EP4125859A1

EP4125859A1 - Active substances for medical use

Info

Publication number: EP4125859A1
Application number: EP21720700.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Susanne Vogelsang; Beatrice Engert
Original assignee: Inflamed Pharma GmbH
Current assignee: Inflamed Pharma GmbH
Priority date: 2020-04-02
Filing date: 2021-04-02
Publication date: 2023-02-08
Also published as: AU2021245379A1; JP2023520524A; WO2021198504A1; CA3174547A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an amine (AM) according to general formula (I); a carboxylic acid adduct (KA) and a pharmaceutical composition (PZ) for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and for use in the therapy of viral diseases.

Description

Active ingredients for medical use

TECHNICAL AREA

The subject of the present invention relates to an amine (AM) according to the general formula (I); a carbonic acid adduct (KA) and a pharmaceutical composition (PZ) for use in the treatment of atypical pneumomy and in the therapy of viral diseases.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Procaine and structurally related compounds according to the general formula (I) are used as local anesthetics. Oral application for systematic pain reduction is not possible because procaine hydrochloride cannot pass through the intestinal wall due to its ionic structure. Procaine hydrochloride is only used significantly parenterally. The procaine is practically unchanged in the stomach when administered orally. The higher the pH, the higher the rate of adsorption of procaine in the intestine.

Carbonic acid adducts of procaine and structurally related local anesthetics are outwardly neutral and therefore pass through the membrane and can also pass through the intestinal wall. Due to the better penetration into the tissue, procaine in the form of the carbonic acid adducts eludes the rapid breakdown by the pseudocholinesterase in the plasma. Therefore, carbonic acid adducts of procaine and structurally related local anesthetics can be used in a more versatile way than procaine hydrochloride.

WO2006 / 007835 A2 discloses ammonium salts and stable storable ammonium salt-mineral salt clathrates with acidic dibasic acid residues such as hydrogen carbonate, processes for their production and pharmaceutical-medical and chemically synthetic applications for these compounds. The use of procaine and structurally related local anesthetics or of carbonic acid adducts thereof in the treatment of atypical pneumomy is not disclosed.

The aim of the application DE 10 2013 015 035 A1, which refers directly to WO2006 / 007835 A2, is to improve some of the disadvantages of the above-described procainium carbonic acid mineral salt clusters by developing suitable formulations so that they are suitable for use with medicinal products and thus higher demands in terms of stability, effectiveness and Acceptance suffice. For this purpose, a process for the production of carbonic acid mineral salt clusters of procaine is described, as well as its use in formulations for parenteral administration, inhalation solutions, ointments and tablets. Analogously to WO2006 / 007835 A2, the document discloses that both salt and CO ₂ are present in the reaction solution during the production of the procainium carbonic acid mineral salt clusters. DE 102013 015 035 A1 also does not disclose the use of procaine and structurally related local anesthetics or carbonic acid adducts thereof in the treatment of atypical pneumonia.

WO2019048590 likewise discloses carbonic acid adducts based on amines, in particular also on procaine and structurally related local anesthetics, as well as pharmaceutical preparations thereof and processes for their production. Medical uses of the carbon adducts are also disclosed, but not use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia.

Atypical pneumonia refers to inflammation of the alveolar space and / or the interstitial lung tissue, which can be triggered by viruses, bacteria or fungi, among other things. When there is inflammation [1], adrenaline is released, which leads to a narrowing of the arterioles and dilatation of venules. Then the exudation takes place. The walls of the capillaries become more permeable for protein and neutrophils to pass through. An inflammatory swelling develops. The permeability of the vascular walls is increased by vascular mediators such as histamine, prostaglandins, kinins and serotonin, so that blood congestion occurs. The nerve endings are irritated by the increased tissue pressure, peptides and lactic acid, it hurts. Now the cellular reaction sets in, i.e. neutrophils emerge from the vessels and arrive mainly through chemotaxis (acidic milieu) to the location of the stimulus or damage. Phagocytosis occurs. The resulting decay products can trigger a fever and cause pus. Furthermore, mast cells are increasingly washed ashore in the inflamed tissue.

A sometimes fatal complication, especially in connection with atypical pneumonia, is based on an excessive immune reaction, which can lead to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2]. The increase in the permeability of the vessels and the damage to the lungs in the course of the inflammation lead to the formation of an interstitial pulmonary edema. Inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 trigger the immigration of neutrophils. These release free radicals such as O, H ₂ 0 ₂ , OH and HOCI and lytic enzymes that further intensify the inflammatory reaction. Under the influence of the inflammatory medidators, one occurs pronounced “capillary leak”, which leads to the formation of alveolar edema. This destroys the surfactant on the alveolar surfaces, leading to microelectasis. This disrupts the gas exchange between the lungs and blood.

S. Pecher et al. [3] discloses that local anesthetics such as lidocaine have an anti-inflammatory effect. Pecher et al. cite studies by Mikawa et al. on rabbits incubated with E. coli and given lidocaine. It turned out that the administration of lidocaine leads to an increase in p _a 0 ₂ and improved lung mechanics in the sense of improved compliance and reduced resistance. In addition, there was a reduced severity of pulmonary edema compared to a comparison group. Fewer leukocytes and a lower albumin content in the lidocaine group were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The formation of hemorrhages, alveolar septum thickening and the number of inflammatory cells in the alveolar space could be visibly reduced by lidocaine. However, S. Pecher does not disclose the use of procaine and structurally related local anesthetics or carbonic acid adducts thereof in the treatment of atypical pneumonia, particularly viral or fungal atypical pneumonia.

Research activities around the world are in full swing to find drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 diseases. It is already becoming apparent that there will be no such thing as “the one medication”, as the courses are very different and the phase of the disease also plays an important role in the choice of drug treatment. In the early phase, the focus is on avoiding penetration and reducing virus replication. In the second and third phases, reducing the inflammation and thus preventing the cytokine storm is of greatest importance. The generalized inflammatory process (especially in blood vessels) is currently moving more and more into the center of the pathophysiology of a Covid-19 infection. However, it also opens up therapy options, in addition to the use of vaccines as a preventive measure and specific antiviral treatment strategies, which are rare. In addition, substances that are directed against the viruses themselves usually cause resistance to develop quickly, so that the substances become ineffective. Therefore, new antiviral strategies target virus-supporting cellular factors that are used by the viruses to support their own replication and spread. Further points of attack are the inhibition of excessive immune reactions or the active dissolution of inflammatory processes. In view of the recent pandemic triggered by the Sars-CoV-2 virus and the sometimes fatal course, including the formation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it is clear that there is further need for therapeutics that help at least a milder course atypical pneumonia, especially the atypical pneumonia caused by viruses and fungi. There is also a need for further antiviral substances, in particular for the treatment of COVID-19 diseases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an amine (AM) according to the general formula (I)

(I), where in formula (I)

Ri is H, (Ci-io) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl or (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl, preferably H or (Ci-io) alkyl, more preferably H. ;

R ₂ is H, (CMO alkyl), (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl or (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl, preferably H or (Ci-io) alkyl, more preferably H;

R ₃ is - (CH ₂ ) _n NR ₈ R ₉ ; n is 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2,

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₄ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -C ₁₀ ) heteroaryl or -0 (Ci.io) alkyl, preferably H. , Halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (CMO) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen; R ₅ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O- (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H. , Halogen, (Ci_io) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci_ io) alkyl;

R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci_io) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0- (Ci_ io) alkyl; where the amine according to formula (I) can optionally also be used in the form of a salt, for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising at least one structural element according to the general formula (II), (III) and / or (IV) where in formula (II), (III), and (IV)

R ₂ is H, (CMO alkyl), (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl or (C5-C10) heteroaryl, preferably H or (Ci-io) alkyl, more preferably H;

R ₃ is - (CH ₂ ) _n NR ₈ R ₉ ; n is 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2, R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl; R ₄ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -0 (Ci. ₁₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen , (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (C _MO ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₅ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O- (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H. , Halogen, (Ci_io) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci_ io) alkyl;

R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci_ io) alkyl; x is 0.5 to 30;

(S) is a salt. for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising carbonic acid, at least one amine (AM) according to the general formula (I) and at least one salt (S), where in formula (I) Ri is H, (Ci-io) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl or (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl, preferably H or (Ci-io) alkyl, more preferably H. ;

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₄ is H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -0 (Ci. Io) alkyl, preferably H. , Halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (CMO) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₅ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O- (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H. , Halogen, (Ci-io) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, halogen , (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci_ io) alkyl;

R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci. Io) alkyl; where the at least one amine according to formula (I) can optionally also be used in the form of a salt; produced by a process comprising the steps: a) providing a solution (A) which _{comprises at least one solvent and C0 2} dissolved in the at least one solvent, optionally b) dissolving a base (BA) which does not correspond to the amine (AM) , in solution (A) while obtaining solution (A1), c) dissolving the at least one amine (AM) in solution (A) or (A1), while obtaining solution (B), d) freezing the solution obtained after completion of step c), e) storing the solution frozen in step d) at -100 to 0 ° C. for no longer than 4 days; for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases.

