EP4081438A1 - Systeme et procede pour la detection d'un defaut dans un rail d'une voie ferree - Google Patents
Systeme et procede pour la detection d'un defaut dans un rail d'une voie ferreeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4081438A1 EP4081438A1 EP20821016.1A EP20821016A EP4081438A1 EP 4081438 A1 EP4081438 A1 EP 4081438A1 EP 20821016 A EP20821016 A EP 20821016A EP 4081438 A1 EP4081438 A1 EP 4081438A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- sensors
- time
- impulse response
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/044—Broken rails
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4445—Classification of defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/105—Number of transducers two or more emitters, two or more receivers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/262—Linear objects
- G01N2291/2623—Rails; Railroads
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of structural surveillance in general and non-destructive testing in particular.
- rail is a critical element whose integrity must be monitored. Subject to very strong thermomechanical stresses (e.g. internal stresses due to thwarted thermal expansion, passage of trains), the rail sections wear out over time and can sometimes be subject to serious breakage. The condition of the tracks must be monitored to reduce or even eliminate the risk of derailment.
- the document describes methods and devices for detecting a fault in a rail of a railway, comprising: at least two sensors selected from magneto-acoustic and / or piezoelectric and / or magnetostrictive transducers; each sensor being associated with a time-stamping circuit of a GNSS satellite positioning system; a measuring circuit for measuring by said sensors the acoustoelastic waves propagating in the rail, the wave or signal measurements being time-stamped.
- the embodiments of the invention make it possible to detect and then locate a break in a rail, making it possible to send an alert in order to stop the movement of trains.
- the embodiments of the invention make it possible to anticipate the onset of breakage (eg of the crack type), making it possible to anticipate an upcoming breakage and thus to plan maintenance operations (repair / replacement of the area. damaged).
- An initiation of breakage can be detected, then localized, and then finally monitored over time. In this way, traffic disruptions that penalize users can be avoided.
- distributed embodiments become possible (e.g. peer-to-peer exchanges between network nodes, mutual discovery and recognition, etc.).
- the embodiments of the invention advantageously make it possible to detect break initiators over the entire material area between the nodes, thanks to the concomitant use of the signals. in pulse-echo and in transmission.
- the embodiments of the invention are also advantageous in terms of maintenance (eg simplicity, flexibility).
- the system according to the invention is in fact “plug-and-play”, that is to say supports the addition and / or the deletion of a node to the network without consequent modifications on the rest of the network. This type of modification can moreover be done by software.
- the known systems are “chained”, ie where appropriate require delicate operations (eg on the optical fiber, in terms of radio routing, etc.).
- the deployment and maintenance costs of the system according to the invention are therefore markedly reduced compared to existing systems.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system according to the invention
- the [FIG. 2] illustrates the different types of waves propagating between two sensors.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the structure of a node for capturing signals according to the invention
- the [FIG. 4] shows a signal variation measured in transmission between two nodes spaced 400 meters apart, synchronized by GNSS.
- a system for the detection of a fault in a rail of a railway track, comprising: at least two sensors selected from magneto-acoustic transducers of the EMAT and / or piezoelectric and / or magnetostrictive type; each sensor being associated with a time-stamping circuit of a GNSS satellite positioning system; a measuring circuit for measuring by said sensors the acousto-elastic waves propagating in the rail, the wave or signal measurements being time-stamped.
- a system for the detection of a defect in a rail of a railway track, comprising: at least two sensors selected from magneto-acoustic transducers of the EMAT and / or piezoelectric and / or magnetostrictive type; each sensor being associated with an organ (or circuit or component or module or subsystem) for time-stamping ("suitable for time-stamping” or “configured to time-stamping") of "measurement signals” or “measurements” of “characteristic quantities” "(In particular amplitude and phase; in one embodiment, only the amplitude is necessary and sufficient) of acousto-elastic waves, propagating in the rail measured by said sensor, each organ (or circuit or component or module or under -system) timestamp being specific to (configured to) receive a synchronization signal from a GNSS satellite positioning system.
- a GNSS circuit can be shared between several sensors.
