EP4105589A1 - Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung - Google Patents

Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4105589A1
EP4105589A1 EP21179189.2A EP21179189A EP4105589A1 EP 4105589 A1 EP4105589 A1 EP 4105589A1 EP 21179189 A EP21179189 A EP 21179189A EP 4105589 A1 EP4105589 A1 EP 4105589A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
called
channels
heat exchange
block
transverse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21179189.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jérémie BENOIT
Matthieu BORIES
Guillaume BRUN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mersen France PY SAS
Original Assignee
Mersen France PY SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mersen France PY SAS filed Critical Mersen France PY SAS
Priority to EP21179189.2A priority Critical patent/EP4105589A1/de
Priority to EP22171766.3A priority patent/EP4105590A1/de
Priority to PCT/IB2022/055277 priority patent/WO2022263972A1/en
Publication of EP4105589A1 publication Critical patent/EP4105589A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of block heat exchangers. It relates more particularly to a heat exchange block, which is provided with an improved geometry with regards to both thermal and mechanical issues.
  • the invention also relates to an exchanger which is equipped with such a heat exchange block.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a block type heat exchanger.
  • the latter typically comprises first an inlet and an outlet for a so-called process fluid, both provided along main axis of the exchanger.
  • the casing of this exchanger is equipped with transverse inlet and outlet, both for a so-called service fluid.
  • Process fluid is for example an acid while service fluid is a heat transfer fluid, such as water.
  • the casing accommodates at least one heat exchange block, typically a plurality of these blocks which are stacked on top on one another.
  • Each block is made of a thermally conductive material.
  • the present invention more specifically relates to process fluids which are corrosive to metals.
  • said material is typically graphite optionally associated with additives, for example of the polymer type.
  • This block may be parallelepipedic or cylindrical, bearing in mind that the invention more specifically aims cylindrical shaped blocks.
  • First channels are longitudinal and open onto the front faces of the body, while the second channels are transverse and open onto the opposite transverse faces of the body.
  • Block heat exchangers of the above known type are described for example in EP-A-0 196 548 and WO-A-2006/081965 .
  • Block heat exchangers of the prior art are however not satisfactory, in particular with regard to mechanical issues. Indeed, some material failures have been observed, which reduce the lifetime of the exchanger. These failures occur in particular at the outer periphery of the front face of the block, which is upstream with reference to the flow of hot process fluid.
  • one aim of the present invention is providing a heat exchange block which makes it possible to remedy the drawbacks, inherent to above-mentioned prior art.
  • a further aim of the present invention is providing such a block which ensures both satisfactory mechanical and thermal performances to the heat exchanger equipped therewith.
  • a further aim of the present invention is providing such a heat exchanger, which has a relatively simple structure and which can be manufactured without any particular risk of mechanical rupture, particularly with respect to the channels hollowed in the blocks belonging to this exchanger.
  • One object of the present invention is a heat exchange block comprising
  • One further object of the present invention is a manufacturing method of a heat exchanger block as defined above, said method comprising:
  • One further object of the present invention is a heat exchanger comprising
  • said heat exchanger comprises one single heat exchange block (1) as defined above, the latter being a so called upstream block located closest to first inlet means (322), said recess (22) being located on the so called upstream front face (2) turned towards said first inlet means.
  • said upper cover (320) comprises a peripheral collar (326) surrounding a central space (324), said cover resting upon said peripheral seat (4) of said single heat exchange block as defined above, said central space being in communication with said recess (22).
  • One further object of the present invention is a method for the implementation of a heat exchanger as defined above, wherein the first and second fluids are circulated in the first and second channels, so as to enable the heat exchange thereof, first fluid being admitted in the first inlet means at a temperature superior to 80°C, whereas second fluid is admitted in the second inlet means at a temperature between -20°C and 250°C.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a heat exchanger, referenced I as a whole.
  • This exchanger firstly comprises a plurality of heat exchange blocks 1, 101 and 201.
