EP4099040B1 - Voltage level detector performing state detection - Google Patents

Voltage level detector performing state detection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4099040B1
EP4099040B1 EP22175929.3A EP22175929A EP4099040B1 EP 4099040 B1 EP4099040 B1 EP 4099040B1 EP 22175929 A EP22175929 A EP 22175929A EP 4099040 B1 EP4099040 B1 EP 4099040B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
output
input terminal
division
level detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP22175929.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4099040A2 (en
EP4099040A3 (en
Inventor
Sungmin Yoo
Jaeseung LEE
Taehwang KONG
Junhyeok Yang
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Publication of EP4099040A3 publication Critical patent/EP4099040A3/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C29/00—Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
    • G11C29/56—External testing equipment for static stores, e.g. automatic test equipment [ATE]; Interfaces therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/04—Voltage dividers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R17/00—Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference value, e.g. bridge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0038—Circuits for comparing several input signals and for indicating the result of this comparison, e.g. equal, different, greater, smaller (comparing pulses or pulse trains according to amplitude)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16552—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies in I.C. power supplies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/1659—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 to indicate that the value is within or outside a predetermined range of values (window)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/1659—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 to indicate that the value is within or outside a predetermined range of values (window)
    • G01R19/16595—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 to indicate that the value is within or outside a predetermined range of values (window) with multi level indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G01R19/257—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques using analogue/digital converters of the type with comparison of different reference values with the value of voltage or current, e.g. using step-by-step method
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C29/00—Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
    • G11C29/04—Detection or location of defective memory elements, e.g. cell constructio details, timing of test signals
    • G11C29/08—Functional testing, e.g. testing during refresh, power-on self testing [POST] or distributed testing
    • G11C29/12—Built-in arrangements for testing, e.g. built-in self testing [BIST] or interconnection details
    • G11C29/12005—Built-in arrangements for testing, e.g. built-in self testing [BIST] or interconnection details comprising voltage or current generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C5/00—Details of stores covered by group G11C11/00
    • G11C5/14—Power supply arrangements, e.g. power down, chip selection or deselection, layout of wirings or power grids, or multiple supply levels
    • G11C5/147—Voltage reference generators, voltage or current regulators; Internally lowered supply levels; Compensation for voltage drops
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C29/00—Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
    • G11C29/04—Detection or location of defective memory elements, e.g. cell constructio details, timing of test signals
    • G11C29/50—Marginal testing, e.g. race, voltage or current testing
    • G11C2029/5004—Voltage

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a voltage level detector, and more particularly, to a voltage level detector capable of directly detecting a state thereof.
  • a semiconductor memory device may include a voltage regulator for supplying a target voltage having a predetermined level to an internal circuit, such as a memory cell, etc.
  • a voltage regulator may include a comparator, a p-type metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor used as a driver, and resistors used as voltage division circuits.
  • PMOS p-type metal-oxide semiconductor
  • a voltage level detector may determine whether an output voltage of the voltage regulator corresponds to a target voltage or is in a target range and may monitor whether the voltage regulator normally operates. When the voltage level detector normally operates, the breakdown of the voltage regulator may be determined. However, when the voltage level detector abnormally operates, it may be difficult to determine the breakdown of the voltage regulator. That is, although it is different from a case in which the voltage regulator is the one abnormally operating, a potentially defective situation in which it may not be determined that the voltage regulator is abnormally operating may occur.
  • the disclosure provides a voltage level detector not only capable of determining a state of a voltage regulator, but also capable of directly determining whether or not the voltage level detector is in a normal state.
  • a voltage level detector including a voltage divider configured to generate a first division voltage and a second division voltage based on a first voltage, which is an output voltage of a voltage regulator.
  • a first comparator compares any one of the first and second division voltages with a reference voltage.
  • a second comparator compares the other of the first and second division voltages with the reference voltage.
  • a first switch converts a connection path between the first and second division voltages and the first and second comparators, according to control of a clock signal.
