EP4127372A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un vitrage isolant a transmission elevee d'ondes gsm - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un vitrage isolant a transmission elevee d'ondes gsm

Info

Publication number
EP4127372A1
EP4127372A1 EP21718931.5A EP21718931A EP4127372A1 EP 4127372 A1 EP4127372 A1 EP 4127372A1 EP 21718931 A EP21718931 A EP 21718931A EP 4127372 A1 EP4127372 A1 EP 4127372A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glazing
insulating glazing
gsm
thickness
waves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21718931.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tommaso ONGARELLO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4127372A1 publication Critical patent/EP4127372A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6612—Evacuated glazing units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/42—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/18—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against harmful radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/206—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of double glazing with thermal insulation function.
  • the standard thermal insulating glazing consists of a double glazing (in English "Double Glazing Unit" - DGU -), which usually consists of two glass panels of varying thickness mounted parallel to each other. with a spacing of 16 mm in general, filled with air or a gas such as argon. This configuration helps to minimize heat transfer between indoors and outdoors, reducing heat loss and improving thermal comfort and energy savings.
  • double glazing is used as side glazing, where it is usually provided with coating (s) to improve thermal energy performance, for solar control and low-emissivity.
  • Solar control is the reflection and filtration of solar radiation to reduce the heating induced inside a closed volume
  • low-emissivity is the reflection of thermal radiation from an enclosure to retain heat.
  • one of the disadvantages of using such highly selective coatings for solar control and low emissivity is the attenuation of the GSM frequency in the GHz frequency band. This is due to the presence of several metal layers in the coatings, which thanks to their conductivity behave as perfect reflectors of electromagnetic waves of the order of GHz.
  • conductive coating s
  • this objective has been achieved by the invention, which consequently relates to an insulating glazing with high transmission of GSM waves, consisting of a first and a second glazing parallel to one another. other, and each having a thickness at most equal to 10 mm, separated from one another by a gas layer, characterized in that the gas layer has a thickness at most equal to 10 mm.
  • the gas layer can consist of air or gas such as argon, xenon, krypton, or under vacuum.
  • the first and second glazings comprise sheets of polymer material and of mineral glass, the Fe content of which is at most equal to 0.1% by weight.
  • the first and second glazings are, independently of one another, monolithic, that is to say made up of a single transparent rigid sheet, or laminated, more precisely then made up of two rigid sheets. transparent glued to each other by an adhesive interlayer.
  • a transparent rigid sheet is made of a polymer material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU) for example, or in mineral glass such as soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate ...
  • An intermediate adhesive layer is for example made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or ethylene - vinyl acetate (EVA).
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • EVA ethylene - vinyl acetate
  • one of the first and second glazing units, or both has (have) a thickness at most equal to 5 mm.
  • This relative fineness of the double glazing is sufficient to guarantee in many applications the required mechanical resistance while limiting the weight of the glazing. It is also favorable to the transmission of GSM waves.
  • the gas layer is under vacuum and of thickness at most equal to 0.3 mm.
  • Such a thin vacuum gas sheet provides thermal insulation equivalent to that of a gas sheet at atmospheric pressure much thicker, as well as a transmission of GSM waves close to that of a massive (monolithic) glazing of thickness. equal to the total thickness of the two glazing of the double glazing.
  • At least one of the first and second glazings is a laminated glazing consisting of two sheets of mineral glass bonded to one another by means of an intermediate adhesive layer.
  • Laminated glazing provides resistance to penetration / burglary at a reasonable thickness and weight per unit area.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer is then preferably chosen from polyvinylbutyral (PVB), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA).
  • PVB polyvinylbutyral
