EP4116486A1 - Intermediate layer, system for fixing an intermediate layer on a railway sleeper and method for producing an intermediate layer - Google Patents

Abstract

Intermediate layer (1), in particular an intermediate rail layer, for arrangement between a rail and a railway sleeper (30), comprising a central region (6), at least one mounting region (8) and at least one holding bracket (2) for fixing the intermediate layer (1) to the railway sleeper (30) by an angled guide plate (20), the mounting area (8) being arranged in particular in a lateral edge area of the intermediate layer (1), the retaining tab (2) being at least partially arranged in the mounting area (8).

Description

The invention relates to an intermediate layer, a system for fastening an intermediate layer to a railway sleeper and a method for producing an intermediate layer.

Spacers are used for rail fastening systems and are used there for elastic damping or decoupling between a railway rail, also simply referred to below as rail, and a railway sleeper, also simply referred to below as railway sleeper. In order to speed up and simplify installation at the installation site, rail pads are often already pre-assembled on the railway sleeper, for example in concrete sleepers. So that the intermediate layer does not slip or get lost during transport to the place of use, it is usually necessary to fasten or fix it in some way. According to the state of the art, this can be done, for example, by gluing the intermediate layer onto the sleeper and/or by using additional holding elements, such as tapes or foils. However, these measures usually mean additional effort during installation in the concrete swell and cause additional costs due to the material used, especially in the form of adhesive or the additional elements. Furthermore, the exchange of intermediate layers, which are glued on, is usually made more difficult.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide an intermediate layer which enables simplified pre-assembly that is safe for transport and requires as little time and/or cost as possible.

This object is achieved by an intermediate layer according to claim 1, a system for fastening an intermediate layer on a railway sleeper according to claim 11 and a method according to claim 13. Further advantages, features and advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims, the description and the figures and their description.

According to a first aspect of the invention, an intermediate layer, in particular a rail intermediate layer, is provided for arrangement between a rail and a railway sleeper. The intermediate layer comprises a central area, at least one mounting area and at least one retaining tab for fixing the intermediate layer to the railway sleeper by or by means of an angled guide plate, with the mounting area being arranged in particular in a lateral edge area of the intermediate layer, with the retaining tab being arranged at least partially in the mounting area . The intermediate layer can preferably be made of a plastic, in particular a rubber material. The intermediate layer can have a longitudinal direction, the longitudinal direction in the assembled state corresponding in particular to a track direction. Furthermore, the intermediate layer can have a transverse direction, which runs transversely to the longitudinal direction, and a vertical direction, which runs both perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction and perpendicularly to the transverse direction. In particular, the intermediate layer can have a smaller extent in the vertical direction than in the longitudinal direction and/or in the transverse direction. The central area can be arranged in the middle of the intermediate layer, in particular when viewed in the transverse direction. The central portion may extend in the longitudinal direction from a first end of the shim to a second end of the shim. The central area can be provided and/or designed so that a rail can run on the central area, in particular when installed the extent of the central region in the transverse direction can in particular correspond approximately to the width of the rail, in particular can have a maximum extent which is at most 25% wider than the width of the rail. Viewed in the transverse direction, the lateral edge area can adjoin the central area. The lateral edge region can extend in the longitudinal direction from the first end of the intermediate layer to the second end of the intermediate layer. Two lateral edge areas can be provided which, viewed in the transverse direction, each adjoin the central area on opposite sides. The mounting area can be arranged in the lateral edge area of the intermediate layer and/or correspond to the lateral edge area of the intermediate layer. The mounting area can have a longitudinal extent in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer. Viewed in the transverse direction of the intermediate layer, the assembly area can form an end area of the intermediate layer. The mounting area can be designed to enable the intermediate layer to be connected to the angled guide plate. The holding tab can connect to the mounting area and/or to the central area. The retaining tab can preferably have an extension in the transverse direction, with the retaining tab extending in particular at least partially in the mounting area. The holding tab can extend at least 20%, preferably predominantly (for example at least 60%) and particularly preferably at least 80% in the mounting area. In particular, the retaining tab can protrude beyond the assembly area in the transverse direction of the intermediate layer, pointing away from the central area. The retaining tab can be designed in such a way that it can be fixed, in particular clamped, in particular by a force fit and/or form fit between the railroad tie and the angled guide plate. In particular, the entire intermediate layer can also be fixed by fixing the holding tab. The retaining tab can in particular be a part of the intermediate layer which, in particular, cannot be reversibly separated from the intermediate layer. Advantageously, the intermediate layer can thus be arranged on the railway sleeper so that it is safe to transport, without the provision of additional materials, such as adhesive, additional tapes and/or foils, and/or additional work steps, e.g For example, gluing or attaching tapes or foils to the intermediate layer is necessary. Efficient protection against loss can thus be provided. Provision can be made for a mounting area and a retaining tab to be arranged in each of the two edge areas in the case of two lateral edge areas.