  • a determination circuit determines, based on a first comparison signal that is an output of the first comparator and a second comparison signal that is an output of the second comparator, whether the voltage level detector is in a normal state.
  • a second switch converts a connection path between the first and second comparison signals and input terminals of the determination circuit, according to the control of the clock signal.
  • the voltage divider may be configured to receive the first voltage.
  • the first switch may include: (1) a first input terminal and a second input terminal configured to receive the first and second division voltages, respectively, and (2) a first output terminal and a second output terminal configured to output, according to control of a clock signal, the first and second division voltages, respectively.
  • the first comparator may be connected to one of the first and second output terminals of the first switch and may be configured to receive the reference voltage and output the first comparison signal.
  • the second comparator may be connected to the other of the first and second output terminals of the first switch and may be configured to receive the reference voltage and output the second comparison signal.
  • the second switch may include: (3) a third input terminal and a fourth input terminal configured to receive the first and second comparison signals, respectively, and (4) a third output terminal and a fourth output terminal configured to output, according to control of the clock signal, the first and second comparison signals, respectively.
  • the determination circuit may be configured to receive the first and second comparison signals and output a result signal indicating whether the voltage level detector is in a normal state.
  • the voltage level detector may including a voltage division circuit configured to generate a first division voltage and a second division voltage that are proportionate to a first voltage received from outside.
  • a comparison circuit may compare each of the first and second division voltages with the reference voltage and outputs the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal.
  • the determination circuit generates the result signal based on the first and second comparison signals.
  • a switch circuit may convert a connection path between output terminals of the voltage division circuit and input terminals of the comparison circuit and convert a connection path between output terminals of the comparison circuit and input terminals of the determination circuit, according to control of a clock signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power management device 10.
  • the power management device 10 may include a voltage regulator 100 and a voltage level detector 200.
  • the voltage regulator 100 may generate an output voltage Vreg based on an input voltage and adjust a level of the output voltage Vreg to a target level.
  • the target level may be determined according to a specification of a load device receiving the output voltage Vreg.
  • the voltage regulator 100 may include a low-dropout (LDO) regulator, a buck regulator, a boost regulator, etc.
  • the voltage regulator 100 may provide the output voltage Vreg to the voltage level detector 200.
  • LDO low-dropout
  • the voltage level detector 200 may monitor the output voltage Vreg and determine whether the output voltage Vreg is in a normal range or not. For example, the voltage level detector 200 may determine whether the output voltage Vreg is in a range between lower limit and upper limit voltages (for example, V1 and V2 of FIG. 5 , respectively) of the normal range. The lower limit voltage V1 and the upper limit voltage V2 may be determined according to the specification of a load device. The voltage level detector 200 may generate a result of the determination as a result signal sigR and provide the result signal sigR to the outside, for example, a controller, e.g. an external controller (not shown).
  • a controller e.g. an external controller (not shown).
  • the controller may determine, based on the result signal sigR, whether or not the voltage regulator 100 is normal and/or whether or not the voltage level detector 200 is normal. For example, based on the result signal sigR having a first logic level, the controller may determine that the voltage level detector 200 is in a normal state, and based on the result signal sigR having a second logic level, the controller may determine that the voltage level detector 200 is in an abnormal state.
  • the result signal sigR may be toggled by a clock signal CLK.
  • the controller may determine whether or not the voltage regulator 100 and/or the voltage level detector 200 are (is) normal. For example, when the result signal sigR maintains the first logic level even when the clock signal CLK is toggled, the controller may determine that the voltage level detector 200 is in a normal state.
  • the controller may determine that the voltage level detector 200 is in an abnormal state when the clock signal CLK is toggled from the first logic level to the second logic level.
  • the power management device 10 may determine whether or not the output voltage Vreg of the voltage regulator 100 is in a normal range. In addition, the power management device 10 may determine whether or not the voltage level detector 200 is in a normal state, without including an additional external circuit. Thus, a case in which, while the voltage regulator 100 is in an abnormal state, the abnormal state of the voltage regulator 100 is not detected, due to malfunction of the voltage level detector 200, may be prevented.
