EP4125915A1 - Kombinationstherapie mit einem mutanten idh-hemmer - Google Patents
Kombinationstherapie mit einem mutanten idh-hemmerInfo
- Publication number
- EP4125915A1 EP4125915A1 EP21718410.0A EP21718410A EP4125915A1 EP 4125915 A1 EP4125915 A1 EP 4125915A1 EP 21718410 A EP21718410 A EP 21718410A EP 4125915 A1 EP4125915 A1 EP 4125915A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- cancer
- mutation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to combination therapy with a mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor and one or more of an antimetabolite agent, a hypomethylating agent, and a mutant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) inhibitor, for the treatment of cancer.
- IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Flt3 FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3
- IDH1 and IDH2 are enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to a- ketoglutarate, and reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP + ) to NADPH (Megias-Vericat J, etal ., Blood Lymph. Cancer: Targets and Therapy 2019; 9: 19-32).
- NADP + nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- Neomorphic (de novo) mutations in IDHl e.g, at IDH1 amino acid residue R132, contribute to tumorigenesis in several types of cancer, including solid tumor cancers and hematologic malignancies (Badur MG, et al ., Cell Reports 2018; 25: 1680).
- IDHl mutations can result in high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which inhibits cellular differentiation, and inhibitors of mutant IDHl can reduce 2-HG levels, which promotes cellular differentiation (Molenaar RJ, et al., Oncogene 2018; 37: 1949-1960). Mutations also occur in IDH2, e.g, at amino acid residues R172, R140 and R172 (Yang H, etal, Clin. Cancer. Res. 2012; 18: 5562-5571; Mondesir J, etal, J. Blood Med. 2016; 7: 171- 180).
- AML acute myeloid leukemia
- AML acute myeloid leukemia
- Induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline (“7 + 3”) has been the standard of care for more than 4 decades for subjects with newly diagnosed AML.
- CR complete remission
- IDHl resistance mutations are observed in 7-14% of AML subjects, and the associated high 2-HG level can result in an epigenetic hyper-methylation phenotype and a block in differentiation, resulting in leukemogenesis (Megias-Vericat J, et al., Blood Lymph. Cancer: Targets and Therapy 2019; 9: 19-3).
- mutations in the Flt3 kinase are observed in approximately one third of AML subjects (Lee HJ, et al., Oncotarget 2018; 9: 924-936).
- mutant IDHl and IDH2 inhibitors are disclosed in WO 2018/111707 Al, including a compound defined herein as “Compound A,” which is a covalent inhibitor of mutant IDHl that modifies a single cysteine (Cys269) in an allosteric binding pocket, rapidly inactivates the enzyme, and selectively inhibits 2-HG production, without affecting (a-KG) levels (WO 2018/111707 Al).
- the present invention provides a method of treating cancer, comprising administering to a human cancer subject having an IDH mutation a therapeutically effective amount of
- R 1 is -CH 2 CH(CH )2, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, or -CH 2 -cyclopropyl;
- R 2 is -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 ;
- X is N or CH; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- the IDH mutation is an IDHl mutation or an IDH2 mutation.
- the IDH mutation is an IDHl mutation.
- the IDHl mutation is an IDHl R132 mutation.
- the IDHl mutation is R132H.
- the IDHl mutation is R132C, R132G, R132L, or R132S.
- the IDHl R132 mutation is R132H.
- the IDHl mutation is R132C.
- the IDHl mutation is R132G.
- the IDHl mutation is R132L.
- the IDHl mutation is R132S.
- the IDH mutation is an IDH2 mutation. In another embodiment, the IDH2 mutation is an IDH2 R140 mutation or an IDH2 R172 mutation.
- the IDH2 mutation is an R140 mutation. In another embodiment, the R140 mutation is R140Q, R140L, or R140W. In another embodiment, the IDH2 mutation is an R172 mutation. In another embodiment, the R172 mutation is R172K, R172M, R172G, R172S orR172W.
- X in the first compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, X is N. In another embodiment, in the first compound, X is N, R 1 is -CH2-cyclopropyl, and R 2 is -CH2CH3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, in the first compound, X is N, R 1 is -CH2-cyclopropyl, and R 2 is -CH2CH3.
- the first compound is:
- the first compound is 7-[[(lS)-l-[4-[(lS)-2-cyclopropyl- 1 -(4-prop-2-enoylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethyl]phenyl]ethyl]amino]- 1 -ethyl-4H-pyrimido[4, 5- d] [ 1 ,3 ]oxazin-2-one.
