EP4111490A1 - Procédé de réalisation d'une couche à base de nitrure d'aluminium (aln) sur une structure à base de silicium ou de matériaux iii-v - Google Patents
Procédé de réalisation d'une couche à base de nitrure d'aluminium (aln) sur une structure à base de silicium ou de matériaux iii-vInfo
- Publication number
- EP4111490A1 EP4111490A1 EP21706634.9A EP21706634A EP4111490A1 EP 4111490 A1 EP4111490 A1 EP 4111490A1 EP 21706634 A EP21706634 A EP 21706634A EP 4111490 A1 EP4111490 A1 EP 4111490A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- plasma
- substrate
- layer
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/16—Controlling or regulating
- C30B25/165—Controlling or regulating the flow of the reactive gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C23C16/303—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4408—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber by purging residual gases from the reaction chamber or gas lines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
- C23C16/45536—Use of plasma, radiation or electromagnetic fields
- C23C16/45538—Plasma being used continuously during the ALD cycle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/20—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate the substrate being of the same materials as the epitaxial layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/24—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials using chemical vapour deposition [CVD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/29—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by the substrates
- H10P14/2901—Materials
- H10P14/2902—Materials being Group IVA materials
- H10P14/2905—Silicon, silicon germanium or germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/29—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by the substrates
- H10P14/2901—Materials
- H10P14/2907—Materials being Group IIIA-VA materials
- H10P14/2908—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3402—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition
- H10P14/3414—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition being group IIIA-VIA materials
- H10P14/3416—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3466—Crystal orientation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/36—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by treatments done before the formation of the materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of a layer based on aluminum nitride (AIN) on a structure, such as a layer or nanostructures, based on materials III-N and III-V, and preferably based on Gallium nitride (GaN).
- AIN aluminum nitride
- GaN Gallium nitride
- AIN aluminum nitride
- AIN aluminum nitride
- AIN aluminum nitride
- AIN is a particularly useful material for making devices based on GaN.
- GAIN can be used as a passivation layer and thus ideally form a good quality AIN / GaN interface.
- the quality of the interface AIN / GaN and the AIN layer are then decisive in the correct operation of these transistors.
- the quality of the AIN / GaN interface and of the AIN layer directly affect the electrical performance of the devices such as the mobility of the electrons, the hysteresis and also the threshold voltage.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- PEALD plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition
- An object of the present invention is to meet at least one of these needs.
- the process comprises several cycles carried out in a plasma reactor comprising a reaction chamber within which is disposed a substrate comprising the structure. Each cycle includes at least the following steps:
- the deposition step comprising at least one injection into the reaction chamber of an aluminum-based precursor (Al) reacting with the exposed surface of the structure,
- the nitriding step comprising at least one injection into the reaction chamber of a nitrogen-based precursor and the formation in the reaction chamber of a based plasma. nitrogen reacting with the exposed surface of the structure.
- a non-zero bias voltage V iaS-substrate is applied to the substrate.
- the polarization of the structure during the injection of the nitride-based precursor makes it possible, on the one hand, to considerably improve the quality of the AIN layer and, on the other hand, to improve the quality. of the interface between this layer of AIN and the structure based on silicon or on a material taken from III-V materials. In particular, obtaining a crystalline layer of AIN of this quality was completely unexpected.
- the process thus uses the principle of PEALD-type deposits by modifying it to provide a bias voltage applied to the substrate during the nitriding step.
- this process makes it possible, in addition to obtaining an AIN layer of particularly high quality, to promote a crystallographic orientation (002). Thanks to this control of the polarization of the substrate, the energy of the ions which arrive on the exposed surface of the substrate is perfectly controlled, which makes it possible to modify the crystalline quality of the AIN, in particular the crystalline orientation.
- This layer of AIN can then be used as a primer layer followed by deposition of the AIN by a relatively rapid deposition technique, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) for example.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- the method For the preparation of a transistor whose active layer is based on a III-V material, the method notably avoids shifting the threshold voltage towards negative voltages, and improves the slope below the threshold.
- the process is thus particularly advantageous for the preparation of transistors, in particular power transistors, exhibiting good electrical properties.