- said in passive mode the acousto-elastic waves propagate in the rail during the passage of a train, and the system comprises a calculation circuit configured to determine a function representative of the impulse response of the rail from the measurement signals, said signals being time-stamped and then synchronized.
- the acousto-elastic field designates the field of mechanical waves (sound, ultrasound, etc.) which propagate in a solid medium. Unlike the case of fluid, there are two types of acoustic waves for a solid material. These waves are better known under the name of elastic waves (shear and compression-tension).
- a transducer is a device converting one physical signal into another.
- transducers There is a wide variety of transducers.
- an electromagnetic acoustic transducer in English “ElectroMagneto-Acoustic Transducer”, acronym EMAT) can be an alternative to the use of a piezoelectric sensor (acronym PZT).
- the synchronization can be pre-arranged (arranged by circuits positioned along the track) or postsynchronized (by time shift). In both cases, a very precise clock is advantageously implemented.
- a satellite positioning system known as GNSS (for Geolocation and Navigation by a Satellite System) is based on a constellation of artificial satellites making it possible to provide a user or a circuit (via a portable receiver ) its position, speed and time.
- GNSS Geolocation and Navigation by a Satellite System
- the GNSS circuits are associated with the sensors so as to precisely time stamp the signals measured by the sensors.
- the sensors are configured to receive and / or emit acousto-elastic waves propagating in the rail. "Synchronized signals" are manipulated.
- the function representative of the impulse response constitutes the suitable calculation intermediary.
- the calculation circuit is configured to determine or detect the existence of one or more defects in the rail from the synchronized measurements of the acousto-elastic waves propagating in the rail. Controlled synchronization allows the reproducibility of the phenomenon, ie in particular to compare the responses over time.
- a fault can be determined (existence, location, category) by applying predefined thresholds, said predefined thresholds being determined by reference to a real state, for example relative to a state of the rail being known to be healthy or relative to a calibrated state of said rail, or by reference to a simulated state of the rail.
- the calculation circuit is further configured to determine the position of said one or more defects in the rail from the synchronized measurements of the acousto-elastic waves propagating in the rail.
- the characterization of one or more defects in particular in terms of nature, size, orientation in space or geometry, being carried out by analysis of amplitude and / or frequency and / or by analysis of the shape of the signal and / or by analysis of the frequency spectrum of the measurement signals and / or of the function representative of the impulse response of the rail and / or by identification of a change in the propagation mode of at least one of the waves. propagating in the rail.
- the calculation circuit is further configured to characterize said one or more faults in the rail from the synchronized measurements of the acousto-elastic waves propagating in the rail.
- the method comprises the step of characterizing one or more defects, in particular in terms of nature, size, orientation in space or geometry.
- a defect can in particular be oriented horizontally, or vertically. Based on the analysis of the signals, the position and size can be estimated. By learning or by comparison with charts drawn from mathematical or numerical models, a quantitative characterization can make it possible to determine a type of defect (corrosion, crack, discontinuity, etc.).
- the characterization of a fault can be done in different ways, depending on the configurations.
- characterization it can be understood that the nature of the defect (eg crack initiation, straight fracture, corrosion, ...), and / or that its size and / or orientation is determined (eg “average” orientation because the defects are rarely straight) and / or that its geometry is determined (reachable in the case of a very large number of sensors)
- the characterization of a fault is done by differentiated diagnosis between the received signal transmitted via the head of the rail and that transmitted via the core of the rail. For example if the signal is transmitted to one end of the rail and not the other, it is possible to approximately determine the extent of the defect as well as its position in the section of the rail. In the event that no signal is transmitted, it is likely that the failure of the rail is almost complete.
- the latencies associated with the response times of the electronics are negligible and above all indifferent to the delays in establishing synchronization and to its own deviations.
- a sensor is placed or fixed under the head of the rail
- a sensor can be affixed to the rail (EMAT sensor, not requiring glue), bonded temporarily (e.g. PZT sensor) or permanently to the rail (instrumented rail exiting the factory or on site).
- a sensor is placed or fixed on the internal and / or external web of the rail.
