EP4089232B1 - Rail grinding machine and method for grinding rails of a track - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a rail grinding machine and a method for grinding rails of a track.

From the CN 106 192 630 A A rail grinding machine is known. The rail grinding machine includes a machine frame on which several guide rollers are rotatably mounted for manually moving the rail grinding machine on the rails. For positioning a grinding unit, the rail grinding machine comprises a first cross slide, which is arranged on the machine frame so as to be displaceable transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail, and a second cross slide, which is arranged on the first cross slide so as to be displaceable transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail. The grinding unit is arranged in a height-adjustable manner on the second cross slide.

From the GB 2 540 767 A A rail grinding machine is known. The rail grinding machine includes a machine frame on which a cross slide is displaceably arranged. Various grinding units can be arranged interchangeably on the cross slide. For this purpose, the respective grinding unit is placed on pins that are arranged on the cross slide.

The invention is based on the object of creating a rail grinding machine which enables simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track.

This task is solved by a rail grinding machine with the features of claim 1. Because the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is interchangeably arranged on the cross slide, a first grinding unit for profiling a rail can be easily exchanged for a second grinding unit for deburring a rail and vice versa. Due to the interchangeability, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit can be easily transported to the rail to be ground separately from the rest of the rail grinding machine. Depending on the desired grinding operation, the rail grinding machine can be operated with the first grinding unit and/or with the second grinding unit. For this purpose, the first grinding unit can be easily exchanged for the second grinding unit and vice versa.

The quick-change device ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a track rail. The quick-change device in particular enables a positive and/or frictional, interchangeable fastening of the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit. The rail grinding machine preferably comprises a grinding unit carrier with at least one support element, which is interchangeably connected to the at least one grinding unit or to the respective grinding unit via the quick-change device. Preferably, the quick-change device comprises first quick-change elements and associated second quick-change elements, which can be reversibly connected to one another in a form-fitting and/or friction-locking manner. The quick-change device enables simple and user-friendly replacement of the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit.

The fact that the quick-change device comprises at least one actuating element for reversibly clamping a first quick-change element and an associated second quick-change element ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. Preferably, a first quick-change element and/or a second quick-change element can be displaced by means of the at least one actuating element. The at least one actuating element is designed, for example, as a pivoting lever. By actuating the at least one actuating element, the first quick-change element and the associated second quick-change element are clamped in particular in a form-fitting and/or friction-locking manner. An actuating element is preferably assigned to each first quick-change element or each associated second quick-change element. The at least one actuating element enables simple and user-friendly locking or clamping and releasing of the quick-change device for attaching and replacing the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit. Preferably, a first quick-change element and an associated second quick-change element form a respective linear guide. Each linear guide is preferably assigned an actuating element.

The at least one grinding unit is in particular replaceably attached to a guide frame, preferably to a grinding unit carrier which is arranged on the guide frame. The guide frame is arranged in particular pivotably on the cross slide.

The machine frame can be manually moved in a longitudinal direction by means of the guide rollers. The longitudinal direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the rail. The transverse direction runs transversely, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The cross slide includes, in particular, several cross slide guide rollers for displacement. The cross slide guide rollers are preferably arranged spaced apart from one another in a vertical direction. As a result, at least one first cross-slide guide roller rests against an upper side of the machine frame, whereas at least one second cross-slide guide roller rests against an underside of the machine frame. Viewed in the vertical direction, the machine frame therefore runs between the cross slide guide rollers. The vertical direction runs transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.

The at least one grinding unit includes in particular a respective grinding tool drive for driving a respective grinding tool. The respective grinding tool can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation by means of the grinding tool drive. The grinding tool is, for example, a cup wheel and/or a grinding wheel. The respective grinding tool drive includes in particular an internal combustion engine and/or an electric motor.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 2 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. Because the at least one grinding unit is replaceable and is mounted on two sides of the cross slide, a first grinding unit for profiling a rail and/or a second grinding unit for deburring a rail can be used in a simple manner. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is mounted on opposite sides of the cross slide, in particular in a longitudinal direction. The The respective grinding unit is therefore located between the storage points. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged between two bearing points spaced apart in a longitudinal direction. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged in particular on a guide frame which is mounted on the cross slide by means of two pivot bearings. The pivot bearings are spaced apart in particular in the longitudinal direction. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is located in the longitudinal direction, in particular between the two pivot bearings. By mounting the respective grinding unit on two sides, the respective grinding unit is guided stably during the respective grinding process, so that precise and reliable profiling and deburring is possible. Due to the two-sided bearing, the forces that occur during grinding are transmitted or distributed essentially evenly to the cross slide and the machine frame, so that heavy loads and corresponding wear on the rail grinding machine are avoided. Forces and vibrations that occur during grinding and are transmitted to the cross slide and the machine frame are easily and reliably absorbed by the rail grinding machine thanks to the two-sided mounting of the respective grinding unit, so that the rail grinding machine is very comfortable to use.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 3 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. The at least one first quick-change element is arranged in particular on a respective support element of a grinding unit carrier. At least one associated second quick-change element is arranged on each grinding unit. The respective one Grinding unit is arranged in particular between two second quick-change elements, so that the respective grinding unit is attached or mounted on the grinding unit carrier on two sides in an interchangeable manner. Preferably, the first quick-change elements and the associated second quick-change elements form a respective linear guide. The respective linear guide runs in particular transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to a plane that is defined by a guide frame. The first quick-change elements preferably form, together with the associated second quick-change elements, a respective linear guide with a dovetail-shaped cross section.

The quick-change device preferably comprises two first quick-change elements and two associated second quick-change elements for each grinding unit. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged in a longitudinal direction between the two second quick-change elements. The respective first quick-change element forms a respective linear guide with the associated second quick-change element. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged in the longitudinal direction between the two linear guides.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 4 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. The at least one linear guide enables, on the one hand, an exact and reliable attachment of the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit and, on the other hand, a simple and user-friendly replacement of the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit. Preferably, a first quick-change element and an associated second one form Quick-change element of the quick-change device has at least one linear guide. The quick-change device in particular comprises a plurality of first quick-change elements and associated second quick-change elements, each of which forms a linear guide with one another. The at least one linear guide or the respective linear guide runs in particular transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to a plane that is defined by a guide frame. The at least one linear guide is formed in particular by a quick-change element designed as a groove and a quick-change element designed as a projection. The at least one linear guide is, for example, dovetail-shaped in cross section. The quick-change device preferably forms two linear guides. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged in a longitudinal direction, in particular between the two linear guides. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is preferably mounted on two sides by means of the two linear guides.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 5 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. The guide frame is arranged in particular on a closed cross slide frame, so that the guide frame additionally stiffens the cross slide frame. The guide frame enables the at least one grinding unit to be arranged in such a way that the at least one grinding unit can be pivoted about a pivot axis and/or can be linearly adjusted in a vertical direction. Preferably, the guide frame is pivotably mounted on the cross slide frame. The pivot axis runs in particular parallel to the longitudinal direction. Preferably, the guide frame is at least 60°, in particular at least 90°, and in particular at least Can be swiveled 120° around the pivot axis. The guide frame is preferably mounted on the cross slide, in particular on the closed cross slide frame, by means of two pivot bearings. The guide frame comprises in particular two guide elements which are pivotally mounted on the cross slide, in particular on the closed cross slide frame, spaced apart in the longitudinal direction. The guide elements are connected to one another in particular by means of a connecting element. The guide frame preferably has a U-shape. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged in particular on two sides of the guide frame. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is preferably mounted on legs of the U-shaped guide frame. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged in particular in an interior space which is delimited by the U-shaped guide frame.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 6 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. The management framework defines a level. The level is spanned in particular by the U-shape of the guide frame. The guide frame and the plane defined by the guide frame can be pivoted in particular about a pivot axis. The at least one linear guide, preferably the respective linear guide, runs transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the plane. The quick-change device preferably comprises two linear guides which are arranged on legs of the U-shaped guide frame. As a result, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit can be easily removed from the guide frame and replaced. A rail grinding machine according to claim 7 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. Because the cross slide includes a closed cross slide frame, the cross slide is extremely stable, so that the grinding unit arranged on it can be positioned easily, reliably and precisely. The cross slide frame in particular forms a closed annular body. The cross slide frame in particular comprises cross members extending in the transverse direction, which are connected to longitudinal members extending in the longitudinal direction. The cross slide delimits an interior space. The at least one grinding unit is in particular - viewed in a projection in a vertical direction - at least partially arranged within the interior. The cross slide frame preferably has a rectangular shape.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 8 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. Viewed in a projection in a vertical direction, the at least one grinding unit is at least partially arranged within the interior. As a result, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is stably mounted on the closed cross slide frame. Preferably, the at least one grinding unit is mounted on the closed cross slide frame via a guide frame. Due to the arrangement in the interior, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is mounted on the cross slide in a balanced manner.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 9 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. The grinding unit carrier is in particular mounted on the guide frame on two sides. The grinding unit carrier preferably has two support elements which are mounted and guided on two sides on the guide frame, in particular on guide elements. The grinding unit carrier in particular includes a connecting element that connects the support elements to one another. The grinding unit carrier is particularly U-shaped. Preferably, the support elements and the connecting element are arranged in a U-shape relative to one another. The connecting element faces in particular a connecting element of the guide frame. In particular, a vertical positioning device for positioning the grinding unit carrier or a grinding unit arranged thereon in a vertical direction is arranged on the connecting elements. The vertical positioning device includes in particular a spindle unit with a threaded spindle and a spindle nut. The threaded spindle is rotatably mounted, for example, on the connecting element of the guide frame, whereas the spindle nut is attached to the connecting element of the grinding unit carrier. By actuating or rotating the threaded spindle, the grinding unit carrier or the grinding unit arranged on it is displaced and positioned in the vertical direction. The grinding unit carrier is mounted on the guide frame in particular so that it can be displaced in a vertical direction.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 10 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. The support elements are in particular part of the grinding unit carrier. In particular, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged on the support elements. Preferably, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is attached to the two support elements in an interchangeable manner. Preferably the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is attached to the grinding unit carrier or the support elements on two sides. The at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is preferably arranged between the two tag elements. First quick-change elements of a quick-change device are attached in particular to the support elements, whereas second quick-change elements are attached to the respective grinding unit. Preferably, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged in a longitudinal direction between the two support elements and/or between the two guide elements.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 11 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. The first grinding unit is used to profile a rail and includes a grinding tool drive which rotates a grinding tool designed as a grinding cup around a first axis of rotation. In contrast, the second grinding unit for deburring a rail comprises a grinding tool drive which rotates a grinding tool designed as a grinding wheel about a second axis of rotation. The axes of rotation are arranged transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to one another with otherwise identical positions of the grinding units. In particular, the first axis of rotation runs essentially in a vertical direction or parallel to a plane spanned by a guide frame, whereas the second axis of rotation runs essentially in the transverse direction or transversely to a plane spanned by the guide frame. The first grinding unit and the second grinding unit are interchangeable. Preferably, the first grinding unit and the second grinding unit are interchangeably attached to a grinding unit carrier. For this purpose, the rail grinding machine includes in particular a quick-change device.

The respective grinding tool drive includes in particular an internal combustion engine and/or an electric motor.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 12 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. Because both the coarse positioning device and the fine positioning device interact with the cross slide, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit can be positioned easily, precisely and reliably in the transverse direction relative to the machine frame and thus relative to a rail. The coarse positioning device and the fine positioning device therefore work together with a single cross slide. Because the at least one grinding unit is arranged on the cross slide, positioning the cross slide also positions the at least one grinding unit in the transverse direction.

The coarse positioning device and the fine positioning device can be actuated independently of one another to position the cross slide. For this purpose, the coarse positioning device comprises a first actuating element and the fine positioning device includes a second actuating element. The cross slide is positioned roughly using the first actuating element, whereas the cross slide is positioned finely using the second actuating element. The fine positioning takes place in particular in a set and locked coarse position of the cross slide. The fine positioning device enables a more precise positioning of the cross slide in the transverse direction than the coarse positioning device.

The coarse positioning device includes in particular an actuation mechanism that is connected to the fine positioning device. The fine positioning device in particular includes a first component and a second component, which can be displaced relative to one another in the transverse direction for fine positioning. For rough positioning, the actuation mechanism is operated manually and the position of the cross slide is roughly adjusted via the non-actuated fine positioning device or via the first component and the second component of the fine positioning device. For fine positioning, the coarse positioning device is locked so that the second component of the fine positioning device is fixed in the transverse direction. By activating the first component, fine positioning takes place in the set and locked coarse position. The coarse positioning device thus acts on the fine positioning device.

The actuation mechanism includes in particular an actuation element that is displaceable relative to the machine frame. The actuating element is designed, for example, as a lever. In a first exemplary embodiment, the actuating element is arranged on the machine frame so that it can pivot about a pivot axis. The pivot axis runs parallel to a longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction corresponds to a rail longitudinal direction. The actuating element is connected to the fine positioning device by means of a connecting element. The connecting element is in particular part of the actuation mechanism. The connecting element can withstand tension and compression. The connecting element is, for example, a connecting rod. The connecting element is connected at a first end to the actuating element and at a second end to the fine positioning device, in particular to the second component. The connecting element is connected to the actuating element at a distance from the pivot axis, so that by pivoting the actuating element, the connecting element is loaded in compression or in tension depending on the pivoting direction.

By pivoting the actuating element, the angle between the actuating element and the connecting element is changed in particular. Preferably, the connecting element is pivotally connected to the actuating element and pivotally connected to the fine positioning device or the second component of the fine positioning device.

In a second exemplary embodiment, the actuating element is linearly displaceable relative to the machine frame. The coarse positioning device preferably comprises a linear guide for the actuating element. The linear guide is in particular part of the actuation mechanism. The linear guide is preferably arranged on the machine frame. The actuating element is connected in particular to the fine positioning device or the second component of the fine positioning device.

The coarse positioning device includes in particular a locking unit for locking and releasing a coarse position. The locking unit locks the coarse positioning device or a set coarse position of the cross slide. In the locked coarse position, the cross slide can be positioned exactly or finely using the fine positioning device. By means of the locking unit, in particular, a positive and/or frictional locking takes place. A coarse position is locked relative to the machine frame. Preferably, the locking unit is used to lock an actuating mechanism of the coarse positioning device in a positive and/or frictional manner. The locking unit is in particular at least partially integrated into an actuating element of the rough positioning device. The locking unit includes in particular a locking element and an associated counter-locking element. The counter-locking element is attached to the machine frame, for example. The locking element is mounted on the actuating element of the coarse positioning device, in particular integrated into the actuating element. The locking element is actuated in particular by means of a locking actuation element. Preferably, the locking actuation element is connected to the locking element via a locking actuation mechanism. The locking actuation mechanism is in particular designed such that the locking element cooperates with the counter-locking element to lock a coarse position in an unactuated state of the locking actuating element and does not interact with the counter-locking element in an actuated state of the locking actuating element and the Lock releases. The locking unit is designed in particular as a dead man's locking unit.

The fine positioning device preferably comprises a spindle unit with a threaded spindle and a spindle nut. The spindle unit is used to convert rotary motion into linear motion. The threaded spindle forms a first component of the fine positioning device. The threaded spindle is rotatably mounted on the cross slide. The threaded spindle cannot be displaced in the transverse direction relative to the cross slide. The threaded spindle is connected to the cross slide in a stationary manner in the transverse direction. The threaded spindle can be actuated in particular by means of an actuating element of the fine positioning device, in particular rotatable about a spindle axis. For this purpose, the actuating element is connected to the threaded spindle in a torque-transmitting manner. The spindle nut forms a second component of the fine positioning device. The spindle nut is rotatably mounted on the threaded spindle relative to the threaded spindle, so that a rotational movement of the threaded spindle and the spindle nut relative to one another results in a linear movement of the threaded spindle and the spindle nut relative to each other along the spindle axis or in the transverse direction. The setting accuracy of the fine positioning device can be specified or adjusted via a thread pitch of the spindle unit.

The spindle nut is connected in particular to an actuation mechanism of the coarse positioning device. By connecting the spindle nut to the actuating mechanism, simple, reliable and flexible rough positioning is possible. For this purpose, the actuating mechanism is actuated, which acts on the spindle nut and shifts the spindle nut in the transverse direction in the desired manner. When the fine positioning device is not actuated, the spindle nut is arranged in a stationary manner relative to the cross slide in the transverse direction, so that the cross slide is roughly positioned in the desired manner in the transverse direction. For this purpose, the spindle unit is designed to be particularly self-locking. On the other hand, the connection of the spindle nut with the actuation mechanism enables simple, reliable and precise fine positioning. For this purpose, the coarse positioning device, in particular the actuation mechanism, is preferably locked in a coarse position by means of a locking unit. When the threaded spindle is actuated or rotated, the actuation mechanism prevents the spindle nut from rotating, so that the threaded spindle is linearly displaced relative to the spindle nut due to the rotation. Since the threaded spindle is connected in a stationary manner to the cross slide in the transverse direction, the cross slide and thus the at least one grinding unit arranged on it are positioned precisely or finely. The threaded spindle is in particular manually adjustable, preferably by means of an actuating element. The actuating element is designed, for example, as a handwheel.

Preferably, the threaded spindle is rotatably mounted on the cross slide by means of bearings. The fine positioning device includes bearings that are used to rotatably mount the threaded spindle on the cross slide. The bearings are connected to the cross slide at a distance in the transverse direction. The threaded spindle is rotatably mounted at the end in the bearings. Due to the storage, the threaded spindle is, on the one hand, rotatable relative to the cross slide and, on the other hand, stationary in the transverse direction relative to the cross slide. A linear displacement of the threaded spindle relative to the cross slide in the transverse direction is therefore not possible, especially not when the threaded spindle is rotated. The rotatable bearing enables the fine positioning device to be operated. When the fine positioning device is actuated, the threaded spindle and the spindle nut are linearly displaced relative to one another in the transverse direction.

The fine positioning device includes in particular an actuating element. The actuating element is used in particular for manually actuating a spindle unit, preferably for manually turning a threaded spindle. The actuating element is designed, for example, as a handwheel. An axis of rotation of the actuating element, in particular of the handwheel, and a spindle axis of the threaded spindle are preferably arranged at a distance from one another. For this purpose, the fine positioning device in particular has a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism is used to transmit a rotary movement of the actuating element to the threaded spindle. The transmission mechanism includes, for example, a transmission belt or a transmission chain. The distanced arrangement of the axis of rotation from the spindle axis increases ease of use in particular, since the actuating element can be arranged at a comfortable operating height at a distance from the threaded spindle.

A rail grinding machine according to claim 13 ensures simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track. An internal combustion engine enables simple and self-sufficient operation of the rail grinding machine. Preferably, the at least one grinding unit or the respective grinding unit is arranged on a cross slide with a closed cross slide frame and / or mounted on two sides, so that vibrations and forces are transmitted evenly to the cross slide and the machine frame during grinding. This ensures precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring.

The invention is also based on the object of creating a method for grinding rails of a track, which enables simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly profiling and deburring of a rail of a track.

This task is solved by a method with the features of claim 14. The advantages of the method according to the invention correspond to the advantages of the rail grinding machine according to the invention already described. The method according to the invention can be developed in particular with a feature that is described in connection with the rail grinding machine according to the invention. Using the rail grinding machine according to the invention, a rail, in particular a rail in the area of a switch, can be profiled and/or deburred. The rail grinding machine is used to profile a rail in particular a first grinding unit with a grinding tool drive and a grinding tool designed as a grinding cup. The first grinding unit or the grinding cup arranged on the cross slide is precisely positioned in the transverse direction, in particular by means of the coarse positioning device and the fine positioning device, so that precise profiling of the rail is possible.

For this purpose, the first grinding unit is first roughly positioned using the coarse positioning device and preferably locked in the set coarse position. The first grinding unit is then positioned exactly relative to the rail to be profiled using the fine positioning device.

For deburring a rail, the rail grinding machine includes a second grinding unit with a grinding tool drive and a grinding tool designed as a grinding wheel. For deburring, the second grinding unit is positioned in particular only with the coarse positioning device relative to the rail to be deburred. The fine positioning device is locked in the set fine position by self-locking. In particular, branching rails in the area of a switch can be deburred easily, reliably and flexibly using the coarse positioning device.

Because the respective grinding unit is replaceable, the respective grinding unit can be easily transported to the rail to be ground separately from the rest of the rail grinding machine. Depending on the desired grinding operation, the rail grinding machine can be operated with the first grinding unit and/or with the second grinding unit. For this purpose, the first grinding unit can be easily exchanged for the second grinding unit and vice versa. Because the respective grinding unit is mounted on two sides of the cross slide, profiling and/or deburring of a rail is possible in a simple, precise, reliable and user-friendly manner.

Fig. 1

eine erste Seitenansicht einer Schienen-Schleifmaschine gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Grob-Positioniereinrichtung und einer Fein-Positioniereinrichtung zum Positionieren einer auswechselbaren ersten Schleifeinheit,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf die Schienen-Schleifmaschine in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine ausschnittsweise und teilweise geschnittene Ansicht der Grob-Positioniereinrichtung zum Veranschaulichen einer Arretiereinheit,

Fig. 4

eine zweite Seitenansicht der Schienen-Schleifmaschine in Fig. 1,

Fig. 5

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht V einer Schnellwechseleinrichtung zum auswechselbaren Befestigen der ersten Schleifeinheit in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht der Schienen-Schleifmaschine mit einer auswechselbaren zweiten Schleifeinheit anstelle der ersten Schleifeinheit, und

Fig. 7

eine ausschnittsweise Seitenansicht einer Schienen-Schleifmaschine gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel zur Veranschaulichung der Grob-Positioniereinrichtung und der Fein-Positioniereinrichtung.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of several exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a first side view of a rail grinding machine according to a first exemplary embodiment with a coarse positioning device and a fine positioning device for positioning a replaceable first grinding unit,

Fig. 2

a top view of the rail grinding machine in Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 3

a partial and partially sectioned view of the rough positioning device to illustrate a locking unit,

Fig. 4

a second side view of the rail grinding machine in Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 5

an enlarged detailed view V of a quick-change device for interchangeably fastening the first grinding unit in Fig. 4 ,

Fig. 6

a side view of the rail grinding machine with a replaceable second grinding unit instead of the first grinding unit, and

Fig. 7

a partial side view of a rail grinding machine according to a second exemplary embodiment to illustrate the coarse positioning device and the fine positioning device.

Below is based on the Fig. 1 to 6 a first embodiment of the invention is described. A rail grinding machine 1 is used to grind rails 2 of a track. The rail grinding machine 1 includes a machine frame 3, which is guided on the rails 2 via guide rollers 4. The machine frame 3 comprises two frame components 5, 6, which are telescopically connected to one another. By moving the frame components 5, 6 relative to one another, the guide rollers 4 can be adjusted to a distance between the rails 2.

The machine frame 3 includes longitudinal beams 7, 8, 9 and cross beams 10, 11. The longitudinal beams 7, 8, 9 extend in an x-direction and are spaced apart from one another in a y-direction running perpendicular to the x-direction. The x-direction is referred to below as the longitudinal direction, whereas the y-direction is also referred to below as the transverse direction. The longitudinal direction corresponds to a rail longitudinal direction. The cross members 10, 11 run in the y-direction and are spaced apart from one another in the x-direction. The cross members 10, 11 are attached at the ends to the longitudinal members 7, 8, so that the machine frame 3 has a rectangular shape. The cross members 10, 11 are telescopic to adapt to a distance between the rails 2. To stiffen the machine frame 3, the longitudinal beam 9 is connected to the cross beams 10, 11 in such a way that the frame component 5 has a substantially rectangular shape. Due to the telescopic cross members 10, 11, the guide rollers 4 arranged on the frame component 5 and the guide rollers 4 arranged on the frame component 6 are variably spaced from one another in the y-direction.

The rail grinding machine 1 can be moved manually on the rails 2. The guide rollers 4 define a direction of displacement of the rail grinding machine 1, which corresponds to the longitudinal direction. For manually lifting and/or carrying the rail grinding machine 1, 3 handles 12 are attached to the machine frame. The guide rollers 4 are mounted on the machine frame 3 so that they can rotate about axes of rotation. The axes of rotation run parallel to the y-direction.

A cross slide 13 is mounted on the machine frame 3. The cross slide 13 has a closed cross slide frame 14, which is formed by cross slide longitudinal supports 15, 16 and by cross slide cross supports 17, 18. The cross slide longitudinal beams 15, 16 extend in the x direction and are spaced apart from one another in the y direction. The cross slide longitudinal supports 15, 16 are connected to one another at the ends by means of the cross slide cross supports 17, 18, so that the cross slide frame 14 has a rectangular shape in plan view. The cross slide cross members 17, 18 extend in the y-direction and are spaced apart from one another in the x-direction. The cross slide frame 14 delimits an interior space 19 in a top view.

The cross slide 13 includes cross slide guide rollers 20, 21, which are rotatably mounted on the cross slide cross beams 17, 18. The cross slide guide rollers 20 are mounted in a vertical z-direction at a distance from the cross slide guide rollers 21, so that the cross slide guide rollers 20 rest on an upper side of the machine frame 3, whereas the cross slide guide rollers 21 rest on an underside of the machine frame 3. The cross slide guide rollers 20, 21 serve to displace the cross slide 13 in the y-direction or the transverse direction. For this purpose, the cross slide guide rollers 20, 21 are mounted on the cross slide frame 14 so that they can rotate about axes of rotation. The axes of rotation run parallel to the x-direction. The z direction is below also called vertical direction. The x, y and z directions run in pairs perpendicular to each other and thus form a Cartesian coordinate system.

For positioning the cross slide 13, the rail grinding machine 1 comprises a coarse positioning device 22 and a fine positioning device 23. The coarse positioning device 22 is used for coarse positioning of the cross slide 13 in the y-direction or the transverse direction, whereas the fine Positioning device 23 is used for fine positioning of the cross slide 13 in the transverse direction. Fine positioning enables more precise positioning than coarse positioning.

The coarse positioning device 22 includes an actuation mechanism 24. The actuation mechanism 24 has an actuation element 25 and a connecting element 26. The actuating element 25 is designed as an actuating lever. The actuating element 25 is attached to the machine frame 3 and can be pivoted about a pivot axis 27 relative to the machine frame 3. The pivot axis 27 runs parallel to the x direction. The connecting element 26 is designed as a connecting rod. The connecting element 26 is attached to the actuating element 25 so that it can pivot about a pivot axis 28. The pivot axis 28 runs parallel to the x-direction and is spaced from the pivot axis 27. By pivoting the actuating element 25 about the pivot axis 27, an angle α between the actuating element 25 and the connecting element 26 can be changed. The actuating mechanism 24 or the connecting element 26 is connected to the fine positioning device 23 in a manner described in more detail below.

The coarse positioning device 22 further comprises a locking unit 29. The locking unit 29 is used to lock and release or to reversibly lock a coarse position. The locking unit 29 comprises a locking element 30 and a counter-locking element 31. The counter-locking element 31 is designed as a curved toothed strip or as a toothed arch. The counter-locking element 31 is attached to the machine frame 3. The counter-locking element 31 comprises a plurality of teeth 32 which are arranged along a pitch arc around the pivot axis 27. The locking element 30 interacts positively and frictionally with the counter-locking element 31. For this purpose, the locking element 30 is designed in the shape of a pin. The locking element 30 is designed with a tooth-shaped tip, which can be positioned between two teeth 32 of the counter-locking element 31. The locking element 30 is integrated into the control element 25. The operating element 25 is tubular and the locking element 30 is arranged in an interior of the actuating element 25.

The locking unit 29 is designed as a dead man's locking unit. In an unactuated state, the locking unit 29 is locked, whereas in an actuated state, the locking unit 29 is released. The locking unit 29 has a locking actuation element 33 for actuating the locking element 30. The locking actuating element 33 is designed as a pivoting lever. The locking actuation element 33 is connected to the locking element 30 via a locking actuation mechanism. The locking actuation mechanism includes a tension element 34, stops 35, 36 and a spring element 37. A first stop 35 is connected to the actuation element 25. The first stop 35 is arranged between the locking element 30 and the locking actuating element 33 and points a through opening through which the tension element 34 is guided. The locking element 30 forms a second stop 36 on a side facing away from the counter-locking element 31. To form the dead man function, a spring element 37 is arranged between the first stop 35 and the second stop 36.

The fine positioning device 23 comprises a spindle unit 38 with a threaded spindle 39 and a spindle nut 40. The threaded spindle 39 forms a first component and the spindle nut 40 forms a second component, which can be linearly displaced relative to one another by relative rotation in the direction of a spindle axis 41 . The threaded spindle 39 is attached to the cross slide frame 14 by means of bearings 42, 43. The spindle axis 41 runs parallel to the y-direction. The threaded spindle 39 is therefore rotatable relative to the cross slide 13 about the spindle axis 41, but is stationary in the direction of the spindle axis 41 relative to the cross slide 13. The spindle nut 40 is arranged between the bearings 42, 43 on the threaded spindle 39. The spindle nut 40 is connected to the connecting element 26 of the actuating mechanism 24. An end of the connecting element 26 facing away from the actuating element 25 is connected to the spindle nut 40 so that it can pivot about a pivot axis 44. The pivot axis 44 runs parallel to the x direction and compensates for changes in the angle α.

The fine positioning device 23 comprises an actuating element 45 and a transmission mechanism 46. The actuating element 45 is designed as a handwheel. The actuating element 45 is arranged on a handle 48 so that it can rotate about an axis of rotation 47. The handle 48 is U-shaped and attached to the cross members 10, 11. The axis of rotation 47 runs parallel to the y-direction. The transmission mechanism 46 transmits a Rotary movement of the actuating element 45 about the axis of rotation 47 on the threaded spindle 39, so that the threaded spindle 39 is rotated about the spindle axis 41. The transmission mechanism 46 includes transmission wheels 49, 50 and a transmission belt 51. The transmission wheel 49 is connected to the actuating element 45 in a torque-transmitting manner, whereas the transmission wheel 50 is connected to the threaded spindle 39 in a torque-transmitting manner. The transmission belt 51 transmits a rotational movement of the transmission wheel 49 to the transmission wheel 50.

To protect the threaded spindle 39, the fine positioning device 23 includes bellows 52, 53, which are arranged between the bearing 42 and the spindle nut 40 and between the bearing 43 and the spindle nut 40 above the threaded spindle 39.

The rail grinding machine 1 further comprises a guide frame 54, which is attached to the cross slide frame 14 so that it can pivot about a pivot axis 55. The pivot axis 55 runs parallel to the x direction. The guide frame 54 is U-shaped. The guide frame 54 comprises guide elements 56, which are fastened at a respective first end by means of pivot bearings 57 to a respective associated cross slide cross member 17, 18. The guide elements 56 are connected to one another at a respective second end with a connecting element 58. The guide frame 54 is arranged in the interior 19 of the cross slide 13 when viewed in a top view.

To pivot the guide frame 54, the rail grinding machine 1 includes a pivoting device 59. The pivoting device 59 is attached to the cross slide 13 and the guide frame 54. By means of the pivoting device 59, the guide frame 54 is relative to the Cross slide 13 can be pivoted about the pivot axis 55. The pivoting device 59 includes an actuating element 60. The actuating element 60 is designed as a handwheel. For pivoting, the pivoting device 59 includes a gear (not shown) and an associated rack. The gear is rotatably mounted on the cross slide 13 and connected to the actuating element 60. The rack is mounted on the guide frame 54 and cooperates with the gear for pivoting.

For the interchangeable arrangement of a first grinding unit 61 or a second grinding unit 62, the rail grinding machine 1 comprises a grinding unit carrier 63. The grinding unit carrier 63 is mounted on the guide frame 54. The grinding unit carrier 63 comprises tubular support elements 64, which are linearly guided on the guide elements 56. The support elements 64 are connected to one another at an end facing away from the machine frame 3 with a connecting element 65, so that the grinding unit carrier 63 is U-shaped.

The grinding unit carrier 63 can be linearly displaced on the guide frame 54 by means of a vertical positioning device 66. The vertical positioning device 66 includes a threaded spindle 67 which is rotatably mounted on the connecting element 58 of the guide frame 54. The threaded spindle 67 is connected to an actuating element 68. The actuating element 68 is designed as a handwheel. The vertical positioning device 66 further comprises a spindle nut 69, which is firmly connected to the connecting element 65 of the grinding unit carrier 63. By rotating the actuating element 68, the grinding unit carrier 63 can be linearly displaced upwards or downwards, i.e. in the z direction, depending on the direction of rotation.

The rail grinding machine 1 has a quick-change device 70 for interchangeably fastening the first grinding unit 61 or the second grinding unit 62. By means of the quick-change device 70 - as in the Fig. 1 to 5 is shown - the first grinding unit 61 is attached to the grinding unit carrier 63 and thus to the cross slide 13. The first grinding unit 61 is attached to the support elements 64 by means of the quick-change device 70. The first grinding unit 61 is thus displaceable in the x direction by means of the guide rollers 4, displaceable in the y direction by means of the cross slide 13, pivotable about the pivot axis 55 by means of the guide frame 54 and/or in the z direction by means of the grinding unit carrier 63. Direction can be moved.

The first grinding unit 61 is used to profile a rail 2. The first grinding unit 61 comprises a grinding tool drive 71, which rotates a first grinding tool 72 about a first axis of rotation 73. The grinding tool 72 is designed as a grinding cup. The axis of rotation 73 runs parallel to a plane E spanned by the guide frame 54. The axis of rotation 73 runs obliquely to the z-direction. This creates a grinding clearance angle.

In contrast, the second grinding unit 62 is used to deburr a rail 2. The second grinding unit 62 is - as in Fig. 6 shown - attached to the grinding unit carrier 63 and thus to the cross slide 13. The second grinding unit 62 includes a grinding tool drive 74, which rotates a second grinding tool 75 about a second axis of rotation 76. The second grinding tool 75 is designed as a grinding wheel. The axis of rotation 76 runs transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a plane E spanned by the guide frame 54.

The respective grinding tool drive 71, 74 includes an internal combustion engine. The respective grinding unit 61, 62 is mounted on both sides of the grinding unit carrier 63. As a result, the respective grinding unit 61, 62 is attached precisely and reliably. The U-shaped grinding unit carrier 63 is stiffened by the two-sided mounting of the respective grinding unit 61, 62.

The quick-change device 70 includes first quick-change elements 77 and associated second quick-change elements 78. The first quick-change elements 77 are attached to mutually facing sides of the support elements 64. Associated second quick-change elements 78 are attached to the respective grinding unit 61, 62. The distance and position of the first quick-change elements 77 correspond to the distance and position of the second quick-change elements 78. A respective first quick-change element 77 forms a linear guide L with the associated second quick-change element 78. For this purpose, the respective first quick-change element 77 comprises, for example, a groove, whereas the associated second quick-change element 78 comprises a corresponding projection. The respective linear guide L is, for example, dovetail-shaped in cross section. The linear guides L formed by the quick-change elements 77, 78 run transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a plane E spanned by the guide frame 54. The second quick-change elements 78 can be displaced by means of associated actuating elements 79. The actuating elements 79 are designed, for example, as pivoting levers. By actuating the actuating elements 79, the first quick-change elements 77 are clamped against the associated second quick-change elements 78. The respective grinding unit 61, 62 is therefore by means of the quick-change device 70 positively and frictionally attached to the grinding unit carrier 63.

The functionality of the rail grinding machine 1 is described below:

The ones in the Fig. 1 to 5 Rail grinding machine 1 shown is used, for example, for profiling a rail 2. The first grinding unit 61 is roughly positioned in the transverse direction or in the y-direction by means of the coarse positioning device 22 and in the transverse direction or y-direction by means of the fine positioning device 23. Direction finely positioned. For rough positioning, an operator releases the locking unit 29 using the locking actuating element 33 and pivots the actuating element 25 about the pivot axis 27 in a desired pivoting direction. By pivoting, the angle α is changed and the connecting element 26 is pivoted about the pivot axis 28. Because the connecting element 26 is connected to the spindle nut 40 of the fine positioning device 23, the cross slide 13 is moved linearly on the machine frame 3 in the y-direction or parallel to the y-direction. The spindle unit 38 is designed to be self-locking, so that the movement of the spindle nut 40 caused by the connecting element 26 does not result in a rotary movement of the threaded spindle 39, but in a linear movement of the cross slide 13.

For fine positioning of the cross slide 13, the coarse positioning device 22 is first locked in a desired coarse position. For this purpose, the locking actuating element 33 is no longer actuated by the operator. The locking element 30 is displaced to the counter-locking element 31 due to the biasing force of the spring element 37, so that the locking element 30 engages between two teeth 32 of the counter-locking element 31 and locks the coarse positioning device 22.

In the set coarse position, the cross slide 13 is positioned exactly by means of the fine positioning device 23. For this purpose, the operator rotates the actuating element 45 in a desired direction of rotation about the axis of rotation 47. The rotational movement is transmitted via the transmission mechanism 46 to the threaded spindle 39, which rotates about the spindle axis 41. Because the spindle nut 40 is stationary in the transverse direction or y-direction due to the locked coarse positioning device 22, the cross slide 13 is linearly displaced in the transverse direction or y-direction by a linear relative movement of the threaded spindle 39 to the spindle nut 40 in the transverse direction or y-direction positioned exactly. The coarse positioning device 22 and the fine positioning device 23 thus act on one and the same cross slide 13 via the spindle unit 38.

To further position the first grinding unit 61, the guide frame 54 can be pivoted about the pivot axis 55 by means of the pivoting device 59. The first grinding unit 61 can be linearly displaced in the z direction by means of the vertical positioning device 66 and can thus be advanced towards the rail 2 or adjusted in height. Furthermore, the rail grinding machine 1 can be manually displaced in the x direction by means of the guide rollers 4. The rail 2 is profiled using the first grinding tool 72 in the usual way.

To replace the first grinding unit 61, the cross slide 13 is displaced between the rails 2 using the coarse positioning device 22. The actuating elements 79 of the quick-change device are then activated 70 released, so that the clamping of the first grinding unit 61 to the grinding unit carrier 63 is released. The first grinding unit 61 can now be removed manually from the grinding unit carrier 63. For this purpose, the first grinding unit 61 is linearly displaced transversely to the plane E spanned by the guide frame 54, so that the second quick-change elements 78 are removed from the associated first quick-change elements 77.

To attach the second grinding unit 62 to the grinding unit carrier 63, the second grinding unit 62 with the second quick-change elements 78 is inserted into the first quick-change elements 77. The actuating elements 79 are then actuated so that the second grinding unit 62 is clamped in the grinding unit carrier 63. The second grinding unit 62 is now positively and frictionally connected to the grinding unit carrier 63 by means of the quick-change device 70. The rail grinding machine 1 with the second grinding unit 62 is in Fig. 6 illustrated.

A rail 2 can, for example, be deburred using the second grinding tool 75, which is designed as a grinding wheel. Deburring is required, for example, for branching rails 2 of a switch. The second grinding unit 62 can be positioned in a simple manner in the transverse direction or y-direction by means of the coarse positioning device 22 for deburring a branching rail 2. For this purpose, the rail grinding machine 1 is located on the straight rails 2. The locking unit 29 is released by means of the locking actuating element 33. The tension element 34 is actuated via the locking actuating element 33, which displaces the locking element 30 from the counter-locking element 31 against the force of the spring element 37. The cross slide 13 and thus the second grinding unit 62 can be positioned easily and quickly in the transverse direction or y-direction by pivoting the actuating element 25 about the pivot axis 27. The further positioning of the second grinding unit 62 takes place in the manner already described. Replacing the second grinding unit 62 and attaching the first grinding unit 61 takes place as already described above.

Below is based on Fig. 7 a second embodiment of the invention is described. For a better illustration of the coarse positioning device 22 and the fine positioning device 23 are in Fig. 7 the guide frame 54, the pivoting device 59, the first grinding unit 61 or the second grinding unit 62, the grinding unit carrier 63 and the vertical positioning device 66 are not shown. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the actuating element 25 of the coarse positioning device 22 can be displaced linearly in the transverse direction or y-direction relative to the machine frame 3 by means of a linear guide 80. The actuating element 25 is connected to the spindle nut 40. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the actuating mechanism 24 therefore does not include a connecting element. The actuating mechanism 24, in contrast, includes the actuating element 25 and the linear guide 80. The locking element 30 of the locking unit 29 interacts directly with the machine frame 3. The locking element 30 is designed, for example, as a brake block. The locking element 30 locks the coarse positioning device 22 in a frictional manner relative to the machine frame 3. The actuating element 25 of the fine positioning device 23 is attached directly to the threaded spindle 39. With regard to the further structure and further functionality, reference is made to the description of the previous exemplary embodiment.

The features of the exemplary embodiments can be combined with one another in any way.

Claims (14)

1. A rail grinding machine for grinding rails of a track, having

   - a machine frame (3),

   - a plurality of guiding rollers (4) which are rotatably mounted on the machine frame (3) for manually shifting the rail grinding machine (1) on rails (2),

   - a cross slide (13) which is displaceably mounted on the machine frame (3) in a transverse direction (y), and

   - at least one grinding unit (61, 62) which is arranged on the cross slide (13),

   characterized
   by a quick-change device (70) for interchangeably fastening the at least one grinding unit (61, 62), wherein the quick-change device (70) comprises at least one actuating element (79) for reversibly clamping a first quick-change element (77) and an associated second quick-change element (78).
2. A rail grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one grinding unit (61, 62) is mounted on two sides.
3. A rail grinding machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the quick-change device (70) comprises at least one first quick-change element (77) and at least one respectively associated second quick-change element (78), which are reversibly connectable to one another in a form-fit and/or friction-locking manner.
4. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in
   that the quick-change device (70) configures at least one linear guide (L).
5. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized
   by a guide frame (54), which is arranged at the cross slide (13) and is swivel-mounted on the cross slide (13) about a swivel axis (55) running parallel to a longitudinal direction (x).
6. A rail grinding machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the at least one linear guide (L) runs transversely to a plane (E) defined by a guide frame (54).
7. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in
   that the cross slide (13) comprises a closed cross slide frame (14).
8. A rail grinding machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the closed cross slide frame (14) bounds an inner space (19) in which the at least one grinding unit (61, 62) is at least partially arranged.
9. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized
   by a grinding unit carrier (63) for interchangeably arranging the at least one grinding unit (61, 62), which grinding unit carrier (63) is mounted on a guide frame (54).
10. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in
    that the guide frame (54) comprises two guide elements (56) on which two carrying elements (64) for arranging the at least one grinding unit (61, 62) are mounted.
11. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized
    by a first grinding unit (61) for profiling a rail (2) and a second grinding unit (62) for deburring a rail (2).
12. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized
    by a coarse positioning device (22) for coarse positioning and a fine positioning device (23) for fine positioning of the cross slide (13) in the transverse direction (y).
13. A rail grinding machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in
    that the at least one grinding unit (61, 62) comprises a grinding tool drive (71, 74) having a combustion engine.
14. A method for grinding rails of a track having the following steps:

    - providing a rail grinding machine (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, having a first grinding unit (61),

    - grinding a rail (2) of a track by means of the first grinding unit (61),

    - exchanging the first grinding unit (61) for a second grinding unit (62), and

    - grinding a rail (2) by means of the second grinding unit (62).

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