- the method can significantly increase the performance of such devices.
- This AIN layer can also be used as a passivation layer for LEDs based on III-N materials.
- the application of a bias voltage V iaS-substrate to the substrate makes it possible to increase the energy of the ions of the plasma in a controlled manner independent of the voltage V piaSma induced by the source used to generate the nitrogen-based plasma .
- the efficiency of the plasma treatment can thus be modulated in a controlled manner to further improve the properties of the interface obtained.
- the electrical performance of the component is therefore improved.
- the method may further exhibit at least any one of the following characteristics which may be taken separately or in combination:
- the structure is based on silicon.
- the structure is based on a material taken from III-V materials.
- the material is taken from III-N materials.
- the material is GaN.
- the structure is made of GaN or is based on GaN.
- the structure is a layer. It has for example a face which extends over the entire plate. It can have a flat face. Alternatively, it can follow the shape of the reliefs underlying it. According to another example, the structure may not be a layer. It can include a nanostructure or a plurality of nanostructures.
- a nanostructure is a structure at least one dimension of which is less than 1 millimeter and preferably less than 500 nm (10 9 meters) and preferably less than 100 nm.
- a nanostructure can be three-dimensional (3D).
- the nanostructure may for example be a stud or a son extending in a main direction perpendicular to a face of the support substrate and having, in a plane perpendicular to this main direction, a section of less than 1 millimeter, preferably less than 500 nm, and preferably less than 100 nm.
- the nanostructure can also be a trench or a rib. It can also be a structure intended to form part or to form a device such as a transistor or a micromechanical or electromechanical device (MEMS, NEMS, etc.) or else an optical or optoelectronic device (MOEMS, etc.).
- the nanostructure is punctual. It does not extend over the entire plate. Thus, one face of the plate extends mainly in a plane and nanostructures extend from this face and in a direction perpendicular to this plane. These nanostructures are therefore discontinuous.
- V ias-substrate is less than or equal to 160 Volts.
- is greater than or equal to 10 Volts. According to one example, which
- V bias-substrate is equal to 35 Volts.
- V ias _substrate make it possible to obtain a particularly high quality of the AIN layer.
- they induce a crystallographic orientation (002).
- This very high quality AIN layer can then be used as a primer layer followed by deposition of the AIN by PVD for example.
- This layer could also be used as a passivation layer for LEDs based on III-N materials.
- the bias voltage V ias-SU bstrat is applied for at least 70%, and preferably 90%, of the duration T N of the formation of the nitrogen-based plasma. According to one example, the bias voltage V ias-SU bstrat is applied throughout the duration T N of the formation of the nitrogen-based plasma.
- the duration T N of the formation of the nitrogen-based plasma is sufficient to allow nitriding of the entire film formed at the surface of the structure.
- the bias voltage V ias-SU bstrat is not applied during the deposition of aluminum-based species.
- the bias voltage V ias-SU bstrat is applied only during the nitrogen-based plasma.
- V ias-SU bstrat is applied throughout the cycle.
- each cycle comprises, at least one step of purging the reaction chamber, the purging step comprising the injection into the reaction chamber of a neutral gas, the at least one purging step being carried out. at at least one and preferably at each of the following times:
- each cycle comprises at least one step of stabilizing the gases present in the reaction chamber, the stabilization step being carried out at least at the following instant: before the formation of the nitrogen-based plasma. Preferably after the purging step.
- the aluminum (Al) -based precursor is taken from trimethylaluminum and aluminum trichloride.
- the injection time T Ai of the aluminum-based precursor is sufficient to saturate the exposed surface of the structure, eg, of the GaN-based layer, preferably, T Ai is greater than or equal to 20 ms, preferably T A
- the nitrogen-based precursor (N) is taken from:
- the injection into the reaction chamber of an aluminum (Al) -based precursor is carried out before the injection into the. nitrogen (N) precursor reaction chamber.
- Al aluminum
- N nitrogen
- the step of nitriding the exposed surface of the structure is carried out, before the step of injecting the precursor based on aluminum (Al).
- the method comprises at least ten cycles and preferably at least fifty cycles. Preferably it comprises at least one hundred cycles and preferably about five hundred cycles.
