EP4100158A1 - Metal oxide nanoparticles supported on glass foams and/or glass ceramic foams and their use for heterogeneous catalysis in a gaseous and/or liquid phase - Google Patents
Metal oxide nanoparticles supported on glass foams and/or glass ceramic foams and their use for heterogeneous catalysis in a gaseous and/or liquid phaseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4100158A1 EP4100158A1 EP21708057.1A EP21708057A EP4100158A1 EP 4100158 A1 EP4100158 A1 EP 4100158A1 EP 21708057 A EP21708057 A EP 21708057A EP 4100158 A1 EP4100158 A1 EP 4100158A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- nanoparticles
- foam
- ceramic
- material according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UENRCAFKOCYSLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCO UENRCAFKOCYSLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001848 post-transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calixarene Chemical class COC(=O)COC1=C(CC=2C(=C(CC=3C(=C(C4)C=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1CC1=C(OCC(=O)OC)C4=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 T1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010922 glass waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010062745 Chloride Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011045 Chloride Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017356 Fe2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous material comprising nanoparticles of metal oxides adsorbed on a support of foam glass and / or glass-ceramic, for applications in heterogeneous catalysis in liquid and / or gas phases.
- the present invention finds an application in particular in the field of indoor or industrial air treatment and water, for example in the oxidation of VOCs, the degradation of emerging micropollutants, the degradation of ozone, the reduction. alkene or the treatment of NOx and NH3, etc ....
- references in square brackets ([]) refer to the list of references presented at the end of the text.
- Catalysis is a fundamental process of modern chemistry since more than 80% of industrial chemical reactions call for at least one step of catalysis. It significantly accelerates the speed of chemical reactions to move towards more compact reactors, increase productivity and work under milder pressure and temperature conditions. Catalysts are involved in reaction mechanisms by lowering the activation energies required for reactions and are not consumed. A fundamental stake in catalysis is therefore the recovery and recycling of the catalyst; which increases the life of the catalyst.
- catalysis is part of an eco-responsible, societal and environmental chemistry by limiting waste, risks in terms of handling and toxicity but also via its applications for air treatment (treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds, exhaust gases, etc.) or water treatment (catalytic ozonation, Fenton process, etc ...) for the reduction of micropollution.
- Heterogeneous catalysis where the catalyst is in the form of a solid, is often preferred over homogeneous catalysis to facilitate the recovery, eventual regeneration and reuse of the catalyst.
- heterogeneous catalysts are of three types: (i) supported transition metals (organic or inorganic supports); (ii) semiconductor or non-semiconductor micrometric metal oxides (AI 2 O3, V2O5, T1O2, Fe3C> 4, etc.); (iii) zeolites. Metal oxide nanoparticles have appreciable catalytic activity for many applications and exhibit very good stability, especially under oxidizing conditions.
- the nature of the support for these active metallic entities can be variable (inert oxides, ceramics, activated carbon, zeolites, etc.).
- the support is in the form of powder (used in a fixed or fluidized bed), pellets (fixed or fluidized bed) or monoliths (fixed bed).
- cellular structured supports have been developing, such as ceramic foams or metallic foams characterized by structures of the “sponge” type with a high open porosity (interconnected pores). Their tortuous structure differs greatly from monoliths by the multitude of interconnections between polyhedral shaped pores thus allowing better radial diffusion of the reaction fluid. Overall, these foams exhibit a macroporous structure. Metal foams have thus been used since the 1980s in catalysis. However, their cost seems to hamper their industrial development. Due to their relatively low cost, ceramic foams have started to emerge in the literature for catalysis applications for less than 15 years.
- washcoat an impregnation layer
- This washcoat which most often consists of gamma alumina, makes it possible to increase the specific surface area of the support material (foam or monolith) and facilitates the fixing of the species active in catalysis. Nevertheless, it involves an additional step of preparation.
- the inventors have developed a catalytic material comprising or consisting of a glass and / or glass-ceramic foam (ie a material consisting of microcrystals of iron ore and molten sand dispersed in a vitreous phase resulting from the devitrification or partial crystallization of a glass during the foaming step) as a support for metal nanoparticles consisting of at least 11%, at least 30%, at least 50%, at least 70%, or at least 90%, of at least one metal in the 'oxidized state for heterogeneous oxidation catalysis applications, whether in gas phase or liquid phase.