  • a state of the voltage level detector 200 configured to determine an abnormal state of the voltage regulator 100 may be detected, a latent fault situation may be prevented in advance.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates that the voltage regulator 100 and the voltage level detector 200 are included in one power management device 10.
  • the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the voltage regulator 100 may be included in a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) and the voltage level detector 200 may be included in a device connected to the PMIC and receiving a power supply.
  • PMIC power management integrated circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the voltage level detector 200.
  • the voltage level detector 200 in accordance with the inventive concept, includes a voltage divider 210, a first switch 220, a second switch 240, a first comparator 231, a second comparator 232, and a determination circuit 250.
  • the voltage divider 210 may receive an output voltage Vreg and generate a plurality of division voltages, that is, a first division voltage Vdiv1 and a second division voltage Vdiv2, which are proportional to a magnitude of the output voltage Vreg. For example, the voltage divider 210 may generate the first division voltage Vdiv1 and the second division voltage Vdiv2 and a magnitude of the first division voltage Vdiv1 may be greater than a magnitude of the second division voltage Vdiv2. As described below with reference to FIG. 3 , the voltage divider 210 may include a plurality of resistors connected in series.
  • the first switch 220 may include two input terminals, that is a first input terminal S11 and a second input terminal S12, and two output terminals, that is a first output terminal S13 and a second output terminal S14.
  • the first switch 220 may receive a clock signal CLK and convert, according to control of the clock signal CLK, connection paths of the first and second input terminals S11 and S12 and the first and second output terminals S13 and S14.
  • the first switch 220 may connect the first input terminal S11 with the second output terminal S14 and the second input terminal S12 with the first output terminal S13, according to the clock signal CLK of a first logic level.
  • the first switch 220 may connect the first input terminal S11 with the first output terminal S13 and the second input terminal S12 with the second output terminal S14, according to the clock signal CLK of a second logic level. Due to toggling of the clock signal CLK, the connection paths in the first switch 220 may be periodically converted.
  • the first and second input terminals S11 and S12 of the first switch 220 may be connected to an output terminal of the voltage divider 210, and the first and second output terminals S13 and S14 of the first switch 220 may be connected to the first and second comparators 231 and 232.
  • the first output terminal S13 of the first switch 220 may be connected to a non-inverted (+) input terminal of the first comparator 231, and the second output terminal S14 of the first switch 220 may be connected to a non-inverted (+) input terminal of the second comparator 232.
  • the first comparator 231 may receive a voltage of the first output terminal S13 of the first switch 220 and a reference voltage Vref and generate a first comparison signal sig1.
  • the first comparator 231 may receive the reference voltage Vref through an inverted (-) input terminal of the first comparator 231. A detailed description with respect to the reference voltage Vref will be described below with reference to FIG. 6 .
  • the first comparator 231 When the voltage received through the non-inverted (+) input terminal of the first comparator 231 is greater than the reference voltage Vref, the first comparator 231 may generate the first comparison signal sig1 of a first logic level; and when the voltage received through the non-inverted (+) input terminal of the first comparator 231 is less than the reference voltage Vref, the first comparator 231 may generate the first comparison signal sig1 of a second logic level.
  • the first logic level may be a logic high level and the second logic level may be a logic low level.
  • the second comparator 232 may receive a voltage of the second output terminal S14 of the first switch 220 and the reference voltage Vref and generate a second comparison signal sig2.
  • the second comparator 232 may receive the reference voltage Vref through an inverted (-) input terminal of the second comparator 232.
  • the second comparator 232 may generate the second comparison signal sig2 of a first logic level; and when the voltage received through the non-inverted (+) input terminal of the second comparator 232 is less than the reference voltage Vref, the second comparator 232 may generate the second comparison signal sig2 of a second logic level.
  • the first logic level may be a logic high level and the second logic level may be a logic low level.
  • the first and second comparators 231 and 232 may be commonly referred to as comparison circuits.
  • the reference voltage Vref may have a predetermined value; and as signals provided to the first and second comparators 231 and 232 through the first and second output terminals S13 and S14 of the first switch 220 are changed, logic levels of the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 may be changed.
