EP4121233A1

EP4121233A1 - Method for producing a sintered hybrid component

Info

Publication number: EP4121233A1
Application number: EP21710928.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Katharina Horke
Original assignee: Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Current assignee: Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2021-03-08
Publication date: 2023-01-25
Also published as: DE102020107105A1; WO2021185606A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a sintered hybrid component, having the steps of: producing the component (1, 10) in a green, brown, or sintered state, said production process including the process of producing a green body of the component in an injection molding process using an injection moldable powder-binder mixture; modifying the component (1, 10) by applying material (2) onto the component using an additive manufacturing process, wherein the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process consists of a powder-binder mixture, from which the binder can be removed and which can be sintered; removing the binder from the modified component; and sintering the modified component in order to provide a sintered hybrid component (3).

Description

Method for producing a sintered hybrid component

description

The invention relates to a method for producing a sintered hybrid component.

Powder injection molding processes (also referred to as PIM (PIM = “Powder Injection Molding”)) are known in principle. They include, on the one hand, metal powder injection molding (MIM = "Metal Injection Molding") and, on the other hand, ceramic powder injection molding (CIM = "Ceramic Injection Molding"). Powder injection molding processes are used for high quantities of the component to be manufactured. They are less suitable for single parts or small series.

The present invention is based on the object of adapting a powder injection molding process in such a way that it is also suitable for the production of individual parts and small series.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Refinements of the invention are given in the dependent claims. According to this, the invention provides a method for producing a sintered hybrid component, in which in a first step a component is produced in the green, brown or sintered state, the production being the production of a green part of the component by injection molding with an injection-mouldable powder binder -Mixture includes. The powder used can be metal powder and / or ceramic powder, including powder made of hard metal and / or cermets, which is mixed with a binder.

In a further step, the component is modified by applying a material using an additive manufacturing process, the material applied using the additive manufacturing process consisting of a powder-binder mixture that can be debonded and sintered. This is followed by debinding of the modified component and sintering of the modified component to provide a sintered hybrid component.

The present invention is based on the idea of modifying a component produced by a powder injection molding process using an additive manufacturing process in order to provide further structures and functions of the component. The modification by means of an additive manufacturing process enables the components manufactured using the powder injection molding process to be individualized and thus also enables individual parts and small series to be produced on the basis of the powder injection molding process.

The invention provides that the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process, like the green compact produced by powder injection molding, undergoes debinding and sintering. The material used in the additive manufacturing process accordingly consists of a powder-binder mixture that is suitable for debinding and sintering.

The combination according to the invention of a powder injection molding process and an additive manufacturing process makes it possible to provide a better surface accuracy of the manufactured component compared to a purely additive manufacturing process. In addition, the powder injection molding process can be used to provide hollow structures, for example cooling structures in a turbine blade, with a better surface quality than is possible with a purely additive manufacturing process. The additive manufacturing process can be used to customize and expand the functionality of the components manufactured using the powder injection molding process. It should be noted that a powder injection molding process does not represent an additive manufacturing process in the sense of the present invention. The invention therefore does not provide for a component produced using a powder injection molding process to be modified by means of a further powder injection molding process. Rather, the component is modified using an additive manufacturing process in which the material is applied to the component layer by layer.

An example of the additive process used is the so-called "Fused Feedstock Deposition" (FFD), in which the feedstock formed by the powder-binder mixture is melted directly in an extruder, pressed as a paste through a nozzle and selectively applied to it by means of a powder injection molding process manufactured component is applied.

Another example of the additive process used is so-called “Fused Deposition Modeling” (FDM) or “Fused Filament Fabrication” (FFF), in which a fusible filament made from a powder-binder mixture is pressed, melted and selectively open through a heatable nozzle the component produced by means of a powder injection molding process is applied.

Another example of the additive process used is the so-called "Cold Metal Fusion" process (CMF), which is a selective laser sintering process. The feedstock formed by the powder-binder mixture is used as the powder bed. Through selective melting / solidification of the powder bed, material is applied in layers to the injection-molded component. The injection-molded component can be integrated into the powder bed in order to apply additional structures.

Another exemplary embodiment provides that the powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process is applied to the component by knife-coating and subsequent consolidation of the powder-binder layers.

The processes mentioned are distinguished by the application of a material layer by layer to the component produced by means of a powder injection molding process using an additive process.

In the first process step, the component is manufactured in the green, brown or sintered state, i.e. as a green part, brown part or sintered part. Depending on this, it is necessary or no longer necessary after applying material by means of the additive Manufacturing process to debind and sinter the component. There are three cases to be considered here.