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • the insulating glazing comprises at least one thin solar control layer and / or a thin low-emissive layer, which has (have) been subjected (s) to partial laser ablation to allow GSM waves to pass.
  • the terms “thin layer” refer to a single layer, or even more often to a stack of several layers (total) thickness of the order of a few tens of nanometers at most.
  • the stack often comprises an alternation of electrically conductive layers, including metallic, and dielectric.
  • the function of these thin layers is to reflect different thermal radiations in the infrared, as mentioned previously (solar radiation, internal heat of a closed volume).
  • These thin layers not transmitting electromagnetic waves such as GSM, it is possible, according to this variant of the method of the invention, to remove parts thereof preferably regularly distributed over the entire surface of the thin layer, by laser ablation, which allows GSM waves to pass.
  • Another object of the invention consists in the application of an insulating glazing described above, as glazing for land, water or air vehicles, or as glazing for buildings, and in particular as side glazing for trains.
  • the invention is illustrated by means of the following exemplary embodiments.
  • the transmission of GSM waves is measured through double glazing units each consisting of two laminated glazing units separated by an air space.
  • each double glazing The constitution of each double glazing is shown in the table below.
  • the first laminated glazing consists of two sheets of glass designated by I (Glass I) and II (Glass II) bonded to each other by PVB, the second laminated glazing of two sheets of glass designated by III (Glass III) and IV (Glass IV) also glued to each other by PVB.
  • Glass is soda ash for lack of precision, or float borosilicate.
  • the thicknesses of all the components of each double glazing are indicated in mm.
  • All double glazing has a total thickness of
  • the minimum transmission (in dB) of GSM waves is recorded, by values of frequency domains or discrete frequencies (in GHz), for each of the six double glazing, in the table below.
  • the "thick PVB” and “thick glass” double glazing which has an air gap of about 10 mm, have better GSM transmission in the critical frequency range of 3.4-3.8 GHz, compared to standard double glazing (double glazing). 14 mm air).
  • the situation in this regard is even better by replacing soda lime glass with float borosilicate (Borosilicate PVB thick, and Borosilicate thick glass).
  • Borosilicate glass also achieves good GSM transmittance for a frequency up to 28 GHz, which is critical for future 5G applications. It is possible to considerably improve the GSM transmittance even with soda-lime glass only by reducing the thickness of the air space. However, the loss of Ug coefficient (thermal insulation property of double glazing), passing from an air space of 16 to 10 mm, is only 0.2 W / m 2 K. In a second series of tests, the transmission of GSM waves is measured through double glazing each consisting of two glazing separated by a vacuum air gap on the one hand, at atmospheric pressure on the other hand, and at through monolithic mineral glass glazing.
  • each glazing is recorded in the table below.
  • the first glazing is designated by I (Glass I) and the second glazing by II (Glass II).
  • the glass is soda-lime (PLC for Planiclear® marketed by the Company Saint-Gobain Glass France), or floated borosilicate.
  • the thicknesses of all the components of each double glazing are indicated in mm.
  • the thickness of the air space and of the second glazing II are indicated equal to 0 by convention.
  • Double glazing 5 and 6 include two laminated glazing consisting of a sheet of glass 2.1 mm thick, glued to a sheet of glass 1.6 mm thick via a layer of PVB 0.76 mm d 'thickness.
  • the minimum transmission in dB of GSM waves between 0.7 and 28 GHz is measured through all these glazing.
  • the transmission of GSM waves is the same for two panes which differ only in that the air space 0.1 mm thick is at atmospheric pressure for one and under vacuum for the other.
  • the transmission of GSM waves is better through glazing based on glass with a lower Fe content (Glazing No. 1, respectively 3, respectively 5) than through the corresponding glazing, differing from them only by the composition of the glass (higher Fe content) (Glazing 2, respectively 4, respectively 6).
  • the minimum transmissions in dB of GSM waves at 2.6, 3.8, 6 and 28 GHz through glazing 1, 3 and 5 above are recorded in the table below. [Table 4]
  • glazing 1 and 3 show that a double glazing with a thin air gap under vacuum (glazing 3) transmits GSM waves almost identically as a monolithic glazing of the same glass as this double glazing and of identical thickness (glazing 1).
  • Glazing No. 5 shows that it is possible, with a glass with a relatively low Fe content, to design a double glazing with two laminated glazing, the high frequency transmission of which, in the context of the invention, is greater than - 5 dB.