Advantageously, the intermediate layer, in particular rail intermediate layer, and the retaining tab can be formed in one piece, in particular produced by simultaneous extrusion. The intermediate layer can advantageously be produced in a single extrusion process, in particular without an additional work step for producing and/or attaching the holding tab to the intermediate layer. A one-piece design can advantageously prevent the retaining tab from being lost. Furthermore, it can be ensured that the holding tab for fixing between the railway sleeper and the angled guide plate is arranged in the correct position. An extrusion process for manufacturing the spacer is typically cheaper compared to an injection molding process and often enables a higher output of spacers. The extrusion direction in which the extrusion process is carried out can advantageously correspond to the longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer.

Advantageously, the retaining tab can extend in a longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer, in particular over at least 2/3 of the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer, preferably 0.9 times the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer and particularly preferably over essentially the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer and/ or the retaining tab may have a substantially constant extension along the longitudinal direction in a transverse direction of the retaining tab. Extending the retaining tab over at least 2/3 or two-thirds of the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer can enable particularly effective fixing of the retaining tab and thus in particular also the intermediate layer by means of the angled guide plate. In particular, the retaining tab can be designed in such a way that a predominant part of its longitudinal extent, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 80% of its longitudinal extent, can be contacted in the longitudinal direction with the angled guide plate. An extension of the retaining tab over at least 0.9 times the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer can mean in particular that the angled guide plate in its entire longitudinal extent in the direction of the longitudinal direction or almost in its entire longitudinal extent, in particular at least 85% and/or at most 99% of its entire longitudinal extension, can be brought into contact with the retaining tab. An extension of the holding tab over essentially the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer can in particular mean an extension over 95% to 100% of the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer. In particular, it can be provided that the retaining tab extends over the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer within the framework of the precision required by the construction. Extending the retaining tab over essentially the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer can enable the retaining tab or the intermediate layer to be fixed particularly well by the angled guide plate and at the same time be relatively easy to implement using an extrusion process, particularly if the extrusion direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, the retaining tab can have a substantially constant cross section when viewed in the longitudinal direction. A constant cross section can be realized relatively easily, particularly in the case of an extrusion. A constant extension of the retaining pocket in the transverse direction can be achieved relatively easily by the extrusion process on the one hand and on the other hand enable a largely uniform fixation of the retaining tab or the intermediate layer between the railway sleeper and the angled guide plate.

Advantageously, the mounting area can include a receiving area aligned laterally, in particular in the transverse direction of the intermediate layer, for receiving a front part of the angled guide plate, the at least one retaining tab being arranged at least partially, in particular for the most part, in the receiving area. The receiving area can be designed in such a way that the angled guide plate can be inserted into the receiving area in the transverse direction and/or in the vertical direction. "For the most part" can in particular mean that the holding tab is arranged to more than 20% in the receiving area. More than 50% of the holding tab can preferably be arranged in the receiving area. This can enable a particularly good fixation with at the same time low material expenditure of the holding tab. An extension of the receiving area in the longitudinal direction can essentially correspond to an extension of the angled guide plate in the longitudinal direction. The retaining tab can be attached to the mounting area or to the central area and protrude into the receiving area. Alternatively or additionally, the holding tab can be attached to a side of the intermediate layer that delimits the receiving area in the transverse direction. The side of the intermediate layer that delimits the receiving area in the transverse direction can be a contact area for contacting the angled guide plate.

Advantageously, the receiving area can be formed by a lateral recess, in particular punched out, in the mounting area. The recess can be designed in such a way that the intermediate layer, seen in the longitudinal direction, has a smaller extension in the transverse direction in the area of the receiving area than in areas beyond the receiving area. A recess, in particular a punched portion, can be particularly easy to produce, e.g. by means of a punching process.

Advantageously, the receiving area can be delimited by at least one side area, preferably two opposite side areas in the longitudinal direction, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer and/or a longitudinal direction of the rail, with the retaining tab also being arranged in particular under the side areas. In other words, it can be provided that the side area and the holding tab are arranged one above the other in a vertical direction of the intermediate layer. Additionally or alternatively, the holding tab can be arranged partially in the vertical direction below other areas of the intermediate layer, in particular the mounting area and/or the central area. The side areas can in particular be designed as extensions of the intermediate layer extending in the transverse direction. The side panels can extend from the receiving area to one end of the intermediate layer in the longitudinal direction and/or be rectangular. The side areas can facilitate positioning of the angled guide plate and/or prevent the angled guide plate from slipping in the longitudinal direction during installation. An extension of the side areas in a transverse direction pointing away from the central area can be at least as large as a corresponding extension of the holding tab, preferably larger. Such an extension of the side areas can serve, for example, to protect the holding tab.

Advantageously, the mounting area can include a lateral contact area for contacting a front part of the angled guide plate, it being possible in particular for the holding tab to protrude beyond the contact area. In particular, the retaining tab can protrude beyond the contact area in the transverse direction. Protruding of the retaining tab can in particular mean that the retaining tab extends further in the transverse direction, in particular as seen from the central area, than the lateral contact area. In other words, viewed in the transverse direction, one end of the holding tab can be further spaced from the central area than the contact area. Protruding of the retaining tab can in particular mean that the retaining tab extends further in the transverse direction, in particular from the central area, than the lateral contact area. The lateral contact area can extend in the longitudinal direction and have a substantially constant extent in the vertical direction and/or in the transverse direction. Advantageously, the angled guide plate can be placed adjacent to the contact area and thereby fix the protruding part of the retaining tab to the sleeper.