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically represents a cycle forming an AIN film, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 schematically shows an example of a deposition reactor that can be used to implement the method according to the invention.
- Figures 3A and 3B are graphs illustrating the effect of substrate polarization during nitrogen-based plasma on the chemical environment of nitrogen.
- Figure 3A illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectrometric measurements of the N1s environment for different AII deposits at different average bias voltages.
- Figure 3B illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage contribution of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with an "a” contribution and with a "b” contribution as a function of the mean bias voltage.
- Figure 4A illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage contribution of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with the contribution "a” as a function of the average bias voltage and the duration of the application of the bias.
- Figure 4B illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage contribution of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with the contribution "b” as a function of the average polarization voltage and the duration of the application of the polarization.
- Figure 5A illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with the contribution "a" as a function of the mean bias voltage for different chemistries and plasma durations.
- Figure 5B illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with the contribution "b" as a function of the mean bias voltage for different chemistries and plasma durations.
- Figure 6 illustrates the effect of polarization on the crystallinity of AIN deposited on a GaN substrate.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram of a capacitive device of the Metal-lsolant-Semiconductor type comprising metal contacts (nickel / gold), an alumina layer, an AIN layer deposited without or with a bias voltage and surmounting a layer of GaN.
- FIG. 7B is a graph illustrating the Capacitance - Voltage (CV) measurements for samples comprising an AIN layer deposited without polarization (0V) and with an average polarization voltage of -35V, -70V and -130V.
- CV Capacitance - Voltage
- a substrate comprising a structure such as a layer or nanostructures based on Si of III-V materials can be: - either, preferably, a stack comprising the structure based on Si or on III-V material is a layer , typically a support layer on which the structure rests, or a stack comprising only the structure based on Si or on III-V material.
- the structure can be self-supporting, i.e. it supports its own weight.
- a substrate based on Si or on a III-V material also denotes a substrate whose layer based on Si or on III-V material is surmounted by one or more layers deposited during the process described above. below.
- an exposed surface of the Si-based substrate or of the III-V material may be a surface formed by the structure or formed by one or more layers or films deposited on the structure.
- a nitrogen-based plasma can be based on a chemistry comprising only nitrogen or comprising nitrogen and optionally one or more other species, for example neutral gases.
- a structure based on a III-V material is a structure made or comprising a material comprising at least one species from column III of the periodic table and at least one species from column V of this table.
- a structure based on a III-N material is a structure made or comprising a material comprising at least one species from column III of table periodic and nitrogen (N).
- a III-N material can therefore for example be taken from GaN, AIGaN, AlInGaN, InN.
- step is understood to mean carrying out part of the process, and can denote a set of sub-steps.
- step does not necessarily mean that the actions carried out during a step are simultaneous or immediately successive.
- some actions of a first step can be followed by actions linked to a different step, and other actions of the first step can be repeated afterwards.
- step does not necessarily mean unitary and inseparable actions over time and in the sequence of the phases of the process.
- dielectric denotes a material whose electrical conductivity is low enough in the given application to serve as an insulator.
- a dielectric material preferably has a dielectric constant greater than 4.
- the spacers are typically formed from a dielectric material.
- these percentages correspond to fractions of the total flow rate of the gases injected into the reactor.
- a gas mixture for example intended to form a plasma
- HEMT type transistors (acronym for “High Electron Mobility Transistor”) means field effect transistors with high electron mobility, sometimes also designated by the term of field effect transistor. with heterostructure.
- Such a transistor includes the superposition of two semiconductor layers having different forbidden bands which form a quantum well at their interface. Electrons are confined in this quantum well to form a two-dimensional gas of electrons. For reasons of high voltage and temperature resistance, the materials of these transistors are chosen so as to present a wide band gap of forbidden energy.
- microelectronic device is meant any type of device produced with microelectronic means. These devices include in particular, in addition to purely electronic devices, micromechanical or electromechanical devices (MEMS, NEMS, etc.) as well as optical or optoelectronic devices (MOEMS, etc.).
- It may be a device intended to perform an electronic, optical, mechanical etc. function. It may also be an intermediate product intended solely for the production of another microelectronic device.