- the first compound is: Compound A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the first compound is Compound A.
- the subject is identified as having an IDHl mutation, e.g, an R132 IDHl mutation.
- the subject is identified as having an IDH2 mutation, e.g., an IDH2 R172, R140 or R172 mutation.
- the subject is identified as having an IDH mutation in tissue.
- the cancer is a hematologic malignancy
- the subject is identified as having an IDH mutation in blood, bone marrow, lymph node or lymphatic fluid.
- the subject is identified as having an IDH mutation in blood cells, bone marrow cells, lymph node cells, or lymphatic fluid cells.
- the cancer is a solid tumor cancer
- the subject is identified as having an IDHl mutation in solid tumor tissue.
- the subject is identified as having an IDH mutation in solid tumor tissue cells.
- the human subject prior to the administration of the mutant Flt3 inhibitor, had been identified as having a Flt3 mutation.
- the Flt3 mutation is a Flt3 internal tandem (Flt3-ITD) mutation.
- the Flt3 mutation is a Flt3 tyrosine kinase domain (Flt3-TKD) mutation.
- the Flt3 mutation is a Flt3 D835 mutation.
- the first compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered before the second compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the first compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered after the second compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the first compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is co-formulated with the second compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the cancer is a solid tumor cancer.
- the solid tumor cancer is cholangiocarcinoma, head & neck cancer, chondrosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioma, glioblastoma, bladder carcinoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, or sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.
- the lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer.
- the lung cancer is non small cell lung cancer, and an a-KR G12C inhibitor and/or an EGFR inhibitor is also administered.
- the solid tumor is cholangiocarcinoma.
- radiation therapy is also administered to the subject.
- the cancer is a hematologic malignancy.
- the hematologic malignancy is AML, myelodysplastic syndrome myeloproliferative neoplasm, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, or chronic myelogenous leukemia.
- the hematologic malignancy is AML.
- the second compound is an antimetabolite agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the antimetabolite agent is cytarabine, 5- fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-mercaptourine (6-MP), capecitabine, floxuridine, fludarabine, gemcitabine, hydroxycarbamide, methotrexate, pemetrexed, or phototrexate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of them.
- the antimetabolite agent is cytarabine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the anti-metabolite agent is cytarabine.
- the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is cytarabine.
- the cancer is AML, the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is cytarabine.
- the cancer is cholangiocarcinoma, the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is cytarabine.
- the second compound is a hypomethylating agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the hypomethylating agent is azacitidine (5- azacitidine), 5-aza-2’-deoxycitidine (Decitabine), guadecitabine (SGI-110), 5-fluor-2’- deoxycitidine, zebularine, CP-4200, RG108, nanaomycin A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of them.
- the hypomethylating agent is azacitidine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the hypomethylating agent is azacitidine.
- the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is azacitidine.
- the cancer is AML, the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is azacitidine.
- the cancer is cholangiocarcinoma, the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is azacitidine.
- the first compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered with a hypomethylating agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a Bcl-2 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the first compound of Formula I is administered with a hypomethylating agent and a Bcl-2 inhibitor.
- the Bcl-2 inhibitor is venetoclax, obatoclax, navitoclax, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of them.
- the Bcl-2 inhibitor is venetoclax, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the Bcl-2 inhibitor is venetoclax.
- Compound A is administered with a hypomethylating agent and a Bcl-2 inhibitor. In another embodiment, Compound A is administered with azacitidine and venetoclax. In another embodiment, the cancer is AML, and Compound A is administered with azacitidine and venetoclax. In another embodiment, the cancer is cholangiocarcinoma, and Compound A is administered with azacitidine and venetoclax.
- the second compound is a mutant Flt3 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the mutant Flt3 inhibitor is midostaurin, gilteritinib, quizartinib (AC220), sorafenib, sunitinib, lestaurtinib, or crenolanib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of them.
- the mutant Flt3 inhibitor is midostaurin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the mutant Flt3 inhibitor is midostaurin.
- the first compound is Compound A and the second compound is midostaurin.
- the cancer is AML, the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is midostaurin.
- the cancer is cholangiocarcinoma, the first compound is Compound A, and the second compound is midostaurin.
- Compound A is administered with an antimetabolite agent and a hypomethylating agent.