Advantageously, the retaining tab can be formed so that it is flush with an underside of the intermediate layer, and/or the retaining tab can be fastened to the intermediate layer so that it can be folded down elastically. In other words, the retaining tab can only (ie exclusively) end flush with the underside of the intermediate layer. The holding tab can therefore not be flush with the upper side of the intermediate layer. The retaining tab can therefore be thinner than the intermediate layer.

As a result, the retaining tab can be more easily elastically deformed. Therefore, overall handling of the interposer during manufacture can be improved. The retention tab may be formed by a substantially constant longitudinal cut in the innerliner. The underside is in particular a side of the intermediate layer which is arranged opposite in the vertical direction to the side provided for the rail support. In particular, the retaining tab can be elastically deformable and/or can be placed against the intermediate layer in such a way that its extent in the vertical direction does not exceed the extent of the rest of the intermediate layer in the vertical direction. The retaining tab can be folded over elastically in such a way that an extension of the retaining tab, in particular on the underside of the intermediate layer, extends beyond an extension of the intermediate layer in the vertical direction. The retaining tab can be designed in such a way that an elastic folding over of the retaining tab corresponds approximately to a rotation about an axis which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction. In other words, the holding tab can be designed in such a way that folding over the holding tab means a movement in the vertical direction and/or in the transverse direction. The retaining tab can in particular be folded over in such a way that the retaining tab is no longer arranged in the receiving area of the mounting area and/or that the retaining tab is completely offset in the transverse direction in relation to the receiving area, in particular in the direction of the central area. Advantageously, a foldable retaining tab can make it possible for the receiving area to be produced by punching out, without the retaining tab being damaged in the process.

Advantageously, the mounting portion may have a constant or variable first thickness, with the retaining tab having a constant or variable second thickness, the second thickness being consistently less than the first thickness. The first and/or the second thickness can in particular correspond to an extension in the vertical direction. A smaller thickness of the retaining tab can be particularly advantageous in that material can be saved and/or that the retaining tab can be fixed particularly effectively between the angled guide plate and the railway sleeper.

The thickness of the holding tab can advantageously be between 0.1 and 6 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 5 mm and particularly preferably between 0.5 and 3.0 mm. A thickness of between 0.1 and 6 mm can in particular make it possible for the retaining tab to be less thick than the mounting area, which means that, for example, the angled guide plate can advantageously rest against the intermediate layer at the same time and the retaining tab can be fixed to the railway sleeper with an underside of the angled guide plate. A thickness of between 0.3 and 5 mm can enable the angled guide plate to rest particularly well against the intermediate layer. A thickness of between 0.5 and 3 mm can ensure good stability of the holding tab and, at the same time, a sufficiently large contact surface for the angled guide plate on the intermediate layer.

Advantageously, the retaining tab can have a first length in a transverse direction of the intermediate layer, in particular from its attachment to the intermediate layer to its end, the intermediate layer having a second length in the transverse direction, with a ratio of the first length to the second length of 0.003 to 0.3, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.08. A ratio of 0.003 to 0.3 can allow sufficient flexibility of the retaining tab to be able to bend back the retaining tab, in particular when punching out a recess on the intermediate layer. A ratio of 0.001 to 0.1 can mean a particularly favorable dimensioning of the holding tab in order to effectively enable fixing with the angled guide plate. A ratio of 0.01 to 0.08 can allow the retaining tab to move flexibly, with the retaining tab being able to be easily controlled and positioned at the same time with this dimensioning, so that accidental deflection of the retaining tab when fixing with the angled guide plate is less in relation to other dimensions can be likely.

Advantageously, the retaining tab can have a length or extension of 0.5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 1 mm to 20 mm and particularly preferably 2 mm to 12 mm in a transverse direction of the intermediate layer from its attachment to the intermediate layer to its end. A length of 0.5 mm to 50 mm can allow sufficient flexibility of the retaining tab to be able to bend back the retaining tab, in particular when punching out a recess on the intermediate layer. A length of 1 mm to 20 mm can mean a particularly favorable dimensioning of the holding lug in order to effectively enable fixing with the angled guide plate. A length of 2 mm to 12 mm can allow flexible mobility of the retaining tab, with the retaining tab being able to be easily controlled and positioned at the same time with this dimensioning, so that accidental bending of the retaining tab when fixing with the angled guide plate is less likely than with other dimensions can.

Advantageously, the holding tab can have at least one, preferably several, elevations and/or depressions. In particular, the retaining tab can have a surface structure defined by elevations and/or depressions. The elevations and/or depressions can in particular be bulges, nubs, ribs and/or grooves. The elevations and/or depressions can make it possible for the retaining tab to be particularly secure against slipping when it is clamped between the angled guide plate and the railway sleeper. As a result, the effective clamping force in particular can be increased. An extension of the elevations and/or depressions in a vertical direction can advantageously have a ratio of 0.09-0.05 to a maximum thickness of the holding tab in the vertical direction. This ratio can allow the retaining tab to be secure against slipping while at the same time providing good stability of the retaining tab.

