EP4098942A1 - Verfahren zur behandlung von organischen abfällen durch pyrolyse - Google Patents

Verfahren zur behandlung von organischen abfällen durch pyrolyse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4098942A1
EP4098942A1 EP22175355.1A EP22175355A EP4098942A1 EP 4098942 A1 EP4098942 A1 EP 4098942A1 EP 22175355 A EP22175355 A EP 22175355A EP 4098942 A1 EP4098942 A1 EP 4098942A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
pyrolysis
elements
vibrating
gasification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22175355.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
François Hustache
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP4098942A1 publication Critical patent/EP4098942A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C10B49/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form according to the "moving bed" type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/125—Vibrating conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/508—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating
    • F23G2900/50801—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating using the heat from externally heated bodies, e.g. steel balls

Definitions

  • This patent application relates to the field of the treatment of organic waste by pyrolysis.
  • organic waste waste comprising organic matter with a humidity typically between 15 and 25% by mass.
  • the gas or gases resulting from the pyrolysis reaction can be used in particular to operate heat engines, or even hydrogen fuel cells, depending on the composition of these gases.
  • oils resulting from the pyrolysis reaction can be stored and subsequently used to produce energy, for chemical recovery of the components of this oil, to produce a diesel or gasoline type fuel, to power a heat engine.
  • the coal resulting from the pyrolysis reaction has a high calorific value, and can be used advantageously to heat boilers or other industrial devices.
  • the ashes and mineral matter resulting from the pyrolysis reaction constitute ultimate waste that can be used as filling material for example for road embankments, and/or be buried in a specialized center in classes 1 or 2 as defined by the legislation in force. .
  • This intimate mixture makes it possible to very quickly and homogeneously raise the temperature of the organic waste to be treated, within temperature ranges typically between 400°C and 950°C.
  • the toroidal elements have a high weight, typically of the order of 8 kg/l, making their conveying in the installation both complex and energy-intensive.
  • the present invention aims in particular to remedy these drawbacks.
  • FIG. 1 On which there is shown a first embodiment of an installation making it possible to implement the method according to the invention, and typically making it possible to process from 1,000 to 20,000 tons of organic waste per year.
  • This process uses toric elements which are brought to a high temperature, in order to allow the heating of the organic waste with a view to their pyrolysis.
  • these toroidal elements are made essentially or entirely of ceramic, optionally coated with a metal or a metal alloy.
  • a ceramic of the alumina or alumina alloy type may be suitable.
  • the density of such a ceramic is substantially equal to half that of a refractory steel, and its calorific value (specific heat) is substantially 1.8 times greater than that of a refractory steel.
  • the mass necessary to provide the energy necessary for the pyrolysis reactions of organic waste will be substantially two times lower with ceramic toroidal elements, compared to refractory steel toric elements.
  • toroidal ceramic elements being covered with a catalytic coating, such as an alloy with a high nickel content.
  • toric elements with a diameter of the order of 10 mm make it possible to optimize the heat transfer towards the organic waste to be treated, and therefore the pyrolysis reaction, but according to the pyrolysis reactions desired and incoming toroids can be much larger, up to approximately 50 mm.
  • the toroidal elements T can have an axial section that is elliptical, circular, rectangular, square, or any other section that is easily achievable on an industrial production scale.
  • toric elements T with a rectangular axial section will be chosen, so that these toric elements T can have the shape of a substantially cylindrical ring, that is to say a hollow cylinder in its center, as shown in the two views of the figure 2 .
  • the toroidal elements are conveyed vertically from bottom to top thanks to a vibrating elevator 1.
  • the travel time of the toroidal elements inside the vibrating elevator 1 is typically between 3 and 5 minutes, and the treatment capacity of such a vibrating elevator is typically around 8 tons per hour.
  • This vibrating elevator opens in its upper part inside a transfer pipe 3 allowing the toroidal elements to be brought inside a heating furnace 5, essentially in the form of a silo and comprising in his lower part a burner 7 making it possible to raise the temperature of the toroidal elements to a temperature typically situated between 400 and 950°C.
