Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
  • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
  • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
  • F24S2020/16—Preventing shading effects
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
  • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
  • Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general technical field of agriculture as well as that of electricity production from solar energy.
• the present invention relates more particularly to a combined production unit for agricultural products and electricity, as well as to a method for optimizing a production unit for agricultural products.
• agrivoltaic systems which make it possible to cultivate plants while allowing the production of electricity by means of photovoltaic panels arranged above the crops in question to shade them.
• known agrivoltaic systems do not necessarily have a significant impact on water quality either, and in particular do not allow phytosanitary treatments to be drastically reduced.
• known agrivoltaic installations are not necessarily optimal in terms of carbon dioxide storage. More generally, the positive impact on biodiversity and the climate of known agrivoltaic systems is relatively measured.
• the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various drawbacks listed above and to propose a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity, which has a versatile character as well as an optimal carbon footprint, and whose This design makes it possible in particular to optimize agricultural production but also the production of electrical energy, while limiting the use of inputs, preserving the quality of surrounding waterways, limiting soil erosion and improving their fertility.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity, the design of which makes it possible to maximize electricity production.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity which blends harmoniously into the landscape while facilitating mechanized agricultural work.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity which allows increased production of biomass while promoting biodiversity.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity which allows the generation of optimum shade for agricultural production.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity, the design of which makes it possible to obtain excellent performance in terms of electricity production while preserving the mechanical components of the machine. power generation equipment.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity that is easy and quick to implement.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity, the design of which makes it possible to optimize, in a dynamic and evolving manner over time, both agricultural production and electricity production. .
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity which is based on a universal design capable of adapting to different types of agricultural production, and in particular to the production of material. plant or animal material production.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity which makes it possible to optimize a plant agricultural production activity, while preserving and improving the pedological and microbiological characteristics of the soils, by promoting less use of inputs and protecting crops against climatic hazards.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new unit for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity which makes it possible to optimize a breeding activity, in particular ensuring better physical and mental comfort for the animals, minimum consumption. exogenous foods and less use of pharmaceutical treatments.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new method for optimizing a production unit for agricultural products which is particularly simple, fast, efficient and respectful of the environment.
• the objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a combined production unit of agricultural products and electricity, from an agroforestry plot in the open ground, said production unit comprising an agricultural production system of plant or animal material implanted on said plot, said agricultural production system being associated with trees planted on said agroforestry plot, said production unit also comprising a system for converting solar energy into electrical energy also located on said agroforestry plot, said conversion system comprising a plurality of photovoltaic devices located in line and at a distance from each other on said plot, so as to form one or more row (s).
• the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a process for optimizing a production unit of agricultural products from an agroforestry plot in open ground, said production unit comprising a production system agricultural plant or animal material implanted on said plot, said agricultural production system being associated with trees planted on said agroforestry plot, in which a system for converting solar energy into electrical energy is also installed on said agroforestry plot, said conversion system comprising a plurality of photovoltaic devices located in line and at a distance from each other on said plot, so as to form one or more row (s).
• Figure 1 illustrates, schematically in top view, an example of a production unit according to the invention, which implements an agricultural production system of plant material constituted in this case by a field of field crops .
• FIG. 1 illustrates, in a schematic sectional view, a detail of the production unit of Figure 1.
• FIG. 3 illustrates, schematically in top view, another example of a production unit according to l 'invention, which implements an agricultural production system of animal material, which in this case includes a poultry breeding course.
• the invention relates to a unit 1, T for the combined production of agricultural products and electricity, from an agroforestry plot 2, 2 'in open ground.
• the plot 2, 2 thus forms a portion of land which is part of the soil itself, and is therefore not confined by any container. This means in particular that the plot 2, 2 'is not above ground, unlike, for example, a surface of land which could cover the roof of a building.
• Unit 1, T makes it possible to produce both agricultural products and more precisely initial or primary agricultural products, that is to say unprocessed, and electricity (electrical energy). More precisely, said production unit 1, T comprises a system 3 for the agricultural production of plant material or a system 3 'for the agricultural production of animal material installed on said plot 2, 2'.
• the agricultural production system is a production system 3 agricultural production of plant material
• the agricultural production system is a 3 'agricultural production system of animal material.
• plot 2, 2 ' is an agroforestry plot, that is to say an agricultural plot that combines trees 4, 4' on the one hand, and crops and / or animals on the other.