The intermediate layer can advantageously be made of a thermoplastic material and/or an elastomer material. For example, the intermediate layer made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic elastomer (e.g. TPE-U or TPE-E or TPU or TPC), natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and/or polyurethane (PUR). The intermediate layer can be foamed or made from a solid material. The holding tab can be made of the same material as the rest of the intermediate layer. For example, the entire intermediate layer, including the retaining tab, can be made of a thermoplastic or an elastomer. This can enable particularly simple production. Alternatively, the holding tab can be made of a different material than the rest of the intermediate layer. For example, the retaining tab can be made from a thermoplastic, while the rest of the intermediate layer is made from an elastomer, or vice versa. For example, the materials of the retaining tab and/or the rest of the intermediate layer can be matched to the particular requirements placed on them. The retaining tab can be made, for example, from a softer and/or more flexible material than the rest of the intermediate layer, in particular to make it easier to fold down the retaining tab. Furthermore, the material difference can result in the holding tab being more elastic than the rest of the intermediate layer. Therefore, in a further process step (such as, for example, stamping, milling, tearing or the like), the holding tab can be easily bent to the side. This can ensure that the intermediate layer is not damaged. ,0

Advantageously, the thickness of the intermediate layer can vary. Varying the thickness of the shim may allow for an adjustment to the different loads of different areas or sections of the shim in use and/or allow the flexibility of the shim to be adjusted. For example, when a train runs over it, the load on the center of the liner can be different than the outer portions of the liner. In particular, in the case of curves in the installed rails, a load on the intermediate layer or a force acting on the intermediate layer can be inhomogeneous when trains are crossing.

Advantageously, the intermediate layer can have an upper side and an underside, with the intermediate layer having a plurality of indentations in a central area of the intermediate layer, in particular in an area provided for supporting the rail, on the upper side and/or the underside, in particular in relation to a vertical direction can, wherein the depressions on the upper side are preferably arranged offset to the depressions on the underside, the depressions running longitudinally in particular in a direction parallel to the sides of the intermediate layer, in particular in a rail longitudinal direction or a longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer. In particular, the depressions can run along the longitudinal direction from a first end of the intermediate layer to a second end of the intermediate layer. At least some depressions can be tapered in the vertical direction, in particular towards their bottom. In the vertical direction, the indentations can essentially and/or, within the scope of the construction-related accuracy, have an extent corresponding exactly to half, in particular the maximum, thickness of the intermediate layer. "Substantially" here can mean with a deviation of ±15%. The indentations can have a constant cross-section when viewed in the longitudinal direction. The depressions can be arranged in particular in the central area of the intermediate layer. Advantageously, the indentations cannot be arranged opposite one another on the upper side and the lower side. The indentations can be arranged alternately on the upper side and the lower side of the intermediate layer, viewed in the transverse direction. The indentations can allow for greater flexibility and/or pliability of the intermediate layer and/or a saving in material, with sufficient stability being able to be maintained in particular at the same time.

Advantageously, the retaining tab can be attached to the intermediate layer laterally as an extension, in particular flush with an underside of the intermediate layer. The retaining tab as an extension can have a smaller thickness, in particular in the vertical direction, than the area of the intermediate layer directly adjoining the extension and/or than a maximum thickness of the intermediate layer in the vertical direction Direction. On the one hand, a flush termination of the holding tab can mean a particularly simple manufacture, on the other hand, a flush termination can under certain circumstances reduce the risk of the retaining tab tearing off the intermediate layer. In addition, the intermediate layer can be easily positioned on the railroad tie with a flush-fitting holding tab.

Advantageously, the holding tab can be fastened or arranged on an underside of the intermediate layer. The underside can be understood in relation to a vertical direction of the interposer. In particular, the underside can be that side which is intended to rest on the railroad tie and/or which is arranged opposite an upper side which is intended for contacting the rail. A retaining tab fastened to the underside of the intermediate layer can on the one hand allow the retaining tab to be flexibly folded away or folded down away from the intermediate layer in order in particular to allow a recess to be punched out as a receiving area without damaging the retaining tab. On the other hand, it can be made possible for the retaining tab to be fixed particularly effectively to the railway sleeper in an area below the intermediate layer and/or in a lower area of the intermediate layer by means of the angled guide plate. The holding tab can be arranged on the intermediate layer in such a way that it does not protrude beyond the outer contour of the intermediate layer in a top view of the intermediate layer. The outer contour can have a rectangular shape, which corresponds to a general course of the intermediate layer. In other words, the recess of the receiving area cannot be represented by the contour. Rather, the four outermost corners of the intermediate layer can each be connected to the nearest corner point of the intermediate layer with straight lines, so that the outer contour of the intermediate layer is formed. As a result, a particularly effective intermediate layer can be formed, since it has a relatively large bearing surface for the track and still offers the possibility of fixing the intermediate layer to the sleeper by means of a retaining strap (for example when the sleeper is being transported). So the retaining tab cannot be replaced by one side face of the liner (one of the four small faces of the liner) but from the bottom (one of the two large faces of the liner).