- These glass and / or glass-ceramic foams are an alternative to the monoliths and ceramic foams used as a fixed bed.
- foams are quick to produce by direct impregnation (by immersion) of the solution comprising the nanoparticles and evaporation of the solution by drying to arrive at the final material, and at the same time make it possible to recover waste glass, thus making the invention part of a circular economy approach.
- the size of the pores and the porosity of the foams can be customized by setting the composition of the initial mixture and / or the thermal profile of the foaming (temperature, time).
- This glass and / or glass-ceramic foam of the material of the present invention provides the advantages of prior art foams and, furthermore, greater potential than ceramic foams for several reasons. It comes from the recovery of more than 90% (up to 97.5%) of glass waste (soda-lime silicate glasses, borosilicate glasses, food packaging glasses, glass beads, flat glass, etc. ..) whose sector is sustainable. Its production is rapid, requires few steps and less restrictive and energy-consuming processing conditions than those used in the manufacture of ceramic foams which require sintering temperatures of 1100 to 1700 ° C. Glass foams are in fact produced by the simple mixture of crushed glass waste, one or more foaming agent (s) (AIN, CaCC> 3, C, SiC, MnC> 2, etc ...
- foaming agent AIN, CaCC> 3, C, SiC, MnC> 2, etc ...
- the mixture is then brought to temperatures between 750 and 900 ° C to allow foaming, the result of the formation of an "inert" gas (CO2, N2, O2, etc.) from the foaming agent.
- CO2, N2, O2, etc. an "inert” gas
- These gas bubbles remain trapped in the glass in a pasty state at the temperatures used. Its porosity and the size of its pores can be adapted according to the composition, the heating technique and the imposed temperature gradients. Its cost is low for the various reasons mentioned above (waste recovery, limited number of steps, etc.).
- the fixing of the anisotropic nanoparticles of metal oxides in the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam is carried out by impregnation in the total mass of the foam (or in the core) in a wet (direct) process via a technique of pre-stabilization of the particles in aqueous phase at the nanometric scale allowing good control of the size of the active species.
- Metal oxides (transition or post transition) thus adsorbed by the foam, on all available surfaces (ie. External surfaces and internal) of the foam, are of controlled size and morphology, nanometric giving the catalyst a good specific surface while benefiting from the macroporous structure of the foam to limit pressure drops when using the material designed.
- the invention does not require the use of a "washcoat” or coating layer of the order of 10 to 200 ⁇ m in thickness, in general about 50 ⁇ m, for the adhesion of the nanoparticles. metallic to foam glass and / or ceramic glass.
- said foam can undergo, after its preparation, a step aimed at modifying its available surface for better adsorption of the metal nanoparticles.
- Examples of functionalization leading eg to the formation of a layer of thickness less than 10 ⁇ m at the surface of the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam, are the doping of the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam with one or several metal oxides, eg Fe2C> 3, PO2, contributing to the catalytic activity, the nitriding of the foam glass and / or glass-ceramic under an ammonia atmosphere in order to modify the surface functions by replacing the oxygen atoms by nitrogen atoms having a greater affinity for the adsorbed metal, or even the partial crystallization ( ⁇ 20%) of the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam by a heat treatment.
- one or several metal oxides eg Fe2C> 3, PO2
- the nitriding of the foam glass and / or glass-ceramic under an ammonia atmosphere in order to modify the surface functions by replacing the oxygen atoms by nitrogen atoms having a greater affinity for the adsorbed metal, or even the partial crystallization ( ⁇
- the catalytic material of the present invention comprising or consisting of a glass and / or glass-ceramic foam as support for nanoparticles consisting of at least 11%, at least 30%, at least 50%, at least 70%, or at least 90%, of at least one metal in the oxidized state, has generally led to a better VOC reduction efficiency than that of the International application WO 2017/064418 [1].
- said material comprises nanoparticles of Mn0 2 , CuO or Fe 2 03 adsorbed by a glass foam, on all the available surfaces (ie. External and internal surfaces) of a glass foam.
- the catalytic material of the present invention has already been successfully implemented for gas phase oxidation (ie treatment of air by catalytic and thermo-catalytic ozonation) by the use of oxides of manganese on a glass foam without the use of a washcoat. These metal oxides are fixed on the support in the form of anisotropic particles of nanometric sizes by impregnation then drying.