  • the first and second comparators 231 and 232 do not normally operate, the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 constantly having the same level (stuck signals) may be output, even when the signals input to the first and second comparators 231 and 232 are changed.
  • the voltage level detector 200 may detect an abnormal state of the first and second comparators 231 and 232 based on the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 constantly having the same level (stuck signals).
  • the second switch 240 may include two input terminals, that is a first input terminal S21 and a second input terminal S22, and two output terminals, that is a first output terminal S23 and a second output terminal S24.
  • the second switch 240 may receive a clock signal CLK and convert, according to control of the clock signal CLK, connection paths between the first and second input terminals S21 and S22 and the first and second output terminals S23 and S24.
  • the second switch 240 may connect the first input terminal S21 with the second output terminal S24 and the second input terminal S22 with the first output terminal S23 according to the clock signal CLK of a first logic level.
  • the second switch 240 may connect the first input terminal S21 with the first output terminal S23 and the second input terminal S22 with the second output terminal S24 according to the clock signal CLK of a second logic level. Due to toggling of the clock signal CLK, the connection paths in the second switch 240 may be periodically converted.
  • the first and second input terminals S21 and S22 of the second switch 240 may be connected to an output terminal of the first comparator 231 and an output terminal of the second comparator 232, respectively. Also, the first and second output terminals S23 and S24 of the second switch 240 may be connected to a first input terminal D1 and a second input terminal D2 of the determination circuit 250, respectively. The first output terminal S23 of the second switch 240 may be connected to the first input terminal D1 of the determination circuit 250, and the second output terminal S24 may be connected to the second input terminal D2 of the determination circuit 250.
  • the first switch 220 and the second switch 240 may be commonly referred to as switch circuits.
  • the determination circuit 250 may include a plurality of logic gates, as described below with reference to FIG. 7 .
  • the determination circuit 250 may receive the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 through the first and second output terminals S23 and S24 of the second switch 240 and generate a result signal sigR based on the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2.
  • the result signal sigR may indicate whether or not the components of the voltage level detector 200 are abnormal.
  • Logic levels of the result signal sigR may be changed according to toggling of the clock signal CLK.
  • the result signal sigR may indicate that the voltage level detector 200 is in a normal state.
  • the result signal sigR may indicate that the first and second comparators 231 and 232 are in a normal state.
  • the result signal sigR may indicate that the voltage level detector 200 is in an abnormal state.
  • the result signal sigR may indicate that the first comparator 231 and/or the second comparator 232 are/is in an abnormal state.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the voltage divider 210.
  • the voltage divider 210 may include a plurality of resistors.
  • a first resistor R1 through a third resistor R3 may be serially connected between a node connected to an output voltage Vreg and a ground node.
  • a magnitude of a first division voltage Vdiv1 and a magnitude of a second division voltage Vdiv2 may be as below.
  • Vdiv 1 R 2 + R 3 R 1 + R 2 + R 3 ⁇ Vreg
  • Vdiv 2 R 3 R 1 + R 2 + R 3 ⁇ Vreg
  • the first division voltage Vdiv1 and the second division voltage Vdiv2 may be proportional to the output voltage Vreg. Also, the magnitude of the first division voltage Vdiv1 may be greater than the magnitude of the second division voltage Vdiv2.
  • FIG. 4 is a logic diagram of the determination circuit 250.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing a reference voltage Vref.
  • the voltage level detector 200 may not intactly use an output voltage Vreg and may use a first division voltage Vdiv1 and a second division voltage Vdiv2 based on the output voltage Vreg to determine whether or not the output voltage Vreg is in a normal range. For example, the voltage level detector 200 may divide the output voltage Vreg into first and second division voltages, Vdiv1 and Vdiv2.
  • points at which the output voltage Vreg reaches a lower limit voltage V1 and an upper limit voltage V2 in a normal range may be detected.