- the sensors can be placed on both sides of the rail web, on the inside or on the outside. However, due to the existence of rail-road vehicles, which have wheels encroaching on the outer side, it may be advantageous to install or fix the sensors on the inner side.
- the advantage of positioning on the inner wall of the rail web lies in the fact that external attacks are less likely than on the outside.
- the positions of the sensors can be variable (either temporarily or permanently). For example some areas (e.g. at high speed, bends, tunnel entrance, etc.) may be densely instrumented.
- the sensors and / or the time-stamping circuits and / or the calculation circuits and / or the GNSS circuits can be variously distributed in space (eg existence of centers, system fully distributed, hierarchical arrangement between nodes).
- the determination of a function representative of the impulse response of the rail is performed by inter-correlation.
- the correlation (strictly speaking its derivative) converges towards a function representative of the impulse response between A and B if the various components of the wave field comply with the condition of equi-distribution in energy (the the phase and amplitude distribution of the waves is random, the so-called “diffuse field” hypothesis).
- the impulse response between A and B is the recording that we would get at A if a source emitted a Dirac at B.
- the energy equilibrium conditions can be obtained when the sources are distributed randomly in the medium or when the number and distribution of sources is limited but the medium is very diffusing. Experimental demonstrations have shown that convergence was obtained in interesting frequency ranges for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), ie from kilohertz to a few megahertz.
- SHM Structural Health Monitoring
- natural sources of noise in industrial structures can be those associated with the turbulent boundary layer in aeronautics, the impact of waves, vibrations induced by engines on a boat or turbulent flow in a tube.
- the function representative of the impulse response is obtained by a passive inverse filter method.
- the step consisting in determining by passive inverse filter, a function representative of the impulse response of the structure to be analyzed comprises the steps consisting in (i) splitting the signals measured on all the sensors into one plurality of sub-vectors or pseudo-sources and (ii) decompose monochromatic propagation matrices into singular values.
- the singular values which are obtained can be partitioned into two groups, a first group of values representative of the physical information of interest and a second group of values (which can subsequently be set to zero. ). Different methods are used to determine the threshold value (in particular according to the regimes of decrease of the singular values when they are ordered).
- the FIP passive inverse filter method corresponds to the steps consisting in: a) temporally splitting the measured temporal signal into a plurality of sub-vectors or pseudo-sources; b) decompose into singular values monochromatic propagation matrices determined from pseudo-sources in the frequency domain; c) obtain the function representative of the impulse response in the time domain by inverse Fourier transform.
- the step consisting in determining by passive inverse filter functions representative of the impulse response of the structure for each of the pairs of sensors questioned comprises the steps consisting in: receiving the measurement signals from the diffuse elastic field from the N physical sensors FBG and / or PZT and / or EMAT substantially simultaneously, the diffuse elastic field not necessarily respecting an energy equipartition condition, said measurements determining a plurality of time vectors; - dividing said time vectors into a plurality of sub-vectors or pseudo-sources; - for each of the pseudo-sources, performing a Fourier transform at frequency w; - for each frequency w: 1) determine the monochromatic propagation matrix Fl (w) connecting the pseudo-sources to the measurement points; 2) determining a plurality of singular values by decomposition into singular values of each matrix Fl (w); 3) ordering and thresholding said singular values into a first group of values representative of the physical information of interest and a second group of values set to zero; 4) determine N L 2 functions representative of the impulse response of the structure (
- the function representative of the impulse response is obtained by correlation of the correlation coda (C3).
- the correlation measurement comprises a coda correlation of correlations between sensors.
- the “correlation coda correlation” consists, for a pair of measurement points A and B, in choosing any measurement point Ci selected from among the set of measurement points (except A and B); in correlating the measurements for each of the points A and B with this arbitrary measurement point Ci; in correlating the coda of these correlations to obtain the correlation between the measurement points A and B. It is possible to repeat the operation for some or all of the possible measurement points Ci and to sum the correlations obtained to obtain a correlation between A and B with better reliability. All this can be applied to all or part of the possible pairs of sensors.
- one or more sensors are removable.
- an advantageous embodiment resides in the fact of having removable sensors, which can for example be removed during maintenance operations.