  • block 1 is according to the invention whereas blocks 101 and 201 are conform to prior art.
  • three blocks stacked on top of one another have been represented, it being understood that a different number of blocks may be envisaged.
  • Each block has a body, which is referenced 10 for what concerns block 1.
  • Said body has a typical cylindrical shape, with a circular cross-section.
  • baffles 12 which are illustrated in particular on figure 2 as well as on figure 5 , are provided at the outer periphery of this body 10.
  • L1 refers to the main or longitudinal axis of each block, which is parallel with the main axis of the exchanger.
  • each block is hollowed with different channels, so as to permit the flow of two fluids intended to be placed in mutual heat exchange.
  • each front face 2 is called upstream and each opposite front face 6 is called downstream.
  • a second series of transverse channels 60 extending obliquely, particularly perpendicular to the axis L1, open onto the opposite transverse faces 7 and 8 of each block.
  • two fluids, circulating respectively in the first and second series of channels, are placed in heat exchange.
  • These channels 20 and 60 are distant from one another, that is to say they do not open into one another.
  • heat exchanger I also comprises a lower cover 310, an upper cover 320, as well as a peripheral casing 330.
  • Upper cover 320 is hollowed with an opening 322 intended for the inlet of a first so-called process fluid into the longitudinal channels of all three blocks. This inlet is connected with a source of this fluid, which is situated upstream and is not illustrated. Said opening leads to a space 324, provided in the lower face of the cover.
  • the lower cover 310 is hollowed with an opening 312 intended for the outlet of the first fluid outside the longitudinal channels.
  • This outlet is connected with an appropriate downstream equipment, such as a piping.
  • the latter which is known as such, is not illustrated on the figures.
  • Casing 330 defines, with the opposite walls of the blocks, a peripheral chamber 335 intended for the circulation of a second so-called service fluid, intended to be placed in heat exchange with the process fluid in the blocks 1 to 201.
  • the casing is equipped with respective inlet 336 and outlet 337 pipes of this second fluid, connected with another appropriate downstream equipment, such as a further piping.
  • the latter which is also known as such, is not illustrated on the figures.
  • space 324 delimits a peripheral collar 326 which rests upon the upstream block 1, in use. So as to avoid any contact between the two fluids, it is critical to ensure a tight seal between the conducting walls of the block 1 and the collar 326.
  • the interface between said block and said collar is equipped with sealing means, which are known as such and are not illustrated in detail.
  • upper cover 320 is provided with pressing means, adapted to exert a controlled compressive force on the block, as well as on said sealing means.
  • these pressing means are formed by springs 328, in a way known as such
  • Advantageously downstream front face 6 of upstream block 1, as well as both front faces 102, 106, 202 and 206 of other blocks 101, 201 are manufactured according to prior art.
  • the general structure of said classic faces is known per se and will not be explained here. It is sufficient to explain that these front faces 6, 102, 106, 202 and 206 are substantially flush.
  • the word « flush » means that said front face is globally formed at the same altitude, with reference to main longitudinal axis of the block.
  • each front face may be either completely flush or hollowed with at least one groove, the depth thereof is low, which is suitable for forming the seat of a sealing member, for example of the 0-ring type.
  • Upstream front face 2 of upstream block 1 is on the contrary manufactured according to the invention. Indeed it is not flush but is however provided with a central recess 22, the depth thereof is substantial, thus delimiting:
  • said central chamber 3 is flush and defines a so-called central reference surface S3.
  • this chamber may not be flush, for example may have a corrugated shape.
  • said reference surface is defined by the average altitude of said chamber.
  • Said seat 4 protrudes upstream with respect to said central chamber 3 along the longitudinal direction L1. It defines a so-called peripheral reference surface S4 which is flush in the present embodiment. In some variants this seat is not flush, but is provided for example with grooves adapted to receive some seals. Surface S4 is then defined by the average altitude of the seat, the same way as above mentioned surface S3. In use, collar 326 of upper cover 320 rests upon seat 4, while exerting compressing action on this seat due to the springs 328.
  • a shoulder 41 is provided at the radial inner end of seat 4. This shoulder, the function of which is typically to maintain an annular seal, exerts no mechanical action.
  • Transition portion 5 is rectilinear in the present example, when viewed in cross-section on figure 5 . By way of an alternatives, this portion may have other shapes with the provision for example of steps. Portion 5 is associated with a transition surface S which is defined the same way as surfaces S3 and S4.
  • said distance h4 is far superior to said distance h3.
  • the applicant has identified explanations with respect to the drawbacks of prior art, as well as the importance of said essential feature.
  • figure 4 illustrating an exchanger II according to prior art.
  • mechanical elements which are analogous to those of exchanger I are given the same references, added by number 400.
  • R the so-called rest zone where the upper cover 720 rests upon the upstream graphite block 401.
  • a minimum clamping force has to be applied, which induces a noticeable compressive stress on the area of the graphite column, where the cover 720 is bearing.
  • the compressive load on the rest zone R leads to tensile stresses close to the maximum allowable tensile stress. This problem is compounded by the presence of the upstream transverse channels 460' passing under the surface supporting the cover.
  • the graphite surface In the center C' of front face 402 the graphite surface is firstly in contact with the hot incoming process fluid. Moreover it is far away from the first cooling channel, due to the high value of h402. In periphery P' of this front face, the graphite surface is also in contact with the hot incoming process fluid. However, contrary to center C', this periphery P' is also quite close from the service fluid, the temperature of which is far inferior to that of process fluid.
  • one essential feature of the invention is to significantly increase ratio h4/h3.
  • figure 6 illustrates the variations of both mechanical and thermal stresses, with respect to ratio h4/h3.
  • x-axis corresponds to said ratio.
  • chain-dotted lines illustrate the variation of a parameter M which is representative of mechanical stress of the block
  • dotted lines illustrate the variation of parameter T which is representative of thermal stress of the block
  • solid lines illustrate the global stress G, i.e. the sum of M and T stress values. Both for M and T, the lower the value, the better is the behaviour.
  • thermal stress decreases as ratio h4/h3 increases.
  • mechanical stress increases as said ratio h4/h3 increases.
  • the decrease of thermal stress is far more significant than the increase of mechanical stress.
  • the value of the global stress G tends to decrease due to the increase of ratio h4/h3.
  • h4 is advantageously set so that the stress applied by the clamping force, through the upper cover, is compatible with the material mechanical properties. Due to the specific geometry of the front face 2 of the block, the clamping force is mostly carried by the annular seat 4, as well as subsidiary by the transition portion 5.
  • h3 is significantly reduced so as to reach values that are far inferior to prior art.
  • the central portion of the front face is rendered much thinner than the periphery of the block.
  • this reduction of h3 is not prejudicial to the global mechanical behavior. This makes it possible to lower by far thermal stress, with respect to prior blocks with flush front face such as illustrated on figure 4 . Therefore h 3 can be advantageously set at a very low value, without any regards for mechanical stresses imposed by the clamping force. This low value favors an efficient thermal exchange between the top surface of chamber 3 and the underlying layer of horizontal channels 60', as they are close from each other.
  • the invention takes the side to remove graphite material in a targeted zone. This makes it possible to improve thermal performances, due to this local thinning, while preserving high mechanical performances. Therefore, in a surprising way, removing material is not prejudicial to global mechanical behaviour.
  • ratio h4/h3 is advantageously superior to 1.2, preferably superior to 2.
  • ratio h4/h3 is advantageously inferior to 50, preferably inferior to 15.
  • a5 the angle between reference surface S5 of portion 5 and surface S3.
  • said angle a5 is between 30 and 90°.
  • said portion is rectilinear.
  • said portion 5 may be differently shaped, in particular stepped.
  • reference surface is a line passing through bottom point and top point of said portion 5.
  • Block 1 may be manufactured starting from a standard block according to prior art, opposite front faces of which are substantially flush.
  • recess 22 is provided in one single of these front faces. This stage may be carried out typically by a machining process. Once said recess has been provided, this leads to the formation of both central chamber 3 and transition portion 5. Typically no material is removed in the periphery of said standard block, at the level of seat 4. Such a manufacturing method is advantageous, since it makes it possible to revamp a classic heat exchange block.
  • process fluid and service fluid are admitted in a way known as such, via inlets 322 and 336.
  • admission temperature of process fluid is advantageously superior to 80°C. In this range of temperatures, the specific geometry of the invention is especially advantageous, with regard to prior art designs.
  • admission temperature of service fluid is typically between -20 and 250°C.
  • the block 1 is provided with one single chamber 3 on its upstream front face.
  • opposite front faces may be both provided with a respective chamber.
  • this example refers to an exchanger equipped with one single block according to the invention, which is provided upstream.
  • an exchanger may be equipped with more than one block, in particular with two adjacent blocks positioned upstream.
  • the exchanger may be equipped with an upstream so-called neutral block. In a way known as such, this neutral block does not ensure any exchange function, but an auxiliary function such as the fluid distribution.
  • at least one block according to the invention is positioned upstream, adjacent said neutral block.
  • the exchanger extends vertically with a top inlet of process fluid, as well as a bottom outlet of said process fluid.
  • said process fluid may flow from the bottom to the top.
  • the exchanger may extend horizontally or in an oblique manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP21179189.2A 2021-06-14 2021-06-14 Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung Withdrawn EP4105589A1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21179189.2A EP4105589A1 (de) 2021-06-14 2021-06-14 Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung
EP22171766.3A EP4105590A1 (de) 2021-06-14 2022-05-05 Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung
PCT/IB2022/055277 WO2022263972A1 (en) 2021-06-14 2022-06-07 Heat exchange block, method for manufacturing same, heat exchanger equipped with such a block and method for implementing same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21179189.2A EP4105589A1 (de) 2021-06-14 2021-06-14 Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4105589A1 true EP4105589A1 (de) 2022-12-21

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EP21179189.2A Withdrawn EP4105589A1 (de) 2021-06-14 2021-06-14 Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung
EP22171766.3A Pending EP4105590A1 (de) 2021-06-14 2022-05-05 Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung

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EP22171766.3A Pending EP4105590A1 (de) 2021-06-14 2022-05-05 Wärmetauscherblock, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, wärmetauscher mit einem solchen block und verfahren zu seiner implementierung

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2821369A (en) * 1952-10-14 1958-01-28 Lorraine Carbone Heat exchangers
GB1078868A (en) * 1964-11-12 1967-08-09 Dietrich Schwemann Heat exchange column
US3391016A (en) * 1964-02-07 1968-07-02 Texas Instruments Inc Silicon carbide coating on graphite bores of heat exchanger
EP0196548A1 (de) 1985-03-19 1986-10-08 GEA Wiegand GmbH Kompakt-Blockwärmetauscher aus imprägniertem Graphit
WO2006081965A1 (de) 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Sgl Carbon Ag Blockwärmetauscher aus graphit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2821369A (en) * 1952-10-14 1958-01-28 Lorraine Carbone Heat exchangers
US3391016A (en) * 1964-02-07 1968-07-02 Texas Instruments Inc Silicon carbide coating on graphite bores of heat exchanger
GB1078868A (en) * 1964-11-12 1967-08-09 Dietrich Schwemann Heat exchange column
EP0196548A1 (de) 1985-03-19 1986-10-08 GEA Wiegand GmbH Kompakt-Blockwärmetauscher aus imprägniertem Graphit
WO2006081965A1 (de) 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Sgl Carbon Ag Blockwärmetauscher aus graphit

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Publication number Publication date
EP4105590A1 (de) 2022-12-21

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