Advantageously, a thickness of the holding tab can vary, in particular in a transverse direction of the intermediate layer. In particular, the thickness of the retaining tab can increase or decrease uniformly in the transverse direction outwards. A varying thickness of the retaining tab can enable a particularly stable fastening or fixing of the retaining tab between the railroad tie and the angled guide plate. A thickness that decreases towards the outside can enable the angled guide plate to be pushed onto the holding lug in a particularly simple manner. A thickness that increases toward the outside can enable the holding tab to be held particularly effectively between the railroad tie and the angled guide plate. For example, the angled guide plate and/or the railway sleeper can have a correspondingly adapted oblique shape in an area provided for contacting the retaining tab, in particular such that a retaining tab that becomes thicker toward the outside can be clamped with it.

Advantageously, the retaining tab can have a thickening at the end of the tab, with the thickness of the retaining tab in particular being constant for the most part, apart from the end of the tab. The tab end can in particular be an end of the retaining tab which is furthest away from the point at which the retaining tab attaches to the intermediate layer and/or which is arranged on the side of the retaining tab pointing away from the central region. The tab end can extend uniformly in particular in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer, in particular in the entire longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer and/or within the longitudinal extent of the receiving area. In particular, the retaining tab can have a tab end with a circular cross-section viewed in the longitudinal direction. In particular, it can be provided that the angled guide plate has a corresponding recess matching the tab end of the retaining tab, which advantageously results in the thickening the retaining tab can be clamped particularly effectively under the angled guide plate.

Advantageously, the intermediate layer can comprise several, in particular two, mounting areas, the mounting areas being arranged in particular on opposite sides of the intermediate layer, with at least one retaining tab being at least partially arranged in particular in each mounting area. The intermediate layer can be produced in such a way that both assembly areas can be extruded at the same time, in particular together with the retaining tabs. The mounting areas can in particular connect to opposite sides of the central area, viewed in the transverse direction. Advantageously, retaining tabs can be fixed to the railway sleeper on both sides of the intermediate layer, seen in the transverse direction, by means of the angled guide plate. This can mean a particularly effective and secure fixation of the intermediate layer.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a system is provided for fastening an intermediate layer on a railway sleeper, comprising an intermediate layer with at least one retaining tab, in particular an intermediate layer as described above or below, a railway sleeper and at least one angled guide plate, preferably two angled guide plates, wherein the Intermediate layer is fixed by the angled guide plate by means of the retaining strap on the railway sleeper. All the advantages and features described for the intermediate layer can be transferred analogously to the system for fastening an intermediate layer and vice versa. Preferably, the system can comprise two retaining tabs and two angled guide plates, each of the retaining tabs being fixed to the railway sleeper by a respective angled guide plate for fixing the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer can be fixed in particular by arranging the retaining lug between the railroad tie and the angled guide plate, viewed in the vertical direction, with the angled guide plate exerting a clamping force on the holding lug oriented along the vertical direction towards the railroad tie. The at least one angled guide plate can be made of metal. The at least one angled guide plate can by means of a fastener, in particular a tension clamp, preferably a W-tension clamp, be attached to the railway sleeper. In particular, the at least one angled guide plate can be fastened to the railway sleeper together with the tension clamp by means of at least one sleeper screw. The angled guide plate and/or the tension clamp can exert a force in the vertical direction on the retaining tab, the retaining tab being fixed in particular in a non-positive manner. The tension clamp can also be used to hold a rail in place during on-site installation. The sleeper can preferably be made of concrete.

Advantageously, a front part of the angled guide plate can be arranged in a receiving area of the intermediate layer, with the holding tab being clamped between the front part of the angled guide plate and the railway sleeper. The receiving area can be suitable for ensuring correct positioning of the angled guide plate, in particular in relation to the retaining tab.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for producing an intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer as described herein, is provided. The method includes the step of simultaneously extruding at least one retaining tab and the intermediate layer from a plastic material, in particular a thermoplastic and/or elastomer material. All the advantages and features described for the intermediate layer and/or the system for fastening an intermediate layer can be transferred analogously to the method and vice versa. An extrusion process can have the advantage over an injection molding process that greater efficiency is possible during production and costs, in particular mold costs, can be saved. Furthermore, the simultaneous extrusion of the entire intermediate layer, including the holding tab, can have the advantage that a holding element is already attached to the intermediate layer in one work step. Additional costs and an additional expenditure of time for the attachment of holding elements can thereby be avoided.

Advantageously, the intermediate layer and the at least one retaining tab can be extruded in such a way that the retaining tab is attached to an underside of the intermediate layer after extrusion and/or that the retaining tab is attached as an extension to one side of the intermediate layer after extrusion, with the retaining tab being particularly flush is extruded with an underside of the intermediate layer, and/or that the retaining tab is produced by an incision in the lateral end of the intermediate layer as an elastic, foldable part of the intermediate layer. A retaining tab, which is attached to the underside of the intermediate layer, can advantageously be particularly well suited for being fixed underneath an angled guide plate due to its positioning. Furthermore, such an embodiment can, for example, be elastically bent away particularly well backwards and/or downwards. Simply bending it away can be advantageous in order to protect the retaining tab when a receiving area for the angled guide plate is punched out, in that the retaining tab can be removed from the punched area. Flush termination with an underside can serve to protect the retaining tab and/or prevent snagging or snagging at the base of the retaining tab during installation. Forming the holding tab as an incision can represent a particularly compact and/or material-saving variant.