- mobile robots can travel along the railway track (movement on the rail or in the vicinity, by cable, caterpillars, wheels, etc.). Drones can also be used.
- the EMAT sensors do not require very precise positioning with respect to the rail.
- the characterization of one or more defects is obtained by varying one or more positions of the sensors and / or by selecting sensors from among a plurality, during different iterations of the determination step, each determination step being carried out on the basis of the measurement signals originating from the selected sensors.
- one or more sensors are mobile.
- an advantageous embodiment resides in the fact that the sensors are mobile. This allows to study different sections of track, returning to certain places, etc.
- the means used to provide mobility are diverse: rolling robots can be used and / or drones. It is also possible to use on-board sensors (for example carried by the same train eg the first sensor being at the front of the train and the second sensor being at the rear of the train). It is also possible to use two trains following each other.
- the power supply is provided by dynamo systems recharged by the passage of trains on the railway track and / or one or more photovoltaic panels and / or one or more wind masts.
- a signal calculation or processing circuit is associated with local and / or remotely accessed calculation and / or memory resources.
- the system further comprises one or more artificial noise sources.
- the system in the passive mode, further comprises one or more sources of elastodynamic noise such as piezoelectric transducers configured to actively complement passive guided wave inspection.
- sources of elastodynamic noise such as piezoelectric transducers configured to actively complement passive guided wave inspection.
- the acousto-elastic waves follow (or come from) different propagation paths in the rail, and the measurements are carried out in pulse-echo, or in transmission, from sensors placed on the web of the rail and / or under the head of the rail.
- a method for the detection of a defect in a rail of a railway track instrumented with at least two sensors selected from among magnetoacoustic transducers of the EMAT and / or piezoelectric and / or magnetostrictive type, the method comprising the steps of:
- a computer program product comprising code instructions for performing one or more steps of the method, when said program is executed on a computer.
- the system includes a plurality of paired sensors.
- the method according to the invention comprises the step of comparing the functions representative of the impulse response of the rail determined during different determination steps carried out during successive passages of trains or vehicles on the rail. rail.
- the system comprises a circuit configured to issue an alert to the driver and / or to the traffic control system and / or to issue a braking command, said steps being triggered as a function of the result of the determination of the existence of one or more defects.
- the system comprises one or more artificial noise sources, for generating waves in the rail from the transducer, and for measuring at least one characteristic quantity of said waves using the at least one sensor, determining the existence of one or more defects in the rail from said function representative of the impulse response of the rail and / or from said at least one characteristic quantity.
- an alert is sent to signal a potential breakage between the transmitter and the receiver.
- the latter can emit a coded signal, that is - that is to say of specific shape, and / or which, by virtue of its characteristics (shape and frequency content), is not suitable or specific for the detection of the primers of defects.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system according to the invention.
- the figure shows an example of a system according to the invention deployed along a railway track, with transducers on each rail of said track.
- the term "on” designates one or more locations selected from: under the head, whether on the inner web of the rail and / or on the outer web of the rail, under the rail.
- the system according to the invention comprises a plurality of electronic nodes installed along the track, typically every kilometer.
- a node comprises: a) an energy source (eg battery type power supply, solar panels, access to an external power supply, etc.); b) an electronic circuit comprising i) an elastic wave measuring circuit; ii) an elastic wave emission circuit (this characteristic is optional; indeed, the embodiments of the invention can be active (emission of signals by the transducers) or passive (ambient acousto-elastic noise); c ) signal storage and processing components (System on Chip), for processing received signals; d) a wireless communication circuit (eg Wifi, LAN, LoRA, 3G / 4G / 5G, NB-IOT, Sigfox, ...); e) a GNSS receiver (for example of the GPS type), including the antenna circuit and on-board electronics, and f) a transducer of guided elastic waves, for example installed on a rail at each node.
- a wireless communication circuit
- a / each node drives one or more transducers (eg 1111, 1112), transmits and / or receives the signals, and communicates the result to a remote server 140 connected to a train traffic control station 130 in order to send an alert in the event of a serious fault 110 on a rail 102 (for example).