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Abstract

L'invention a pour objet - un vitrage isolant à transmission élevée d'ondes GSM, constitué d'un premier et d'un second vitrages parallèles l'un à l'autre, et ayant chacun une épaisseur au plus égale à 10 mm, séparés l'un de l'autre par une lame de gaz, qui a une épaisseur au plus égale à 10 mm; - l'application d'un tel vitrage isolant comme vitrage de véhicule terrestre, aquatique ou aérien, ou comme vitrage de bâtiment.

Description

Description
Titre : Vitrage isolant à transmission élevée d'ondes
GSM
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des doubles vitrages à fonction d'isolation thermique.
A l'heure actuelle, le vitrage isolant thermique standard consiste en un double vitrage (en anglais « Double Glazing Unit » - DGU -), qui consiste habituellement en deux panneaux de verre d'épaisseur variable montés parallèlement l'un à l'autre avec un espacement de 16 mm en général, rempli d'air ou d'un gaz tel qu'argon. Cette configuration permet de minimiser le transfert thermique entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur, réduisant ainsi la perte de chauffage et améliorant le confort thermique et les économies d'énergie.
Dans le secteur des transports, par exemple des trains, les doubles vitrages sont employés comme vitrages latéraux, où ils sont habituellement munis de revêtement(s) pour améliorer les performances énergétiques thermiques, pour le contrôle solaire et la bas-émissivité. Le contrôle solaire est la réflexion et la filtration du rayonnement solaire pour diminuer le réchauffement induit à l'intérieur d'un volume clos, la bas-émissivité est la réflexion du rayonnement thermique d'une enceinte pour en garder la chaleur. Cependant, l'un des inconvénients d'utiliser de tels revêtements hautement sélectifs pour le contrôle solaire et la bas-émissivité est l'atténuation de la fréquence GSM dans la bande de fréquence du GHz. Cela est dû à la présence de plusieurs couches métalliques dans les revêtements, qui grâce à leur conductivité se comportent en parfaits réflecteurs des ondes électromagnétiques de l'ordre du GHz. Dans le domaine des vitrages de véhicules de transport notamment, il existe un besoin d'augmenter les niveaux de transmission des fréquences GSM à travers les doubles vitrages munis de revêtement(s) conducteur(s). A cette fin, il est envisageable de soumettre ce(s) revêtement(s) à une ablation laser partielle.
Selon une approche différente, cet objectif a été atteint par l'invention, qui en conséquence a pour objet un vitrage isolant à transmission élevée d'ondes GSM, constitué d'un premier et d'un second vitrages parallèles l'un à l'autre, et ayant chacun une épaisseur au plus égale à 10 mm, séparés l'un de l'autre par une lame de gaz, caractérisé en ce que la lame de gaz a une épaisseur au plus égale à 10 mm. En diminuant l'épaisseur de la lame de gaz entre les deux vitrages constituant le double vitrage, la fréquence de résonance du système est déplacée, augmentant la transmittance des ondes GSM, en particulier dans la bande de fréquences critique entre 3,4 et 3,8 GHz, en comparaison avec un double vitrage standard ayant une lame de gaz de 16 mm d'épaisseur.
La lame de gaz peut être constituée d'air ou de gaz tel qu'argon, xénon, krypton, ou sous vide. En ce qui concerne les performances d'isolation thermique d'un vitrage isolant fabriqué par le procédé de l'invention, il doit être souligné qu'une diminution de 16 à 10 mm de l'épaisseur d'une lame d'air induit une variation extrêmement limitée du coefficient Ug du vitrage isolant de seulement 0,2 W/m2K.
De préférence, le premier et le second vitrages comprennent des feuilles de matériau polymère et de verre minéral dont la teneur en Fe est au plus égale à 0,1 % en poids. Le premier et le second vitrages sont, indépendamment l'un de l'autre, monolithiques c'est-à-dire constitués d'une seule feuille rigide transparente, ou feuilletés, plus précisément constitués alors de deux feuilles rigides transparentes collées l'une à l'autre par une couche adhésive intercalaire. Une feuille rigide transparente est en matériau polymère tel que polyméthacrylate de méthyle (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyuréthane (PU) par exemple, ou en verre minéral tel que sodocalcique, aluminosilicate, borosilicate... Une couche adhésive intercalaire est par exemple en polyvinylbutyral (PVB), polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU) ou éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA). En employant, pour constituer le premier et/ou le second vitrage(s) du vitrage isolant, du verre minéral dont la teneur en Fe est limitée à 0,1 % en poids au plus, on garantit, par rapport à une teneur plus élevée, une meilleure transmission des ondes GSM entre 3,4 et 3,8 GHz, ainsi que jusqu'à 28 GHz. Du verre borosilicate ou aluminosilicate sont alors, par exemple, bien appropriés. De manière particulièrement préférée, le verre minéral a une teneur en Fe comprise entre 0,01 et 0,099 % en poids.
Dans une réalisation avantageuse du vitrage isolant de l'invention, l'un des premier et second vitrages, ou les deux, a (ont) une épaisseur au plus égale à 5 mm. Cette finesse relative du double vitrage suffit à garantir dans bien des applications la résistance mécanique requise tout en limitant le poids du vitrage. Elle est de plus favorable à la transmission des ondes GSM. De préférence, la lame de gaz est sous vide et d'épaisseur au plus égale à 0,3 mm. Une lame de gaz sous vide aussi fine procure une isolation thermique équivalente à celle d'une lame de gaz à pression atmosphérique beaucoup plus épaisse, ainsi qu'une transmission des ondes GSM proche de celle d'un vitrage massif (monolithique) d'épaisseur égale à l'épaisseur totale des deux vitrages du double vitrage.
Dans une réalisation préférée du vitrage isolant de l'invention, l'un au moins des premier et second vitrages est un vitrage feuilleté constitué de deux feuilles de verre minéral collées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'une couche adhésive intercalaire. Un vitrage feuilleté procure une résistance à la pénétration / effraction pour une épaisseur et un poids surfacique raisonnables.
