a high-power resistor 121, to which a switch 122 is connected in parallel, by means of which the high-power resistor 121 can be bridged.
• the load 108a can be switched, for example, between a potential point Q, at which the load is connected to the energy storage arrangement E, and the DC voltage pole N of the arrangement 102 in FIG.
• FIG. 23 shows a controlled load 108b which can be used as the controlled load 108 of FIG.
• the load 108b comprises a high-performance resistor 121, with which a diode 109 is connected in parallel.
• the direction of passage of the Dio de 109 is chosen in such a way that the high-performance resistance is not effective when energy is released into the network.
• the load 108b can be switched, for example, between a potential point Q, at which the load is connected to the energy storage arrangement E, and the DC voltage pole N of the arrangement 102 in FIG.
• FIG. 24 shows a braking device 17 which can be used as the controlled load 108 of FIG.
• the braking unit 17 comprises a coupling inductance 25 and a series circuit of several braking unit modules 24, which are similarly constructed in the example shown.
• the structure of the brake actuator modules 24 is discussed in detail in FIGS. 15 to 18.
• a device according to the invention for example device 7 of FIG. 1 or device 107 of FIG. 19, is provided and connected to an alternating voltage network and put into operation, so that reactive and / or active power by means of the device can be exchanged with the AC voltage network.
• a second step 202 active power is taken from the alternating voltage network and stored by means of the energy storage arrangement E (see FIGS. 1 and 19). During power consumption, the controlled load 8 resp.
• a further step 203 further active power is taken from the AC voltage network, this further active power being at least partially converted into heat by means of the controlled load.

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• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Inverter Devices (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-05-20 EP EP20732111.8A patent/EP4128468A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-05-20 CN CN202090001161.1U patent/CN220570329U/zh active Active
  • 2020-05-20 WO PCT/EP2020/064125 patent/WO2021233538A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2020-05-20 US US17/926,230 patent/US20230198259A1/en active Pending

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