- the information is sent back to the maintenance center or to the control station to monitor the progress of the severity and to plan a repair or replacement of the rail.
- Each transducer can function both as a transmitter and as a receiver. Several signals can therefore be used by the system. In the figure, the wave transmitted from the transmitter 1111 to the receiver 1121 and vice versa, as well as the waves reflected when the transmitter 111 (or the 112) operate in pulse-echo (the same transducer plays the role of transmitter and receiver).
- the absence of a transmitted wave provides information on a complete (or at least very severe) rupture of the rail between 1111 and 1121, without a more precise location.
- the travel time of the reflected wave allows precise localization of the breakage, the diagnosis being possibly reinforced by the reflected wave emitted by the transducer located on the other side.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the different types of waves propagating between two sensors.
- the transmitted wave 213 makes it possible to detect and possibly locate the defect 200 or even to characterize it (estimate its severity), but this requires to know precisely the travel time of the wave.
- the node receiver 110 or 120
- the node receiver needs to know precisely the transmission signal in order to calculate the signal observation window and measure the course. Synchronization between transmitter and receiver should generally be less than one microsecond.
- the reflected wave (212) can optionally also provide information on the presence, location and severity of the fault.
- each node knows a priori (or the server sends it) the state (sender or receiver) in which it must be on a very precise date, and when it arrives at this date it automatically performs the operation it needs to do.
- the synchronization is performed at a low level of hardware or software, which avoids or reduces internal latencies (for example relating to export systems).
- This embodiment can correspond to a so-called System on Chip implementation.
- the signal can then be subjected to one or more preprocessings at a node.
- Information of more or less high level on the state of health of the rail e.g. information relating to the severity of the fault
- each node knows a priori (or the server sends it) the state (sender or receiver) in which it must be on a very precise date (to the nearest microsecond). When it arrives at this date, the node automatically performs the operation it needs to do (send or receive the waves). On the given date (for example 14h 00min 00s 000ms 000ps) the node to send proceeds to send the signal then switches to reception mode to measure the reflected signal in pulse-echo. At the same time, shifted by an offset related to the distance (known) between the two nodes and the wave propagation speed (also known), the receiving node activates its receiving circuit.
- the offset is typically of the order of 300 ms (for 2 nodes separated by 1 km and a propagation speed of 3000 m / s), that is to say that the receiving node begins to listen to 14h 00min 00s 300ms 000ps, for a typical duration of 100 ms.
- Each sample of this signal is precisely time-stamped, i.e. it is associated with an absolute time precise to less than a microsecond, thanks to the GNSS time-stamping. Knowing the actual transmission signal and therefore the optimization of the listening window (in position and in duration) by the receiving node has two advantages: the signal is only received over a very short window, which minimizes the risk of false alarms. Furthermore, since the electronic circuits are only activated in a very short time, the energy consumption of the system is reduced to a minimum, which is advantageous for an on-board system.
- the transmission (firing) / reception operation is repeated several times, up to a hundred times, and the various signals received are averaged to reduce the noise.
- the signals must be in phase, i.e. the synchronization between transmitter and receiver is much less than the signal period (or ⁇ ps for excitations of the order of a few tens to hundreds of kHz).
- the averaged signal makes it possible to ensure that the peak received in the signal is indeed linked to a propagation of elastic waves emitted by the emitting transducer and not linked to an electromagnetic and / or elastic disturbance which could induce a false alarm if one based the diagnosis only on exceeding a threshold in amplitude.
- the synchronization between two nodes in passive mode takes place as follows.
- Has a signal (starting signal) linked to the presence of an elastic noise source for example the arrival of a train which increases the noise level measured at the level of the rails well before its passage at the level of the nodes
- the two nodes go into reception mode for a determined duration (typically a few tens of seconds).
- the two measurement ranges are not exactly identical because the wakeup of the nodes is not necessarily simultaneous (an external signal causes an electronic wakeup time, quite similar from one node to another, but not at the ps almost anyway; an internal signal linked to the crossing of a noise level leads to a much less significant overlap, so the acquisition time must be sufficient).
- the signals are nevertheless absolutely time-stamped for each of the nodes.