- Compound A is administered with an antimetabolite agent and a mutant Flt3 inhibitor.
- Compound A is administered with a hypomethylating agent and a mutant Flt3 inhibitor.
- Compound A is administered with an antimetabolite agent, a hypomethylating agent and a mutant Flt3 inhibitor.
- the present invention also provides a compound of Formula I:
- R 1 is -CH 2 CH(CH )2, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, or -CHz-cyclopropyl;
- R 2 is -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 ;
- X is N or CH; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; for use in combination with one or more of an antimetabolite agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a hypomethylating agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a mutant Flt3 inhibitor; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the treatment of cancer in a human subject having an IDH mutation.
- the subject is identified with an IDH mutation, e.g ., an IDHl or ID2 mutation, in blood, bone marrow, lymph node, lymphatic fluid, blood cells, bone marrow cells, lymph node cells or lymphatic fluid cells.
- an IDH mutation e.g ., an IDHl or ID2 mutation
- a compound of Formula I is used in combination with a hypomethylating agent (e.g, azacitidine), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a Bcl-2 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the treatment of cancer in a human subject identified as having an IDHl R132 mutation.
- a hypomethylating agent e.g, azacitidine
- Bcl-2 inhibitor e.g., azacitidine
- the IDH mutation is an IDHl mutation or an IDH2 mutation. In another embodiment, the IDH mutation is an IDHl mutation. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is an IDHl R132 mutation. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132H, R132C, R132G, R132L, or R132S. In another embodiment, the IDHl R132 mutation is R132H. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132C.
- the IDHl mutation is R132G. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132L. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132S.
- the IDH mutation is an IDH2 mutation. In another embodiment, the IDH2 mutation is an IDH2 R140 mutation or an IDH2 R172 mutation.
- the IDH2 mutation is an R140 mutation. In another embodiment, the R140 mutation is R140Q, R140L, or R140W. In another embodiment, the IDH2 mutation is an R172 mutation. In another embodiment, the R172 mutation is R172K, R172M, R172G, R172S orR172W.
- the subject is identified as having an IDH mutation, e.g ., an IDHl or IDH2 mutation.
- X is N, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; it is preferred that R 1 is -CH2-cyclopropyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; it is preferred that R 2 is -CH2CH3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; it is preferred that X is N and R 1 is -CH2- cyclopropyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; it is preferred that R 1 is -CH2- cyclopropyl and R 2 is -CH2CH3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; it is more preferred that X is N, R 1 is -QHh-cyclopropyl, and R 2 is -CH2CH3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; it is most preferred that X is N, R 1 is -QHh-cyclopropyl, and R 2 is -CH2CH3.
- Preferred compounds are:
- the first compound is:
- the first compound is Compound A.
- Novel methods for use of the combination of a compound of Formula I and one or more of an anti-metabolite, a hypomethylating agent, or a mutant Flt3 inhibitor to treat cancer are presented herein. Accordingly, some aspects of the present invention provide for a compound of Formula I for use in simultaneous, separate, or sequential combination with one or more of an anti-metabolite, a hypomethylating agent, or a mutant Flt3 inhibitor in the treatment of cancer in a subject as having an IDH mutation, e.g, an IDHl or IDH2 mutation.
- an IDH mutation e.g, an IDHl or IDH2 mutation.
- the IDH mutation is an IDHl mutation or an IDH2 mutation. In another embodiment, the IDH mutation is an IDHl mutation. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is an IDHl R132 mutation. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132H, R132C, R132G, R132L, or R132S. In another embodiment, the IDH1 R132 mutation is R132H. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132C.
- the IDHl mutation is R132G. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132L. In another embodiment, the IDHl mutation is R132S.
- the IDH mutation is an IDH2 mutation. In another embodiment, the IDH2 mutation is an IDH2 R140 mutation or an IDH2 R172 mutation.
- the IDH2 mutation is an R140 mutation. In another embodiment, the R140 mutation is R140Q, R140L, or R140W. In another embodiment, the IDH2 mutation is an R172 mutation. In another embodiment, the R172 mutation is R172K, R172M, R172G, R172S orR172W.
- the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, for use in combination with one or more of an antimetabolite agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a hypomethylating agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a mutant Flt3 inhibitor; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in treating cancer in a human subject identified as having an IDH mutation.
- the IDH mutation is identified in blood cells, bone marrow cells, or blood and bone marrow cells.