• the agricultural production system 3, 3 ' is associated with trees 4, 4' planted on said agroforestry plot 2, 2 ', at the edge and / or at the heart of the latter.
• the term “tree” advantageously designates here any branched woody plant, for example with a trunk lined with branches, of variable size and height.
• Trees 4, 4 'of plot 2, 2' can thus include shrubs, fruit trees, tall trees, stem trees, trees or shrubs with erect, shrubby, arborescent or bushy growth, deciduous trees, conifers or conifers, this list not being exhaustive.
• the agroforestry plot 2, 2 ′ can thus be of different natures, and for example constitute an agrosilvicultural system, or else a sylvopastoral system, or even a pre-plantation, this list not being of course exhaustive either.
• the production unit 1, 1 ' also comprises a system 5, 5' for converting solar energy into electrical energy, said conversion system 5, 5 'also being located on said device.
• a first advantage lies in the diversification of the production of plot 2, 2 ’, which in addition to agricultural production (agricultural plant materials and / or agricultural animal materials) also ensures:
• the products, services and operating income are thus diversified and secure.
• trees 4, 4 also makes it possible, in the case where the agricultural production system implemented is a system 3 for agricultural production of plant material, to reduce the phytosanitary treatments. Trees 4 indeed contribute to an improvement in biodiversity, by structuring habitats which shelter flora and fauna useful for agricultural production. The risk of lodging is also reduced because the trees 4, in particular when they are organized in hedges, protect the crops from the wind. In general, the plants undergo less stress so that agricultural productivity is improved by the presence of trees 4 and the forest character of the plot.
• said trees 4, 4 ' are not trees intended for food.
• said trees 4, 4 ' do not form part as such of the agricultural production system 3, 3', and are therefore not suitable and intended to produce an edible food and / or a raw material intended for the agrifood industry (unlike the system 3, 3 'of agricultural production).
• said system 3, 3 "of agricultural production is an agricultural production system of plant material comprising plants, said trees 4, 4" being distinct from said plants and of a variety different from that of said plants.
• said system 3, 3 'of agricultural production comprises one or more zones each delimited by a respective perimeter within which the agricultural production is carried out, and some of said trees 4, 4' are planted inside of said perimeter while others are planted outside said perimeter and / or on said perimeter.
• the beneficial effects of the agroforestry nature of plot 2' observed are in particular the following:
• Another interesting synergistic effect resides in the fact that the production performance of the system 5, 5 ′ for converting solar energy into electrical energy is improved by the “crop + trees” microclimate (when a system 3 for agricultural production of material plant is implemented) or the “meadow + trees” micro-climate (when a 3 'system of agricultural production of animal matter is implemented).
• heat generally affects the performance of photovoltaic cells.
• the association of a silvicultural development and a system for converting solar energy into electrical energy on the same agroforestry plot allows to benefit from a dynamic synergy over time. Indeed, during the first years following the creation of unit 1, T, while trees 4, 4 'may still be young people who produce little or no shade, the system 5, 5 ′ for converting solar energy into electrical energy makes it possible to immediately provide sufficient shade in particular to promote the development of trees and limit local drying out of the soil.
• the immediately available shade area thanks to the installation of the conversion system 5, 5 'on the plot 2, 2' also allows, when the agricultural production system concerned is a 3 'system of agricultural production of animal matter (putting for example a poultry breeding course), to provide comfort and safety to the animals, while waiting for the trees to grow sufficiently, while protecting them from predators and the sun. Subsequently, the two entities (system 5, 5 'for converting solar energy into electrical energy on the one hand and trees 4, 4' on the other hand) complement each other.
• the trees 4, 4 'located in the vicinity of the system 5, 5' for converting solar energy into electrical energy are pruned to limit their height to a value (for example of the order of 2 m) compatible with the race of the trackers, which limits the potentially negative effect of the shade usually observed in the traditional agroforestry systems where the subjects are much larger.
• the conversion system 5, 5 ' comprises a plurality of photovoltaic devices 50, 50'.
• one or more of said photovoltaic devices 50, 50 'each comprise a photovoltaic module 51, 51'.
• the control parameter (s) in question advantageously include astronomical and / or meteorological parameters, so that each photovoltaic module can advantageously follow the course of the sun in order to optimize the production of electricity, can also adopt a position of rest at night (flattening) and finally be able to adopt a safety position in the event of a violent meteorological phenomenon (for example flattening in the event of too strong wind or vertically in the event of hail).
• the use of photovoltaic modules 51, 51 'with variable spatial orientation also proves to be particularly advantageous as regards the shadow provided by each module 51, 51' on the plot 2, 2 '.
• each photovoltaic panel forming a module 51, 51 ' has an area which is between approximately 50 and 200 m 2 , preferably between 80 and 150 m 2 , such areas having an excellent compromise between the production of electrical energy. and the shading induced on the plot 2, 2 '.
• Such photovoltaic modules 51, 51 ′ with automatically variable spatial orientation are known as such, and are commonly called “trackers”, “solar trackers” or even “solar trackers”.
• Solar trackers generally use a supporting structure which makes it possible to gradually vary the spatial orientation of photovoltaic panels mounted on the supporting structure, according to the heliostat principle, in order to increase their productivity.
• This orientation is advantageously operated according to two axes of rotation, namely a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, which allows the photovoltaic panels forming the photovoltaic module 51, 51 'to automatically follow the course of the sun by adjusting continuously or at regular time intervals. elevation and azimuth in a controlled manner, in response to changing control parameters.
• each photovoltaic device 50, 50 ' comprises a respective mast 52 on which the respective photovoltaic module 51, 51' is mounted. Thanks to this characteristic, the footprint of the conversion system 5, 5 'is very limited, which facilitates agricultural work on the plot 2, 2'.
• each mast 52 is high enough to free a passage under each photovoltaic module 51, 51 'in order in particular to allow the passage of agricultural vehicles 10, of the tractor type or the like.
• Each mast 52 has for example a height of between 4 and 10 m, the photovoltaic module 51, 51 'being fixed to the top of the corresponding mast 52, by means of a mechanical connection allowing pivoting along a vertical axis and along a horizontal axis . This height positioning of the photovoltaic module contributes to the good ventilation of the latter, which makes it possible to limit the effects of untimely heating which could harm the efficiency of the photovoltaic module 51.
• each photovoltaic module 51, 51 ’ comprises a panel with a face face and an opposite back face, said face face and back face being both provided with photovoltaic cells. Thanks to this two-sided arrangement, each photovoltaic module 51, 51 ′ is able not only to directly capture the light coming from the sun by means of its front face, but also, thanks to its reverse face, to capture reflected light and to diffused light to help in the production of electricity, which makes it possible to produce 10 to 25% more energy compared to a single-sided arrangement.
• the agricultural production system of unit 1 is a system 3 for agricultural production of plant material.
• said system 3 for the agricultural production of plant material advantageously comprises a field of field crops, for example cereals, oilseeds, protein crops and / or fodder crop plants, of the natural or artificial grassland type.
• the system 3 for the agricultural production of plant material formed for example by a field 30 of large-crop plants, is implanted on the surface of the plot 2 available outside the surfaces occupied by said trees 4 and the conversion system 5. solar energy into electrical energy.
• the photovoltaic devices 50, 50 ' are located in line and at a distance from each other on said plot 2, so as to form one or more rows 6, 7, 8, which rows 6, 7, 8 are for example, as illustrated in the figures, identical, substantially rectilinear, parallel and distant from each other (see FIG. 1).
• the photovoltaic devices 50, 50 'of the same row are preferably located at a distance from each other, which allows better landscape integration of the latter while facilitating access to the system 3, 3' of agricultural production which very often is found around (or even partly below) the photovoltaic devices 50, 50 '.
• the photovoltaic devices 50, 50 'of the same row are advantageously substantially aligned in a respective direction (an approximate straight line), said direction preferably being substantially horizontal.
• said trees 4 comprise a first plurality of trees 40 planted in a row to form, or help to form, a first hedge 9 which occupies the inter-photovoltaic device spaces 50 in each row 6, 7, 8 (of which there are of three in the example shown).
• the first hedge 9 is thus composed of substantially rectilinear elementary sections which extend longitudinally, in each row 6, 7, 8, between each photovoltaic device 50, that is to say in this case between each mast 52.
• said first hedge 9 has a maximum height H less than or equal to approximately 2 m, and preferably of the order of 1.5 to 2 m, so as to be able to come as close as possible to the photovoltaic devices 50, and more precisely respective masts 52 of the latter, without hindering the course of the photovoltaic modules 51 with variable spatial orientation, while promoting the production of biomass and the presence of biodiversity useful for the productivity of the plot 2.
• said first hedge 9 comprises alternately trunks 90 to produce biomass and plants with bushy growth 91 to promote biodiversity.
• the trognes can even be qualified as mini-trognes to take into account the height constraints linked to the vicinity of the trackers.
• the "mini-trogne” pruning keeps the trees 4 in the phase of continuous growth, which thus makes it possible to continue to store carbon throughout the life of the tree (in the absence of in turn, trees store carbon during their growth and stop storing when they reach maturity).
• the edges 90 are for example mutually spaced by a distance D3 of between 0.5 m and 5 m, for example of the order of 2 m on average.
• the cores 90 are implanted at a density of approximately 4 cores / m 2 .
• the alternation of trognes 90 and species favoring biodiversity 91 makes it possible both to produce, thanks to the trognes, wood (for example firewood) and / or fodder, while providing, thanks to the plants at port bushy 91 interposed between the trunks 90, flowers, fruits and refuges for animals, thus promoting biodiversity and therefore indirectly the productivity of the plot 2.
• the trunks of trees 4 is particularly advantageous. It makes it possible to obtain tree heights compatible with the presence in the immediate vicinity of the photovoltaic devices 50, the respective photovoltaic module 51 of which is placed at an altitude greater than the height of the first hedge 9, thanks to the mounting on a mast 52. , while optimizing the production of forest plant matter.
• said rows 6, 7, 8 are spaced from each other by a substantially constant distance D0, for example at least equal to 10 m, preferably at least equal to 30 m, and even more preferably from the order on average of 40 m, in order to spare between rows 6, 7, 8, in the working direction of plot 2, sufficient passages to allow the work of the farmer, including of course with mechanized means ( tractor 10 or other).
• the distance D0 is advantageously measured between two alignments of trackers, which leaves, when the inter-row distance D0 is equal to 40 m, a working width D1 for example of about 36 m, sufficient to allow agricultural machinery to pass 10 .
• the photovoltaic devices 50 are spaced from each other by a distance D2 (measured for example between each mast 52) which is substantially constant, for example at least equal to 10 m, of preferably at least equal to 20 m, even more preferably of the order of 35 m on average.
• said trees 4 comprise a second plurality of trees 41 planted on the periphery of the plot 2 to form, or help to form, a second peripheral hedge 11, of the windbreak type, preferably continuous, and which preferably surrounds said plot 2. Thanks to the presence of this second hedge 11, the risk of lodging and of deterioration or of frequent securing of the photovoltaic devices 50 is minimized, which makes it possible to optimize both agricultural production and the production of electrical energy, while also allowing additional biomass production.
• the system 5 for converting solar energy into electrical energy comprises electrical cables connected to each photovoltaic device 50 to transport the electrical energy produced by the latter.
• Said cables are buried in the ground of plot 2, and advantageously run along each row 6, 7, 8 according to one or more paths which extend substantially parallel to said rows
• the cables carrying the electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic devices 50 are buried in the ground of the plot 2 to a depth preferably at least equal to 30 cm and less than 1, 5 m, preferably at least equal to 40 cm and less than 1 m, even more preferably equal to on average about 60 cm.
• the cables run along each row 6, 7, 8 along rectilinear paths which extend approximately 2 m from the line of trackers advantageously forming the photovoltaic devices 50, which in this case allows burying at 60 cm deep, easy and quick to make.
• a cable duct could be considered under the first hedge 9, but in this case it would be necessary to provide for a burial depth of at least 2.5 m.
• unit 1 makes it possible to capture and use up to five times more solar energy than a simple large-scale system, with storage which can go up to to about 7.32 t of CC eq> 2 per hectare and per year, or even up to about 9.15 t of CO2 eq per hectare and per year if complementary agro-ecological practices (for example sowing direct and plant cover in inter-culture) are implemented. Thanks to the implementation of photovoltaic modules whose spatial orientation varies automatically, preferably to follow the course of the sun, the shadow produced by the system 5 for converting solar energy into electrical energy has no impact. negative on crop yield, due to the distribution of shade over the day and the seasons.
• the first hedge 9 By maintaining the first hedge 9 at a height preferably not exceeding 2 m, so as not to hinder the course of the trackers, an additional beneficial effect is obtained of limiting the impact of the shadow produced by the hedge, especially compared to a classic agroforestry system where the subjects are usually much larger.
• the microclimate created by the vegetation leads, via evapotranspiration, to a local drop in temperature which limits the heating of the photovoltaic cells, which promotes their optimal functioning.
• the presence of trackers also makes it possible, in the first years of the creation of Unit 1, to compensate for the small size of the trees, in particular by providing sufficient shade which will promote tree development and limit local drying out of the soil.
• the trackers 50 and the shafts 4 complement each other as mentioned above.
• the electricity produced by the system 5 for converting solar energy into electrical energy can be used locally, for example for pumping water, for irrigation, or even for misting, for example.
• the invention is of course not limited to a production unit implementing an agricultural production system of plant material as in the example of Figures 1 and 2. It is in fact also possible that the agricultural production system of the production unit according to the invention is a system 3 ′ for agricultural production of animal material as illustrated in FIG. 3.
• the system 3 ′ for the agricultural production of animal material advantageously includes a poultry rearing course, located on the agroforestry plot 2 ′.
• the system 3 'of agricultural production of animal material comprises in this case a henhouse 12 constituted in this case by a building arranged on the plot 2' and which is provided with hatches allowing the exit of the poultry (indicated by the arrows 12A) to outside, in the open, on plot 2 '.
• the photovoltaic devices 50 are distributed in a substantially homogeneous manner over the course, by being implanted for example at a distance of between 20 and 40 meters, preferably of about 35 m, from each other of all parts (north-south axis and east-west axis).
• the trees 4 'planted on the plot 2' form, or help to form at least:
• said trees 4 ' form, or help to form, low hedges 16 and / or small groves 17, with a height of for example between 1 and 3 m (for example low hedges 16 have a height of between 2 and 3 m while the small groves 17 are about 1.5 m high), which act as connecting elements between the photovoltaic devices 50 'between them, and / or between the photovoltaic devices 50' and the silvicultural development 15 .
• the plot 2 ' is thus advantageously provided with elements distant from each other, which act as an “anchor point” for the animals which can find there shade, shelter against predators and / or food. (berries, fruits, insects ). These elements are formed by the photovoltaic devices 50 'scattered over the course established on the plot 2', as well as by the trees 4 'implanted on the plot 2' and which appear in the form of isolated subjects and / or low hedges. 16 and / or small groves 17 for example.
• the elements in question are advantageously located so as to be distant from at least one other element by a distance which does not exceed 25 m (maximum distance that a poultry can cross in practice between two shelters, in the open) .
• the distance in question will not exceed 15 m to facilitate the exploration of the entire course by the animals.
• the use of trackers to constitute the photovoltaic devices 50 ′ makes it possible to provide a large area of shade available from the installation, while the trees 4 ′ are still small and provide little or no shade. Then the 4 'trees will grow and contribute in their turn to providing sufficient shade and shelter to poultry, while optimizing electricity production thanks to the creation by the vegetation of a “meadow + trees” microclimate, by evapotranspiration, which causes a local drop in temperature limiting the heating of the photovoltaic cells.
• the invention ultimately makes it possible to optimize the use of solar radiation, by favoring the combined and synergistic implementation of different biological mechanisms (photosynthesis, etc.) and techniques (photovoltaic conversion) with efficient CO2 sequestration.
• the invention also allows dynamic deployment which quickly leads to significant performance, while developing the territory in a simple, rapid, efficient and harmonious manner.
• the invention can easily be implemented using already existing production units for agricultural products.
• the invention also relates, moreover, as such to a method for optimizing a production unit for agricultural products from an agroforestry plot 2, 2 'in open ground, the production unit comprising a system 3. , 3 'of agricultural production of plant or animal matter implanted on said plot
• a system 5, 5 'for converting solar energy into electrical energy is also installed on said agroforestry plot 2, 2', in order to obtain the various beneficial and synergistic effects mentioned in what precedes.
• the method thus makes it possible to obtain a combined production unit 1, T according to the invention, in accordance with the preceding description, which description is applicable, mutatis mutandis, to the method of the invention and vice versa.
• the production unit and the optimization process of the invention make it possible to develop agricultural areas in a particularly advantageous manner by improving the overall productivity of the latter, while diversifying the sources of income for farmers (including Breeders).

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• 2020
  • 2020-04-02 FR FR2003320A patent/FR3108827B1/fr active Active
• 2021
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