La couche adhésive intercalaire est alors de préférence choisie parmi les polyvinylbutyral (PVB), polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA).
De préférence, le vitrage isolant comporte au moins une couche mince de contrôle solaire et/ou une couche mince bas-émissive, qui a (ont) été soumise(s) à une ablation laser partielle pour laisser passer les ondes GSM. Les termes « couche mince » se réfèrent à une seule couche, ou bien plus souvent à un empilement de plusieurs couches d'épaisseur (totale) de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de nanomètres au plus. L'empilement comprend souvent une alternance de couches conductrices d'électricité, y compris métalliques, et diélectriques. La fonction de ces couches minces est de réfléchir différents rayonnements thermiques dans l'infra rouge, comme mentionné précédemment (rayonnement solaire, chaleur intérieure d'un volume clos). Ces couches minces ne transmettant pas des ondes électromagnétiques telles que GSM, il est envisageable, selon cette variante du procédé de l'invention, d'en retirer des parties de préférence régulièrement réparties sur toute la surface de la couche mince, par ablation laser, ce qui permet de laisser passer les ondes GSM.
Un autre objet de l'invention consiste en l'application d'un vitrage isolant décrit ci-dessus, comme vitrage de véhicule terrestre, aquatique ou aérien, ou comme vitrage de bâtiment, et en particulier comme vitrage latéral de train. L'invention est illustrée au moyen des exemples de réalisation suivants.
Dans une première série d'essais, on mesure la transmission d'ondes GSM à travers des doubles vitrages constitués chacun de deux vitrages feuilletés séparés par une lame d'air.
La constitution de chaque double vitrage est consignée dans le tableau ci-dessous. Le premier vitrage feuilleté est constitué de deux feuilles de verre désignées par I (Verre I) et II (Verre II) collées l'une à l'autre par du PVB, le second vitrage feuilleté de deux feuilles de verre désignées par III (Verre III) et IV (Verre IV) également collées l'une à l'autre par du PVB. Le verre est sodocacique à défaut de précision, ou borosilicate flotté. Les épaisseurs de tous les constituants de chaque double vitrage sont indiquées en mm.
Tous les doubles vitrages ont une épaisseur totale de
26.25 mm.
[Tableau 1]
La transmission minimale (en dB) des ondes GSM est consignée, par valeurs de domaines de fréquences ou de fréquences discrètes (en GHz), pour chacun des six doubles vitrages, dans le tableau ci-dessous.
[Tableau 2]
Les doubles vitrages « PVB épais » et « verre épais », qui présentent une lame d'air de 10 mm environ, ont une meilleure transmission GSM dans le domaine de fréquences critique de 3.4-3.8 GHz, comparés au double vitrage standard (lame d'air de 14 mm). La situation à cet égard est encore meilleure en remplaçant le verre sodocalcique par du borosilicate flotté (Borosilicate PVB épais, et Borosilicate verre épais).
Le verre borosilicate permet aussi d'atteindre une bonne transmittance GSM pour une fréquence jusqu'à 28 GHz, qui est critique pour les futures applications 5G. II est possible d'améliorer considérablement la transmittance GSM même avec du verre sodocalcique uniquement en diminuant l'épaisseur de la lame d'air. Or la perte de coefficient Ug (propriété d'isolation thermique du double vitrage), en passant d'une lame d'air de 16 à 10 mm, est seulement de 0.2 W/m2K. Dans une deuxième série d'essais, on mesure la transmission d'ondes GSM à travers des doubles vitrages constitués chacun de deux vitrages séparés par une lame d'air sous vide d'une part, à pression atmosphérique d'autre part, et à travers des vitrages en verre minéral monolithique.
La constitution de chaque vitrage est consignée dans le tableau ci-dessous. Pour les doubles vitrages, le premier vitrage est désigné par I (Verre I) et le second vitrage par II (Verre II). Le verre est sodocacique (PLC pour Planiclear® commercialisé par la Société Saint-Gobain Glass France), ou borosilicate flotté. Les épaisseurs de tous les constituants de chaque double vitrage sont indiquées en mm. Pour les vitrages monolithiques, l'épaisseur de la lame d'air et du second vitrage II sont indiquées égales à 0 par convention.
[Tableau 3]
Les doubles vitrages 5 et 6 comprennent deux vitrages feuilletés constitués d'une feuille de verre de 2.1 mm d'épaisseur, collée à une feuille de verre de 1.6 mm d'épaisseur par l'intermédiaire d'une couche de PVB de 0.76 mm d'épaisseur.
On mesure la transmission minimale en dB des ondes GSM entre 0.7 et 28 GHz à travers tous ces vitrages. La transmission des ondes GSM est la même pour deux vitrages ne se différentiant qu'en ce que la lame d'air de 0.1 mm d'épaisseur est à pression atmosphérique pour l'un et sous vide pour l'autre.
La transmission des ondes GSM est meilleure à travers les vitrages à base de verre à plus faible teneur en Fe (Vitrages N° 1, respectivement 3, respectivement 5) qu'à travers les vitrages correspondants, ne se différentiant de ceux-ci que par la composition du verre (teneur supérieure en Fe) (Vitrages 2, respectivement 4, respectivement 6). Sont consignées, dans le tableau ci-dessous, les transmissions minimales en dB des ondes GSM à 2.6, 3.8, 6 et 28 GHz à travers les vitrages 1, 3 et 5 ci-dessus. [Tableau 4]
La comparaison des vitrages 1 et 3 montre qu'un double vitrage avec une fine lame d'air sous vide (vitrage 3) transmet quasiment à l'identique les ondes GSM qu'un vitrage monolithique du même verre que ce double vitrage et d'épaisseur identique (vitrage 1).
Le vitrage N°5 montre qu'il est possible, avec un verre à relativement faible teneur en Fe, de concevoir un double vitrage à deux vitrages feuilletés dont la transmission des hautes fréquences, dans le cadre de l'invention, est supérieure à -5 dB.
En utilisant une lame d'air sous vide de 0.1 mm, on peut obtenir un double vitrage présentant une isolation thermique (coefficient Ug) équivalente à celle d'un double vitrage standard à deux feuilles de verre de 6 et 4 mm, séparées par une lame d'air de 16 mm. Ce vitrage présente de plus une faible atténuation des ondes GSM.