  • the toric elements are heated against the current inside the heating furnace 5, that is to say that the heating gases produced by the burner 7 circulate from bottom to top inside the heating furnace 5 , while the toroidal elements circulate from top to bottom: this configuration makes it possible to heat the toroidal elements to a perfectly controlled temperature, and thus to precisely control the desired pyrolysis reaction.
  • the toroidal elements undergo oxidation at high temperature making it possible to regenerate the catalytic effect of the catalytic coating, if necessary.
  • the interior of the heating furnace 5 is devoid of any mechanical element likely to form asperities, making it possible to avoid any blocking of the toroidal elements, as well as pressure drops at the periphery.
  • the burner 7 can be supplied with natural gas, or else with syngas, that is to say with a mixture of gases capable of giving off heat by combustion.
  • An exchanger 9 located in the upper part of the heating furnace 5 makes it possible to recover the heat of the combustion inside the furnace 5, with a view to heating the combustion air of the burner to improve combustion, and/or to produce steam for various applications such as the cogeneration of electrical energy.
  • a vibrating conveyor 11 is connected to the lower part of the heating furnace 5, making it possible to convey at the desired rate the toroidal elements heated to a temperature between 400 and 950° C. towards a pyrolysis reactor 13 also presenting itself substantially under the form of a silo, and whose inner part is devoid of any mechanical element likely to form roughness.
  • a seal lock 15 allows the toric elements coming from the vibrating conveyor 11 to penetrate inside the pyrolysis reactor 13 with practically no gas circulation between the heating furnace 5 and the reactor 13: this avoids the supply of oxygen, and the combustion of part of the syngas produced inside the pyrolysis reactor 13.
  • An organic waste inlet pipe 17, opening into the upper part of the pyrolysis reactor 13, makes it possible to bring the waste to be treated inside this reactor 13, so that they mix intimately with the toric elements, for the pyrolysis reaction to occur.
  • the circulation inside the pipe 17 can take place purely by fluid circulation, or even require an endless screw or the like.
  • the syngas resulting from the pyrolysis of the organic waste inside the pyrolysis reactor 13 is evacuated via an outlet pipe 19 with a view to the treatment of this gaseous mixture, or else its use, such as for operating a heat engine and/or to supply the burner of the heating furnace.
  • An inlet pipe for gasifying agents can also be provided substantially halfway up the reactor: this pipe allows the introduction inside the reactor of steam, depending on the nature of the organic waste and/or the products which it is desired to recover at the end of the pyrolysis reaction.
  • the toric elements Once the toric elements have arrived in the lower part of the pyrolysis reactor 13, and they have transferred their heat to the organic waste so as to allow the pyrolysis reaction, they are evacuated by a vibrating screen 21 in the direction of the base of the vibrating elevator 1, a second airlock 23 similar to the first airlock 15 making it possible to prevent air from entering inside the vibrating elevator 1.
  • An Archimedean screw 27 always in charge in order to avoid the penetration of air inside the ashtray 25, makes it possible to evacuate the coal and the ashes cooled towards a mobile container for a valuation or a left at the dump.
  • the installation is provided so as to avoid as much as possible the arrival of air in the various pipes, and inside the heating furnace 5 and the reactor pyrolysis 13, so that the pyrolysis reaction can be carried out optimally.
  • the various means for conveying the toric elements do not include any mobile mechanical element, and in particular no Archimedean screw: the displacement of these toric elements is carried out exclusively by gravity and/or by vibration, this displacement being favored by the relatively low weight ceramic toric elements.
  • the various vibrating elements make it possible to rid the toroidal elements of soot and other impurities, helping to maintain their ability to quickly transfer heat to the organic waste to be treated, as well as the action of the catalytic coating in the pyrolysis reaction, if any.
  • This installation differs from the previous one in that it comprises, in addition to the elements described above, a gasification/reforming reactor 29 located downstream of the pyrolysis reactor 13, and upstream of the vibrating screen 21.
  • the gasification/reforming reactor 29 is also in the form of a silo devoid inside of mechanical elements likely to form asperities.
  • a connecting pipe 31 connects the lower part of the pyrolysis reactor 29 to the lower part of the gasification/reforming reactor 13.
  • This connecting pipe 31 makes it possible to bring the syngas resulting from the pyrolysis reaction inside the pyrolysis reactor 13, towards the inside of the gasification/reforming reactor 29.
  • This pipe 31 is coated with heating means, for example electric, making it possible to avoid the risk of condensation of the syngas circulating inside.
  • Sealed airlocks 33, 35 are arranged respectively at the lower outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 13, and at the upper inlet of the gasification/reforming reactor 29.
  • a gas outlet pipe 19 is also arranged substantially halfway up this reactor 29.
  • the toroidal elements T are carried by the burner 7 to a temperature typically situated between 500 and 700° C., so as to carry out the pyrolysis of the organic waste inside the reactor of pyrolysis 13.
  • the syngas produced by this pyrolysis reaction comprising in particular carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and carbon, are sent via the connecting pipe 31 inside the gasification/reforming reactor 29.
  • the gaseous mixture resulting from these reforming reactions is evacuated through the gas outlet pipe 19, with a view to treatment and/or recovery, and in particular with a view to separating the hydrogen from the other gases, by a membrane process or the like.
  • an installation that complies with picture 3 makes it possible to obtain 275 Nm 3 of hydrogen for a flow rate of 500 kg/h of dry biomass, ie a yield of the order of 46% with respect to the internal calorific value of the biomass.
  • This installation differs from that of the figure 1 in that it comprises, in addition to the elements previously described, a gasification/reforming reactor 29 located downstream of the heating furnace 5 of the toric elements T and upstream of a pyrolysis reactor 13.
  • a vibrating conveyor 40 makes it possible to lead the toric elements T coming from the heating furnace 5 towards a sealing chamber 15, then inside the gasification/reforming reactor 29.
  • An air inlet pipe 41 makes it possible to bring air in metered volume inside the gasification/reforming reactor 29.
  • a syngas outlet pipe 19 makes it possible to recover the syngas - essentially carbon monoxide and oxygen - resulting from the gasification/reforming reaction inside the reactor 29, with a view to its treatment or its recovery.
  • This reaction takes place at a temperature of between 900 and 950°C, and the toroidal elements T exit through the lower part of the gasification/reforming reactor 29 at a temperature of the order of 600°C.
  • the syngas generated by this pyrolysis reaction is returned via a connecting pipe 45 from the pyrolysis reactor 13 to the gasification/reforming reactor 29.
  • the coal, ashes and mineral matter are separated from the toric elements at the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 13 by a vibrating screen 21.
  • the toroidal elements then join the vibrating elevator 1, and the coal, the ashes and mineral matter recovered inside an ashtray 25 are taken back inside the gasification/reforming reactor by an Archimedean screw 47.
  • the pyrolysis must be carried out at low temperature, typically below 500° C., in a very precise and constant manner.
  • the toric elements T must lose approximately 100°C between their entry and their exit from the pyrolysis reactor, that is to say go from a temperature of approximately 500°C to a temperature of about 400°C.
  • a heating conveyor 37a, 37b, 37c making it possible to convey the toric elements T inside each pyrolysis reactor while raising their temperature by approximately 100° C., so that they arrive heated to approximately 500° C. inside each reactor.
  • the syngas that can be condensed into oil is recovered from each pyrolysis reactor 13a, 13b, 13c by respective outlet pipes 49a, 49b, 49c which convey it to a condenser 51 to be transformed into oil.
  • coals are recovered as in the previous embodiments by means of a vibrating screen 21 and an ashtray 25.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP22175355.1A 2021-05-29 2022-05-25 Verfahren zur behandlung von organischen abfällen durch pyrolyse Pending EP4098942A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2105632 2021-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4098942A1 true EP4098942A1 (de) 2022-12-07

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5390901A (en) * 1993-09-27 1995-02-21 Rockwell International Corporation Energetic material feeder
US7077878B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2006-07-18 Dr. Mühlen Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for gasifying organic materials and mixtures of materials
US20100119440A1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2010-05-13 Heinz-Juergen Muehlen Method for producing a product gas rich in hydrogen
FR2945817A1 (fr) 2009-05-25 2010-11-26 Francois Hustache Nouveau dispositif pour la gazeification de dechets organiques, et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif
WO2017203587A1 (ja) * 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 株式会社ジャパンブルーエナジー バイオマスのガス化装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5390901A (en) * 1993-09-27 1995-02-21 Rockwell International Corporation Energetic material feeder
US7077878B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2006-07-18 Dr. Mühlen Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for gasifying organic materials and mixtures of materials
US20100119440A1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2010-05-13 Heinz-Juergen Muehlen Method for producing a product gas rich in hydrogen
FR2945817A1 (fr) 2009-05-25 2010-11-26 Francois Hustache Nouveau dispositif pour la gazeification de dechets organiques, et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif
WO2017203587A1 (ja) * 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 株式会社ジャパンブルーエナジー バイオマスのガス化装置

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