EP4088353A1 - Réseau électrique - Google Patents

Réseau électrique

Info

Publication number
EP4088353A1
EP4088353A1 EP20780934.4A EP20780934A EP4088353A1 EP 4088353 A1 EP4088353 A1 EP 4088353A1 EP 20780934 A EP20780934 A EP 20780934A EP 4088353 A1 EP4088353 A1 EP 4088353A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groups
electrical network
dynamic isolator
voltage difference
dynamic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20780934.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Shivansh BATRA
Thomas Beckert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP4088353A1 publication Critical patent/EP4088353A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/36—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points of different systems, e.g. of parallel feeder systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/084—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/002—Intermediate AC, e.g. DC supply with intermediated AC distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical network.
  • Direct current networks also known as DC (direct current) networks, consist of feeders and consumers. Such DC networks are becoming increasingly popular because conversion losses are minimized. Energy effi ciency is increased because a DC/AC conversion is only required once for all motors instead of making a conversion for each motor. In addition, the losses in DC networks are very low because the frequency is zero (0Hz) and there are no impedance losses, only ohmic losses. Another advantage of DC networks is that there is no skin effect due to zero frequency (0Hz), so cables with smaller cross-sections, for example, can be used at lower costs.
  • any type of feed can be used on a typical DC network.
  • renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics or wind turbines can be used as feeds, or batteries or flywheels or alternating current networks, including AC (alternating current) networks, with alternating current/direct current converters can be used as backup resources.
  • Each feed uses a converter, either AC-DC or DC-DC at different DC voltages.
  • DC link capacitors are typically used directly after the converters on the DC side.
  • each converter is connected to a DC link capacitor. bound, such a system is referred to as a direct current intermediate circuit (DC link).
  • the AC-DC converter in a DC network can be either unidirectional (rectifier) or bidirectional (e.g. in Active Front Technology).
  • uncontrolled rectifiers in unidirectional mode consist of diodes or Active Front Ends (AFE), which consist of IGBTs and diodes.
  • a current cannot flow from the DC to the AC side when the Active Front End (AFE) is off, which is prevented by flywheel diodes.
  • the diode arrangement does not prevent current from flowing from the AC to the DC side if the DC side has a lower voltage than the AC side.
  • the active front end (AFE) corresponds to a three-phase, uncontrolled rectifier.
  • the feeders are connected to a busbar.
  • the loads are supplied with power from the infeeds via a common busbar.
  • Electric motors that require an AC power supply are generally considered as electrical consumers, which is why extra DC-AC converters are required for each motor on the consumer side.
  • Each converter is in turn connected to a DC link capacitor to keep a constant voltage.
  • EMC filters Electromagnetic Compatibility
  • Common-mode capacitors provide a low-impedance path for a common-mode current that would otherwise flow to the transformer star and induce a fault current without a fault occurring. In such a case, the fault current cannot be distinguished from a leakage current or earth fault.
  • a common mode capacitor is therefore typically used in conjunction with a power converter to improve power quality and limit leakage current by requiring the current to flow through the common mode capacitor rather than to the transformer star, which would create a fault current. If EMC filters are not used, the power conversion would generate electromagnetic distortions on other devices and thus could interfere with normal operation. For these reasons, not using an EMC filter should be avoided.
  • leakage currents Common-mode currents that flow during normal operation are known as leakage currents.
  • the main reason for these leakage currents are the parasitic capacitors that exist throughout the system. Therefore, all ungrounded systems will be grounded via parasitic capacitors.
  • a voltage between a DC cable and earth can change constantly, also due to the charging and discharging of the line filter coils at the switching frequency.
  • There are many techniques to reduce leakage currents either by using common mode inductors as in an EMC filter or by uses a shield on the motor cables, creating low-impedance paths for leakage currents .
  • a large number of power converters are connected to the power rail. Either on the supply side or on the consumer side. For example, if two Active Front Ends (AFE ) are connected to the power rail on the supply side, only one will be grounded and the other will be operated ungrounded, since if both were grounded separately, both would continuously change the system voltage with respect to ground, in step with it switching frequency . The switching frequency would create a ground fault between the two grounding points and thus trigger a residual current device (RCD) without a fault occurring.
  • AFE Active Front Ends
  • the problem described can be solved, for example, with a three-phase three-winding transformer, which means that there is no ground fault for the current.
  • the problem can become critical if photovoltaic systems are added to the direct current network, since these often have a separate grounding.
  • the aluminum frame is earthed to avoid touch voltages.
  • the photovoltaic modules float, there are parasitic capacitors between the module and the aluminum frame. This creates a ground path current which can trip an earth leakage circuit breaker.