  • the point at which the output voltage Vreg reaches the lower limit voltage V1 may be detected by using the first division voltage Vdiv1 and the point at which the output voltage Vreg reaches the upper limit voltage V2 may be detected by using the second division voltage Vdiv2.
  • the reference voltage Vref may be configured such that the first division voltage Vdiv1 reaches the reference voltage Vref when the output voltage Vreg reaches the lower limit voltage V1. Also, the reference voltage Vref may be configured such that the second division voltage Vdiv2 reaches the reference voltage Vref when the output voltage Vreg reaches the upper limit voltage V2.
  • Both the point at which the output voltage Vreg reaches the lower limit voltage V1 and the point at which the output voltage Vreg reaches the upper limit voltage V2 may be detected by using one reference voltage Vref, and thus, a ratio between the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 of FIG. 3 may be determined according to Equation 2.
  • the voltage divider 210 may be designed based on the lower limit voltage V1 and the upper limit voltage V2 of the output voltage Vreg in a normal range.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are example diagrams of an operation of the voltage level detector 200
  • FIG. 8 is a timing diagram of signals of the voltage level detector 200
  • a clock signal CLK may include a first section p1 having a first logic level (for example, logic high) and a second section p2 having a second logic level (for example, logic low). As described above, as the clock signal CLK is toggled, each of an internal connection relationship of the first switch 220 and an internal connection relationship of the second switch 240 may be changed.
  • the operation shown in FIG. 6 may correspond to an operation of the voltage level detector 200 in the first section p1
  • the operation shown in FIG. 7 may correspond to an operation of the voltage level detector 200 in the second section p2.
  • the timing diagram of FIG. 8 illustrates a case in which the voltage regulator 100 and the voltage level detector 200 operate in a normal state.
  • the first switch 220 may connect the first input terminal S11 with the second output terminal S14 and the second input terminal S12 with the first output terminal S13 in the first section p1.
  • the second switch 240 may connect the first input terminal S21 with the second output terminal S24 and the second input terminal S22 with the first output terminal S23.
  • the voltage divider 210 may receive an output voltage Vreg and generate a first division voltage Vdiv1 and a second division voltage Vdiv2.
  • the output voltage Vreg may be in a normal range.
  • the first switch 220 may receive the first division voltage Vdiv1 through the first input terminal S11 and the second division voltage Vdiv2 through the second input terminal S12. Also, the first switch 220 may provide the second division voltage Vdiv2 to the first comparator 231 through the first output terminal S13 and the first division voltage Vdiv1 to the second comparator 232 through the second output terminal S14.
  • the second comparator 232 may generate a second comparison signal sig2 of logic high. Because the second division voltage Vdiv2 may be less than the reference voltage Vref, the first comparator 231 may generate a first comparison signal sig1 of logic low.
  • the second switch 240 may receive the first comparison signal sig1 through the first input terminal S21 and the second comparison signal sig2 through the second input terminal S22. Also, the second switch 240 may provide the second comparison signal sig2 to the first input terminal D1 of the determination circuit 250 through the first output terminal S23 and the first comparison signal sig1 to the second input terminal D2 of the determination circuit 250 through the second output terminal S24.
  • the determination circuit 250 may generate a result signal sigR of logic high by performing the logic operation described above with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • the first switch 220 may connect the first input terminal S11 with the first output terminal S13 and the second input terminal S12 with the second output terminal S14 in the second section p2.
  • the second switch 240 may connect the first input terminal S21 with the first output terminal S23 and the second input terminal S22 with the second output terminal S24.
  • the first switch 220 may receive the first division voltage Vdiv1 through the first input terminal S11 and the second division voltage Vdiv2 through the second input terminal S12. Also, the first switch 220 may provide the first division voltage Vdiv1 to the first comparator 231 through the first output terminal S13 and the second division voltage Vdiv2 to the second comparator 232 through the second output terminal S14.
  • the first comparator 231 may generate the first comparison signal sig1 of logic high. Because the second division voltage Vdiv2 may be less than the reference voltage Vref, the second comparator 232 may generate the second comparison signal sig2 of logic low.