It can advantageously be provided that after the extrusion step in an assembly area, in particular in the area of the at least one retaining tab, a receiving area for receiving a front part of an angled guide plate is punched out of the intermediate layer, with the retaining tab not being punched out during punching, in particular by preferably elastically bending back or bending away the retaining tab during the punching and/or by advancing a means for stopping the punching process in front of the retaining tab and/or by adjusting the punching depth. The mounting area can be arranged in a lateral edge area of the intermediate layer. The mounting area can have a longitudinal extent in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer. Viewed in the transverse direction, the assembly area can form an end area of the intermediate layer. In particular, the retaining tab can move in the direction of a central area of the intermediate layer from a lateral edge area or the mounting area be bent away from the intermediate layer. In particular, the retaining tab can be rotated about its starting point on the intermediate layer, which runs in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate layer, in particular rotated away from the lateral edge area of the intermediate layer. By bending back and/or otherwise protecting the retaining tab, the security of the retaining tab can be maintained. This relatively simple step can thus advantageously replace significantly more complex steps such as the provision and gluing of additional holding elements. The manufacturing process of the intermediate layer can thus be simplified and/or accelerated. A further step can optionally be provided, in which case the intermediate layer is fixed by clamping the at least one retaining tab between an angled guide plate and a railway sleeper.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht auf eine Zwischenlage gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht auf eine Zwischenlage gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 3

eine Seitenansicht auf eine Zwischenlage gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht auf eine Zwischenlage gemäß einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 5

eine Perspektivansicht auf einen Ausschnitt einer Zwischenlage gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht von oben auf eine Haltelasche gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht von oben auf eine Zwischenlage gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 8

eine Draufsicht von oben auf eine Zwischenlage mit zwei Winkelführungsplatten gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht von oben auf eine auf einer Bahnschwelle angeordneten Zwischenlage gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 10

eine Draufsicht von oben auf ein System mit einer Zwischenlage, einer Bahnschwelle und zwei Winkelführungsplatten gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung und

Fig. 11

eine schematische Darstellung eines Verfahrens gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments of the subject according to the invention with reference to the attached figures. The following description is merely illustrative of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the appended claims to any embodiment. Show it

1

a side view of an intermediate layer according to a first embodiment of the invention,

2

a side view of an intermediate layer according to a second embodiment of the invention,

3

a side view of an intermediate layer according to a third embodiment of the invention,

4

a side view of an intermediate layer according to a fourth embodiment of the invention,

figure 5

a perspective view of a section of an intermediate layer according to an embodiment of the invention,

6

a top view of a retaining tab according to an embodiment of the invention,

7

a top view of an interposer according to an embodiment of the invention,

8

a plan view from above of an intermediate layer with two angled guide plates according to an embodiment of the invention,

9

a plan view from above of an intermediate layer arranged on a railway sleeper according to an embodiment of the invention,

10

12 is a top plan view of a system with a liner, a sleeper and two angled guide plates according to an embodiment of the invention and FIG

11

a schematic representation of a method according to an embodiment of the invention.

the figure 1 shows a side view of an intermediate layer 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The intermediate layer 1 comprises a central area 6 on which a rail can be arranged, and two mounting areas 8 on which angled guide plates 20 can be arranged. The mounting areas each include a retaining tab 2, each of which has a smaller thickness or a smaller extension in the vertical direction V than the adjoining area of the intermediate layer 2. In this embodiment, the retaining tabs adjoin the rest of the intermediate layer in the transverse direction Q and are flush in the vertical direction V with one side (in this illustration the right side) or underside of the intermediate layer 1. In particular, it is provided that in installed state, the rail contacted the intermediate layer 1 on an opposite side or top. The side or underside of the intermediate layer 2, which runs flush with the retaining tab 2, and the retaining tab 2 are intended to contact a railroad tie 30 or to rest on the railroad tie 30 in the installed state and during transport to the installation site. Provision is made for the angled guide plates 20 to lie against a contact area 12 of the intermediate layer and (partially) to rest on a retaining tab 2 each during transport to the installation site and in the installed state. As a result, in particular each of the two retaining tabs 2 can be fixed or clamped between a respective angled guide plate 20 and the railway sleeper 30, as a result of which the intermediate layer 1 can also be fixed in place so that it cannot slip. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to provide only one holding tab 2 which can be clamped by one of the angled guide plates 20 on the sleeper 30 . In this embodiment, the intermediate layer 1 optionally has a plurality of indentations 14 in the vertical direction V, the indentations 14 tapering somewhat in the vertical direction towards the middle of the intermediate layer 1 . Seen in the longitudinal direction L, the depressions 14 have a substantially constant profile. In this embodiment, this also applies to the remaining parts of the intermediate layer 1, as a result of which a particularly simple production of the intermediate layer 1 by means of extrusion is possible.