- the present invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula I, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in a human subject having an IDH mutation, e.g., an IDHl or IDH2 mutation.
- the subject is identified with the IDH mutation, in blood, bone marrow, lymph node, lymphatic fluid, blood cells, bone marrow cells, lymph node cells or lymphatic fluid cells, wherein the compound of Formula I for use in the manufacture of a medicament is administered in combination with one or more of an antimetabolite agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a hypomethylating agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a mutant Flt3 inhibitor; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the cancer is frontline cancer.
- the frontline cancer is a solid tumor cancer.
- the frontline cancer is hematologic malignancy.
- the frontline hematologic malignancy is frontline AML.
- the cancer is relapsed cancer.
- the relapsed cancer is a solid tumor cancer.
- the relapsed cancer is hematologic malignancy.
- the relapsed hematologic malignancy is relapsed AML.
- the cancer is refractory cancer.
- the refractory cancer is a solid tumor cancer.
- the refractory cancer is hematologic malignancy.
- the refractory hematologic malignancy is refractory AML.
- the cancer is advanced cancer.
- the advanced cancer is an advanced solid tumor cancer.
- the advanced cancer is an advanced hematologic malignancy.
- the advanced hematologic malignancy is advanced AML.
- the AML is acute promyelocytic leukemia.
- hematologic tissue refers to blood, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, or lymphatic fluid.
- solid tumor tissue refers to tissue that is not hematologic tissue.
- Non limiting examples of solid tissue are cholangial tissue, pancreatic tissue, head tissue, neck tissue, hepatic tissue, skin tissue, astrocytomal tissue, oligodendroglial tissue, glial tissue, brain tissue, bladder tissue, colorectal tissue, lung tissue, and sinonasal undifferentiated cancer tissue.
- solid tumor cancer means that the cancer originated in a tissue that is not blood or bone marrow.
- hematologic malignancy relates to cancer that originated in the blood, bone marrow, lymph node or lymphatic fluid.
- frontline cancer means that the human cancer subject has never been treated for the cancer being treated.
- rear cancer refers to cancer that has been treated, but the human cancer subject did not respond to treatment.
- relapsed cancer means that the human cancer subject responded to treatment for a period of time, but that the cancer has reoccurred.
- advanced cancer refers to cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or to other tissues outside of the cancer’s point of origin.
- advanced AML is AML that has spread to a tissue outside of the blood or the bone marrow.
- cancer subject means a subject who has been diagnosed with cancer.
- solid tumor subject means a subject who has been diagnosed with a solid tumor cancer.
- the solid tumor cancer is cholangiocarcinoma.
- hematologic malignancy subject means a subject who has been diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy.
- the hematologic malignancy subject is an AML subject.
- AML subject means a subject who has been diagnosed with AML. Methods for diagnosing AML are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, e.g ., in Dohner H, el al ., Blood 2017 ; 129: 424-447.
- acute myeloid leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia
- acute nonlymphocytic leukemia acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
- “Responsiveness to hematologic malignancy (e.g, AML) treatment” includes improvement in overall survival, partial response, long-term stable disease, or improvement in long-term survival characterized as complete remission (determined by less than 5% myeloblasts in bone marrow, the absence of circulating blasts, hematologic recovery (as evidenced by a peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count greater than 1,000 cells/ pL and a platelet count greater than 100,000/pL, without the need for red blood cell transfusion, and the absence of extramedullary disease) (Bloomfield CD, etal., Blood Revs. 2018; 32: 416-425).
- IDHl R132 mutation is synonymous with “R132 IDHl mutation,” and refers to an IDHl mutation at amino acid residue 132 in a subject’s IDHl gene, as determined, e.g, in the subject’s nucleic acid (e.g., DNA).
- Flt3 mutation refers to a mutation in a subject’s Flt3 gene.
- mutant IDH inhibitor refers to a compound that inhibits the enzyme activity of and/or the production of 2-HG by a mutant IDH enzyme. Methods for assaying mutant IDHl and IDH2 enzyme activity are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., in WO 2018/111707 Al. In the term “mutant IDH inhibitor, the word “mutant” refers to the IDH gene, not the inhibitor.
- mutant Flt3 inhibitor refers to a compound that inhibits mutant F13 kinase activity. Methods for assaying mutant Flt3 activity are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., in Lee HJ, et al., Oncotarget 2018; 9: 924-936. In the term “mutant Flt3 inhibitor,” the word “mutant” refers to the Flt3 protein, not to the inhibitor compound.
- the term “identified as having an IDH mutation,” e.g., an IDHl or IDH2 mutation means that nucleic acid (e.g, DNA) from a human subject’s tissue or cells has been analyzed to determine if the human subject has an IDH mutation.
- nucleic acid e.g, DNA
- the human subject’ s blood, bone marrow, lymph node, lymphatic fluid, blood cells, bone marrow cells, lymph node cells, or lymphatic fluid cells has been analyzed for an IDH mutation.
- the human subject’s solid tissue has been analyzed for an IDH mutation.
- Bcl-2 inhibitor is a compound that binds to Bcl-2, and results in one or more of cytotoxicity in cancer cells, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in cancer cells, mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells, and apoptosis in cancer cells. Methods for determining those effects are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, e.g, in Wen M, et al., Front. Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 391.
- the party who identifies the human subject as having an IDHl R132 mutation can be different than the party that administers the first and second compounds. In another embodiment, the party who identifies the human subject as having an IDHl R132 mutation is different than the party that administers the first and second compounds. In another embodiment, the party who identifies the human subject as having an IDHl R132 mutation is the same as the party that administers the first and second compounds.
- nucleic acid e.g, DNA
- blood cells bone marrow cells, or blood cells and bone marrow cell had been analyzed to determine if the human subject has one or more Flt3 mutations.
- treatment are meant to include slowing, stopping, or reversing the progression of cancer. These terms also include alleviating, ameliorating, attenuating, eliminating, or reducing one or more symptoms of a disorder or condition, even if the cancer is not actually eliminated and even if progression of the cancer is not itself slowed, stopped or reversed.
- “Therapeutically effective amount” means the amount of a compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, administered to the subject that will elicit the biological or medical response of or desired therapeutic effect on a subject.
- a therapeutically effective amount can be readily determined by the attending clinician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances.
- determining the effective amount for a subject a number of factors are considered by the attending clinician, including, but not limited to: size, age, and general health of the individual subject; the specific disease or disorder involved; the degree of or involvement or the severity of the disease or disorder; the response of the individual subject; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances.
- the term “in combination with” means that a compound of Formula I is used, or is for use, in simultaneous, separate, or sequential combination with any one or more of an antimetabolite agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a hypomethylating agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with a Bcl- 2 inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a mutant Flt3 inhibitor; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the treatment of cancer in a human subject having an IDH mutation.
- the compounds administered in the method of the invention can optionally be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions administered by any route which makes the compounds bioavailable. In an embodiment, such compositions are formulated for oral administration.
- Such pharmaceutical compositions and processes for preparing the same are well known in the art. (See, e.g. , Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (D.B. Troy, Editor, 21st Edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2006).
- a "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient” is a medium generally accepted in the art for the delivery of biologically active agents to mammals, e.g., humans.
- compounds administered in the method of the invention are capable of forming salts.
- the compounds react with any of a number of inorganic and organic acids to form pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
- Such pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and common methodology for preparing them are well known in the art. See, e.g., P. Stahl, et al., HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL SALTS: PROPERTIES, SELECTION AND USE, (VCHA/Wiley-VCH, 2008).
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” or “a pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic salt or salts of the compounds of the present invention (S.M. Berge, etal., “Pharmaceutical Salts”, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 66, No. 1, January 1977).
- each test article is prepared at an appropriate concentration with vehicle.
- Compound A is formulated in Acacia vehicle (water, 10% Acacia, 0.05% Antifoam [Dow Corning 1510-US]) with 1.1 molar equivalents HC1.
- Compound A is prepared fresh at the appropriate concentrations with vehicle every 7 days and stored at 4°C between doses.
- Midostaurin Medchem Express, batch/Lot#23950 is formulated in 20% PEG400 in water and prepared fresh weekly (stored at 4 °C between doses).
- Cytarabine is prepared fresh weekly by dilution with sterile saline from stock solution of Cytarabine (injection 20mg/mL, (Pfizer injectables’)).
- Azacitidine (Sigma, Lot# MKBR7212) is formulated in sterile water and is prepared fresh daily immediately before dosing.
- AML models are established following tail vein injection of primary human AML cells into female NOD SCID Gamma (NSG, NOD.Cg- Prkdcscid I12rgtmlWjl/SzJ [Jackson Labs# 005557]) mice (6 to 7 weeks of age).
- IDH1(R132H), NRas(Q61H) primary human AML IDH1(R132H), Flt3-ITD primary human AML.
- splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice are used to propagate and expand the models, as described.
- Each test article is prepared as described above at an appropriate concentration with vehicle to give animals the doses tested in this study at a dosing volume of 10 pL/gram body weight.
- Mice receiving Compound A (PO, QD) are treated at the indicated doses for the duration of the study.
- the combination agents are dosed as follows: Midostaurin 50 mg/kg PO, QD (53 days, starting 7 days after Compound A dose start), Cytarabine 2 mg/kg IP [(QD x 5, rest 2) x 2] rest 14d and repeat (2 cycles, beginning at Compound A dose start), Azacitidine 1 mg/kg IP [(QD x 5, rest 2) x 2] rest 14d and repeat (2 cycles, beginning at Compound A dose start).
- Treated mice are assessed in comparison to vehicle treated and naive (non-tumor bearing) control mice. Body weight is recorded twice per week.
- Plasma samples are collected biweekly by submandibular bleed, into K-EDTA blood collection tubes over the course of the study and analysis performed by FACS to monitor differentiation state and leukemic burden in the study mice (plasma is collected for 2-HG analysis periodically over the course of the study).
- plasma collection fifty to seventy pL of whole blood is aliquoted into 1.5 mL microfuge tubes for each subject and spun at 300 x g for 8 minutes (4°C). Ten pL of plasma is collected and transferred to new 1.5 mL microfuge tubes and frozen at -80°C for 2-HG LCMS analysis. Inhibition of 2-HG production is monitored by assessment of plasma 2-HG using plasma from vehicle treated, and naive mice as controls.
- AML PDx model propagation Mice implanted with human IDH1(R132H) AML cells are identified with advanced disease progression by flow cytometry of whole blood samples in the patient-derived IDH1(R132H) leukemia models. Spleens are processed and splenocytes isolated as described below. Two hundred pL per subject of the splenocyte prep is injected IV (intravenous, tail vein) into recipient NSG mice.
- mice (10e 6 -25e 6 viable white cells per mL, 2e 6 -5e 6 per mouse, is used to propagate the models). Progression is monitored by flow cytometry analysis, once every four weeks until AML is identified in the peripheral blood (>0.2% human AML cells (%hCD33+hCD45+ of total white blood cells)(WBCs)). Once engraftment is confirmed, the mice are monitored biweekly until ready to be put on study. The mice are randomized and the study is initiated when the mean % human AML (of total WBCs) reaches 2-8%.
- Submandibular blood is collected.
- Spleen/Splenocyte Processing and Prep After excision, a spleen is weighed, and 3 ⁇ 4 of the spleen is placed in a standard sterile 15 mL polypropylene conical tube containing PBS, and placed on ice. The remaining 1 ⁇ 4 of the spleen is fixed in 10% NBF and delivered to pathology. The spleen is placed in ice cold sterile PBS in a 15 mL collection tube. The spleen is removed from the collection tube and placed in a 100 micron 50 mL conical tube cell strainer (BD Falcon# 352360).
- the spleen is processed by gentle rubbing of the spleen tissue against the surface of the cell strainer with the end of a 5 mL syringe plunger in a circular motion.
- the surface of the strainer is rinsed with 10 mL room temperature sterile DPBS (HyClone SH30028) 3 times during the process.
- a final rinse of the strainer is performed and the cell prep is mixed up and down 15 times, using a 10 mL sterile serological pipette.
- the cell pellet is collected by centrifugation (300 x g) and washed three times with 30 mL sterile DPBS.
- the cells are counted and resuspended in DPBS at the desired implant concentration.
- Bone Marrow Collection Bone Marrow is collected from the tibia and femur, using a 27G to 25G needle with 1 mL syringe, containing 1 mL of PBS.
- the samples are incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature, protected from light. After the incubation, 1.5 mL IX BD Lyse/Fix (37°C, (BD#558049)) is added to each sample and incubated for 12 minutes at room temperature. The tubes are centrifuged at 300 x g for 7 minutes. BD Lyse/Fix solution is aspirated and the cell pellet washed with stain/wash buffer 3 times (1 wash step consisted of: pellet resuspended in 3 mL stain/wash buffer, centrifuged at 300 x g, aspirated wash). Fixed cells are then resuspended in 300 to 400 pL stain/wash buffer.
