EP4092323A1 - Individual burner with a combustion chamber base - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a single fireplace for burning fuel, such as firewood, with a combustion chamber for receiving the fuel, which is delimited at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor, and an air duct device for ducting combustion air into the combustion chamber, the air duct device being designed with an air duct box , which is arranged under the combustion chamber floor, and the combustion chamber floor is designed to open from the combustion chamber to allow access to the air duct box.

Description

Background of the Invention

The invention relates to a single fireplace for burning fuel, such as firewood, with a combustion chamber for receiving the fuel, which is delimited at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor, and an air duct device for guiding combustion air into the combustion chamber.

Solid fuels, such as firewood in particular in the form of piece goods or bulk goods, are burned with individual fireplaces of the type mentioned here. Such individual fireplaces are in particular burner inserts of tiled stoves or. They include a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber floor onto which the fuel is placed through a combustion chamber door that can be opened. The combustion chamber door is then closed, so the combustion process is a so-called closed fireplace.

During the combustion there, the fuel is first gasified to fuel gas at high temperature and by means of the supply of main combustion air, which contains oxygen. The fuel gas is then further oxidized as a mixed gas together with secondary combustion air, which contains additional oxygen, and is thus burned to form exhaust gas.

The combustion air is guided to and into the combustion chamber by means of an air-guiding device. The flue gas is discharged from the individual fireplace by means of a chimney device.

Underlying Task

The invention is based on the object of designing a generic individual fireplace in such a way that it can be operated in a particularly maintenance-friendly manner.

Solution according to the invention

This object is achieved according to the invention with a single fireplace for burning fuel, such as firewood, with a combustion chamber for receiving the fuel, which is delimited at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor, and an air duct device for ducting combustion air into the combustion chamber, the air duct device having an air duct box positioned beneath the combustion chamber floor and wherein the combustion chamber floor is configured to be openable from the combustion chamber to allow access into the air duct box.

By means of the invention, an air duct box is thus opened through the combustion chamber in a single fireplace and in this way made accessible for maintenance work.

Therefore, with this solution according to the invention, no additional maintenance flap for access to the air duct box needs to be provided, for example on the associated tiled stove. The construction of the tiled stove can thus be simplified and its visual appearance improved.

Advantageous developments of the invention

In the air duct box made accessible in this way, a first control device is preferably provided for controlling a volume quantity of a main combustion air to be fed into the combustion chamber per unit of time. Furthermore, a second control device for controlling a volume quantity of secondary combustion air to be fed into the combustion chamber per unit of time is advantageously provided in the air duct box. The control devices arranged in this way can advantageously be installed in the air duct box according to the invention and advantageously maintained there over the service life of the associated individual fireplace.

In addition, the first and/or second control device is preferably designed with a control slide, by means of which a number of individual air openings can optionally be covered at the same time. Such a control slide can be designed to be particularly space-saving and, with a large adjustable actuator surface, have a comparatively short actuator path.

Additionally or alternatively, a switching device of a door switch of a combustion chamber door that selectively closes the combustion chamber is advantageously provided in the air duct box.

All of the technical equipment arranged in this way can be accommodated particularly advantageously in terms of space and at the same time is particularly easily accessible with the solution according to the invention for adjustment and maintenance work. Due to the combustion chamber floor that can be opened according to the invention, a comparatively large opening area can be created in the air duct box, so that it is very easily accessible with its technical equipment.

An air line is also preferably to be coupled to the air duct box according to the invention by means of a connecting device which is connected to a first, at least partially on the outside of the air duct box and is designed with a second, at least partially on the inside of the air duct box connection element, wherein the second connection element is to be coupled from the air connection box to the first connection element in a largely fluid-tight manner. The connection device of this type can be coupled solely from the inside of the air duct box and can therefore also be connected without external access to the air line.

In addition, the combustion chamber floor is preferably designed with at least one floor element, which is designed to be removable from its installed position in the combustion chamber floor into the combustion chamber. Such a floor element can be completely removed from the combustion chamber for assembly and maintenance purposes, so that a particularly large amount of room to move is kept free there. Alternatively, such a floor element can also be foldable or pivotable, in particular locally bound to a hinge and thus installed in a particularly precise position.

The at least one floor element is also advantageously made of a fireclay material and on the outside of the at least one floor element there is at least one flat separating element for largely fluid-tight separation of the air duct box from the combustion chamber, with the separating element being particularly made of a metal material. For the underside of the combustion chamber, a heat-resistant inner layer is formed with the at least one base element and an at least largely fluid-tight outer layer is formed with the flat separating element.

An air duct penetrating the combustion chamber floor for conducting combustion air is preferably formed adjacent to the at least one floor element. This air duct serves on the one hand as a duct for conducting combustion air and on the other hand as free space, which is advantageously available as movement space for removing the floor element arranged next to it.

Finally, such an air guiding device according to the invention is advantageously provided with an inlet device for introducing combustion air into the combustion chamber, the inlet device being designed adjacent to the at least one floor element and being designed in particular to be removed from the combustion chamber. With the introduction device, combustion air can be supplied in the manner of a nozzle in a targeted manner and in particular also in a directed manner into the combustion chamber. Furthermore, this introduction device can advantageously be inserted into the free space of the above-mentioned air duct and can also be easily removed there again.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht im Längsschnitt eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Einzelfeuerstätte,

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Luftführungskastens der Einzelfeuerstätte gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht des unteren Teils eines Längsschnitts ähnlich zu Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

das Detail IV gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 5

den Schnitt V-V gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 6

eine Ansicht ähnlich zu Fig. 3 während der dortigen Montage einer Anschlusseinrichtung,

Fig. 7

den Schnitt VII-VII gemäß Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

das Detail VIII gemäß Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines ersten Wandungselements des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 1 und

Fig. 10

ein Diagramm zur Steuerung von Verbrennungsluft an der Einzelfeuerstätte gemäß Fig. 1.

An exemplary embodiment of the solution according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. It shows:

1

a perspective view in longitudinal section of an embodiment of a single fireplace according to the invention,

2

a perspective view of an air duct box according to the individual fireplace 1 ,

3

a perspective view of the lower part of a longitudinal section similar to FIG 1 ,

4

the detail IV according to 1 ,

figure 5

according to section VV 1 ,

6

a view similar to 3 during the installation of a connection device there,

7

according to section VII-VII 6 ,

8

the detail VIII according to 7 ,

9

a perspective view of a first wall element of the embodiment according to 1 and

10

according to a diagram for controlling combustion air at the individual fireplace 1 .

Detailed description of the embodiment

In the Figures 1 to 9 an individual fireplace 10 in the form of a tiled stove insert is illustrated as a heating device, which comprises a cuboid housing 12 with a combustion chamber 14 arranged therein. The combustion chamber 14 is also designed essentially cuboid and lined on its combustion chamber floor 16, its side walls 18 and its rear wall 20 with flame-resistant fireclay material in plate form. A substantially rectangular combustion chamber door 24 is installed in an associated front wall 22 of the combustion chamber 14, by means of which the combustion chamber 14 can be selectively opened and closed. A fuel to be burned, such as firewood in particular, can be stacked as piece goods on the combustion chamber floor 16 and burned there.

At the top of combustion chamber 14 there is a combustion chamber ceiling 26 for discharging exhaust gas from combustion chamber 14, with combustion air being conducted from outside combustion chamber 14 through an air duct device 28 into combustion chamber 14 at the bottom and being discharged from combustion chamber 14 at the top by means of an exhaust gas discharge device 30 .

The air ducting device 28 includes an essentially tubular air duct 32 whose front end is coupled to an essentially cuboid air ducting box 36 by means of a connecting device 34 . The air duct box 36 is located below the combustion chamber floor 16.

A first air duct 38 leads from the air duct box 36 to a first air outlet 40 in the combustion chamber 14 , which is located near the lower and/or upper area of the combustion chamber door 24 . The lower air supply is used in particular to cool the combustion chamber door 24. The upper air supply is used to supply additional oxygen to the fuel gas. Furthermore, a second air duct 42 branches off from the air duct 38 or alternatively from the air duct box 36 itself, which second air duct 42 leads to a second air outlet 44 near the combustion chamber floor 16 to a floor surface 46 there. With such air ducts 38 and 42, combustion air is conducted into the combustion chamber 14, the oxygen from which is required for the combustion of the fuel.

Any exhaust gas produced in this way is discharged by means of an exhaust gas hood 48 belonging to the exhaust gas discharge device 30 . This exhaust gas hood 48 is located on the upper side of the combustion chamber 14 and includes an afterburning chamber 50 which is designed to be open at the top by means of a circular exhaust gas outlet 52 .

The combustion chamber 14 is bordered by two plate-shaped side wall elements 54 and a plate-shaped rear wall element 56 and has two central floor elements 58 on its underside, which represent second wall elements. A covering device for covering the air duct box 36 is created with these two floor elements 58 . This covering device can be removed from the individual fireplace 10 through the combustion chamber 14 by a user or maintenance personnel, so that the air duct box 36 is thereby accessible from the outside.

Two likewise plate-shaped floor elements 60 are arranged opposite one another to the side next to the floor elements or second wall elements 58 . Between each of these floor elements 60 and the adjacent floor element 58 there is a first wall element 62 with which an introduction device for combustion air from the second air duct 42 on second air outlet 44 is formed. The first wall element 62 is located in an air duct 64.

Below the two central floor elements 58 there is a bearing surface 66 made of sheet metal, which is supported on a frame-like bearing element 68 towards the first air duct 38 (see FIG 6 and 8th ). Further down, on the underside of the essentially flat, cubic air duct 38, there is a separating surface 70, also made of sheet metal, which separates the air duct box 36 at a frame-like separating element 72 (see Fig 6 ). For the aforementioned opening of the air duct box 36 from the combustion chamber 14 , in addition to the base elements 58 , this bearing surface 66 and this separating surface 70 are also opened and removed.

A first control device 74 for controlling a volumetric quantity of main combustion air to be fed into combustion chamber 14 per unit of time and a second control device 76 for controlling a volumetric quantity of secondary combustion air to be fed into combustion chamber 14 per unit of time are arranged in air duct box 36, which is then accessible from above . The control devices 74 and 76 are advantageously cooled in the air duct box 36 by the air flowing through it. The air duct box 36 is also dimensioned to have a comparatively large volume, as a result of which pressure losses there can be kept low when there is a flow and, moreover, a large amount of installation space is available for the devices mentioned.

The first control device 74 includes an actuator motor 78 with which an actuator mechanism 80 can be actuated. This moves a first control slide 82 and a second control slide 84 (see Figures 4 and 5 ). The first control slide 82, which can also be referred to as the main air slide, and the second control slide 84, which can also be referred to as the slide for secondary air, floor air or control air, each have several slide openings 86 arranged next to one another in a row and can be moved in each case by means of a setting link 88 . The control slides 82 and 84 thus each release air openings 90 which are formed on the one hand in the interface between the air duct box 36 and the first air duct 38 and between the first air duct 38 and the second air duct 42 . Because several air openings 90 are enlarged or released or reduced or blocked at the same time, the associated control slides 82 and 84 can have particularly small actuator travels 92 and 94, respectively.

Furthermore, the switching device 98 associated with a door switch 96 is arranged in the air duct box 36 . The door switch 96 itself is located below the combustion chamber door 24 and is to be actuated when the combustion chamber door 24 is opened and closed.

With the two lateral floor elements 60 and the first wall elements 62 adjoining them, a floor trough 100 is formed in relation to the central floor elements 58 located a little further down, in which the firewood is to be stacked and which is then attached with its two lateral edges 102 to the inlet device for combustion air first wall elements 62 borders. The bottom recess 100 serves to enclose the firewood with a heat shield and thus to create and maintain a bed of embers on its underside and on its lower side edges.

The wall elements 62 (see 9 ) are made of metal in the manner of a profiled rod or strip profile with a profiled balcony 104 which is directed in the direction of the adjacent floor element 58 and protrudes there (see 8 ), to which a profile cover 106 extending essentially horizontally is connected. A first, high profile web 108 and a second, less high profile web 110 protrude side by side downward from the profile cover 106 . In the then directed to the adjacent floor element 58 profile web 110 are next to each other in a row a plurality of openings 112 in the form of Notch openings formed that extend into the overlying profile balcony 104 inside. With such rows of openings 112 in the wall elements 62 on both opposite sides of the bottom recess 100, side air firing is created for the fire burning there. These openings or notch openings 112 are partially covered to the side by an adjacent edge region 114 of the base element 58, with a flow path 116 for combustion air remaining through the openings 112 in each case.

The essentially cubic air duct box 36 is designed in its essentially flat, in particular rectangular box wall surfaces, each with a removable wall area (see FIG 6 ), so that in this area a connection opening 118 penetrating the box wall surface is released. This connection opening 118 is designed in the form of an elongated hole or also oval, so that a first connection element 120 in the form of a pipe socket and circular in cross-section can be arranged therein with some freedom of movement. The connecting element 120 is to be coupled to the air duct box 36 from the outside and is in turn coupled to the air line 32 in a fluid-conducting manner. On its outer circumference, the connection element 120 has a connection collar 122 that essentially protrudes radially there and that is to be placed against the air duct box 36 in order in this way to seal off the freedom of movement around the connection element 120 . A connecting flange 124 of the connecting element 120, on which a bayonet connection 126 is formed, then protrudes inwards into the air duct box 36 . A second connection element 128 with a connection ring 130 protruding radially to the outside is to be coupled to this bayonet connection 126 on the inside of the air duct box 36 in a form-fitting manner. A connecting web 132 extending essentially diametrically in the connecting ring 130 engages in the bayonet connection 126 .

In the 8 and 9 is illustrated, as with the air duct box 36 accessible in this way and the control devices 74 and 74 arranged therein 76 controlled by the air ducts 38 and 42, the combustion air is directed to the first air outlet 40 and to the two second air outlets 44. At the two second air outlets 44 , the combustion air exits, in particular through the flow paths 116 there, directed somewhat obliquely downwards at the first wall elements 62 serving as introduction devices into the floor recess 100 . The outlet angle of the combustion air introduced in this way is in particular in relation to the horizontal downwards between 10° and 80°, particularly preferably between 30° and 60°.

According to the diagram 10 the combustion duration is indicated on a horizontal axis 134 starting from the start of combustion at 0 to the end of combustion at 100. A vertical axis 136 shows the volumetric amount of combustion air supplied per unit of time, with a curve 138 showing the amount of main combustion air through the first air outlet 40 and a curve 140 showing the amount of secondary combustion air at the first wall elements 62. It can be seen that the main combustion air increases more and more largely in a parabolic manner with the combustion duration, whereas the secondary combustion air begins with a comparatively low quantity and then decreases largely linearly until a turning point 142 is reached. After the turning point 142, which is about halfway through the combustion process in the combustion chamber 14, the quantity of secondary combustion air increases again largely linearly until it has approximately doubled its initial value.

reference list

10

single fireplace

12

Housing

14

combustion chamber

16

combustion chamber floor

18

Side wall

20

back panel

22

front wall

24

combustion chamber door

26

combustion chamber ceiling

28

air duct device

30

exhaust gas discharge device

32

air line

34

connection device

36

air duct box

38

first air duct

40

first air outlet

42

second air duct

44

second air outlet

46

floor space

48

exhaust hood

50

afterburner

52

exhaust gas outlet

54

side panel

56

rear wall element

58

second wall element in the form of a central floor element

60

lateral floor element

62

first wall element

64

air duct

66

bearing surface

68

support element

70

interface

72

separator

74

first controller

76

second controller

78

actuator motor

80

actuator mechanism

82

first spool valve

84

second spool

86

slider opening

88

controller gate

90

air vent

92

Actuator travel of the first control spool

94

Actuator travel of the second control spool

96

door switch

98

switching device

100

floor pan

102

edge of the floor pan

104

Profile balcony of the bar profile

106

profile ceiling

108

first profile bar

110

second profile bar

112

Opening in the form of a notch opening

114

Edge area of the second wall element

116

Flow path for combustion air

118

port opening

120

first connection element

122

connection collar

124

connection flange

126

bayonet connection

128

second connection element

130

connection ring

132

connecting bridge

134

horizontal axis

136

vertical axis

138

Curve

140

Curve

142

turning point

Claims (10)

Individual fireplace (10) for burning fuel, such as firewood, comprising: - A combustion chamber (14) for receiving the fuel, which is bounded at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor (16), and - an air guiding device (28) for guiding combustion air into the combustion chamber (14), wherein the air duct device (28) is designed with an air duct box (36) which is arranged under the combustion chamber floor (16), and the combustion chamber floor (16) is designed to be openable from the combustion chamber (14) in order to provide access to the air duct box ( 36) to allow. Individual fireplace according to claim 1,
characterized in that a first control device (74) for controlling a volumetric quantity of a main combustion air to be fed into the combustion chamber (14) per unit of time is provided in the air duct box (36). Individual fireplace according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that a second control device (76) for controlling a volume quantity of secondary combustion air to be fed into the combustion chamber (14) per unit of time is provided in the air duct box (36). Individual fireplace according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the first and/or second control device (74, 76) is designed with a control slide (82; 84) by means of which a row of individual air openings (90) can optionally be covered at the same time. Individual fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that a switching device (98) of a door switch (96) of a combustion chamber door (24) which selectively closes the combustion chamber (14) is provided in the air duct box (36). Individual fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that an air line (32) is to be coupled to the air duct box (36) by means of a connection device (34), which is connected to a first connection element (120) arranged at least partially on the outside of the air duct box and to a second connection element (120) at least partially on the inside of the air duct box ( 36) arranged connection element (128) is designed, wherein the second connection element (128) from the air connection box (36) to the first connection element (120) is largely fluid-tight to couple. Individual fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the combustion chamber floor (16) is designed with at least one floor element (58) which is designed to be removable from its installed position in the combustion chamber floor (16) into the combustion chamber (14). Individual fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the at least one floor element (58) is made of a fireclay material and at least one flat separating element (72) is provided on the outside of the at least one floor element (58) for largely fluid-tight separation of the air duct box (36) from the combustion chamber (14). , wherein the separating element (72) is designed in particular from a metal material. . Individual fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that an air duct (64) penetrating the combustion chamber floor (16) for conducting combustion air is formed adjoining the at least one floor element (58). Individual fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that the air guiding device (28) is provided with an inlet device (62) for introducing combustion air into the combustion chamber, the inlet device (62) being designed to adjoin the at least one floor element (58) and in particular to be separated from the combustion chamber (14) is designed to be taken from.

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