- This fixing technique is gentle because it is carried out in an aqueous phase, at room temperature and in air, and without a subsequent calcination step.
- the size and morphology of these metal particles are controlled using suitable reduction techniques (hydrogen, chemical reducing agent, redox process) and then adsorption known to those skilled in the art.
- the catalytic activity can be targeted according to the application envisaged in the choice of the metal (or of the mixture of metals) supported but also by the structure of the support (more or less porous, etc.).
- An object of the present invention is a catalytic material comprising:
- metallic nanoparticles consisting of at least 11% of at least one metal in the oxidized state adsorbed by said support; said foam glass and / or ceramic glass having an open porosity of at least 75% relative to the total porosity; said metal oxide nanoparticles comprising at least one metal selected from transition and post-transition (or lean) metals.
- the material is ready to be used, no calcination step being necessary to form the metal oxide nanoparticles and / or to disperse them in the support.
- Said support may for example be in the form as a single block or monolith, in the form of balls or in the form of pellets.
- the volume and shape of the support can be chosen according to the desired use.
- the support can have a minimum volume of 0.5 cm 3 .
- the metal oxide nanoparticles are directly in contact with all the available surfaces of the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam.
- the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam has a total porosity of at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 80%.
- the average diameter of the pores of the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam d p is from 0.01 mm to 1 mm, preferably from 0.2 to 0.8 mm; preferably from 0.4 to 0.7 mm. This is an average, the pores can have a larger diameter, up to 3-4 mm.
- the nanoparticles of spherical morphology have an average diameter of 1 to 10 nm, preferably 2 to 8 nm, preferably around 5 nm. They can also be in anisotropic form (rods, worms, dendrites), for example of size of the order of 3-4 nm in section and 10-100 nm in length.
- the transition and post-transition metals are for example chosen from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Mo, Se, Sn, Pt, Ru, Rh, Zr, Re, Pd, W, Ir, Os, Nb, Ta, Bi, Au, Ag, Ti.
- the catalytic material comprises nanoparticles of Mn0 2, CuO, Fe 2 O 3, preferably Mn 2, adsorbed directly on a glass foam.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for preparing a material according to the present invention, said process comprising a step of bringing into contact by deep or core impregnation (ie. By immersion) of metal nanoparticles consisting of at least 11 % at least one metal in the oxidized state as defined in the present invention and in suspension in a solvent with a foam of glass and / or glass-ceramic.
- the glass and / or glass-ceramic foam on the one hand and the metal nanoparticles on the other hand are prepared separately from each other before the contacting step.
- the method further comprises a step of drying the material formed before its use in order to remove the solvent in which the metal nanoparticles were in suspension.
- the drying step is carried out in an oven at a temperature of 90 to 200 ° C, in particular 90 to 120 ° C, in particular around 100 ° C.
- the contacting and drying steps are repeated, preferably until complete adsorption of the metal nanoparticles on all the available surfaces of the glass foam.
- This iterative method makes it possible to increase the quantity of metal nanoparticles thus adsorbed.
- the adsorption of all of the metal nanoparticles can be monitored visually or by spectroscopic methods by following the discoloration of the suspension of metal nanoparticles at each impregnation.
- the suspension of metallic nanoparticles comprises a stabilizing agent capable of preventing the aggregation of the nanoparticles and of controlling the average diameter of the metallic nanoparticles, preferably chosen from polymers, liquids. ionic ligands, phosphorus and / or sulfur and / or nitrogen and / or oxygen ligands, cyclodextrins, dendrimers, calixarenes and surfactants.
- the surfactant is of the quaternary ammonium type, in particular:
- R 1 and R 2 identical or different, advantageously identical, represent an aryl or C1 to C6 alkyl, in particular a C1 to C3 alkyl, in particular a C1 alkyl;
- R 3 represents aryl or C6 to C20 alkyl, in particular C10 to C18 alkyl, in particular C16 alkyl;
- n 2 to 6, in particular 2 to 4, in particular 2 to 3;
- X is a monovalent counter anion, selected from Cl, Br, I, F, CH3SO3, CF3SO3, NTf 2 , BF4, PF 6 , OH, HCO3, RCOO (eg. Lactate, decanoate);
- the stabilizing agent is preferably an N, N-dimethyl-N-cetyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium.