The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amine or the carbonic acid adduct for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases.

Figure description

Figure 1: A: Test for antiviral activity against influenza viruses. B and C: test for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Procluster corresponds to carbonic acid adduct (KA) produced according to Example 1.

Detailed description of the invention

The invention is directed to an amine (AM) according to the general formula (I). where in formula (I)

Ri is H, (Ci-io) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl or (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl, preferably H or (Ci-io) alkyl, more preferably H. ; R ₂ is H, (CMO alkyl), (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl or (C5-C10) heteroaryl, preferably H or (Ci-io) alkyl, more preferably H;

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₄ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -0 (Ci. ₁₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen , (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (CMO) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₅ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O- (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H. , Halogen, (Ci_io) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, ( Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci_ io) alkyl;

R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0- (Ci_ io) alkyl; where the amine according to formula (I) can optionally also be used in the form of a salt, for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases.

In one embodiment in formula (I) R 1, R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , R ₆ is H;

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl;

In the present invention, definitions such as (CMO) alkyl mean, for example, as defined for the radical of formula (I) that this substituent (radical) is a saturated alkyl radical having a carbon number of 1 to 10. The alkyl radical can be either linear or branched and, if appropriate, cyclic. Alkyl radicals that are both cyclic and linear Have components also fall under this definition. The same applies to other alkyl radicals such as a Ci. ₂ alkyl radical. If appropriate, alkyl radicals can also be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by functional groups such as amino, hydroxy, halogen, aryl or heteroaryl. Unless stated otherwise, alkyl radicals preferably have no functional groups as substituents. Examples of alkyl radicals are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, iso-propyl (also called 2-propyl or 1-methylethyl) , iso-butyl, tert-butyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, iso-hexyl, iso-heptyl.

In the present invention, definitions such as C ₂ -io mean alkenyl, such as for the remainder defined by formula (I) that this substituent (radical) is an alkenyl radical with a carbon number of 2 to 10 which has at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. The alkenyl radical can be either linear or branched and, if appropriate, cyclic. Alkenyl radicals which have both a cyclic and a linear component also fall under this definition. The same applies to other alkenyl radicals such as, for example, a C _2.4 alkenyl radical. If appropriate, alkenyl radicals can also be mono- or polysubstituted by functional groups such as amino, hydroxy, halogen, aryl or heteroaryl. Alkenyl radicals preferably have no further functional groups as substituents. Examples of alkenyl radicals are vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 1-octenyl, 3-octenyl, 5-octenyl, 1-nonenyl, 2-nonenyl.

In the present invention, the definition of aryl means that it is an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical. An aromatic radical is an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon that can consist of one ring or a ring system of several condensed rings. The aromatic radical can be, for example, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic. The monocyclic aromatic radical preferably forms a 5- or 6-membered ring. Preferably the bicyclic aromatic ring forms a 9- or 10-membered ring. Preferably the tricyclic aromatic ring forms a 13- or 14-membered ring. A definition such as (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl means that the aryl group comprises 5 to 14 carbon atoms. The aryl group preferably contains 3 to 14, more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Optionally, aryl radicals can also be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by functional groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, amino, cyano, -CF ₃ , hydroxy, halogen, aryl or heteroaryl; the aryl radicals preferably have no further substituents. Examples of aromatic radicals are phenyl and naphthyl. In the present invention, the definition heteroaryl means that it is a heteroaromatic radical. Heteroaromatic ring means that in an aromatic radical, as defined above, whose ring system is formed by carbon atoms, one or more of these carbon atoms have been replaced by heteroatoms such as O, N or S. A definition such as (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl is based on the corresponding definition for the aryl group, and means that the heteroaryl group has 5 to 10 atoms in the ring. However, as defined above, 1 or more carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms. This means that the (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl group has 5 to 10 atoms in the ring, but not all of them are carbon atoms. Hence, for example, furanyl would be a C ₅ heteroaryl group. Optionally, heteroaryl radicals can also be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by functional groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, amino, cyano, -CF ₃ , hydroxy, halogen, aryl or heteroaryl; the heteroaryl radicals preferably have no further substituents. Examples of heteroaromatic radicals which fall under the definition of aryl in the present invention are furanyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl and indolyl.

In the present invention, the definition halogen, as defined above for the radical R ₄ for formula (I), means that it is a chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine substituent. It is preferably a chlorine or fluorine substituent.

The amine (AM) according to the general formula (I) is preferably selected from the group consisting of 4-aminobenzoic acid-2 - (/ V, / \ / - diethylamino) ethyl ester (procaine), 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (benzocaine ), 2- (diethylamino) ethyl 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoate (chloroprocaine), 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester (oxybuprocaine), (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) -4- (butylamino) benzoate (Tetracaine), more preferably 4- aminobenzoic acid 2- (A /, / V-diethylamino) ethyl ester (procaine).

The amines (AM) according to the general formula (I) and those specifically designated above are available as local anesthetics in medical use and accordingly commercially available.

As already stated above, atypical pneumonia, in particular within this invention, denotes pneumonia triggered by viruses, bacteria or fungi, preferably viruses. As already mentioned above, atypical pneumonia can be associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a result of hyperinflammation in the lungs in the context of atypical pneumonia. In one embodiment, the atypical pneumonia is caused by bacteria. The bacteria are preferably selected from the group consisting of mycoplasma, legionella and clamydia.

In a further embodiment, the atypical pneumonia is triggered by fungi. The fungi are preferably selected from a group consisting of Aspergillus, Pneumocystis and Candida.

In a further embodiment, the atypical pneumonia is caused by viruses. The pneumonia is preferably caused by a virus selected from coronaviruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus. The SARS CoV-2 virus is more preferred.

The use in the therapy of viral diseases includes the utilization of an antiviral effect. Typically, antiviral agents inhibit the development and replication cycle instead of directly attacking the virus.

Without committing to a certain theoretical explanation, it is currently assumed that the observed antiviral effect of the compounds according to the invention is presumably preferably indirectly mediated by interaction with metabolic pathways of the infected organism which are necessary for the replication of the virus.

The therapy of viral diseases relates, preferably to diseases caused by RNA viruses, more preferably coronoaviruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus, even more preferably influenza viruses and coronaviruses, particularly preferably coronaviruses, very particularly preferably SARS CoV-2 to be triggered.

In one embodiment, patients are treated in the therapy of viral diseases who do not require intensive medical treatment.

In one embodiment, the amine (AM), the carbonic acid adduct (KA) or the pharmaceutical composition (PZ), in particular when used in the therapy of viral diseases, is not administered in combination with dexamethasone. In a further embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition (PZ) does not include dexamethasone, in particular when used in the therapy of viral diseases.

The invention further relates to a carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising at least one structural element according to the general formula (II), (III) and / or (IV) where in formula (II), (III), and (IV)

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci_ io) alkyl; R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci_ io) alkyl; x is 0.5 to 30;

(S) is a salt; for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases as defined above.

In one embodiment in formula (I) R ₂ , R3, R ₄ , R5, R6 is H;

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl;

The salt (S) comprises at least one cation selected from Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ and Mn ²⁺ , preferably Na ⁺ . Furthermore, the salt (S) comprises at least one anion selected from Cf, Br, J, F, S0 ₄ ² , S0 ₃ ² , HS0 ₄ HSO3, HC0 ₃ , C0 ₃ ² , P0 ₄ ³ , HP0 ₄ ² , H ₂ P0 ₄ , Si0 ₄ ⁴ , Al0 ₂ , Si0 ₃ and / or [Al0 ₂ ) i ₂ (Si0 ₂ ) ₂ ] ² , preferably CI and Br, particularly preferably CI.

The production of the carbonic acid adduct (KA) is also disclosed in WO2006 / 007835, DE 102013015035 A1 and WO2019 / 048590 to which reference should be made here.

The invention further relates to a carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising carbonic acid, at least one amine (AM) according to the general formula (I) and at least one salt (S), where in formula (I)

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₄ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -0 (Ci. Io) alkyl, preferably H, halogen , (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (CMO) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₅ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O- (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, Halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, halogen , (Ci.io) alkyl or -0 (Ci.io) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (C _1. io) alkyl;

R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -0 (Ci. Io) alkyl; where the at least one amine according to formula (I) can optionally also be used in the form of a salt; for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases as defined above.

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl; The salt (S) can be formed, for example, by an acid-base reaction of the base (BA) when performing step b) with the acid added to the amine (AM) if an acid addition salt of the amine (AM ) is used. The salt (S) can also be added directly in one of steps a), b) and / or c). The direct addition of the salt (S) is preferred if the amine (AM) is not used in the salt form and / or step b) is not carried out.

Preferably, the carbonic acid adduct (KA) remains when stored at a temperature of 2 to 10 ° C for at least 12 months, more preferably for at least 13 months, even more preferably for at least 20 months, particularly preferably for at least 23 months, and very particularly preferably stable for at least 27 months.

The carbonic acid adduct (KA) is no longer considered stable if the specific bands of the at least one amine (AM) can be detected with IR spectroscopy, in particular in the solid of the carbonic acid adduct (KA). The specific IR bands of the amine are those bands which are also detected in the IR spectroscopic examination of the pure amine (AM). As long as the amine (AM) is bound in the stable carbonic acid adduct (KA), the specific IR bands of the amine (AM) are not detected.

In individual embodiments, the loss of stability can also be caused by an increase in the pH value, or with the measurement of two melting / decomposition areas, ie one area that corresponds to the amine (KA) and one area that corresponds to the carbonic acid adduct ( KA) corresponds to go hand in hand. In the case of the carbonic acid adduct, which has become unstable due to at least partial decomposition into the amine (AM) and C0 ₂ and / or water, there may also be a change in the dissolution behavior. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) that has become unstable can prove to be more difficult to dissolve or at least partially be incompletely dissolved.

The carbonic acid adduct (KA) can be produced by a process comprising steps a), optionally b), c), d) and e).

In step a) a solution (A) is provided which comprises _{at least one solvent and CO 2 dissolved in the at least one solvent.}

The solution (A) comprises at least one solvent and C0 ₂ in dissolved form. In _{the context of this invention, C0 2} is understood to mean carbon dioxide. Under C0 ₂ in dissolved form In the context of this invention, all forms of C0 _{2 are} understood that this enters into when dissolving. For example, for aqueous solutions it is known that the dissolved C0 ₂ in the solution can be present in equilibrium as C0 ₂ , as carbonic acid, as single or double deprotonated carbonic acid, i.e. as hydrogen carbonate or carbonate.

The solution (A) is obtained in which C0 _{2 is introduced} into the at least one solvent. The C0 ₂ can be introduced into the solvent in all suitable forms known to the person skilled in the art. Preferably, gaseous or frozen C0 ₂ is introduced into the solvent in the form of dry ice, more preferably gaseous C0 _2. The gaseous C0 ₂ or frozen C0 _{2 is} preferably at least food grade, more preferably a quality that is suitable for pharmaceutical purposes. The gaseous and / or frozen C0 ₂ used preferably has a degree of purity of at least 99.5%, more preferably 99.9%.

In the context of this invention, food quality preferably means that the relevant provisions of German and European food law are met. These preferably include Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004 and Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002 as well as Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 and Regulation (EU) 231/2012.

Pharmaceutical quality preferably means that the relevant provisions of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) Are met.

The C0 ₂ can also be introduced under pressure, especially when gaseous C0 _{2 is introduced} into the solution. In this context, introduction under pressure means that a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, preferably greater than 1.01325 bar, is used. For this purpose, the introduction of the C0 ₂ into the solvent can take place in a container that isolates the solvent from the environment in such a way that a pressure can be generated in the container, in particular by supplying the C0 ₂ , which is above atmospheric pressure, is preferably above 1.01325 bar. The introduction of the CO ₂ into the solution, in particular in gaseous form, can take place in one step or at intervals.

The person skilled in the art can use any suitable solvent in step a). A polar protic solvent is preferably used as the solvent; the solvent is more preferably water. The solvent can be used in various degrees of purity depending on the intended use of the carbonic acid adduct (KA). For example, water with the degree of purity "Aqua ad iniectabilia" can be used if the carbonic acid adduct (KA) is to be used for pharmaceutical-medical purposes.

Step a) can comprise substep a1), the solvent being cooled to 3 to 8 ° C., preferably to 5 ° C. _{, preferably before the CO 2 is introduced.} The cooling can take place by means of all methods known to the person skilled in the art and identified as suitable. For example, cooling can be done by storing the solvent in a refrigerator for a sufficiently long time until the solvent has reached the target temperature. External cooling can also be used, for example.

Step a) can comprise the substep a2), wherein the CO _{2 is introduced} into the solvent, preferably up to a saturation concentration of 3 to 10 g / l, more preferably up to a saturation concentration of 4.5 to 7, 5 g / l based on the total volume of the solution. The pH of the solution after saturation with CO _{2 is} preferably <3.0 to <6.0, even more preferably <4.3 to <4.8. The CO ₂ is preferably dissolved under pressure in substep a2), the pressure being 1.5 to 10 bar, more preferably 1.9 to 7 bar, even more preferably 2 to 5 bar.

Step a) can comprise substep a3), the solution (A) preferably obtained in substep a2) at 1 to 10 ° C, preferably for at least 30 min, more preferably for at least 50 min, even more preferably for at least 60 minutes min; is stored up to a maximum of 5d (120h). The solution (A) preferably obtained in sub-step a2) is preferably used at 3 to 8 ° C. for at least 30 min, more preferably for at least 50 min, even more preferably for at least 60 min; stored up to a maximum of 5d (120h).

Preferably, step a) comprises all substeps a1), a2) and a3).

The substeps a1), a2) and a3) are preferably carried out in the order a2) follows a1) and a3) follows a2).

Step b) can optionally be carried out, the base (BA) which does not correspond to the amine (AM) being dissolved in the solution (A) to obtain the solution (A1). The base (BA) is preferably a hydrogen carbonate or a carbonate, more preferably a hydrogen carbonate, even more preferably sodium hydrogen carbonate.

In step c) the at least one amine (AM) is dissolved in solution (A) or (A1) to obtain solution (B). The at least one amine (AM), as defined above, can be used in step c) both in neutral form and in the form of a salt. Optionally, the at least one amine (AM) can also be used as a mixture of the neutral form of the amine (AM) with the salt form of the amine (AM). The at least one amine (AM), the neutral amine (AM) and / or the salt form of the at least one amine (AM) can therefore comprise. The salt form of the at least one amine (AM) is preferably an acid addition salt, preferably the acid addition salt is a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrogen sulfate, hydrogen sulfite, hydrogen phosphate, hydromesylate, hydrotosylate, hydroacetate, hydroformate, hydropropanoate, hydrofromatalonate , Hydroxalate, hydrotartrate, hydrocitrate, hydromaleate, more preferably a hydrochloride or hydrobromide, even more preferably a hydrochloride of the at least one amine (AM).

The concentration of the amine (AM) in solution (B) is preferably from 0.01 to 0.25 g / ml, preferably from 0.03 to 0.20 g / ml, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.15 g / ml.

Step c) can comprise substep c2), the at least one amine (AM) being dissolved in solution (A) or, when performing step b), in solution (A1) to obtain solution (B).

In one possible embodiment, the ratio of the amine (AM) to the base (BA) when performing step b) in solution (B) is 2: 1 to 5: 1, more preferably 3: 1 to 4: 1 , more preferably 3.23: 1 to 3.26: 1 [g / g]].

In a further possible embodiment, the molar ratio of the amine (AM) to the base equivalents of the base (BA) when performing step b) in solution (B) is 0.8: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably 1.2: 1, more preferably 1: 1. Base equivalents in this context means that when using a monovalent base, such as NaHCO _3, the molar ratio of the base (BA) to the amine (AM corresponds to the ratio given above. When using a divalent base (BA) such as Na ₂ C0 ₃ , based on the amount of substance in moles of the base (BA) relative to the use of a monovalent base, only half the amount of base is required to introduce the same amount of base equivalents 10 mmol amine (AM), 10 mmol NaHC0 ₃ required, but only 5 mmol Na ₂ C0 ₃ .

In a further embodiment, step b) is carried out and in substep c1) the amine (AM) is added in the form of the acid addition salt, the amine (AM) with that on it bound acid, is added in such an amount that the acid bound to the amine (AM) is able to neutralize the base (BA) to such an extent that the solution (B) assumes a pH value of 6 to 8.

Step c) can comprise substep c2), solution (A) being added to solution (B) to obtain solution (B1).

The concentration of the amine (AM) in solution (B1) is preferably from 0.01 to 0.25 g / ml, preferably from 0.03 to 0.20 g / ml, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.15 g / ml.

Step c) can comprise substep c3), the solution (B) or, when performing substep c2), the solution (B1) being enriched _{with CO 2.} The solution (B) is preferably enriched with 2.5 g / l to 9 g / l, more preferably with 5 to 7.5 g / l of CO _2.

Step c) can include substep c4), where solution (B) or, when performing substep c2), solution (B1) at 1 to 10 ° C, preferably 3 to 8 ° C, for at least 1 h, preferably 24 to 120 hours, more preferably 24 to 72 hours.

Step c) can comprise substep c5), the solution (B) or, when performing substep b2), the solution (B1) with CO ₂ preferably to a total concentration of at least 6 g / l, more preferably at least 10 g / l, even more preferably at least 12 g / l, very particularly preferably at least 14 g / l and most preferably at least 15 g / l is enriched. In sub-step c5), a further 0.4 to 4.7 g / l, more preferably 1 to 3.5 g / l of CO _{2 are} preferably introduced or dissolved in solution (B) or (B1) until the required total concentration is reached .

The term “total concentration” refers here to the total concentration of dissolved CO ₂ in the solution (B) or (B1), including the CO ₂ that is bound in the carbonic acid adduct (KA). The total concentration results additively from the increase in weight of the solution due to the added C0 ₂ in all previous enrichment steps a2) and / or c3), if stated, and c5), without taking into account C0 ₂ , which is optionally in the form of hydrogen carbonate or carbonate as the base (BA) is added to the solution.

The enrichment of solution (B) or solution (B1) in substep c5) with CO ₂ to the required total concentration can be carried out at a pressure of 2.5 to 10 bar, preferably 4 to 10 bar, more preferably 5 up to 10 bar, even more preferably at 6 to 10 bar, very particularly preferably at 6.5 to 10 bar. Preferably the solution (B) or (B1), when enriching with C0 ₂ in sub-step c5), a temperature of 3 to 8 ° C, more preferably of 5 ° C.

The enrichment of solution (B) or (B1) in sub-steps c3) and c5) can be carried out in the same way as described for step a).

The pH of solution (B) or, when carrying out substep c2), of solution (B1) after carrying out step c5) is preferably <7.0.

Preferably, step c) comprises all substeps c1), c2), c3), c4) and c5).

The substeps c1), c2), c3), c4) and c5) are preferably carried out in the order c2) follows c1), c3) follows c2), c4) follows c3), c5) follows c4 ) carried out.

In step d) the solution obtained after completion of step c) is frozen. The solution B) is preferably frozen in step d) or, after carrying out substep c2), the solution (B1) is frozen.

The solution, preferably solution (B) or (B1), which is subjected to step d), has a _{CO 2} content of at least 6 g / l, preferably at least 10 g / l, more preferably at least 12 g / l, even more preferably at least 14 g / l and very particularly preferably at least 15 g / l.

Preferably, the solution obtained after the completion of step c), preferably solution (B) or (B1), at -100 ° C to -20 ° C, more preferably at -90 ° C to -30 ° C, still more preferably frozen at -80 to -40 ° C and very particularly preferably at -70 to -50 ° C.

The freezing of the solution obtained after the conclusion of step c), preferably solution (B) or (B1), can in principle be carried out by all methods known to the person skilled in the art and identified as being suitable. For example, the freezing can take place by transferring the solution obtained in step c) into a suitable vessel that is immersed in a cooling medium. The vessel is preferably in the shape of a piston. The vessel in which the solution obtained in step c) is located is preferably immersed in the cooling medium at an angle of 40 °. The cooling medium can consist, for example, of a solvent such as methanol, ethanol or acetone, which is brought to the desired temperature by adding dry ice or suitable cooling apparatus such as cryostats. The freezing is preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure, more preferably at 1.01325 bar.

The solution obtained after completion of step c), preferably solution (B) or (B1), is preferably used within 0.3 to 60 minutes, more preferably within 1 to 30 minutes, even more preferably within 1, Frozen for 1 to 10 minutes, particularly preferably within 1.5 to 5 minutes.

The solution obtained after completion of step c), preferably solution (B) or (B1), is preferably at a cooling rate of 10 to 100 K / min, more preferably 20 to 80 K / min, even more preferably with Frozen at 30 to 70 K / min and particularly preferably at 40 to 60 K / min.

Preferably, the vessel in which the solution obtained after completion of step c), preferably solution (B) or (B1), is located during the freezing process, is in the cooling medium at 10 to 1000 rpm, more preferably at 50 to 600 rpm, even more preferably at 100 to 400 rpm and particularly preferably at 200 to 300 rpm.

Freezing can take place according to the shell freeze process.

In step e), the solution frozen in step d), preferably solution (B) or (B1), is stored at -100 to 0 ° C. for no longer than 4 days.

The solution frozen in step d) is preferably stored in step e), preferably solution (B) or (B1), for 1.5 to 4 days, more preferably for 2.5 to 4 days.

The solution frozen in step d) is preferably used in step e), preferably solution (B) or (B1) at -50 to 0 ° C, more preferably at -30 to -5 ° C, even more preferably at - 25 to -10 ° C, particularly preferably stored at -20 to -15 ° C.

At the defined temperature, storage can in principle take place in any cooling device known to the person skilled in the art. For example, storage can be carried out in a freezer or a freezer room.

The method by which the carbonic acid adduct (KA) can be produced can comprise a further step f), which is carried out after step e). In step f) the in Step e) stored solution, preferably solution (B) or (B1), dried to obtain dried carbonic acid adduct (KA).

In step f), the water is preferably removed from the solution stored in step e), preferably solution (B) or (B1) up to a residual content of <0.8% by weight, more preferably up to a residual content of <0.1% by weight based on the total weight of the dried carbonic acid adduct (KA) removed.

_{Preferably, in step f) C0 2} not bound in the carbonic acid adduct (KA) is added from the solution stored in step e), preferably (B) or (B1), to a residual content of <0.8 wt. %, more preferably up to a residual content of <0.1% by weight based on the total weight of the dried carbonic acid adduct (KA) removed.

The drying can be carried out using all methods known to the person skilled in the art and identified as being suitable. The drying is preferably carried out by means of freeze drying, also called lyophilization. In the case of using the freeze-drying process, step d) represents the freezing step and step e) represents the ripening step.

The pressure during drying is preferably 0.01 to 30 mbar, preferably 0.02 to 20 mbar, more preferably 0.03 to 10 mbar, even more preferably 0.03 to 0.5 mbar and very particularly preferably 0 .05 to 0.1 mbar. The pressure is preferably maintained during the entire drying process. The pressure defined above is preferably reached during drying within 7 hours, more preferably within 5 hours and particularly preferably within 4 hours from the start of the evacuation.

The person skilled in the art can determine the end point of drying from the temperature profile records. The total drying time in step f) is preferably from 10 to 60 hours, more preferably from 30 to 55 hours, particularly preferably from 41 to 52 hours. The total drying time is defined as the time between the completion of the storage in step e) and the completion of the drying in step f).

The temperature during the entire drying in step f) is preferably from 0 to 20 ° C, preferably from 4 to 18 ° C, more preferably from 8 to 16 ° C.

The invention further comprises a pharmaceutical composition (PZ) comprising the amine (AM) or the carbonic acid adduct (KA) as described above for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia. Pharmaceutical compositions which also contain the carbonic acid adduct (KA) are described in WO2019 / 048590.

The pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) in the context of this invention is basically understood to mean a composition which comprises the amine (AM) or carbonic acid adduct (KA) and, in addition, can comprise further auxiliaries or additives that are necessary for a pharmaceutical medical use are suitable.

In addition, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) can comprise further bases that do not correspond to the amine (AM) and can be different from the base (BA). The person skilled in the art can in principle select the additives depending on the intended use. He will take into account the desired form of application.

The pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) can in principle be in any suitable form of administration. For example, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) can be in capsule form, as a tablet, as a solution, as an ointment, cream, as a gel, as a paste, envelope paste or an active ingredient-containing plaster.

The pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) can in principle be applied in any suitable application form. The person skilled in the art will select a suitable form of administration in accordance with the intended form of administration. For example, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) can be used orally, inhalatively, by injection, as a patch, cutaneously comprising at least dermal application, application to the eye, nasal application, rectal application and vaginal application; administered.

In preparing the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ), the person skilled in the art can in principle make use of the methods known in the prior art.

The temperature of the mixture of the carbonic acid adduct (KA) and the auxiliaries used and optionally further bases during the preparation of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) is preferably less than 60 ° C, preferably less than 50 ° C, more preferably 0 up to 50 ° C.

In the preparation of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ), preferably in ointment form, dispersing, preferably by means of an ointment maker, can also be used. A speed of <2000 rpm is preferably used here. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) can be ground to powder before processing into the oral dosage forms described below, such as tablets or capsules or semi-solid dosage forms, alone or in the presence of other auxiliaries or bases. The person skilled in the art can in principle make use of the technical means which are suitable and known for the respective purpose. For example, mortars or similar suitable devices can be used for grinding steps. In the trituration steps, a technical aid is preferably used that keeps the mechanical stress on the carbonic acid adduct as low as possible. The grinding is preferably carried out with a mortar.

The powder obtained in this way can then, for example, be pressed into tablets or filled into commercially available capsules or mixed with suitable auxiliaries and processed into semi-solid dosage forms.

One embodiment of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) relates to a pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) which comprises the carbonic acid adduct (KA) and is administered orally. In this embodiment, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) is preferably administered in capsules, more preferably in hard gelatine or cellulose capsules, particularly preferably in hard gelatine capsules. In this embodiment, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) can also be administered in tablet form.

In this embodiment, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) preferably comprises at least one auxiliary substance (H), preferably selected from starch, in particular corn starch and / or rice starch, dextran, cellulose ester and SiO ₂ .

In addition, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) in this embodiment can comprise at least one base (BA1) which does not correspond to the amine (AM) and is identical to or different from the base (BA). The base (BA1) is preferably selected from NaHC0 ₃ or KHC0 ₃ , more preferably NaHC0 ₃ .

The general information given above on the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) preferably also apply to this embodiment, in particular also to the preparation of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) insofar as it is technically applicable for this embodiment. In this embodiment, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) preferably comprises a) 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably 15 to 95% by weight of the carbonic acid adduct (KA), b) 0 to 60% by weight , more preferably 3 to 50% by weight of the base (BA1) and 1 to 90% by weight, more preferably 2 to 75% by weight of the excipient (H), based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical preparation.

Another embodiment of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) relates to a semi-solid pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) which comprises the carbonic acid adduct (KA) and is applied cutaneously. The pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) in this embodiment can be applied, for example, in the form of an ointment, a cream, a gel, a paste, an envelope paste or an active ingredient-containing plaster.

The general information given above on the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) preferably also apply to this embodiment, in particular also to the production of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) insofar as it is technically applicable for this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) preferably comprises at least one auxiliary (H1) selected from paraffins, in particular thick and thin paraffins, wool wax, wool wax alcohols, hydrophobic base gel, vegetable oils, animal fats, synthetic glycerides, liquid polyalkylsiloxanes, Waxes, petrolatum and starch, especially corn starch, preferably petrolatum.

Under viscous paraffins (Paraffinum subliquidum) are understood paraffins that have a viscosity of 110 to 230 mPas, while thin paraffins (Paraffinum perliquidum) have a viscosity of 25 to 80 mPas.

The pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) preferably comprises in this

Embodiment: a) 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 10% by weight of the carbonic acid adduct (KA) and b) 60 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 80 to 96% by weight. -% of the excipient (H1) based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ). Another embodiment of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) which comprises the carbonic acid adduct (KA) relates to a pharmaceutical preparation which is administered buccally, parenterally, nasally and / or by inhalation.

In a buccally applied embodiment, the carbonic acid adduct (KA) is administered in the form of a preparation which comprises the carbonic acid adduct (KA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The mass ratio of carbonic acid adduct (KA) to polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferably 1: 1 to 1:10, more preferably 1: 3. Polyvinylpyrrolidones of different chain lengths can be used. The preparation preferably contains water as a solvent. The water more preferably contains C0 ₂ . Even more preferably, the water contains at least 3 g / l of C0 _2, more preferably 3 - 7 g / l of C0 _2, most preferably 6-7 g / l of C0. ₂

The general information given above on the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) preferably also apply to this embodiment, in particular also to the preparation of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) insofar as it is technically applicable for this embodiment.

The pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) is preferably located in this

Embodiment as a solution (A2), comprising the carbonic acid adduct (KA), dissolved C0 ₂ and at least one auxiliary (H2).

The auxiliary (H2) is preferably selected from an alkali halide or alkaline earth halide, more preferably NaCl and MgCl ₂ , even more preferably NaCl. The auxiliary substance (H2) can be identical to the salt (S). Quantities based on the auxiliary (H2), insofar as this is identical to the salt (S) in individual embodiments, relate in the context of this invention to additional amounts of the auxiliary (H2) which are not in the form of the salt (S) as part of the Carbonic acid adducts (KA) were introduced into the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ).

The solution (A2) is preferably made by introducing C0 ₂ into a

Solvent obtained. Preferably the solvent is water. The C0 ₂ for the preparation of the solution (A2) is preferably introduced into the solvent at a temperature of 0 to 8 ° C, more preferably at 0 to 5 ° C. The C0 ₂ can be introduced into the solvent in the form of the gas or in solid form, such as dry ice. The C0 ₂ is preferably introduced into the solvent in the form of the gas. The C0 ₂ can also be pressurized up to be introduced into the solution to achieve the desired concentration, as described above for sub-step a2).

Preferably, the C0 ₂ for the preparation of the solution (A2), up to a concentration of at least 3 g / l, more preferably up to 4 g / l, even more preferably 4 g / l to 8 g / l in the solvent brought in.

The C0 ₂ preferably has a purity of at least 99.9% is used to prepare the solution (A2), more preferably also a quality that is suitable for pharmaceutical applications, as defined above.

Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) in this embodiment, insofar as it is obtained by dissolving the carbonic acid adduct (KA) in the solution (A2), a) 0.05 to 100 mg / ml, more preferably 0, 08 to 50 mg / ml of the carbonic acid adduct (KA) and b) 0 to 20 mg / ml, more preferably 3 to 10 mg / ml of the excipient (H2) based in each case on the total volume of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ).

EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION

1. Embodiment 1, production of the carbonic acid adduct (KA)

1.1 Materials:

• Amine (AM): 68.8 to 110.1 g procaine hydrochloride (e.g. pure, for use as a pharmaceutical active ingredient; Ph. Eur. Or in a quality that is suitable for this purpose)

• Base (BA): 22.2 to 33.9 g sodium hydrogen carbonate (e.g. pure or in a quality that is suitable for this purpose),

• Solvent: 630 to 900 ml of water (Aqua ad iniectiabilia)

• C0 ₂ : at least 12.0 g / l carbon dioxide from pressurized steel cylinders (C0 _{2 of} suitable quality)

• Dry ice for preparing cold mixtures and for cooling

• methanol, techn. for the preparation of cold mixtures

1.2 step a)

A cleaned plastic pressure bottle is filled with water (e.g. Aqua ad iniectiabilia) up to the mark (approx. 800 to 900 ml) and precooled to 5 ° C for at least 1 hour in the refrigerator (3 to 8 ° C) or by means of external cooling.

A carbonic acid solution saturated with carbon dioxide is prepared. For this, C0 ₂ is introduced into the precooled water at intervals under pressure (1.6 to 8 bar). The hissing (escaping gas through the pressure relief valve) indicates that the solution is saturated with C0 ₂ . The saturation is controlled via the weight until 4.0 to 6.0 g of C0 ₂ (corresponding to 4.5 to 7.5 g / l) are dissolved. The saturated solution has a pH of <4.3 to 4.8. This carbonated water is immediately closed and stored in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour.

1.3 Step b)

21.2 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate are placed in a second plastic pressure bottle, 320 ml of chilled _{water containing CO 2} are added and dissolved while swirling.

1.4 Step e)

The equivalent amount of solid procaine hydrochloride is added to this solution at the same temperature, a virtually neutral solution being formed which, after adding a further 320 ml of cold carbonated water, becomes a clear, weakly acidic solution Solution results. The solution is enriched _{with CO 2.} The solution prepared in this way is stored in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour.

The solution is then _{conditioned again with CO 2} until a CO ₂ concentration of 12 g / l is reached in the solution. The pH value is checked using a pH indicator stick. The pH value is <6.6.

1.5 step d)

Round-bottom flasks are pre-cooled. For freezing, the reaction solution is measured in a precooled measuring cylinder, transferred in portions to round-bottomed flasks and immersed in a dry ice / methanol cold mixture (<-60 ° C) according to the shell-freezing process within 1.5-3.5 min per Flask frozen (-200 rpm). The angle of immersion of the flask on the rotary evaporator is set to approx. 40 °.

1.6 step e)

The flasks with the material frozen in this way are closed with a ground joint stopper and temporarily stored in a freezer at -15 to -20 ° C for 2 to 4 days.

1.7 step f)

The flasks heated in this way are encased in styrofoam containers which are pre-cooled and immediately connected individually to an evacuated (0.060 ± 0.01 mbar, approx. -46 ° C, leak test) freeze-drying system via a flexible rubber cone. The valve taps are opened carefully and the individual flasks are placed under vacuum. Finally, all pistons must be evacuated.

To monitor the process, temperature sensors are placed at the bottom of the styrofoam jacket, which record the entire temperature profile during the entire drying process. Before the start of the lyophilization, the temperature sensors show temperatures of <-5 ° C.

During lyophilization, the pressure is 0.07 ± 0.02 mbar. This sublimation pressure is reached within 4 hours and maintained during the entire lyophilization time. The cooling chamber is kept at 9 to 15 ° C during the entire drying process. The end point of the lyophilization is determined graphically from the temperature history records. The total drying time was a maximum of 52 hours. The dry lyophilizate is transferred to an amber glass vessel with a twist-off lid, provided with a desiccant bag and stored in the refrigerator at 0 to 15 ° C. 2. Examples of pharmaceutical preparations (PZ)

2.1 Capsules and tablets

The composition of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) according to the invention in the embodiment as a capsule or tablet for procaine as amine (AM) is described below by way of example. For the production of the capsules, standard push-fit capsules in the standard sizes (5 to 000) can be used, the powder containing the carbonic acid adduct (KA), comprising procaine as amine (AM) (trituration of the active ingredient carbonic acid adduct (KA), including procaine as amine (AM), optionally with additives, fillers and flow regulators). The carbonic acid adduct (KA) was produced according to Example 1. It has been shown that hard gelatine capsules are more suitable than cellulose capsules with regard to stability. The filled hard gelatine capsules, for example for hard gelatine capsules with 60 and 100 mg active ingredient according to Table 1, showed no changes even after 12 months of storage in the refrigerator and are therefore stable (FIG. 2). The stability was examined by means of IR spectroscopy. In the case of hard gelatine capsules, for example, no procaine was detected by IR spectroscopy within the 12 month period, while for cellulose capsules a procaine band was measured in the IR spectrum after just a few days. The content was determined at room temperature using UV / VIS spectroscopy. According to Pharmacopoeia Europaea, point 2.9.6, a tolerance range of ± 15% is prescribed for prescription drugs based on the total content including by-products.

The applicable and generally accepted pharmaceutical rules for the manufacture of (prescription) drugs are applied (e.g. Pharmacopoeia Europaea, German Medicines Codex).

Table 1: Example composition of capsules with NaHC0 ₃ additive and carbonic acid adduct (KA) as the active ingredient produced according to embodiment 1. Table 2: Example composition of a tablet with NaHC0 ₃ additive and carbonic acid adduct (KA) as active ingredient, produced according to embodiment 1.

2.2 ointments

The composition of the pharmaceutical preparation (PZ) according to the invention in the embodiment as an ointment is explained by way of example for procaine as an amine (AM) in the carbonic acid adduct (KA). When preparing the ointment, the applicable and generally accepted pharmaceutical rules for the manufacture of (prescription) drugs are applied (for example Pharmacopoea Europaea, Deutscher Azneimittel-Codex). Greater shear forces are avoided in the manufacture of the ointment. In addition, the temperature is kept locally below 60 ° C during preparation. For example, the ground carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising procaine as amine (AM) is introduced into the ointment base, for example petroleum jelly, in a mortar or a fancy bowl, which is tempered by means of a water bath at 40 to 45 ° C. Alternatively, it is also possible to use electrical mixing systems such as those used in normal pharmacy operations.

Table 3: Example composition of ointment and carbonic acid adduct (KA) as active ingredient, produced according to embodiment 1.

2.3 Parenteral solutions

For the preparation of a parenteral solution which contains the carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising procaine as amine (AM), the required amount of water (Aqua ad iniectabilia) is brought to approx. 5 ± 3 ° C in a suitable vessel with a stir bar or similar cooled and left at this temperature. The water is filled with gaseous carbon dioxide in the required quality enriched to approx. 3.2 g / l. In this C0 ₂ -containing water, the corresponding amount of carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising procaine as amine (AM) and sodium chloride is dissolved for an isotonic content.

Alternatively, water at a temperature of approx. 5 ± 3 ° C _{is enriched under pressure in a closed system with C0 2} so that there is a significant excess (4.5 to 7.5 g / l). The corresponding amounts of carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising procaine as amine (AM) and sodium chloride are also added to this carbonated water.

This cold solution provided with the carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising procaine as amine (AM) and sodium chloride is sterile-filtered under suitable spatial conditions and filled into appropriate vials. The applicable and generally accepted pharmaceutical rules for the production of (prescription) drugs are applied (e.g. Pharmacopoeia Europaea).

Table 4: Example compositions for parenteral preparations with addition of NaCl and carbonic acid adduct (CA) as active ingredient, produced according to embodiment 1.

2.4 Buccal application as a pump spray

285mg ProcCluster (carbonic acid adduct according to Example 1) and 852mg PVP25 (

Dissolve (mass ratio 1: 3) in 5ml of C0 ₂ water (eg commercially available mineral water, C0 _2. ) and apply using a pump spray bottle. PVP = polyvinylpyrrolidone, also called polyvidone or povidone.

Other PVP products can be used for example PVP30 and other ratios (meaningful from 1: 1 to 1:10 based on the amount of ProcCluster, applies to all PVP used)

PVP: CAS No. Description 9003-39-8 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (2-pyrrolidinone, 1- ethenyl-, homopolymer) EINECS-No .: 618-363-4 REACH Reg.No .: - (Polymer) INCI- Name: PVP. 3. Solubility in octanol

Solubility tests were carried out in octanol and the content in the organic phase was investigated by UV / VIS spectroscopy and the pH values.

Table 5: Solubility of different dosage forms

The pH values determined show that the carbonic acid adduct of procaine is converted as such and not into procaine and, in this form, is soluble in the organic phase and therefore permeable to the membrane. The UV / VIS spectroscopic content measurement also shows that the carbonic acid adduct of procaine is more similar to procaine than ProcHCl in terms of lipophilicity. So it behaves like the basic component - the lipid-soluble base, which is formed depending on the pH value. The carbonic acid adduct of procaine exhibits this property regardless of the pH value, i.e. it does not have to be converted into the lipophilic form by changing the pH value, as is the case with ProcHCl. ProcHCl has a significantly lower value which, at 8%, is in the order of magnitude for protein binding of 6%.

4. Test for antiviral activity

4.1 Test for antiviral activity against influenza viruses

A549 cells were 30 min with the indicated concentrations of

ProcCluster® (= carbonic acid adduct (KA) according to Example 1), or procaine HCl, dissolved in DMEMI _N F (0.2% BSA, 1 mM MgCl ₂ , and 0.9 CaCl ₂ ), pretreated and then 30 min with Influenza A / Puerto Rico / 8/34 (MOI 0.1) in PBS _INF (0.2% BSA, 1 mM MgCl ₂ , 0.9 CaCl _2, 100 U ml ¹ penicillin and 0.1 mg ml ¹ streptomycin). The cells were then washed and incubated in culture medium including inhibitor for up to 24 hours after infection. Virus titers in the supernatant were determined using the standard plaque assay on MDCK cells. In Figure 1 (A), two independent experiments with biological duplicates are shown.

The virus titers were reduced by adding the carbonic acid adduct (KA) from Example 1 by up to a log level, that is, up to 90% compared to untreated samples.

4.2 Test for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2

Calu-3 cells were 30 min with the indicated concentrations of Figure 1

(B) ProcCluster® (= carbonic acid adduct (KA) according to Example 1), or Figure 1 (C) Procaine HCl, dissolved in DMEM (10% FCS) and then pretreated with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI 0.5) infected in DMEM (10% FCS) including the corresponding inhibitor for 2 h. The cells were then washed and incubated for up to 24 hours after infection in DMEM (10% FCS) including the stated concentration of the corresponding inhibitor. Virus titers in the supernatant were determined by means of a plaque assay on Vero-76 cells. An experiment with biological duplicates is shown.

The virus titers were by adding the carbonic acid adduct (KA) from Example

1 reduced by up to one log level, i.e. up to 90% compared to samples without the addition of the carbonic acid adduct (KA) from example 1.

LITERATURE

[1] E. Mutschler. G. Geisslinger, H.K. Kroemer, S. Menzel, P. Ruth; "Mutschler Medicinal Effects, Pharmacology, Pharmacological Effects Toxicology", Wissenschaftlicher Verlagsgesellschaft, 10th edition, 2013

[2] https: // ^' flexikon. doccheck.com/de/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome, accessed on March 23, 2020

[3] Pecher S., Böttiger B.W., Graf B., Hollmann M.W .; Anesthesiologist 2004; 53; 316-325

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. An amine (AM) according to the general formula (I)

(I), where in formula (I)

Ri is H, (Ci-io) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl or (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl, preferably H or (Ci- ₁₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H;

R ₂ is H, alkyl), (C _2.i0) alkenyl, (C ₅ -C ₄₎ aryl or (C5-C10) heteroaryl, preferably H or (CI_ ₁₀₎ alkyl, more preferably H;

R ₃ is - (CH ₂ ) n NR ₈ R ₉ ; n is 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2,

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci. ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₄ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, Halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (CMO) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₅ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C1 ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O- (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, halogen , (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl;

R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, Halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -O- (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl; where the amine according to formula (I) can optionally also be used in the form of a salt, for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and the therapy of viral diseases.

2. A carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising at least one structural element according to the general formula (II), (III) and / or (IV) where in formula (II), (III), and (IV)

R ₂ is H, (CMO alkyl), (C _2.i0) alkenyl, (C ₅ -C ₄₎ aryl or (C5-C10) heteroaryl, preferably H or (CI_ ₁₀₎ alkyl, more preferably H;

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₅ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O- (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or halogen;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, ( Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl;

R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O (CM ₀ ) alkyl, preferably H, Halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl; x is 0.5 to 30;

3. A carbonic acid adduct (KA) comprising carbonic acid, at least one amine (AM) according to the general formula (I) and at least one salt (S), where in formula (I)

R ₈ is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl,

R _g is (Ci-io) alkyl, preferably (Ci_ ₂ ) alkyl;

R ₆ is H, halogen, (Ci_i ₀ ) alkyl, (C _2.i0 ) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl or -O (CMO) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, ( Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl; R ₇ is H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, (C ₂ -io) alkenyl, (C ₅ -Ci ₄ ) aryl, (C ₅ -Ci ₀ ) heteroaryl or -O (C _M0 ) alkyl, preferably H, halogen, (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl, more preferably H or -O (Ci-i ₀ ) alkyl; where the at least one amine according to formula (I) can optionally also be used in the form of a salt; produced by a process comprising the steps: a) providing a solution (A) which _{comprises at least one solvent and C0 2} dissolved in the at least one solvent, optionally b) dissolving a base (BA) which does not correspond to the amine (AM) , in solution (A) while obtaining solution (A1), c) dissolving the at least one amine (AM) in solution (A) or (A1), while obtaining solution (B), d) freezing the after completion the solution obtained in step c), e) storage of the solution frozen in step d) at -100 to 0 ° C. for no longer than 4 days; for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases.

4. A pharmaceutical composition (PZ) comprising the amine (AM) according to claim 1, or the carbonic acid adduct according to one of claims 2 or 3 for use in the treatment of atypical pneumonia and in the therapy of viral diseases.

5. The amine for use according to claim 1, the carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 2 or 3, and the pharmaceutical composition (PZ) for use according to claim 4, wherein i) the amine according to the general formula (I) and in the general formulas (II), (III) and (IV) is selected from the group consisting of

4-aminobenzoic acid-2 - (/ \ /, / \ / - diethylamino-) ethyl ester (procaine), 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (benzocaine), 2- (diethylamino) ethyl-4-amino-2-chlorobenzoate (chloroprocaine), 4- Amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester (oxybuprocaine), (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) -4- (butylamino) benzoate (tetracaine), preferably 4-aminobenzoic acid 2 - (/ \ /, / \ / - diethylamino- ) ethyl ester (procaine) and / or ii) the salt (S) is a salt composed of at least one cation selected from Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ and Mn ²⁺ , preferably Na ⁺ and at least one anion selected from CI, Br, J, F, S0 ₄ ² , S0 ₃ ² , HS0 ₄ HS0 ₃ , HC0 ₃ , C0 ₃ ² , P0 ₄ ³ , HP0 ₄ ² , H ₂ P0 ₄ , Si0 ₄ ⁴ , Al0 ₂ , Si0 ₃ and / or [Al0 ₂ ) i ₂ (Si0 ₂ ) ₂ ] ² , preferably CI and Br, particularly preferably CI.

6. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to claim 3 and 5, wherein step a) comprises at least one of the following substeps: a1) cooling the solvent, preferably water, to 3 to 8 ° C, preferably 5 ° C and / or a2) introducing C0 ₂ into the solvent, preferably up to a saturation concentration of 3 to 10 g / l, more preferably up to a saturation concentration 4.5 to 7.5 g / l, preferably the pH of the solution is after the saturation with C0 ₂ s 3.0 to 6.0, even more preferably <4.3 to 4.8 and / or a3) storage of the solution (A) at 1 to 10 ° C, preferably for at least 30 min, more preferably for at least 50 min, even more preferably for at least 60 min; up to a maximum of 5d (120h); storage is preferably at 3 to 8 ° C., preferably for at least 30 minutes, more preferably for at least 50 minutes, even more preferably for at least 60 minutes; up to a maximum of 5d (120h); step a) preferably comprises all substeps a1), a2) and a3), preferably substeps a1), a2) and a3) are carried out in the order a2) follows a1) and a3) follows a2).

7. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 3, 5 and 6, wherein i) the base (BA) in step b) is a hydrogen carbonate or a carbonate, more preferably a hydrogen carbonate, even more preferably sodium hydrogen carbonate and / or ii) the content of C0 ₂ in the solution which is subjected to step d), at least 6 g / l, preferably at least 10 g / l, more preferably at least 12 g / l, even more preferably at least 14 g / l and is very particularly preferably at least 15 g / l and the amine (AM) can also be used in the form of a salt.

8. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 3 and 5 to 7, wherein step c) comprises at least one of the following substeps: c1) dissolving the at least one amine (AM) in solution (A) or (A1 ) while obtaining the solution (B) and / or c2) adding solution (A) to the solution (B) while obtaining the solution (B1) and / or c3) enriching the solution (B) or (B1) with C0 ₂ and / or c4) storage of solution (B) or (B1) at 1 to 10 ° C., preferably 3 to 8 ° C., for at least 1 hour, preferably 24 to 120 hours, even more preferably 24 to 72 hours, and / or c5) Enrichment of solution (B) or (B1) with C0 ₂ to a concentration of at least 6 g / l, preferably at least 10 g / l, more preferably at least 12 g / l, even more preferably at least 14 g / l and completely particularly preferably at least 15 g / l; where optionally i) the concentration of the amine (AM) in solution (B) or when carrying out substep c2) in solution (B1) 0.01 to 0.25 g / ml, preferably 0.03 to 0.20 g / ml , more preferably 0.08 to 0.15 g / ml and / or ii) the pH of the solution (B) or (B1) after performing step c5) is <7.0 and / or iii) the The ratio of the amine (AM) to the base (BA) when performing step b) in solution (B) is 2 to 5, more preferably 3 to 4, even more preferably 3.23 to 3.26 [g / g] and / or iv) in step c1) the at least one amine (AM), the at least one amine (AM) as acid addition salt, preferably as hydrohalide, hydrogen sulfate, hydrogen sulfite, hydrogen phosphate, hydromesylate, hydrotosylate, hydroacetate, hydroformate, hydropropanoate, hydromalonate, hydrosuccinate , Hydrofumarate, hydroxalate, hydrotartrate, hydrocitrate, hydromaleate, more preferably as hydrochloride or hydrobromide. step c) preferably comprises all sub-steps c1), c2), c3), c4) and c5); The substeps c1), c2), c3), c4) and c5) are preferably carried out in the order c2) follows c1), c3) follows c2), c4) follows c3), c5) follows c4).

9. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 3 and 5 to 8, wherein in step d): i) the solution (B) or (B1) at -100 ° C to -20 ° C, preferably at -90 ° C to -30 ° C, even more preferably at -80 to -40 ° C and very particularly preferably at -70 to -50 ° C is frozen and / or ii) the solution (B) or (B1) within 0.3 to 60 minutes, preferably within 1 to 30 minutes, more preferably within 1.1 to 10 minutes , is even more preferably frozen within 1.5 to 5 minutes and / or iii) the vessel in which the solution (B) or (B1) is located during the freezing process, preferably in the cooling medium, at 10 to 1000 rpm, preferably at 50 to 600 rpm, more preferably 100 to 400 rpm and even more preferably 200 to 300 rpm is rotated and / or iv) the solution (B) or (B1) with a cooling rate of 10 to 100 K / min, preferably with 20 to 80 K / min, more preferably 30 to 70 K / min and particularly preferably 40 to 60 K / min is frozen.

10. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 3 and 5 to 8, wherein in step e): i) the frozen solution (B) or (B1) for 1.5 to 4 days, preferably for 2 , Is stored for 5 to 4 days and / or ii) the frozen solution (B) or (B1) preferably at -50 to 0 ° C, more preferably at -30 to -5 ° C, even more preferably at -25 to - 10 ° C, particularly preferably at -20 to -15 ° C.

11. The carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 3 and 5 to 10, wherein the method comprises a further step f) which is carried out after step e), f) drying the solution stored in step e) below Obtaining dried carbonic acid adduct (KA), where in step f) optionally i) the water from solution (B) or (B1) up to a residual content of <0.8% by weight, preferably <0.1% by weight .-% based on the total weight of the drying product (C) is removed and / or ii) C0 ₂ not bound in the carbonic acid adduct (KA) from the solution (B) or (B1) up to a residual content of <0.8 wt .-%, preferably <0.1 wt .-% based on the total weight of the drying product (C) is removed and / or iii) the drying is carried out by means of lyophilization and / or iv) during the drying the pressure 0.01 to 30 mbar, preferably 0.02 to 20 mbar, more preferably 0.03 to 10 mbar, even more preferably 0.03 to 0 .5 mbar and very particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.1 mbar and is preferably maintained during the entire drying process and / or v) the pressure during drying according to iv) within 10 hours, preferably within 7 hours, more preferably is reached within 5 h and particularly preferably within 4 h from the start of evacuation and / or vi) the temperature during the entire drying in step f) 0 to 20 ° C, preferably 4 to 18 ° C, more preferably 8 to 16 ° C and / or vii) the total drying time is 10 to 60, preferably 30 to 55 hours, more preferably 41 to 52 hours.

12. The amine (AM) according to claim 1, as well as the carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 2, 3 and 5 to 11 and the pharmaceutical composition (PZ) for use according to claim 4, wherein the atypical pneumonia is a bacterial or viral atypical pneumonia, or fungal atypical pneumonia, preferably viral atypical pneumonia.

13. The amine according to claim 12, as well as the carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to claim 12 and the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 12, wherein the atypical pneumonia i) a bacterial atypical pneumonia is preferably triggered by a bacterium selected from mycoplasma , Legionella, and Clamydia or ii) a viral atypical pneumonia, preferably triggered by a virus selected from coronoaviruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus, even more preferably coronaviruses, in particular SARS CoV-2 or iii) an atypical one triggered by fungi Pneumonia is preferably caused by a fungus selected from Aspergillus, Pneumocystis and Candida.

14. The amine (AM) according to claim 1, and the carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 2, 3 and 5 to 11 and the pharmaceutical composition (PZ) for use according to claim 4, wherein

(i) the therapy of viral diseases relates to diseases caused by RNA viruses, preferably coronoaviruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus, even more preferably influenza viruses and coronaviruses, particularly preferably coronaviruses, very particularly preferably SARS CoV-2 will and / or

(ii) In the therapy of viral diseases, patients are treated who do not require intensive medical treatment.

15. The amine (AM) according to claim 1, as well as the carbonic acid adduct (KA) for use according to one of claims 2, 3 and 5 to 14 and the pharmaceutical composition (PZ) for use according to claim 4 and 12 to 14, wherein the application takes place orally, buccally, parenterally, nasally, inhalatively or cutaneously.