  • the electrical network according to claim 1 is equipped with feeds, consumers and a distribution network arranged between them and made up of at least one dynamic isolator and busbars, the feeders and consumers being arranged together with associated busbars in groups which are connected to one another by means of the at least one dynamic isolator can be electrically connected or disconnected, the at least one dynamic isolator monitoring the voltage on its adjacent busbars for a voltage difference, the at least one dynamic isolator electrically separating the groups from one another in the normal state without voltage difference, and wherein at a voltage difference between its adjacent busbars and the at least one dynamic isolator electrically connects the groups to one another.
  • the advantage here is that in the normal state the dynamic isolator electrically separates the groups from one another, so there is no loss of performance. This means that no common-mode currents can flow between the groups.
  • the individual groups are electrically isolated from one another. Therefore there is no ground path and therefore no current between different grounding points. This allows all power conversion learn a separate ground connection .
  • Another advantage is that there is increased system stability in the event of short-circuit faults since the complete system does not have to be shut down together. A capacitor discharge from other groups is also prevented.
  • the power flow of the consumers can be controlled with the dynamic isolator, since controlled rectifiers are integrated in this.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator electrically connects the groups to one another when the voltage difference is greater than a predetermined voltage difference threshold value.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator separates the groups again after the connection if there is a voltage difference in its adjacent busbars if there is a fault in one of the adjacent groups.
  • it is repeatedly determined at a time interval ( ⁇ t) whether there is a fault in one of the neighboring groups.
  • a fault in one of the adjacent groups is assumed if the change in the voltage difference of the adjacent busbars exceeds a voltage change threshold value.
  • a fault in one of the neighboring groups is assumed when a current change by the at least one dynamic I solator exceeds a current change threshold value.
  • the dynamic isolator separates the groups if no voltage difference occurs across the dynamic isolator, which is associated with a power flow through the dynamic isolator and an imbalance between feeds and consumers in a group.
  • the current is monitored for overload in at least one dynamic isolator and the at least one dynamic isolator is protected in the event of an overload.
  • the electrical network is operated with direct current or alternating current.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator comprises two anti-parallel, solid-insulated transformers (solid state transformers, SST) or active front ends (AFE).
  • At least one electromechanical switch is provided for disconnecting a feed or a consumer in the event of a fault.
  • Figure 1 DC network with feeds and consumers and dynamic isolators
  • FIG. 1A and 2B Dynamic isolators for DC operation
  • FIG. 3 AC network with feeders and consumers and dynamic isolators
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical network 1000 according to the invention.
  • This electrical network 1000 includes feeders 1010; 1011; 1012; 1013, consumer 1050; 1051; 1052; 1053 and a distribution network 2000 arranged in between.
  • This distribution network 2000 comprises at least one dynamic isolator 2010; 2011 and busbars 200, 200', 200''.
  • the feeds 1010; 1011; 1012; 1013 and consumers 1050; 1051; 1052; 1053 are arranged in groups together with associated busbars 200, 200', 200'', these groups being isolated by means of the dynamic isolators 2010; 2011 can be electrically connected to each other or separated.
  • the infeed 1010 and the consumer 1050 on the busbar 200 form a first group
  • the infeeds 1011 and 1012 and the consumers 1051 and 1052 together with the busbar 200' form a second group
  • the infeed 1013 and the consumer 1053 together with the busbar 200'' a third group.
  • the bus bar 200 of the first group is connected to the bus bar 200' of the second group by means of a first dynamic isolator 2010, so that the first dynamic isolator 2010 can electrically connect or disconnect the bus bars 200, 200' to each other.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator 2011; 2012 monitors the voltage on its adjacent busbars for a voltage differential. Accordingly, the first dynamic isolator 2010 monitors the voltage difference from busbar 200 of the first group to busbar 200' of the second group, the second dynamic isolator 2011 monitors the voltage difference of busbar 200' of the second group to busbar 200'' of the third group.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator 2010 separates; 2011 the groups electrically from each other.
  • the first dynamic isolator 2010 were monitoring the bus bars 200 and 200' with no voltage differential, the first group would be electrically isolated from the second group.
  • the voltage on bus bars 200 and 200' could each be 650V, so the voltage difference would be 0V.
  • the groups are electrically connected to each other. If the voltage drops on a busbar 200, 200', 200'', the at least one dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 in the 2000 distribution network to ensure that neighboring groups are electrically connected to one another and that voltage dips can thus be compensated.
  • the voltage on bus bars 200 and 200' could be 650V and 645V, so that the voltage difference reference would be 5V and connect these two groups together. If the voltages on the busbars 200 and 200' were equalized, for example to 650V and 649V, these two groups would be separated from one another again.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 electrically connects the groups together when the voltage difference is greater than a predetermined voltage difference threshold.
  • this voltage difference threshold could be 5V.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator 2010; 2011, 2012 electrically separates the groups from each other after they have been connected if there is a fault in one of the neighboring groups. It can be provided that at the time interval ⁇ t it is repeatedly determined whether there is a fault in one of the neighboring groups.
  • a fault in one of the neighboring groups can be assumed if the change in the voltage difference of the neighboring busbars 200, 200', 200'' exceeds a voltage change threshold value.
  • a fault in one of the neighboring groups can be assumed if a current change through the at least one dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 exceeds a current change threshold.
  • the Dynamic Isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 can separate the groups provided there is no voltage difference across the dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 occurs associated with power flow through the dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 and an imbalance between feeds 1010; 1011; 1012; 1013 and consumers 1050; 1051; 1052; 1053 is connected in a group.
  • the at least one dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 the current is monitored for overload and, in the event of an overload, the at least one dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 is protected.
  • the electrical network 1000 according to the invention can be operated with direct current or alternating current.
  • the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is a typical example of an electrical network 1000 which is operated with direct current.
  • FIG. 3 shows an electrical network 1000 which is operated with alternating current.
  • the network 1000 comprises feeders 1010; 1011; 1012 and consumer 1050; 1051; 1052.
  • Dynamic Isolators 2010; 2011; 2012, the busbar 200 can be segmented into three groups with a first group consisting of feeder 1010 and consumer 1050, a second group with feeder 1011 and consumer 1051, and a third group with feeder 1012 and consumer 1052.
  • the dynamic isolators monitor 2010; 2011; 2012 the voltage on the adjacent busbars 200 to a voltage difference.
  • the dynamic isolators separate 2010; 2011; 2012 the three groups electrically apart.
  • a voltage difference occurs between adjacent busbars 200 of the three dynamic isolators 2010; 2011; 2012 connects the respective dynamic isolator 2010; 2011; 2012 the groups electrically with each other.
  • electromechanical switches 2020; 2021; 2022; 2023; 2024; 2025; 2026; 2027 provided for separating the feeds 1010; 1011; 1012; 1013 or the consumer 1050; 1051; 1052; 1053 in case of error.
  • the electromechanical switch 2020 is provided in the first group in order to separate the infeed 2010 from the busbar 200 in the event of a fault.
  • the electromechanical switch 2021 is provided to disconnect the load 1050 from the busbar 200 in the event of a fault.
  • electromechanical switches 2020; 2021; 2022 provided, which the feeds 1010;
  • 1011; 1012 or consumers 1050; 1051; 1052 can be electrically isolated from the busbar.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B Configurations for a dynamic isolator 2010 in a DC network are specified in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • two anti-parallel Solid State Transformers SST are used. These include a DC-AC converter 20, a high-frequency transformer 30 and an AC-DC converter 21 in series, as well as a DC-AC converter 23, a transformer 31 and an AC-DC converter 22 for the parallel return path.
  • SST Solid State Transformers
  • a dynamic isolator 2010 which includes a first active front end (AFE) 24, a transformer 32 and a further active front end (AFE) 25.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show exemplary embodiments of a dynamic isolator 2010 for an electrical network 1000 which is operated with alternating current.
  • Figure 4A therefore, in series are an AC-DC power converter 40 for line frequency, a high-frequency inverter 41, a transformer 50, an AC-DC power converter 42 and a DC-AC converter 43 for power line frequency.
  • an AC-DC converter 47, a high-frequency inverter 46, a transformer 51, an AC-DC converter 45 and a DC-AC converter 44 are provided accordingly.
  • the dynamic isolator 2010 comprises a series connection of a first, bidirectional AC-AC cycloconverter 48 , a transformer 52 and a second, bidirectional AC-AC cycloconverter 49 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un réseau électrique comprenant des alimentations, des charges, et un réseau de distribution qui est situé entre eux et qui est composé d'au moins un isolant dynamique et de barres omnibus, les alimentations et les charges conjointement avec des barres omnibus associées étant disposés en groupes qui peuvent être électriquement interconnectés ou déconnectés au moyen du au mois un isolateur dynamique, l'au moins un isolateur dynamique surveillant la tension sur les barres omnibus adjacentes à celui-ci pour une différence de tension, où, à l'état normal sans différence de tension, l'au moins un isolateur dynamique sépare électriquement les groupes les uns des autres, et où, en cas de différence de tension des barres omnibus adjacentes à celui-ci, l'au moins un isolateur dynamique connecte électriquement les groupes les uns aux autres.
EP20780934.4A 2020-09-09 2020-09-09 Réseau électrique Pending EP4088353A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2020/075200 WO2022053131A1 (fr) 2020-09-09 2020-09-09 Réseau électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4088353A1 true EP4088353A1 (fr) 2022-11-16

Family

ID=72659774

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20780934.4A Pending EP4088353A1 (fr) 2020-09-09 2020-09-09 Réseau électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20230099409A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4088353A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN115280628A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022053131A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009004679B3 (de) * 2009-01-12 2010-06-17 Schott Solar Ag Stromversorgungssystem und Photovoltaik-Einrichtung dafür
WO2012123015A1 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2012-09-20 Abb Technology Ag Grille à courant continu et procédé pour limiter les effets d'une défaillance dans une grille à courant continu
IN2014CN03263A (fr) * 2012-04-16 2015-07-03 Abb Technology Ltd
DK3379674T3 (da) * 2017-03-21 2020-09-07 Siemens Ag Strømfordelingssystem
US11031773B2 (en) * 2019-03-27 2021-06-08 Abb Power Grids Switzerland Ag Transformer isolation response using direct current link

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230099409A1 (en) 2023-03-30
WO2022053131A1 (fr) 2022-03-17
CN115280628A (zh) 2022-11-01

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