- the signals are either sent by each of the nodes to a remote server or gathered on the same node for local computation.
- the nodes all operate in continuous reception in order to pick up so-called acoustic emission signals resulting from the elastic energy emitted when a crack-type fault in the rail is created / propagated.
- a synchronization mechanism between remote sensors allows precise localization of a fault.
- a sensor which receives an elastic wave (ambient or guided) does not “know” in fact when this wave was emitted.
- the signal in transmission makes it possible to determine that the material support serving as an elastic waveguide is “continuous” or at least “uninterrupted” between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor.
- the transmitter sensor emits a wave and the receiver sensor measures the signals received continuously (over a given time window) in order to capture the wave that has propagated.
- having this synchronization by GNSS means that there is no need to unwind an optical fiber (or an electric cable) along the track.
- the chosen synchronization solution results in that the methods and devices can be easily deployed in practice. From a hardware perspective, all nodes in the deployed network are independent. In particular, it is possible to easily remove or withdraw, respectively add, a node to the network, for example in the event of a change in the geometry of the rail track or a failure of a node. For example, it is possible to insert or remove a fishplate (e.g. replacement by a weld or vice versa).
- the clock synchronized by GNSS makes it possible to achieve improved precision in terms of location (spatial precision).
- GNSS uses it possible to precisely synchronize the nodes, ie guarantee that they share the same time base.
- a receiving node or sensor can be associated with exact time information, which provides information on the date of transmission of the signal.
- the synchronization of the nodes is carried out at time intervals which must be less than a microsecond (millionth of a second), in order to be sufficiently precise. with respect to the propagation of elastic waves.
- one solution may consist in using the so-called PPS (“Puise Per Second”) signal, which is sent by the GNSS system every second.
- PPS Pulise Per Second
- This signal is tuned to the atomic clock on board GNSS satellites. It allows synchronization to within a few tens of nanoseconds, at a very limited cost (much less than if you had to embed an atomic clock in each node).
- one / each node receives the PPS signal to synchronize within a few tens of nanoseconds every second.
- the drift observed between two nodes from one second to the next is much less than a microsecond, which guarantees sufficient precision with respect to the propagation of the guided elastic waves.
- the synchronization between the nodes is obtained by other methods (for example by radio or wired synchronization).
- the radio or wired synchronization variants are comparatively more expensive. Additionally, GNSS coverage is global and inexpensive.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary structure of a node 110 for capturing signals according to the invention.
- This electronic node makes it possible in particular to carry out these functions of transmission and reception of waves, of communication with the remote server, while guaranteeing a synchronization of less than one microsecond between two nodes several kilometers apart (the distance does not matter as long as 'there is GNSS coverage on the two considered nodes).
- a “node” or “hub” 111 can drive several physical sensors or “measurement points”. Each measuring point e.g. 110 or 120 can include one or more sensors (type 1111, 1112).
- a node 111 can include communication resources (wired or wireless, eg 4G, 5G, Wifi, Ethernet, optical fiber, etc.), so as to centralize the data in a processing center 130 (eg synchronization, alerts, etc). Data can be captured and transmitted continuously, or it can be retrieved once a day, or on the fly when passing a train, etc.
- the data to be transmitted can be large (typically a few megabytes MB instead of a few bytes or hundreds of bytes. in the active case). Depending on the communication protocols implemented, this may be a point to take into account.
- a node may have the option of controlling the sensors both in transmission mode and in pulse-echo mode in active and passive mode (“generic” node).
- one or more nodes can be optimized in terms of functionality and cost.
- a node 111 can include different components.
- a node can include a transmitter in the active case. In passive mode, there is no transmitter since the energy of the train is used.
- the signals from the sensors e.g. 1111 are received by an analog / digital electronic circuit then processed by a circuit 320 (FPGA, CPU or other) which communicates the data 332 and / or stores them 331 locally.
- a node can include a GNSS module (acronym for “Global Navigation Satellite System”, eg GPS or Galileo or GLONASS or Beidou-2 (COMPASS). This GNSS circuit is advantageous for locating the position of the device. node once placed on the track, but also to date the signals precisely (precise dating to a few nanoseconds allows synchronization in post-processing).
- the sensor node is autonomous and communicating.
- the node recovers vibratory energy thanks to the piezoelectric sensors stuck to the rail and / or to the air blast when a train passes (mini-wind turbine, for example when the system is in a tunnel) , and / or a solar panel.
- the node includes a battery.
- more transient energy storage systems are used (e.g. super capacitors, by energy recovery when a train passes, so over a very short time).
- FIG. 4 shows an example of signal 410 measured in transmission between two sensors positioned under the mushroom spaced 400 meters apart and synchronized by GPS.
- the transmitted signal therefore in this case according to an active interrogation mode, is a burst made up of 5 sinusoid cycles with a central frequency of 40 kHz.
- a portion of signal 411 is isolated and enlarged: a variation of signal 4111 is measured in transmission, for a defect of increasing size.
- the defect in this case is an artificial notch in the mushroom head (representative of defects called in the jargon "partial rail break") 5 to 25 mm deep and approximately 11 mm long.
- Signal 1 corresponds to a healthy rail
- signal numbered 6 corresponds to a fault of maximum size.
- the figure illustrates the amplitude modification due to the fault, which makes it possible to detect its presence. In this case, the amplitude carries information on the severity of the defect (characterization).
- the invention can be implemented from hardware and / or software elements. It may be available as a computer program product on computer readable media.
- the medium can be electronic, magnetic, optical or electromagnetic.
- the computing means or resources can be centralized and / or distributed (“Cloud computing”), possibly with or according to peer-to-peer and / or virtualization and / or redundancy technologies.
- the software code can be executed on any suitable processor (eg, microprocessor) or processor core or a set of processors, whether provided in a single computing device or distributed among multiple computing devices.
- the computer implementation of the invention can use centralized systems (eg client-server or master-slave) and / or distributed systems (eg peer-to-peer architecture using accessible computer resources, possibly opportunistically. eg ad hoc networks, etc.).
- the system (or its variants) implementing one or more of the process steps can use one or more dedicated electronic circuits or a general purpose circuit.
- the method can also be implemented on a reprogrammable computing machine (a processor or a microcontroller, for example) executing a program comprising a sequence of instructions, or on a dedicated computing machine (for example a set of logic gates such as an FPGA or an ASIC, or any other hardware module).
- a dedicated computing machine for example a set of logic gates such as an FPGA or an ASIC, or any other hardware module.
- a dedicated circuit can improve performance.
- Reference to a computer program which, when executed, performs any of the functions described above, is not limited to an application program running on a single host computer.
- the terms computer program and software are used here in a general sense to refer to any type of computer code (e.g. application software, firmware, firmware, APIs, web services, or any other form of computer instruction) which can be used to program one or more processors to implement process steps.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1915428A FR3105148B1 (fr) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Systeme et procede pour la detection d’un defaut dans un rail d’une voie ferree |
| PCT/EP2020/085846 WO2021130036A1 (fr) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-11 | Systeme et procede pour la detection d'un defaut dans un rail d'une voie ferree |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4081438A1 true EP4081438A1 (fr) | 2022-11-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP20821016.1A Pending EP4081438A1 (fr) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-11 | Systeme et procede pour la detection d'un defaut dans un rail d'une voie ferree |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12188906B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4081438A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3162984A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3105148B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021130036A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202206953B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3105148B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-10-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme et procede pour la detection d’un defaut dans un rail d’une voie ferree |
| FR3114154B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2024-02-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif et Procédé de gestion de ressources pour la surveillance de structures allongées. |