- the thickness of a layer or of the substrate is measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface along which this layer or this substrate has its maximum extension. The thickness is thus taken in a direction perpendicular to the main faces of the substrate on which the different layers rest.
- the terms “on”, “overcomes”, “covers”, “underlying”, in “vis-à-vis” and their equivalents do not necessarily mean “in the face”. contact of ”.
- the deposition, the transfer, the bonding, the assembly or the application of a first layer on a second layer does not necessarily mean that the two layers are directly in contact with one another, but means that the first layer at least partially covers the second layer by being either directly in contact with it, or by being separated from it by at least one other layer or at least one other element.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the different steps which take place in each production cycle of an AIN film on a structure based on silicon or based on a III-V material.
- This cycle of steps is repeated several times until the stack of these films forms an AlN layer having the desired thickness.
- Each cycle comprises a sequential injection of precursors into a plasma deposition reactor such as that illustrated in FIG. 2 and which will be described below.
- a plasma deposition reactor such as that illustrated in FIG. 2 and which will be described below.
- a reactor configured to perform atomic layer deposition (PEALD).
- PEALD atomic layer deposition
- a substrate 70 comprising a structure based on silicon or based on a III-V material is placed in a reaction chamber of the reactor.
- Such a structure is for example based on a III-N material.
- this structure is based on GaN. More precisely, this structure will be described as being a layer of GaN. All the characteristics, stages and technical effects which will be described below are perfectly applicable to a structure based on silicon or on a III-V material other than GaN. Moreover, all the characteristics, steps and technical effects which will be described below are perfectly applicable to a structure, possibly other than a layer, such as a nanostructure, for example in three dimensions, or a plurality of such structures.
- the substrate 70 can be formed only of this structure in Si or in material III-V. Alternatively, this substrate 70 can comprise a support layer surmounted at least by such a structure.
- the structure has a free surface, exposed to species present in the reaction chamber.
- a first step consists in depositing 10 aluminum-based species on the exposed surface 70a of the structure forming or resting on the substrate 70. This step is referenced 10 in FIG. 1. It step comprises the injection into the reaction chamber of the reactor of an aluminum-based precursor. The aluminum reagent reacts with the exposed surface 70a by chemisorption. If this injection is carried out during the first production cycle of the ANI layer, the exposed surface 70a is the upper face of an Si structure or of III-V material, in this non-limiting example a GaN layer. If this injection is performed in a subsequent cycle, the exposed surface 70a corresponds to the upper face of the AIN film formed during the previous cycle or being formed during the current cycle.
- a second step, referenced 20, usually referred to as a purge, has the function of removing the reactants from the aluminum-based precursor which has not reacted as well as the reaction products.
- This purge generally consists of injecting an inert gas such as argon (Ar) into the reaction chamber.
- a third step, referenced 30, consists in carrying out a nitriding of the exposed surface 70a of the substrate 70.
- This step comprises the injection into the reaction chamber of a nitrogen-based precursor (N) then the formation of a plasma. 32 whose chemistry includes nitrogen-based species.
- This plasma is configured to allow nitriding of the exposed surface 70a.
- This third step 30 may include a phase 31 for stabilizing the gases used for the nitrogen-based plasma. This stabilization phase 31 is preferably carried out before the formation 32 of the nitrogen-based plasma.
- a polarization is applied to the structure based on Si or on III-V material, in this example a layer based on GaN.
- the voltage of this polarization can be qualified as V iaS-substrate , by differentiation with the voltage V piaSma which is induced, in a perfectly conventional manner by the source of the plasma in order to generate the ions and radicals and therefore initiate the deposition of dielectric.
- the bias voltage V biaS-substrate is controlled independently of the voltage V piaSma induced by the source.
- the reaction chamber comprises a plate for receiving the substrate 70.
- the plate is electrically conductive and the bias voltage is applied to this plate, also referred to as the sample holder, supporting the substrate 70. It can thus be said that this voltage is transmitted. or applied to the substrate 70 and the structure.
- the expression “applied to the substrate” means that the bias voltage V ias _substrate is applied to the plate on which the substrate 70 rests, whether the substrate 70 is conductive or not.
- the plasma generated by a main source (ICP or CCP) is located away from the substrate 70.