the figure 2 shows a side view of an intermediate layer 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. In the following, only the essential differences between these and the other embodiments will be discussed. In the figure 2 shown embodiment of the intermediate layer 1 differs from that in figure 1 in particular with regard to the mounting areas 8. The mounting areas 8 here also each comprise a retaining tab 2, the retaining tab being attached to an underside of the intermediate layer 1, however, in this exemplary embodiment. The mounting areas 8 also each include two side areas 18, which adjoin the intermediate layer 1 as lateral extensions in the transverse direction. This requires an H-shape of the intermediate layer 1, as can be seen in particular in the plan view shown in FIG. 7 of an exemplary embodiment, which can correspond to that in FIG. Both mounting areas 8 include a Recording area 10, which is delimited in the longitudinal direction by two side areas 18, and which is covered by a side area 18 in this representation. The retaining tabs 2 are each arranged partially in the vertical direction below the side areas 18 , partially in the receiving area 10 and partially on an underside of the intermediate layer 1 .

the figure 3 shows a side view of an intermediate layer 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention. In contrast to the embodiment in figure 2 the retaining tab 2 here is flush with the underside (in this illustration, the right side) of the intermediate layer 1 is formed. For example, the retaining tab 2 can be produced together with the intermediate layer 1 by extrusion in the longitudinal direction L in such a way that the retaining tab 2 is cut away from the intermediate layer 1 in the vertical direction V and is only connected to the intermediate layer 1 in the transverse direction Q. In this embodiment, too, two side areas 18 lying opposite one another in the longitudinal direction L are provided for each mounting area 8 and delimit the receiving area 10 in the longitudinal direction L. Also here, the holding tab 2 is arranged partly below the side areas 18 and partly in the receiving area 10 . However, the retaining tab 2 is not attached to an underside of the intermediate layer 1 from below or in the vertical direction V.

the figure 4 shows a side view of an intermediate layer 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. In most respects it corresponds to that in figure 3 , but differs in that the retaining tabs 2 each have a thickening 4 at their end pointing away from the central region 6 in the transverse direction Q. Seen in the longitudinal direction L, the thickening 4 has an approximately circular cross-sectional shape, the cross-sectional shape of the retaining tab 2 in the longitudinal direction L being essentially constant.

the figure 5 shows a perspective view of a section of an intermediate layer 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, the intermediate layer 1 here has a number of depressions which run in the longitudinal direction with a relatively constant cross-section. It is easy to see here that the retaining tab 2 is partially arranged below the visible side area 18 . Furthermore, the retaining tab is partially arranged in the receiving area 10 or below the receiving area 10 . The receiving area can be produced by punching out after the intermediate layer 1 has been extruded. For this purpose, the retaining tab 2, which is already folded down a little here, can be folded over to the left in the transverse direction Q so that it is not damaged during the punching or is also punched out.

the figure 6 12 shows a top view of a retaining tab 2 according to an embodiment of the invention. The retaining tab 2 has a plurality of indentations 14 and elevations 16 which are pronounced in the vertical direction and run in the longitudinal direction from one end of the retaining tab 2 to the opposite end of the retaining tab 2 . These elevations 16 and depressions 14 can provide a better grip for the holding tab 2 and thus increase the holding force when the holding tab 2 is pinched between an angled guide plate 20 and a railway sleeper 30 .

the figure 7 Figure 12 shows a plan view from above of an interposer 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. This embodiment can, for example, be that in figure 2 or the one in figure 3 correspond. Optional top wells are indicated by solid lines, optional back wells are indicated by dashed lines. In this perspective, an H-shape of the intermediate layer 1 can be clearly seen. This H-shape is produced in particular by the side areas 18 which delimit two receiving areas 10 in the longitudinal direction L. The receiving areas 10 are also delimited in the transverse direction Q by a respective contact area 12 . The contact areas 12 each serve to support an angled guide plate 20. A configuration with adjacent angled guide plates 20 is shown in FIG figure 8 shown. There is also clearly visible that the angled guide plates 20 are limited by the receiving areas 10 in terms of their positioning, whereby a correct positioning is simplified. In figure 7 holding tabs 2 can also be seen, one holding tab 2 being arranged in each of the two receiving areas 2 . If the angled guide plates 20 as in figure 8 shown are placed in the receiving areas, then they rest on the holding tabs 2 and can clamp them on a substrate, in particular on a railroad tie 30 arranged under the intermediate layer 20 .

In figure 10 1 is a top plan view of a system including a liner 1, a sleeper 30 and two angle guide plates 20 according to an embodiment of the invention. The angle guide plates 20 and the intermediate layer 1 correspond to those from the figures 8 and 9 . The intermediate layer 1 can thus be fixed on the railway sleeper 30 by means of the retaining tabs 2 by means of the angled guide plates 20 . The angled guide plates 20 can be fixed to the railway sleeper 30 in particular by means of W-clamps and sleeper screws (not shown). figure 9 shows a configuration in which the angled guide plates 20 are not yet arranged on the sleeper 30. As a result, the two receiving areas 10, each with a holding tab 2, can be seen.