If the component in the green state is modified by the additive manufacturing process, the component and its modification are together in the green state. The modification creates a hybrid green compact. This hybrid green compact, i. H. the component in the green state and the applied material are debinded and sintered together, creating a sintered hybrid component.

If the component in the brown state is modified by the additive manufacturing process, after the material has been applied to the component, only the applied material is debound, since the component manufactured in the injection molding process is already in the brown state, i.e. has already been debindered. This does not rule out that the modified component as a whole is subjected to the debinding process, which includes, for example, a chemical dissolution of the binder or a thermal expulsion of the binder. Since the component produced in the injection molding process has already been debindered, the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process is actually only debonded. Alternatively, it can be provided that only the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process is the subject of the method steps for debinding.

The debinding of the applied material creates a hybrid brown body (also referred to as brown body or brown body), which includes the component produced by injection molding and the applied material in the brown state. This hybrid brown compact is then sintered to produce a sintered hybrid component.

It should be noted that there are variants of debinding in which several binder components are sequentially removed. For example, it can be provided that the binder has a first binder component which is removed by solvent and a second binder component which is thermally removed. In such variants, the component is referred to as a brown body when only one binder component has been removed.

In such cases of multiple debinding it can be provided that the modification of the component is carried out by the additive manufacturing process after the first binder component has been removed or after both or all of the binder components have been removed. Binder components not yet removed are also removed during the debinding process of the applied material.

If the component in the sintered state is modified by the additive manufacturing process, only the applied material is debound and sintered after the material has been applied. This, in turn, does not rule out that the component that has already been sintered goes through the corresponding processes again during debinding and sintering. Alternatively, it can be provided that the subject matter of the method steps for debinding and sintering is only the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process.

In turn, a sintered hybrid component is created, which comprises the component manufactured using the injection molding process and the applied material in the sintered state.

One embodiment of the invention provides that the component is modified by attaching an additional structure to the component. The additional structure implies an additional function and / or property of the component. One embodiment for this provides that the additional structure provides a latching, positioning and / or connecting structure of the component.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the component is modified by applying at least one layer to at least one surface of the component. In particular, several layers are applied layer by layer. This enables, in particular, a change in the material properties of the component in the area of the new surface applied. An initial example for this provides that a layer is applied to the component by means of the additive manufacturing process, which layer provides oxidation protection, corrosion protection and / or erosion protection.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the component is modified by attaching an additively manufactured component to the component, the additively manufactured component connecting the component to a further component. In this exemplary embodiment, the additively manufactured component thus serves to connect the component to a further component. It can be provided in design variants that the additively manufactured component is attached to the component using a removable support structure, the support structure serving on the one hand as a spacer between the component and the further component and, on the other hand, a desired shape of the additive by providing a support surface manufactured component enables. The support structure is removed again after the additively manufactured component has been attached. A variant of this embodiment provides that the component and the further component are additionally joined directly. This can be done, for example, by means of sintered joining, pastes or plug connections. A further joint connection is provided by applying the additive component. The additive component can, if necessary, enable additional functionalization of the component through the formation of suitable structures.

Refinements of the invention provide that the sintered hybrid component is hot isostatically pressed and / or heat treated. This serves to further densify the component and to set the desired material properties. In addition or in addition, it can be provided that the sintered hybrid component undergoes mechanical post-processing, for example in order to reduce tolerances.

The powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process can be the same powder-binder mixture with which the component was manufactured in the green, brown or sintered state. In other words, additive manufacturing uses the same feedstock that was used for the powder injection molding process. Such a configuration has the advantage of homogeneous material properties of the hybrid component.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process is a different powder-binder mixture than that with which the component was manufactured in the green, brown or sintered state.

The materials used in additive manufacturing as powder-binder mixtures can be taken from a wide range of materials. Examples are acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS), polyimides, polyamide PA-6, polyamide PA-66, polycarbonate (PC), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polylactide (PLA) , ABS-PC, conventionally available MIM feedstocks and MIM feedstocks in general.

The powder-binder mixture used in additive manufacturing is provided, for example, in the form of melt filaments. Such an additive manufacturing process is also known under the terms “Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)” and “Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)” or as a strand laying process. This is a 3D printing process in which an endless filament made of a thermoplastic material is used.

Melt filaments suitable for the invention are sold, for example, by BASF 3D Printing Solutions GmbH under the name Ultrafuse®. This is a filament for 3D printing of a green compact, the binder being removed from the green compact after 3D printing and then sintered. The Ultrafuse® filament contains thermoplastic binders with 90 percent by mass of high-purity metal particles.

The powders used in the powder injection molding process can be all sinterable metal powders, e.g. steel, iron-based powder, nickel-based powder, cobalt-based powder, titanium powder, titanium alloy powder, copper powder and powder from intermetallic phases (e.g. TiAl, FeAl). The powders used can also be ceramic powders consisting of oxide ceramics and / or of non-oxide ceramics.

Known binders from injection molding technology are used as binders. The binders consist, for example, of thermoplastics and / or waxes, whereby additives such as stabilizers, dispersants and additives to promote wettability can be added to the binder.

Embodiments of the invention provide that the component in the green, brown or sintered state is first measured before it is modified. The component is then placed in the green, brown or sintered state for the purpose of its modification by an additive manufacturing process in a system for additive manufacturing. A 3D CAD model is created to modify the component and the component is then modified using the powder-binder-based additive manufacturing process in accordance with the 3D CAD model created.

The present invention is used in variant embodiments for the production of components of a gas turbine engine. In addition, the present invention can in principle also be transferred to other technical fields.

In a further aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a component of a gas turbine engine that has been produced using the method according to the invention. The component is, for example, a turbine component.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of the drawing on the basis of several exemplary embodiments. Show it: FIG. 1 shows a flow chart with the method steps of a first method for producing a sintered hybrid component;

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart with the method steps of a second method for producing a sintered hybrid component;

FIG. 3 shows a flow chart with the method steps of a third method for producing a sintered hybrid component;

FIG. 4 shows a basic illustration of a hybrid component which comprises a component produced by metal powder injection molding and a component added to it by additive manufacturing;

FIG. 5 schematically shows the layered structure of a functional layer on the surfaces of a compressor blade of a gas turbine engine produced by metal powder injection molding by means of additive manufacturing;

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment in which an additively manufactured component connects a first component with a second component, the two components additionally being connected directly to one another via a first plug connection;

FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which an additively manufactured component connects a first component with a second component, the two components additionally being connected directly to one another via a second plug connection;

FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which an additively manufactured component connects a first component with a second component, the two components additionally being connected directly to one another via a plug connection, and the additively manufactured component additionally forming an additional structure;

FIG. 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which an additively manufactured component connects a first component with a second component, the two components additionally being connected directly to one another via a plug connection are, and wherein the additively manufactured component has smaller dimensions than the two components;

FIG. 10 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which an additively manufactured component connects a first component with a second component, the two components being separated from one another by a removable spacer which serves as a flat support structure for the additively manufactured component to be applied, and FIG

FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which an additively manufactured component connects a first component with a second component, the two components being separated from one another by a removable spacer which serves as a curved support structure for the additively manufactured component to be applied.

1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a first method for producing a hybrid component, which is, for example, a hybrid component of a gas turbine engine of an aircraft. The hybrid component under consideration is, for example, a turbine component of the gas turbine engine. However, the principles of the present invention can in principle be applied to any desired components.

In a first method step 101, a green compact is produced by metal powder injection molding. The term “metal powder injection molding” is used to the effect that it also includes ceramic powder injection molding. To produce the green compact, a feedstock with a powder-binder mixture is first produced, and a green compact is then injection-molded with the powder-binder mixture, ie. H. a MIM component produced in the green state.

In the following process step 102, the green compact is modified by applying a powder-binder mixture to the component using an additive manufacturing process. The powder-binder mixture used for the additive manufacturing process can also be debindered and sintered. It can be the same powder / binder mixture that was used in metal powder injection molding, or it can be a different powder / binder mixture. Before the additive manufacturing is carried out, it can be provided that the MIM component produced in method step 101 is first precisely measured. The component is then placed in a system for additive manufacturing. A 3D CAD model of the modified component is also provided and additive manufacturing is carried out to carry out the modification.

The additive manufacturing process can in principle be any known additive manufacturing process. The powder-binder mixture is provided, for example, in the form of melt filaments (English: "Fused Filament Fabrication" - FFF), which consist of a thermoplastic material that comprises the binder and the powder. The melting elements are fed through a heated extruder head of a 3D printer and placed on the MIM component, whereby the applied material can be applied in layers and the thickness of the applied material increases successively. The extruder head of the 3D printer is moved according to the created 3D CAD model of the modified component under computer control in order to define the printed shape.

In alternative design variants, “Fused Feedstock Deposition” (FFD) is used as an additive process, whereby the feedstock formed by the powder-binder mixture is melted directly in an extruder, pressed through a nozzle and selectively applied to the component, or a “Cold Metal Fusion “process (CMF) is used, whereby a powder bed of powder-binder mixture is selectively melted by means of a laser and then solidified.

When the material is applied, a hybrid green compact is created, which comprises a green compact component from metal powder injection molding and a green compact component from additive manufacturing.

In step 103, binder is removed from the hybrid green compact to produce a hybrid brown compact. This is done by solvent and / or thermally (including catalytic binder removal), depending on the binder system used. The hybrid brown compact is then sintered in step 104, producing a sintered hybrid component.

Optionally, step 104 is followed by a heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing of the sintered hybrid component in order to further close the component condense. Mechanical post-processing is also optional, for example to reduce existing tolerances.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a second method for producing a hybrid component. First, in step 201, a green compact is produced by metal powder injection molding. In this respect, reference is made to the explanations relating to step 101 of the method in FIG. The binder is then removed from the green compact, creating a brown compact for the component.

In step 203, the brown body is modified by applying a powder-binder mixture to the brown body by means of an additive manufacturing process. As far as the implementation of additive manufacturing is concerned, step 203 corresponds to step 102 of the method in FIG. 1, so that reference is made to the explanations relating to this. The difference is that the powder-binder mixture in the context of additive manufacturing is not applied to the green compact as in FIG. 1, but to the brown compact.

Then in step 204 the binder is removed from the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process. For this purpose, it can be provided that only the applied material is exposed to a solvent and / or thermally (including catalytic binder removal). Alternatively, it can be provided that the combined component, i.e. the brown compact produced by metal powder injection molding and the additive component, are exposed to a solvent and / or thermally (including catalytic debinding), but only the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process is actually debindered, because the brownling has already been unbound. The debinding creates a hybrid brown compact that has a brown compact component from metal powder injection molding and a brown compact component from additive manufacturing.

The hybrid brown compact is finally sintered in step 205 to produce a sintered hybrid component. Post-processing can optionally be carried out by means of heat treatment, hot isostatic pressing and / or mechanical post-processing.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a third method for producing a hybrid component. First, in step 301, a green compact is produced by metal powder injection molding. In this respect, reference is made to the explanations relating to step 101 of the method in FIG. 1 Referenced. The binder is then removed from the green compact in step 302, a brown compact of the component being produced. In step 303, the brown compact is sintered, so that a sintered MIM component is provided.

In step 304, the sintered MIM component is modified by applying a powder-binder mixture to the sintered MIM component by means of an additive manufacturing process. As far as the implementation of additive manufacturing is concerned, step 304 corresponds to step 102 of the method in FIG. 1, so that reference is made to the explanations relating to this. The difference is that the powder-binder mixture in the context of additive manufacturing is not applied to the green compact as in FIG. 1 or to the brown compact in FIG. 2, but to the sintered MIM component.

Subsequently, in step 305, binder is removed from the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process. For this purpose, it can be provided that only the applied material is exposed to a solvent and / or thermally (including catalytic binder removal). Alternatively, it can be provided that the combined component, i.e. the component sintered by metal powder injection molding and the additive component, are exposed to a solvent and / or thermally (including catalytic debinding), but only the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process is actually debindered, since the sintered component has already been debinded and sintered beforehand.

Subsequently, in step 306, the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing method is sintered, a sintered hybrid component being created that comprises a sintered component through metal powder injection molding and a sintered component through additive manufacturing.

It can be provided that only the applied material is sintered. Alternatively, it can be provided that the combined component, that is to say the component sintered by metal powder injection molding and the additive component, is sintered, in which case the component produced by metal powder injection molding is thus sintered again.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a sintered hybrid component 3, which consists of a component 1 produced by metal powder injection molding and a component 2 applied to component 1 by means of an additive manufacturing process. Here can the component 2 has been applied to the component 1 in the green, brown or sintered state, as explained with reference to FIGS. 1-3. The component 2 can consist of several layers 20.

It is pointed out that the component 2 produced by applying material also forms a structure 21 on the component 1, by means of which an additional functionality of the hybrid component 3 can be provided. For example, the structure 21 serves a positioning function, for example a centering function relative to other components. In other examples, the structure 21 serves a latching function or a connecting function.

FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which several layers 20 of a material 2 are applied by additive manufacturing to a surface of a component 10 produced by metal powder injection molding, the material 2 providing a functional layer that provides, for example, oxidation protection, corrosion protection or erosion protection . The material 2 can be applied to different surfaces of the component 10. A sintered hybrid component 3 is present that has a component 10 produced by metal powder injection molding and a component 2 produced by additive manufacturing.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a component 1 is connected to a component 2 produced by additive manufacturing, the component 2 connecting the component 1 to a further component 6. It is provided that the components 1, 6 are additionally connected directly to one another by a joint connection 41. A further joint connection is provided by the additive component 2. The direct joining connection 41 follows, for example, via a plug connection, FIG. 6 showing an example of a first exemplary embodiment of such a plug connection in which one component forms a prismatic projection. Alternatively, the direct joining connection is made, for example, by sinter joining or pastes.

The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7 corresponds to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 6 except for the fact that a joint connection 42 is provided which realizes another plug connection in which one component forms a hemispherical projection.

The initial example in FIG. 8 corresponds to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7 except for the fact that the additively manufactured component 2 also has a protruding structure 22 forms, the shape of which is shown in Figure 8 only by way of example. The above structure 22, like the structure 21 explained with reference to FIG. 4, can fulfill a latching function and / or positioning function and / or connection function or also some other function.

FIG. 9 illustrates schematically that the additively manufactured component 2 can have other dimensions than the components 1, 6.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a support structure 5 is arranged between the two components 1, 6, which on the one hand serves as a spacer between the two components 1, 6. On the other hand, the surface 51 of the support structure 5 serves as a support for the additively manufactured component 2, so that it can be applied between them despite the spacing of the components 1, 6. The support structure 5 is removed again after the additively manufactured component 2 has been attached. This can take place immediately after the additively manufactured component 2 has been attached or, for example, only during sintering.

FIG. 11 shows a modification of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 10, in which the additively manufactured component 11 is curved. For this purpose, the support structure 5 has a curved surface 52 on which the applied material is deposited during additive manufacturing.

It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concepts described herein. Furthermore, any of the features can be used separately or in combination with any other features, provided that they are not mutually exclusive, and the disclosure extends to and includes all combinations and subcombinations of one or more features described herein. If areas are defined, these include all values within these areas as well as all sub-areas that fall into one area.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a sintered hybrid component comprising the steps:

Production of a component (1, 10) in the green, brown or sintered state, the production comprising the production of a green part of the component by injection molding with an injection-mouldable powder-binder mixture,

Modifying the component (1, 10) by applying a material (2) to the component by means of an additive manufacturing process, wherein the material applied by means of the additive manufacturing process consists of a powder-binder mixture that can be debonded and sintered,

Debinding the modified component, and

Sintering the modified component to provide a sintered hybrid component (3).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the component (1, 10) in the green state is modified by the additive manufacturing process, the component in the green state and the applied material being debinded and sintered together.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the component (1, 10) is modified in the brown state by the additive manufacturing process, after applying the material to the component in the brown state, the applied material is removed and then the resulting hybrid brown compact is sintered .

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the component (1, 10) is modified in the sintered state by the additive manufacturing process, wherein after the application of the material, the applied material is debinded and sintered.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (1) is modified by attaching an additional structure (21, 25) to the component.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional structure (21, 22) provides a latching, positioning and / or connecting structure of the component.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (1, 10) is modified by applying a plurality of layers (20) layer by layer to at least one surface of the component, the layers (20) sequentially by means of the additive manufacturing process can be applied to the surface.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that a layer (20) which provides oxidation protection, corrosion protection or erosion protection is applied to the component by means of the additive manufacturing process.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (1) is modified by attaching an additively manufactured component (2) to the component, which connects the component (1) to a further component (6).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the additively manufactured component (2) is attached to the component (1) using a removable support structure (5), the support structure (6) as a spacer between the component (1) and the other component (6) is used.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the component (1) and the further component (1) are additionally joined directly.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sintered hybrid component (3) is hot isostatically pressed and / or heat-treated.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process is the same powder-binder mixture with which the component was manufactured by injection molding.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process is a different powder-binder mixture than that with which the component was manufactured by injection molding.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process is provided as a melt filament for 3D printing.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process is melted in an extruder, pressed through a nozzle and selectively applied to the component.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the powder-binder mixture used in the additive manufacturing process is provided as a powder bed, is selectively melted by a laser and solidified.

18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (1, 10) is measured in the green, brown or sintered state before its modification.

19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (1, 10) in the green, brown or sintered state for the purpose of its modification by an additive manufacturing process is inserted into a system for additive manufacturing, a 3D CAD model for Modification of the component is created and the component is then modified using the powder-binder-based additive manufacturing process according to the 3D CAD model created.

20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a component of a gas turbine engine is produced as the hybrid component (3).