- a zone of positive space charge called the cladding is formed between the plasma and the. substrate due to the difference in mobility between heavy ions and electrons.
- This cladding simply corresponds to the difference between the potential of the plasma Vpiasma and the potential of the substrate V ia s_substrat ⁇
- V ia s_substrat 0.
- V ias _substrate typically strictly less than 0 ( ⁇ 0).
- this bias voltage V ias _substrate provides considerable advantages.
- this polarization makes it possible to improve the quality of the AIN layer formed.
- it makes it possible to improve the quality of the interface between the structure based on Si or on III-V material and the AlN layer.
- Figures 3A to 7B which will be described in detail below, explain the advantages conferred by the application of this bias voltage during the formation step 32 of the nitrogen-based plasma.
- the efficiency of ion bombardment on the surface can be increased and adjusted, while preserving the exposed surface 70a.
- the quality of the AIN layer and the quality of the interface between this AIN layer and the substrate 70 are considerably improved.
- the repeatability of this process is also improved compared to existing solutions, in particular those using a single plasma source which makes it possible to control only the flow of ions reaching the substrate and therefore to play on V piasma .
- the applied bias voltage is less than 160 volts. It will be noted that this bias voltage is much lower than the bias voltages usually used for performing plasma etchings or implantations.
- this method is preferably carried out in a plasma deposition reactor. Plasma etching reactors are not configured to apply such low bias voltages to the substrate.
- the bias voltage V biaS-substrate is applied only during the nitrogen-based plasma and not during the deposition of aluminum-based species.
- the precursor of alumina decomposes thermally.
- Nitrogen on the other hand, requires a lot more energy and therefore requires a plasma to break it down. Therefore, it is possible to apply V ias _substrate only during nitrogen-based plasma.
- V ias-SU bstrat is applied throughout the cycle.
- a fourth step, referenced 40 consists in carrying out a purge so as to evacuate the reactants of the nitrogen-based precursor which have not reacted as well as the reaction products. During this purge, neutral gas such as argon (Ar) is injected into the reaction chamber. This step, although advantageous, is only optional.
- the injection of the aluminum-based precursor is carried out before the injection of the nitrogen-based precursor and the formation of the nitrogen-based plasma.
- the sequence comprising the injection of the aluminum-based precursor can be carried out after the sequence comprising the injection and formation of the nitrogen-based plasma 32.
- the thickness of AIN formed is less than Angstrom (10 1 ° meters). Preferably this thickness is less than 0.7 Angstrom. Preferably, this thickness is between 0.4 Angstrom and 0.7 Angstrom.
- Figure 2 illustrates a diagram of a plasma reactor that can be used to implement the proposed method.
- the proposed method is implemented in a plasma deposition reactor. More particularly in an inductively coupled plasma reactor, usually qualified by its acronym ICP from the English term Inductively Coupled Plasma.
- the reactor 200 comprises a reaction chamber 210 inside which is disposed a plate 220.
- This plate 220 is configured to receive the substrate 70 comprising GaN.
- the substrate 70 rests on the tray 220 by a rear surface.
- the front surface of the substrate 70, opposite its rear surface, is exposed to the species present in the reaction chamber 210.
- the substrate 70 forms the structure on which it is desired to deposit the AlN-based layer. This front surface of the substrate 70 therefore constitutes the surface 70a of the structure.
- the plate 220 is electrically conductive.
- the reactor comprises a gas inlet 230 making it possible to inject into the interior of the chamber 210 the gases intended to form the chemistry of the plasma as well as the gases intended for the purge phases. It also comprises an induction coupling device 260, a coil of which is illustrated in FIG. 2, and which allows the formation of the plasma.
- a wall of the reaction chamber 210 is electrically connected to the earth 270.
- the plasma source 260 is offset with respect to the reaction chamber 210.
- the voltage V piasma is offset from the substrate 70.
- This bias voltage V piaSma is not applied to the substrate 70.
- the reactor 200 also comprises a valve 240 for isolating the reaction chamber 210.
- the reactor 200 also comprises a pump 250 for extracting the particles. species present in the reaction chamber 210.
- the method is implemented in an inductively coupled plasma reactor, usually qualified by its acronym ICP from the English term Inductively Coupled Plasma.