  • the second switch 240 may receive the first comparison signal sig1 through the first input terminal S21 and the second comparison signal sig2 through the second input terminal S22. Also, the second switch 240 may provide the first comparison signal sig1 to the first input terminal D1 of the determination circuit 250 through the first output terminal S23 and the second comparison signal sig2 to the second input terminal D2 of the determination circuit 250 through the second output terminal S24.
  • the determination circuit 250 may generate the result signal sigR of logic high by performing the logic operation described above with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • the first switch 220 may identify whether each of the first and second comparators 231 or 232 normally operates or not, by changing the signals that are input to each of the first and second comparators 231 and 232, and the second switch 240 may arrange the signals such that the determination circuit 250 may constantly generate the result signal sigR of logic high with respect to the output voltage Vreg included in the normal range.
  • FIG. 9 is a table of a relationship between a signal and a state of the voltage level detector 200. As illustrated in FIG. 9 , H indicates logic high and L indicates logic low.
  • an output voltage Vreg may be in a normal range and when the first comparator 231 and the second comparator 232 are in normal states, regardless of toggling of a clock signal CLK, a result signal sigR may be maintained at a logic high.
  • the first comparator 231 may abnormally operate. For example, the first comparator 231 may always generate the first comparison signal sig1 of logic high.
  • the second input terminal D2 of the determination circuit 250 may receive the first comparison signal sig1 of logic high in a first section p1.
  • the first input terminal D1 of the determination circuit 250 may receive the first comparison signal sig1 of logic high in a second section p2.
  • the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 may have to be a logic low in both of the first section p1 and the second section p2.
  • the first comparator 231 operates abnormally, the first comparison signal sig1 may be constantly a logic high, and the second comparison signal sig2 may be a logic low. Accordingly, the result signal sigR may be a logic low in the first section p1 and a logic high in the second section p2.
  • the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 may be a logic high in both of the first section p1 and the second section p2. Accordingly, the result signal sigR may be a logic low in both of the first and second sections p1 and p2.
  • the first comparator 231 may always generate the first comparison signal sig1 of a logic low.
  • the second input terminal D2 of the determination circuit 250 may receive the first comparison signal sig1 of a logic low in the first section p1.
  • the first input terminal D1 of the determination circuit 250 may receive the first comparison signal sig1 of a logic low in the second section p2.
  • the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 may be a logic low in both of the first section p1 and the second section p2. Accordingly, the result signal sigR may be a logic low in the first and second sections p1 and p2.
  • the first and second comparison signals sig1 and sig2 may have to be a logic high in both of the first section p1 and the second section p2.
  • the first comparator 231 operates abnormally, the first comparison signal sig1 may be constantly a logic low, and the second comparison signal sig2 may be a logic high. Accordingly, the result signal sigR may be a logic high in the first section p1 and a logic low in the second section p2.
  • the second comparator 232 may generate the second comparison signal sig2 that is constantly logic high or logic low. Accordingly, signals that are input to the first and second input terminals D1 and D2 of the determination circuit 250 in each of the first and second sections p1 and p2 may be as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the result signal sigR as shown in FIG. 9 may be obtained based on processes substantially the same as described above.
  • the voltage level detector 200 may determine whether or not the voltage level detector 200 is in a normal state, based on a change in logic level of the result signal sigR according to toggling of the clock signal CLK. In detail, when the result signal sigR is toggled according to the clock signal CLK, the voltage level detector 200 may determine that the first comparator 231 and/or the second comparator 232 operate/operates abnormally. Accordingly, while an additional safety logic may not be provided, a state of the voltage level detector 200 may be detected.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a voltage level detector 200a
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of voltage dividers.
  • the voltage level detector 200a may be substantially the same as the voltage level detector 200 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 9 , and thus, the same features are not repeatedly described.
  • the voltage level detector 200a may include a plurality of voltage dividers, that is, a first voltage divider 211 and a second voltage divider 212.
  • the first voltage divider 211 may receive an output voltage Vreg and generate a first division voltage Vdiv1.
  • the second voltage divider 212 may receive the output voltage Vreg and generate a second division voltage Vdiv2.
  • An output terminal of the first voltage divider 211 may be connected to the first input terminal S11 of the first switch 220, and an output terminal of the second voltage divider 212 may be connected to the second input terminal S12 of the first switch 220.
  • the first voltage divider 211 may include a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5.
  • the fourth and fifth resistors R4 and R5 may be serially connected between a node connected to the output voltage Vreg and a ground node.
  • the second voltage divider 212 may include a sixth resistor R6 and a seventh resistor R7.
  • the sixth and seventh resistors R6 and R7 may be serially connected between a node connected to the output voltage Vreg and a ground node.
  • a magnitude of the first division voltage Vdiv1 and a magnitude of the second division voltage Vdiv2 may be as Equation 3.
  • Vdiv 1 R 5 R 4 + R 5 ⁇ Vreg
  • Vdiv 2 R 6 R 6 + R 7 ⁇ Vreg
  • the first division voltage Vdiv1 and the second division voltage Vdiv2 may be proportional to the output voltage Vreg.
  • the magnitudes of the first division voltage Vdiv1 and the second division voltage Vdiv2 may be freely adjusted.
  • the voltage level detector 200a may have the same configurations as the voltage level detector 200, except for the first and second voltage dividers 211 and 212 configured to generate the first and second division voltages Vdiv1 and Vdiv2, respectively. Thus, the voltage level detector 200a may perform the operation of the voltage level detector 200, described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 9 .
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a voltage level detector 200b
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a voltage divider 213.
  • the voltage level detector 200b may be substantially the same as the voltage level detector 200 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 9 and the voltage level detector 200a described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11 , and thus, the same features are not repeatedly described.
  • the voltage level detector 200b may further receive an analog power voltage AVDD from outside (for example, from an external voltage source). Also, the voltage level detector 200b may further include a power voltage divider 213 configured to divide the analog power voltage AVDD, a first mux mux_1, and a second mux mux_2.
  • the voltage level detector 200b may perform voltage level detection based on the analog power voltage AVDD, before the voltage regulator 100 operates. By doing so, before the voltage regulator 100 starts to operate, an operating state of the voltage level detector 200b may be identified beforehand. This may be referred to as a prior operation that is performed earlier than a main operation.
  • the power voltage divider 213 may receive the analog power voltage AVDD and generate a plurality of power division voltages, that is, a first power division voltage AVdiv1 and a second power division voltage AVdiv2, which are proportional to a magnitude of the analog power voltage AVDD.
  • the power voltage divider 213 may include eighth through tenth resistors R8 to R10 as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the eighth through tenth resistors may be serially connected between a node connected to the analog power voltage AVDD and a ground node.
  • the first power division voltage AVdiv1 may be provided to the first mux mux_1, and the second power division voltage AVdiv2 may be provided to the second mux mux_2.
  • the first mux mux_1 may select and output the first division voltage Vdiv1 of the first voltage divider 211 and the first power division voltage AVdiv1 of the power voltage divider 213, based on a control signal CTRL_T.
  • the second mux mux_2 may select and output the second division voltage Vdiv2 of the second voltage divider 212 and the second power division voltage AVdiv2 of the power voltage divider 213, based on a control signal CTRL_T.
  • the control signal CTRL_T may control the first mux mux_1 and the second mux mux_2 such that the voltage level detector 200b may perform the prior operation or the main operation.
  • the first mux mux_1 and the second mux mux_2 may output the first power division voltage AVdiv1 and the second power division voltage AVdiv2, respectively.
  • the first mux mux_1 and the second mux mux_2 may output the first division voltage Vdiv1 and the second division voltage Vdiv2, respectively.
  • the control signal may also be referred to as a test signal.
  • an abnormal state of a voltage divider may be detected. For example, when a result signal sigR is normally output in the prior operation, and the result signal sigR is not normally output in the main operation, the voltage regulator 100 and/or the first and second voltage dividers 211 and 212 may abnormally operate. When the voltage regulator 100 is in a normal state, it may be identified that the first and second voltage dividers 211 and 212 may abnormally operate.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a system 1.
  • the system 1 may be a semiconductor integrated circuit like a system-on-chip (SoC.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • the system 1 may include a printed circuit board and packages mounted thereon.
  • the system 1 may include a PMIC 20 and a function block 30.
  • the PMIC 20 may include the voltage regulator 100 and generate an output voltage Vreg based on an analog power voltage AVDD and supply the output voltage Vreg to the function block 30.
  • a magnitude of the output voltage Vreg may be determined according to the performance and power consumption required by the function block 30.
  • the function block 30 may operate based on the power provided according to the output voltage Vreg output from the PMIC 20.
  • the function block 30 may be a digital circuit configured to process a digital signal, such as an application processor (AP), etc., or an analog circuit configured to process an analog signal, such as an amplifier, etc.
  • the function block 30 may also be a circuit configured to process a mixed signal, such as an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the system 1 may include multiple function blocks 30.
  • the function block 30 may include a voltage level detector 200c.
  • the voltage level detector 200c may be substantially the same as the voltage level detector 200 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 9 , the voltage level detector 200a described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11 , and the voltage level detector 200b described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 .
  • the voltage level detector 200c may provide a result signal sigR to other components (not shown) of the function block 30 and the components may identify whether or not the voltage level detector 200c and/or the PMIC 20 are/is abnormal based on the result signal sigR.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates that the voltage level detector 200c is included in the function block 30.
  • the voltage level detector 200c is not limited thereto and may also be included in the PMIC.
  • circuits may, for example, be embodied in one or more semiconductor chips, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards and the like.
  • the circuits constituting a block may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or by a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry), or by a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions of the block and a processor to perform other functions of the block.
  • a processor e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry
  • Each block of the embodiments may be physically separated into two or more interacting and discrete blocks without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
  • the blocks of the embodiments may be physically combined into more complex blocks without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
  • An embodiment may be achieved through instructions stored within a non-transitory storage medium and executed by a processor.
  • a voltage level detector may comprise: a voltage divider configured to receive a first voltage, which is an output voltage of a voltage regulator, and generate a first division voltage and a second division voltage based on the first voltage; a first switch comprising a first input terminal and a second input terminal configured to receive the first and second division voltages, respectively, and a first output terminal and a second output terminal configured to output, according to control of a clock signal, the first and second division voltages, respectively; a first comparator connected to one of the first and second output terminals of the first switch and configured to receive a reference voltage and output a first comparison signal; a second comparator connected to the other of the first and second output terminals of the first switch and configured to receive the reference voltage and output a second comparison signal; a second switch comprising a third input terminal and a fourth input terminal configured to receive the first and second comparison signals, respectively, and a third output terminal and a fourth output terminal configured to output, according to control of the clock signal, the first and second comparison signals, respectively; and a determination
  • the clock signal may have a first logic level
  • the first switch may be further configured to connect the first input terminal with the second output terminal and the second input terminal with the first output terminal
  • the second switch may be further configured to connect the third input terminal with the fourth output terminal and the fourth input terminal with the third output terminal.
  • the clock signal may have a second logic level that is different from the first logic level: the first switch may be further configured to connect the first input terminal with the first output terminal and the second input terminal with the second output terminal, and the second switch may be further configured to connect the third input terminal with the third output terminal and the fourth input terminal with the fourth output terminal.
  • the determination circuit may comprise a fifth input terminal and a sixth input terminal, and when the determination circuit receives a signal of a logic high level through the fifth input terminal and a signal of a logic low level through the sixth input terminal, the result signal may indicate the normal state of the voltage level detector.
  • the first and second division voltages may be proportional to the first voltage, and a magnitude of the first division voltage may be greater than a magnitude of the second division voltage.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Logic Circuits (AREA)
  • Manipulation Of Pulses (AREA)
EP22175929.3A 2021-05-31 2022-05-27 Voltage level detector performing state detection Active EP4099040B1 (en)

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