- the solvent is water or an alcohol, e.g. methanol, or a mixture thereof.
- Another object of the present invention is a material obtained by the preparation process according to the present invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a catalytic reactor comprising a material according to the present invention.
- catalytic reactor is understood to mean a support which may contain the catalytic material of the present invention, for example chosen from a tube or a vessel.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of a material according to the present invention, in the treatment of pollutants present in the air or in the water.
- the pollutants are hydrocarbons, in particular alkanes.
- FIG. 1 shows the installation for the thermocatalytic oxidation of VOCs with catalytic glass foam.
- a fourth glass foam was prepared from 200g of crushed glass, 2% by weight of AIN and 1% by weight of T1O2 at a temperature of 850 ° C for 1 hour 40 minutes.
- MV5 glass foam was prepared from glass powder (95.5%), 1.5% by weight of AIN and 3% by weight of T1O2 at a temperature of 880 ° C for 2h40.
- MV6 glass foam was prepared from glass powder (93.5%), 0.75% by weight of AlN, 4.5% by weight of MnO2 and 1.25% by weight of T1O2 at a temperature of 880 ° C for 2h30.
- the MV7-MV14 glass foams were prepared from glass powder, of different% in AIN, T1O2 and / or Mn0 2 , according to the temperature and time conditions mentioned in Table 3 below.
- Example 1 .6 Nitriding of a glass foam
- a sample of foam glass according to Example 1 .1 was placed in a ceramic crucible, in a ceramic furnace. Under nitrogen flow, a temperature of 750 ° C was reached in 1h15. After 35 minutes at 750 ° C, the nitrogen flow was replaced by an ammonia flow. The heating was maintained for 24 hours under a flow of ammonia then the foam was cooled naturally, in about 2 hours, under a flow of nitrogen.
- EXAMPLE 2 EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCES OF Ru (0), Mn0 2 , Fe 2 0 3 , or CuO CATALYZERS ADSORBED BY GLASS FOAM IN THE CASE OF ALKANES
- thermocatalytic oxidation device consisted of a fixed bed reactor continuously supplied with air polluted by a VOC at the desired concentration ( Figure 1).
- a 40 or 100 L Tedlar® bag was filled with oxygen, then a liquid VOC was vaporized until the desired concentration was reached.
- the polluted air was pumped from the bag using a diaphragm pump, specially designed by KNF (Germany) for this application, to the catalyst (reactor) in foam glass inserted in a furnace whose temperature has been tested between 100 ° C and 400 ° C (accuracy ⁇ 10 ° C).
- the oven reached the desired temperature before starting the VOC removal experiments.
- the gas flow was checked by a flow meter (Brooks R-15-C) and ranged between 4.92 NL h-1 and 21.9 NL h-1.
- the gas velocity varied between 0.006 ms-1 and 0.032 ms-1 and the hourly gas space velocity (GHSV) between 270 h-1 and 1236 h-1.
- the removal of heptane and toluene was tested by thermocatalytic oxidation.
- the tested input concentrations of heptane were Ig.nrr 3 , 1, 354g.nrr 3 or 2g. nrr 3 , and that of toluene was 1.731 g. m 3 . These values were chosen to take into account industrial indoor air where high concentrations may be encountered.
- the VOC was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC).
- the CG apparatus (Agilent 6890N) was equipped with a DB-624 column (30m x 0.53mm) and a flame ionization detector. The injector was heated to 150 ° C and the detector to 250 ° C. The carrier gas was hh. The oven was heated to 300 ° C. The retention time was approximately 4 minutes.
- reaction rate (r in g.nrr 3 .s 1) was calculated as a function of the inlet [VOC] iniet and outlet [VOC] outiet concentrations and t the residence time in the catalyst (calculated in was empty (s)), according to the equation below:
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FR2001127A FR3106763B1 (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2020-02-05 | NANOPARTICLES OF METALLIC OXIDES SUPPORTED ON GLASS AND/OR VITROCERAMIC FOAM AND THEIR USE IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS IN GASEOUS AND/OR LIQUID PHASES |
PCT/FR2021/050201 WO2021156571A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2021-02-04 | Metal oxide nanoparticles supported on glass foams and/or glass ceramic foams and their use for heterogeneous catalysis in a gaseous and/or liquid phase |
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