- the source is an inductive radiofrequency source, which makes it possible to have a stable plasma at a power P piaS ma much lower compared to other sources, for example a microwave source, typically 1500 W to 2000 W
- the power of the inductive radiofrequency source is between 100 and 300 W, preferably 300 W.
- this reactor 200 comprises a bias device 270 configured to allow the application of the bias voltage V iaS-substrate to the plate 220. According to one example, this voltage can ultimately be applied to the substrate 70, at least. on its face facing the plate 220, whether this face is electrically conductive or not.
- This polarization device 270 comprises a control device 281 and makes it possible to apply an alternating voltage to the plate 220.
- This control device 281 preferably comprises an automatic adaptation unit (referred to by its English term as auto match unit) which matches the impedance in the chamber and of the ion source to that of the radiofrequency generator.
- This biasing device 270 is configured to allow the application to the plate 220 of the bias voltage V biaS-substrate , the amplitude of which is low, typically less than 160 volts, preferably less than 130 volts.
- the biasing device 270 and the plasma source 260 are configured so as to be able to adjust the bias voltage V ias _substrat applied to the plate 220 independently of the plasma voltage Vpi aS ma ⁇ V ias-SU bstrat and V piasma are independent. V bias-SU bstrat and V piasma are independently controlled.
- FIG. 3A and 3B are graphs illustrating the effect of substrate polarization, during nitrogen-based plasma, on the chemical environment of nitrogen. More precisely, in this example, the plasma is an N 2 -H 2 plasma with 33% hydrogen during the deposition of the AIN on an orientation silicon layer (100).
- FIG. 3A illustrates measurements by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry of the N1s environment for different deposits of AIN, produced on the orientation silicon layer (100), this at different substrate bias voltages (V). Three contributions are observed. A first contribution corresponds to the N-AI bonds at approximately 396.7 eV. Two other contributions 'a' and 'b', unwanted and corresponding to impurities, are observed. These contributions 'a' and 'b' are referenced 310 and 320.
- FIG. 3B illustrates, on curve 330, the ratio of the atomic percentage of N 1s bonds with Al to the atomic percentage of N 1s bonds with the 'a' contribution.
- Curve 340 of this figure 3B illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage of N1s bonds with AI to the atomic percentage of N1s bonds with the contribution 'b'.
- the angle of analysis by XPS X-ray photoelectron spectrometry
- the ratio of the atomic percentage of the N1s N-Al bonds to the other 'a' and 'b' contributions increases and then decreases.
- the duration of the nitrogen-based plasma must be long enough to allow nitriding, preferably complete nitriding, of the surface exposed to the plasma and thus benefit from the effects of the polarization of the substrate.
- this duration of the plasma denoted T P, is greater than or equal to 70% and preferably greater than equal to 90% of the duration T N of formation 32 of the nitrogen-based plasma.
- TP TN.
- Figures 4A and 4B illustrate the ratio of the atomic percentage of the contribution of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with the contribution 'a' ( Figure 4A) and with the contribution 'b' ( Figure 4B) as a function of the average bias voltage for a duration T P of 5s (seconds) (curves 41a and 41b) and for a duration T P of 15s (curves 42a and 42b), T P being the duration of the plasma, here a plasma based on a chemistry of N 2 -H 2 with 33% hydrogen.
- Figure 5A illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with the contribution "a" as a function of the mean bias voltage for different chemistries and plasma durations.
- Figure 5B illustrates the ratio of the atomic percentage of nitrogen bound to aluminum N1s AIN with the contribution "b" as a function of the mean bias voltage for different chemistries and plasma durations.
- Curves 51a and 51b each correspond to an ammonia plasma only with a duration of 5s.
- Curves 52a and 52b (legend “15s, N 2 -H 2 -Ar”) each correspond to a plasma composed of 86% H 2 , 7% N 2 and 7% Ar and a duration from 15s.
- the curves 53a, 53b (legend “15s, N 2 -H 2 ”) each correspond to a plasma composed of 33% hydrogen and with a duration of 15s.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the effect of polarization on the crystallinity of the AIN deposited on the structure, here a GaN substrate. Deposits of AIN at different bias voltages were carried out on a GaN substrate. More precisely, in this example, the GaN substrates were obtained by MOCVD growth on silicon.