In figure 11 1 is shown a schematic representation of a method according to an embodiment of the invention. In the method, in a first step 101, an intermediate layer 1 with a retaining tab 2 is extruded in one piece. The intermediate layer 1 and/or the retaining tab 2 is made in particular from a thermoplastic and/or an elastomer material. The intermediate layer 1 and the retaining tab 2 are extruded in such a way that the retaining tab 2 attaches to the intermediate layer 1 as an extension on an underside of the intermediate layer 1 (seen in the vertical direction V) or on one side of the intermediate layer 1 (seen in the transverse direction). In particular, the retaining tab 2 can be formed as an incision in the lateral end of the intermediate layer 1. The material of the holding tab is chosen so that the intermediate layer is elastically bendable. In a next step 102, the retaining tab 2 is bent back in the direction of a central area 6 of the intermediate layer 1. Finally, in a third step 103, in a mounting area 8, a receiving area 10 for receiving an angled guide plate 20 is punched out of the intermediate layer 1, the retaining tab 2 still being bent back and thus not being punched out.

Reference list:

1

liner

2

retaining tab

4

thickening

6

central area

8th

assembly area

10

recording area

12

contact area

14

deepening

16

elevation

18

side panel

20

angle guide plate

30

railway sleeper

L

longitudinal direction

Q

transverse direction

V

vertical direction

101-103

process steps

Claims (15)

Intermediate layer (1), in particular rail intermediate layer, for arrangement between a rail and a railway sleeper (30), comprising a central area (6), at least one assembly area (8) and at least one retaining strap (2) for fixing the intermediate layer (1) to the railway sleeper (30) by means of an angled guide plate (20), the assembly area (8) being arranged in particular in a lateral edge area of the intermediate layer (1), wherein the retaining tab (2) is at least partially arranged in the mounting area (8). Intermediate layer (1) according to claim 1,
wherein the intermediate layer (1) and the retaining tab (2) are formed in one piece and are in particular produced by simultaneous extrusion. Intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining tab (2) extends in a longitudinal direction (L) of the intermediate layer (1), in particular over at least 2/3 of the entire longitudinal direction (L) of the intermediate layer (1), preferably at least 0.9 times the entire longitudinal direction (L ) of the intermediate layer (1) and particularly preferably over the entire longitudinal direction (L) of the intermediate layer (1), and/or wherein the retaining tab (2) has a substantially constant extension along the longitudinal direction (L) in a transverse direction (Q) of the intermediate layer (1). Intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting area (8) comprises a laterally oriented receiving area (10) for receiving a front part of the angled guide plate (20), the at least one retaining tab (2) being arranged at least partially, in particular for the most part, in the receiving area (10). Intermediate layer (1) according to claim 4,
the receiving area (10) being formed by a lateral recess, in particular a punched-out portion, in the mounting area (8). Intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting area (8) comprises a lateral contact area (12) for contacting a front part of the angled guide plate (20), the retaining tab (2) preferably protruding beyond the contact area (12). Intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting area (8) has a constant or variable first thickness, wherein the retaining tab (2) has a constant or variable second thickness, wherein the second thickness is consistently less than the first thickness. Intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the retaining tab (2) is attached to an underside of the intermediate layer (1). Intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein a thickness of the holding tab (2), in particular in a transverse direction (Q) of the intermediate layer (1), varies. Intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layer (1) comprises several, in particular two, assembly areas (8), the mounting areas (8) in particular on opposite sides the intermediate layer (1) are arranged, at least one retaining tab (2) being at least partially arranged in each assembly area (8). System for fastening an intermediate layer (1) on a railway sleeper (30), comprising an intermediate layer (1) with at least one holding tab (2), in particular an intermediate layer (1) according to one of the preceding claims, a sleeper (30) and at least one angled guide plate (20), the intermediate layer (1) being fixed to the railway sleeper (30) by the angled guide plate (20) by means of the retaining tab (2). System according to claim 11, wherein a front part of the angled guide plate (20) is arranged in a receiving area (10) of the intermediate layer (1), the retaining tab (2) being clamped between the front part of the angled guide plate (20) and the sleeper (30). Method for producing an intermediate layer (1), in particular an intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, comprising the step: simultaneous extrusion of at least one retaining tab (2) and the intermediate layer (1) from a plastic material, in particular a thermoplastic and/or or elastomeric material. Method according to claim 13, wherein the intermediate layer (1) and the at least one retaining tab (2) are extruded in such a way that the retaining tab (2) is attached to an underside of the intermediate layer (1) after extrusion or that the retaining tab (2) is attached after extrusion as an extension on one side of the intermediate layer (1), wherein the retaining tab (2) in particular is extruded flush with an underside of the intermediate layer (1), or that the retaining tab (2) is produced by an incision in the lateral end of the intermediate layer (1) as an elastic, foldable part of the intermediate layer (1). Method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, after the extrusion step, a receiving area (10) for receiving a front part of an angled guide plate (20) is punched out of the intermediate layer (1) in an assembly area (8), in particular in the area of the at least one retaining tab (2), wherein the retaining tab (2) is not punched out during punching, in particular by bending back the retaining tab (2) during punching and/or by advancing a means to stop the punching process in front of the retaining tab (2) and/or by adjusting the punching depth.

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