- Samples are analyzed on a Becton Dickinson FACSVerse Flow cytometer (Cat#651155 Serial#Z6511550447) using standard flow cytometry principles and techniques. Samples are analyzed on the same day as they are stained and fixed. Population gating and data analysis of percent population are performed in the FACSuite software on the FACSVerse cytometer.
- Percent population values from the data analysis are plotted in Graphpad Prism or in JMP13. If an animal succumbs to disease or if blood is unable to be obtained for technical reasons on any given day, a data point will be absent for that day and is thus not determined (ND).
- LC-MS metabolite analysis in plasma of AML PDx model The effects of IDHl inhibition on the concentrations of total 2-HG and a-KG are determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of plasma. Calibration curves are prepared by spiking 2-HG and a-KG into water. The method utilized derivatization with O-benzylhydroxylamine prior to analysis by LC-MS. Ten microliters of each standard or sample is placed into a deep-well 96-well plate and combined with 100 pL of internal standard solution containing 10 pM d5 -3 -hydroxy glutarate and 10 pM d6-a-KG.
- Plasma samples are then treated with 210uL 4:3 methanol: chloroform centrifuged and the supernatant is removed and dried.
- 100 uL of 1 M O-benzyl-hydroxylamine in pyridine buffer (8.6% pyridine, pH 5) and 100 uL of 1 M N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) in pyridine buffer is added to each sample.
- EDC N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
- the derivatization reaction proceeds at room temperature for one hour.
- Using a Beckman Biomek FX liquid handler 300 pL of ethyl acetate is added to each sample.
- Mobile phase A is 0.1% formic acid in water and mobile phase B is methanol.
- the gradient profile is: 0 minutes, 5% B; 2 minutes, 100% B; 4.00 minutes, 100% B; 4.1 minutes, 5% B; 5.50 minutes, stop.
- the mass spectrometer utilizes a HESI-II probe operated in positive ion selected reaction monitoring mode.
- Calibration curves are constructed by plotting analyte concentrations vs. analyte/internal standard peak area ratios and performing a quadratic fit of the data using a 1 /concentration weighting with XcaliburTM software. Analyte concentrations for the unknowns are back-calculated from the calibration curves.
- Tables 1 A- 1D are obtained for the combination of Compound A and cytarabine. Each column is data from one animal.
- the % plasma AML cells is:
- A vehicle (86%); B: Compound A (39%); C: cytarabine (5.2%); and E: Compound A + cytarabine (0.48%) (p ⁇ 0.001).
- Each column is data from one animal.
- the % AML cell differentiation is: A: vehicle (10%); B: Compound A (37%); C: cytarabine (8%); and E: Compound A + cytarabine (71%) (p ⁇ 0.001).
- the % plasma 2-HG is: A: vehicle (100%);
- the % plasma AML cells is:
- A vehicle (71%); B: Compound A (52%); G: azacitidine (22%); and H: Compound A + azacitidine (9.7%) (p ⁇ 0.023).
- Each column is data from one animal.
- the % AML cell differentiation is: A: vehicle (15%); B: Compound A (37%); G: azacitidine (10%); and H: Compound A + azacitidine (59%) (p ⁇ 0.001).
- the % bone marrow AML clearance is:
- A: vehicle (100%); B: Compound A (-15%); G: azacitidine (48%); and H: Compound A + azacitidine (-9.6 %) (p 0.1714).
- Each column is data from one animal.
- the % plasma AML cells is:
- the % plasma AML cells is:
- A vehicle (67%); C: 10 mg Compound A (1.1%); F: midostaurin (2.2% ); and L: 10 mg Compound A + midostaurin (0.56%) (p ⁇ 0.001).
- the % plasma AML cells is: A: vehicle (129%); C: 10 mg Compound A (0.66%); F: midostaurin (3.9% ); and L: 10 mg Compound A + midostaurin (0.25%) (p ⁇ 0.001).
- Each column is data from one animal.
- the % AML cell differentiation is: A: vehicle (28%); B: 1 mg Compound A (43%); F: midostaurin (33%); and I: 1 mg Compound A + midostaurin (81%) (p ⁇ 0.001).
- the % AML cell differentiation is: A: vehicle (28%); C: 10 mg Compound A (79%); F: midostaurin (33%); and L: 10 mg Compound A + midostaurin (80%) ip 0.776).
- the % bone marrow AML clearance is:
- the % plasma 2-HG is: A: vehicle (100%);
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