- the AIN layer is obtained by a succession of 500 cycles. Each cycle comprises a plasma of N 2 -H 2 (33% hydrogen) maintained for a period of 15 seconds. X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out at grazing incidence. The diffractogram was indexed according to the ICDD 00-025-1133 sheet of the hexagonal AIN.
- the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements show that the layers are poly-crystalline and have a hexagonal structure. Note that a preferential growth orientation along the (002) axis seems to be favored during deposition at low bias voltages. Typically, these bias voltages are between -40V and -80V.
- the doping of the GaN is of type N.
- the doping is carried out so that the concentration of doping species is 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm 3 .
- an AIN layer is formed by 40 cycles. For certain substrates, these cycles are carried out without polarization during the formation 32 of the nitrogen-based plasma (curves 701). For other substrates, these cycles are performed with an average bias voltage of -35V (curve 702), -70V (curve 703) and -130V (curve 704), respectively.
- FIG. 7A schematically illustrates the device obtained.
- This device comprises a GaN layer, for example forming a substrate 70, surmounted by an AlN layer 71 obtained by applying or not a bias voltage during successive deposition cycles. On and preferably directly in contact with the AlN layer 71 include Al 2 0 layer 3.
- the pins 73 of nickel and gold overcome the AI 2 0 3 layer.
- the various devices are characterized by electrical measurements of the “Capacitance-Voltage” (C-V) type at a frequency of 10 kHz and on a pad size of 600 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 7B illustrates the results of these electrical measurements.
- the curves 701 correspond to the substrates obtained without applying a bias voltage during the cycles of formation of the nitrogen-based plasma.
- the curves 702, 703 and 704 correspond respectively to the results obtained with substrates produced by applying, during the formation of the nitrogen-based plasma, an average polarization voltage of -35V, -70V and -130V.
- the formation of the nitrogen-based plasma is carried out before the injection of the aluminum-based precursor.
- steps 10 and 30 of Figure 1 can be reversed.
- this order of the sequences is identical for all the cycles of the formation of the AIN layer.
- the purge phase uses a neutral gas such as dinitrogen (N 2 ) OR argon (Ar).
- the purge time is long enough to remove the excess reagent and / or the reaction by-products.
- the purge face lasts several seconds. It lasts for example about 3s.
- the aluminum-based precursors can be trimethylaluminum or aluminum trichloride. The duration of injection of the precursor must be sufficient to saturate the surface of the GaN-based layer or the surface already deposited with AIN. This injection duration is typically about 50 ms (10 6 seconds).
- the pressure of the reaction chamber of the reactor during the plasma must be adjusted so as to have a non-collisional cladding.
- the pressure is less than 50 mTorr (ie 6.67 Pa) and preferably equal to 10 mTorr.
- the RF-ICP power must be large enough to have a stable plasma. This power is greater than 100W. Preferably this power is between 100-300W.
- the nitrogen-based precursor can be a mixture of dinitrogen and dihydrogen (N 2 -H 2 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), or a mixture of these gases.
- Argon can be added with all of these gases.
- the duration of the nitrogen-based plasma must be long enough to allow nitriding of the film or of the layer previously formed.
- the bias voltage of the substrate during the nitrogen-based plasma is between -10 V and -130 V.
- the proposed process thus confers considerable advantages, in particular for the manufacture of HEMTs based on GaN and AIGaN.
- the GaN-based layer on which the AlN-based layer is formed consists of GaN.
- the present invention also extends to embodiments in which the GaN-based layer on which the AlN-based layer is formed is a layer made of a gallium nitride and at least one among indium and aluminum.
- this GaN-based layer can be GaN, AIGaN, InGaN or AlinGaN.
- the invention also extends to embodiments in which the structure on which the AIN layer is deposited is silicon-based.
- the invention also extends to embodiments in which the structure on which the ANI layer is deposited is based on a material taken from the III-V materials. Preferably it is an III-N material.
- the structure is a layer.