| FR3114206B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2023-01-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Système et Procédé pour la détection de défauts dans des guides d’ondes allongés. |
| CN114310935B (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-08-04 | 杭州申昊科技股份有限公司 | 基于巡检机器人的轨道状态检测系统、机器人以及方法 |
| FR3130733A1 (fr) | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Systeme et procede pour la detection de defauts dans des structures allongees |
| CN115881079B (zh) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-05-23 | 山东铁路投资控股集团有限公司 | 铁路轨道施工中的噪音预警方法、系统、设备及存储介质 |
| CN116620348B (zh) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-10-20 | 宁波思高信通科技有限公司 | 一种钢轨检测方法、系统、智能终端及存储介质 |
| GB202314089D0 (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-11-01 | Peak To Peak Measurement Solutions Ltd | Ultrasonic apparatus and method for sensing vehicle-track interaction and effects |
| CN117147693B (zh) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | 一种基于声弹性耦合的无砟道床与路基层间缺陷检测方法 |
| CN117734766A (zh) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-03-22 | 中国铁路通信信号上海工程局集团有限公司 | 地铁钢轨伤损在线监测系统 |
| CN119004234B (zh) * | 2024-10-25 | 2025-07-15 | 江苏飞梭智行设备有限公司 | 一种基于大数据分析的轨道风险的排查方法和排查系统 |
Family Cites Families (18)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE512919C2 (sv) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-06-05 | Borealis As | KOmbinerat ljus- och värmestabiliseringsmedel för polymerer |
| US20120279308A1 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Fbs, Inc. | Elastic wave rail defect detection system |
| CN103842998B (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2018-01-19 | Csir公司 | 用于监测结构元件的状况的系统和开发该系统的方法 |
| WO2014027977A1 (fr) | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | ENEKOM ENERJI EKOLOJI BILIŞIM VE MUHENDISLIK SANAYI TICARET LIMITED ŞlRKETI | Procédé de détection de fractures et de fissures de rail |
| WO2015148274A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Electronic Warfare Associates, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés pour de synchronisation de capteur |
| TR201405723A2 (tr) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-09-21 | Sabri Haluk Goekmen | Ray kırığı ve çatlağını yansıma yöntemiyle algılayan sistem. |
| US10457303B2 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2019-10-29 | Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp | Vibration notifications received from vibration sensors |
| WO2017175276A1 (fr) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Dispositif de détection de rupture de rail |
| FR3060743B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-05-17 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede et systeme de controle de sante integre d'une structure mecanique par ondes elastiques diffuses |
| EP3473518A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-04-24 | Next Generation Rail Technologies S.L. | Système de détection d'événements ou de situations présentant des modèles associés de vibrations acoustiques dans un train ferroviaire et unité de détecteur de vibration pour ce système |
| FR3073289B1 (fr) * | 2017-11-08 | 2024-03-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Controle de sante d'une structure industrielle |
| FR3084748B1 (fr) * | 2018-08-01 | 2024-01-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Controle de sante de rails |
| FR3105148B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-10-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme et procede pour la detection d’un defaut dans un rail d’une voie ferree |
| FR3114206B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2023-01-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Système et Procédé pour la détection de défauts dans des guides d’ondes allongés. |
| CN114310935B (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-08-04 | 杭州申昊科技股份有限公司 | 基于巡检机器人的轨道状态检测系统、机器人以及方法 |
| CN115881079B (zh) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-05-23 | 山东铁路投资控股集团有限公司 | 铁路轨道施工中的噪音预警方法、系统、设备及存储介质 |
| CN116620348B (zh) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-10-20 | 宁波思高信通科技有限公司 | 一种钢轨检测方法、系统、智能终端及存储介质 |
| CN117147693B (zh) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | 一种基于声弹性耦合的无砟道床与路基层间缺陷检测方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-12-23 FR FR1915428A patent/FR3105148B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-12-11 EP EP20821016.1A patent/EP4081438A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-12-11 US US17/787,927 patent/US12188906B2/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 CA CA3162984A patent/CA3162984A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-12-11 WO PCT/EP2020/085846 patent/WO2021130036A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-06-22 ZA ZA2022/06953A patent/ZA202206953B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3105148B1 (fr) | 2023-10-06 |
| US20230024577A1 (en) | 2023-01-26 |
| WO2021130036A1 (fr) | 2021-07-01 |
| ZA202206953B (en) | 2023-04-26 |
| FR3105148A1 (fr) | 2021-06-25 |
| US12188906B2 (en) | 2025-01-07 |
| CA3162984A1 (fr) | 2021-07-01 |
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