Claims

Revendications
1. Vitrage isolant à transmission élevée d'ondes GSM, constitué d'un premier et d'un second vitrages parallèles l'un à l'autre, et ayant chacun une épaisseur au plus égale à 10 mm, séparés l'un de l'autre par une lame de gaz, caractérisé en ce que la lame de gaz a une épaisseur au plus égale à 10 mm.
2. Vitrage isolant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier et le second vitrages comprennent des feuilles de matériau polymère et de verre minéral dont la teneur en Fe est au plus égale à 0,1 % en poids.
3. Vitrage isolant selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le verre minéral a une teneur en Fe comprise entre 0,01 et 0,099 % en poids.
4. Vitrage isolant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'un des premier et second vitrages a une épaisseur au plus égale à 5 mm.
5. Vitrage isolant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les premier et second vitrages ont une épaisseur au plus égale à 5 mm.
6. Vitrage isolant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la lame de gaz est sous vide et d'épaisseur au plus égale à 0,3 mm.
7. Vitrage isolant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'un au moins des premier et second vitrages est un vitrage feuilleté constitué de deux feuilles de verre minéral collées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'une couche adhésive intercalaire.
8. Vitrage isolant selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche adhésive intercalaire est choisie parmi les polyvinylbutyral (PVB), polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA).
9. Vitrage isolant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une couche mince de contrôle solaire et/ou une couche mince bas- émissive, qui a (ont) été soumise(s) à une ablation laser partielle pour laisser passer les ondes GSM.
10. Application d'un vitrage isolant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comme vitrage de véhicule terrestre, aquatique ou aérien, ou comme vitrage de bâtiment.
EP21718931.5A 2020-03-24 2021-03-15 Procede de fabrication d'un vitrage isolant a transmission elevee d'ondes gsm Pending EP4127372A1 (fr)

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PCT/FR2021/050431 WO2021191526A1 (fr) 2020-03-24 2021-03-15 Procede de fabrication d'un vitrage isolant a transmission elevee d'ondes gsm

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FR3031065B1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2019-08-30 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage feuillete a feuille de verre mince anti-eclat
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