- the structure can be a nanostructure or include a plurality of nanostructures.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2001978A FR3107782B1 (fr) | 2020-02-27 | 2020-02-27 | Procédé de réalisation d’une couche à base de nitrure d’aluminium (AlN) sur une structure à base de silicium ou de matériaux III-V |
| PCT/EP2021/054721 WO2021170739A1 (fr) | 2020-02-27 | 2021-02-25 | Procédé de réalisation d'une couche à base de nitrure d'aluminium (aln) sur une structure à base de silicium ou de matériaux iii-v |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4111490A1 true EP4111490A1 (fr) | 2023-01-04 |
Family
ID=70804743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21706634.9A Pending EP4111490A1 (fr) | 2020-02-27 | 2021-02-25 | Procédé de réalisation d'une couche à base de nitrure d'aluminium (aln) sur une structure à base de silicium ou de matériaux iii-v |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12338545B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4111490A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3107782B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021170739A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7897217B2 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2011-03-01 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Method and system for performing plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition |
| US7592257B2 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2009-09-22 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Semiconductor contact structure containing an oxidation-resistant diffusion barrier and method of forming |
| US8937336B2 (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2015-01-20 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Passivation of group III-nitride heterojunction devices |
-
2020
- 2020-02-27 FR FR2001978A patent/FR3107782B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-02-25 WO PCT/EP2021/054721 patent/WO2021170739A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-02-25 US US17/905,125 patent/US12338545B2/en active Active
- 2021-02-25 EP EP21706634.9A patent/EP4111490A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3107782B1 (fr) | 2023-10-27 |
| WO2021170739A1 (fr) | 2021-09-02 |
| US12338545B2 (en) | 2025-06-24 |
| FR3107782A1 (fr) | 2021-09-03 |
| US20230111123A1 (en) | 2023-04-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2411606C (fr) | Procede de preparation d'une couche de nitrure de gallium | |
| EP2255029B1 (fr) | Procede de production de nanostructures sur un substrat d'oxyde metallique et dispositif forme de couches minces | |
| FR2501909A1 (fr) | Procede d'attaque par l'hydrogene de semiconducteurs et d'oxydes de semiconducteurs | |
| FR3102771A1 (fr) | Procédé de collage de deux surfaces hydrophiles | |
| FR2533944A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'articles par depot en phase vapeur d'une matiere a constituants multiples | |
| EP2795668A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'un empilement mos sur un substrat en diamant | |
| WO2014045220A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement de surface de monocristaux de materiaux | |
| EP2912682A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une structure semiconductrice | |
| EP4111490A1 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation d'une couche à base de nitrure d'aluminium (aln) sur une structure à base de silicium ou de matériaux iii-v | |
| EP3671814B1 (fr) | Procédé de gravure d'une couche diélectrique | |
| WO2022243418A1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation d'un composant microélectronique comprenant une couche à base d'un matériau iii-v | |
| WO2022008690A1 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation d'une couche diélectrique sur une structure en matériaux iii-v | |
| FR3091002A1 (fr) | Procédé de gravure d’une couche diélectrique tridimensionnelle | |
| EP4213181B1 (fr) | Procédé d'activation d'une couche exposée | |
| FR3056992A1 (fr) | Procede d'injection d'especes chimiques en phase gazeuse sous forme pulsee avec plasma | |
| EP4213182B1 (fr) | Procédé d'activation d'une couche exposée | |
| WO2023213971A1 (fr) | Procédé de formation d'une couche à base d'un matériau diélectrique sur une couche à base d'un matériau iii-v gravé | |
| EP1798761A2 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication de composant comportant au moins une couche monocristalline sur un substrat | |
| Shanmugan et al. | Surface and electrical properties of plasma processed RF sputtered GaN thin films | |
| WO2021255286A1 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation d'une couche sur certaines surfaces seulement d'une structure | |
| FR3070399A1 (fr) | Procede pour le depot d'un materiau isolant dans un via, etreacteur de cvd pulse mettant en oeuvre ce procede | |
| FR3155540A1 (fr) | procede de realisation par dépôt cvd thermique d’une couche mince de bore amorphe | |
| EP3555924A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'un dispositif comprenant une couche de materiau iii-n avec des defauts de surface |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220823 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIESALTERNATIVES |