EP4081039A1 - Vorrichtung zur abreicherung von aktiven mikroorganismen in fluiden - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur abreicherung von aktiven mikroorganismen in fluidenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4081039A1 EP4081039A1 EP21740031.6A EP21740031A EP4081039A1 EP 4081039 A1 EP4081039 A1 EP 4081039A1 EP 21740031 A EP21740031 A EP 21740031A EP 4081039 A1 EP4081039 A1 EP 4081039A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- microorganisms
- component
- antimicrobial
- retention
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229940043810 zinc pyrithione Drugs 0.000 description 4
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XORSRAGWEHXCIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(8,8-dichlorooctyl)-1,2-thiazol-4-one Chemical compound ClC(Cl)CCCCCCCC1=NSCC1=O XORSRAGWEHXCIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 3
- RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N Methicillin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C(O)=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 3
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N amoxicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003022 amoxicillin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960003085 meticillin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Hydroxyampicillin Natural products O=C1N2C(C(O)=O)C(C)(C)SC2C1NC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HFOCAQPWSXBFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=O HFOCAQPWSXBFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588747 Klebsiella pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589248 Legionella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589242 Legionella pneumophila Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007764 Legionnaires' Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004283 biguanides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFMFXQNYPNYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-octadecyl-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC WSFMFXQNYPNYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3206—Organic carriers, supports or substrates
- B01J20/3208—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates
- B01J20/3212—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates consisting of a polymer obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3268—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/328—Polymers on the carrier being further modified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
- C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
- C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for reducing the number of active microorganisms in fluids, which comprises at least one flow area through which the fluid can flow.
- the invention also relates to a method for reducing the number of active microorganisms in at least one fluid, the fluid flowing through at least one flow area.
- a strategy for avoiding microorganisms in liquid media is the increased use of biocides.
- this approach often proves to be problematic, since the increasing development of resistance requires higher dosages of the biocides or renders them completely ineffective.
- biocides pose a health risk for humans and animals, so that their use is strictly regulated.
- Another strategy consists in the mechanical removal of germs from fluids using appropriate filter elements.
- Membrane filters play an important role here. Microorganisms are held back by filter membranes whose pores are smaller than the microorganisms. Due to the flow resistance of the membrane, considerable technical effort is required, with the liquid medium having to be pressed through the filter element at high pressure via an electrically operated pump system.
- Filter systems for removing microorganisms from fluids are based on a material that mechanically retains the microorganisms in the filter, the materials used often being equipped with a biocidal substance.
- the filter can be designed as a capillary or as a membrane made of organic materials (e.g. plastic) or inorganic materials (e.g. ceramics).
- the pore size is about 0.1 - 0.3 pm for bacteria retention and 0.01 - 0.04 pm for virus retention.
- Metals such as silver, copper or zinc, their salts, flalogens or flalogenides and organic compounds such as triclosan or quaternary ammonium compounds are used as biocidal substances.
- the biocides are successively delivered to the medium to be filtered via a depot until the depot is exhausted.
- the microorganisms are removed from the liquid medium and remain in the filter materials, so that the flow resistance of the filter increases the longer it is used. In the worst case, the filter is completely blocked as a result. This problem is further exacerbated by biofilm formation.
- DE 698 257 49 T2 describes a filter cartridge consisting of a core member surrounded by a plurality of microporous membranes.
- the core member is made of activated carbon, plastic, paper, metal and ceramics.
- the membranes consist of a polymer from the group of polyester, polysulfone, polyethylene and polypropylene.
- the core member or membranes are wrapped with an antimicrobial impregnated yarn.
- An example of an antimicrobial agent is 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol.
- DE 103 353 43 A1 describes a ceramic filter element that is produced via a sintering process in which oxides, sulfides, carbides and nitrides are used.
- the filter element is coated with a biocidal substance.
- WO 2008/110166 A1 describes a filter element made from microporous filter membranes, the pore size of which is suitable for the filtration of bacteria or viruses.
- the microporous filter consists of stacked sheets of hydrophilic polymer or ceramic, or of polymer fibers. Flalogens, halogenated flames or silver are used as biocidal substances.
- the Biocides are supplied via a reservoir or are integrated into the filter materials.
- US 2001/0009239 A1 describes a sand bed filter for water filtration, the particles of which are equipped with quaternary ammonium compounds and with silver or copper.
- the particles are first calcined with silver nitrate or copper nitrate at 800 - 900 °C. Then the further functionalization of S1O2 takes place with a solution of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride.
- US 2008/0302713 A1 describes a filter consisting of a porous membrane made of ceramic, activated carbon, metal, cellulose or plastic.
- the pore size is 0.05 - 5.0 pm.
- the inner filter core is covered with wound yarn or fleece, each of which is provided with a biocide finish made of silver, copper, zinc, their compounds or organic substances.
- US Pat. No. 6,471,876 B1 describes filter particles made of ceramic, plastic or glass, which are coated by copolymerization of an anionic polymer and a germ-killing cationic substance.
- the germ-killing cationic substance belongs to the group of biguanides, quaternary ammonium compounds, diiodomethyl-p-tolyl sulfone or zinc pyrithione.
- the anionic polymer is composed of vinyl or acrylic units, preferably containing a carboxyl or sulfonyl group.
- CA 2851 889 A1 describes a method for producing antimicrobially active filters.
- the filters consist of electrospun polymer fibers or spunbonded fabric coated with silver or another biocidal substance.
- the silver layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, sol-gel deposition, or a combination of the methods.
- US 2010/0051527 A1 describes a microporous filter element for liquids with a suitable pore size to retain bacteria or viruses.
- a biocidal substance is supplied as a gas, liquid or solid.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for depleting active microorganisms in fluids which avoid the disadvantages mentioned and ensure a longer service life for the device and increased process reliability.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a device of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the flow area comprises at least one antimicrobial component for inactivating the microorganisms and at least one retention component for reducing the flow rate of the microorganisms.
- the device according to the invention for the depletion of active microorganisms in fluids for example liquid media or gases or gas mixtures (e.g. air), thus comprises at least two differently functionalized components, ie the combination of a component that slows down the flow of microorganisms and thus their length of stay in the device increased, with an antimicrobial component.
- the medium to be sterilized (fluid) flows past both components.
- the retention component (adsorption component) that slows down and/or adsorbs microorganisms produces a delayed flow of the microorganisms through the flow area through electrostatic interaction with the microorganisms.
- This slowing down (retention) of the active ones contained in the medium Microorganisms on the retention component their flow rate is reduced in such a way that there is sufficient time for them to be inactivated by the antimicrobial component.
- the inactivated microorganisms can then be discharged from the device as the flow progresses, so that, for example, the disadvantages of an increasing flow resistance or a blockage are avoided.
- the device according to the invention is therefore a kind of "continuous sterilizer” in which the microorganisms flowing past are slowed down on the retention component by “physisorption” (very weak adsorption, see below), so that their residence time in the device is extended so that a inactivation can take place by the antimicrobial component.
- the inactivation of the microorganisms also eliminates the risk of biofilm formation, so that, in contrast to conventional devices such as filter elements, a longer service life can be guaranteed.
- the antimicrobial component and the retention component are arranged in close proximity to one another and/or are at least partially, directly or indirectly, in contact with one another. Both components should therefore preferably be arranged at least adjacent to one another, with the possible distance between the components having to be adapted to the range of the antimicrobial effect of the antimicrobial component used in each case.
- one component can also be applied directly to the other component, so that the two components touch at least partially.
- the antimicrobial component and the retention component are arranged in layers and/or mixed with one another.
- the individual components can be combined in (flat) layers and alternating stacking order and/or mixed with one another in particulate form.
- the antimicrobial component and/or the retention component is/are applied to at least one carrier material or is/are integrated into it.
- the two components can be applied, for example, as layers or coatings on separate carrier materials (substrates) or combined on a common carrier material (substrate).
- the components are preferably applied as a coating to the surface of a carrier material, which preferably consists of metal, glass, plastic, resin, clay or renewable materials such as chitosan, cellulose and modifications thereof.
- the substrate should have a large surface area.
- the carrier material should preferably comprise a woven fabric, fleece, fibers, granules or particles (eg spheres or powder particles).
- the antimicrobial component can, for example, also be integrated into the carrier material as granules or powder, so that an antimicrobially active substance can be released from the carrier material.
- the retention component is preferably applied to this modified carrier material, optionally in the form of individual clusters.
- the antimicrobial component can also be integrated as a powder in a carrier material which has a property that slows down and/or adsorbs microorganisms.
- the retention component comprises at least one substance which comprises at least one positively or negatively charged functional group.
- the microorganism-retarding component can comprise at least one polymer which, due to the functional groups present, has charges (positive and/or negative charges).
- Such polymers can be applied to a surface in thin layers so that the release of the antimicrobial substances across the surface is not blocked.
- Suitable functional groups are, for example, quaternary ammonium compounds to introduce positive charges, or, for example, sulfonic acid groups to introduce negative charges.
- the charged cell membranes of the microorganisms then interact with the surface of the charged polymer due to Coulomb forces.
- the antimicrobial component comprises at least one substance which has an antimicrobial effect and/or releases at least one substance with an antimicrobial effect or generates it in situ.
- ozone is also conceivable.
- catalytically active surfaces for the in-situ generation of ROS are preferably used as the antimicrobially active component, since these do not leach out the antimicrobial substance in long-term use.
- antimicrobial surface "AGXX ®" Such systems for the in situ generation of ROS are explained in greater detail further below (antimicrobial surface "AGXX ®").
- the antimicrobial component can also have a physical antimicrobial effect, such as through UV irradiation.
- the flow area is tubular and/or column-shaped and/or comprises at least one channel-shaped and/or hose-shaped element.
- the device according to the invention can be designed in the form of a filter column and/or flow-through column. Since a column has a comparatively low flow resistance, the technical requirements for the system used are extremely low. With the appropriate design, the flow system can be operated without a power supply via the hydrostatic pressure. As the flow progresses, the inactivated microorganisms are discharged from the device. Since the microorganisms do not remain in the device, its flow resistance does not increase even after prolonged use. through the Inactivation of the microorganisms also eliminates the risk of biofilm formation, so that, in contrast to membrane filter elements, a longer service life is guaranteed.
- the object is also achieved according to the invention by a material for reducing the number of active microorganisms in at least one fluid, which has at least one antimicrobial component for inactivating the microorganisms and at least one retention component for
- the materials (or filter materials) according to the invention which are preferably provided for use in the device according to the invention (and/or a filter element or a filter column) described above, advantageously enable effective cleaning of the fluid (e.g. water, air, etc.) through reliable inactivation of the microorganisms contained in the flow.
- the material is arranged within the device in such a way that the fluid to be sterilized flows past the material or flows through it. By slowing down the active microorganisms contained in the fluid on the retention component, their flow rate is reduced and their length of stay is thus extended in such a way that they are inactivated by the antimicrobial component.
- the material can be, for example, fibers, particles, granules, a woven fabric, fleece or the like.
- the material according to the invention additionally comprises at least one carrier material.
- the carrier material can consist, for example, of metal, glass, plastic, resin, clay or renewable materials such as chitosan, cellulose and modifications thereof.
- the antimicrobial component serves as a substrate which is at least partially coated with the retention component.
- the Carrier material is at least partially coated with the antimicrobial component and the retention component.
- the antimicrobial component can advantageously also be at least partially integrated into the carrier material, with the carrier material doped with the antimicrobial component being at least partially coated with the retention component in this embodiment.
- the antimicrobial component can be integrated into the carrier material, for example as granules or powder, so that an antimicrobially active substance can be released from the carrier material.
- the retention component is applied to this modified carrier material, for example as a thin layer, possibly in the form of individual clusters, so that the antimicrobially active substance can reach the surface or the environment of the (germ reduction) material.
- the object is also achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the fluid flows past at least one antimicrobial component and at least one retention component, with the flow rate of the microorganisms in the flow area on the retention component being reduced in such a way that the microorganisms are inactivated by the antimicrobial component will.
- the flow rate of the microorganisms in the flow area on the retention component being reduced in such a way that the microorganisms are inactivated by the antimicrobial component will.
- the inactivated microorganisms are discharged from the flow area, so that, for example, the disadvantages of an increasing flow resistance or a blockage can be avoided.
- the antimicrobial component releases at least one substance with an antimicrobial effect and releases it into the flow area and/or at least one substance with an antimicrobial effect is generated in situ in the flow area.
- the antimicrobial substance can be, for example, oligodynamic metals such as silver or copper and their compounds, inorganic compounds such as sodium hypochlorite or boric acid, organic compounds such as triclosan or dichloroctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), organometallic compounds such as zinc pyrithione or 10,10 '-Oxybisphenoxoarsine (OBPA) to act as antibiotics such as amoxicillin or methicillin.
- oligodynamic metals such as silver or copper and their compounds
- inorganic compounds such as sodium hypochlorite or boric acid
- organic compounds such as triclosan or dichloroctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT)
- organometallic compounds such as zinc pyrithione or 10,10 '-O
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- catalytically active surfaces for the in-situ generation of ROS can be used as an antimicrobially active component, since these do not leach out the antimicrobial substance in long-term use.
- antimicrobial surface "AGXX ®" Such systems for the in situ generation of ROS are explained in greater detail further below (antimicrobial surface "AGXX ®").
- the antimicrobial component can also have a physical antimicrobial effect, such as through UV irradiation.
- Fluid within the meaning of the invention refers to any flowable matter or all flowable substances, substances and mixtures of substances.
- the term “fluid” includes, inter alia, liquids, suspensions, gases, plasma and/or aerosols.
- Microorganisms within the meaning of the invention refers to microscopically small organisms or particles that consist of individual or a few cells, cell aggregates or organic structures.
- microorganisms includes, but is not limited to, bacteria, fungi (including fleas), algae, protozoa and viruses.
- Active are microorganisms within the meaning of the invention if they are alive, viable, metabolically active, infectious and/or pathogenic. "Inactive” or “inactivated” are microorganisms within the meaning of the invention when they are dead or no longer viable, no longer metabolize or induce are no longer infectious and/or no longer pathogenic.
- “Physisorption” within the meaning of the invention denotes a special form of adsorption in which the adsorbate molecule is reversibly and temporarily bound to the substrate by physical forces.
- the physical forces do not cause a chemical bond, but are so weak that the orbital structure is not changed.
- these forces can be van der Waals forces, i.e. electrostatic interaction between induced, fluctuating dipoles (London dispersion forces).
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows schematic representations of side views of two exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention: a) flow-through unit with a stacked arrangement of individual fleeces of the two components, and b) flow-through unit in which both components are mixed with one another in the form of particles.
- FIG. 3 shows the course of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention in three schematic representations.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 5 shows a bar chart of the germ reduction efficiency of cellulose fibers that were first treated with the antimicrobially active surface "AGXX ® " (Ag/Ru, see below) and then coated with the polycationic polymer poly(N-trimethylammonium)ethyl methacrylate (PTEMA).
- AGXX ® antimicrobially active surface
- PTEMA polycationic polymer poly(N-trimethylammonium)ethyl methacrylate
- Figure 6 shows a bar graph of germ reduction efficiency of cellulose fleece, which was treated with the antimicrobial surface "AGXX ®" (Ag / Ru, see below) and then coated with the polymer PTEMA first.
- FIG. 7 shows a bar chart of a comparison of different (germ reduction) materials for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows an exemplary curve of the functional principle of the retention component in the flow. Description of advantageous and exemplary embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention for the depletion of active microorganisms 2 in fluids (e.g. liquid media), which comprises a flow area 3 and at least two differently functionalized components.
- fluids e.g. liquid media
- retention component 4 a component that slows down and/or adsorbs microorganisms
- the device 1 according to the invention thus comprises at least one layer slowing down microorganisms (component 4) which is applied to a substrate, and at least one antimicrobially active layer (component 5) which is applied to the same or a different substrate.
- the substrate or substrates for both components 4, 5 can be the same material (e.g. fleece, glass beads,
- the two components 4, 5 can be applied to separate substrates or combined on a common carrier material 6.
- the embodiment shown here is a tubular device 1, the wall of which forms the carrier material 6 and can be made of plastic or metal, for example.
- the inner surface of the carrier material 6 is coated with the components 4, 5, one half of the carrier material 6 being coated with a layer of the retention component 4 and the other half of the carrier material 6 being coated with a layer of the antimicrobial component 5.
- the fluid to be sterilized with the microorganisms 2 flows past the two components 4 , 5 within the flow area 3 .
- By slowing down the flow rate of the active microorganisms 2 contained in the fluid (here living bacteria 7) on the retention component 4 e.g.
- the fluid can be effectively sterilized and at the same time the formation of a biofilm in the flow area 3 can be prevented.
- the inactivated microorganisms 2 here dead bacteria 8 are then discharged from the flow area 3 of the device 1, so that the flow resistance cannot increase or become blocked by cell debris.
- This substance can be, for example, oligodynamic metals such as silver or copper and their compounds, inorganic compounds such as sodium hypochlorite or boric acid, organic compounds such as triclosan or dichloroctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), organometallic compounds such as zinc pyrithione or 10,10'-oxybisphenoxoarsine (OBPA ), and/or antibiotics such as amoxicillin or methicillin.
- DCOIT dichloroctylisothiazolinone
- OBPA 10,10'-oxybisphenoxoarsine
- antibiotics such as amoxicillin or methicillin.
- FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a device 10 according to the invention for reducing the number of active microorganisms in fluids (eg liquid media).
- the device 10 comprises a cylindrical area 11 and an adjoining funnel-shaped area 12. Inside the cylindrical area 11 there is a flow area 13 through which the fluid to be sterilized (here a liquid) flows.
- retention components 14 and antimicrobial components 15 are also arranged, past which the fluid to be sterilized flows, with the flow rate of the active microorganisms contained in the fluid being reduced at the retention components 14, so that they can be inactivated by the antimicrobial components 15.
- a material 16 is provided in the embodiments of the invention shown in FIG. Figure 2b) is arranged in the flow area 13.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 2a involves fleece elements which are each coated with one of the two components 14, 15 and are combined in stacks in an alternating sequence of components.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 2b involves particles which are each coated with one of the two components 14, 15 and then mixed with one another in certain proportions.
- the device 10 according to the invention is thus designed as a type of germ reduction column, with the fluid to be cleaned being sterilized as it flows through the flow area 13 and thus through the materials 16 by inactivating the microorganisms contained therein. As the flow continues, the inactivated microorganisms are then discharged from the device 10 via the funnel-shaped area 12 . Since such a germ reduction column has a comparatively low flow resistance, the technical requirements for the device 10 used are extremely low. With an appropriate design, the germ reduction column can be operated without a power supply via the hydrostatic pressure. Since the microorganisms do not remain in the material 16, the flow resistance in the flow area 13 does not increase even after prolonged use. By inactivating the microorganisms Biofilm formation can be prevented at the same time, so that, in contrast to membrane filter elements, a longer service life is guaranteed.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a device 20 according to the invention, which essentially corresponds to the device 1 according to FIG.
- the components of the device 20 shown schematically in Figure 3 are therefore provided with the same reference numerals as the corresponding components of the device 1 according to Figure 1.
- the components 4, 5 are shown in Figure 3
- Device 20 shown is not applied next to each other on the carrier material 6, but one above the other.
- the antimicrobially active component 5 was first applied to the carrier material 6 and then coated with the retention component 4 .
- the retention component 4 has positively charged functional groups 17 on its surface, which are used for the reversible binding of microorganisms.
- Retention component 4 of the antimicrobial component 5 and enters the fluid to be cleaned in the flow space 3.
- the microorganisms entering the flow space 3 are slowed down by means of the charged functional groups 17 on the surface of the retention component 4 ( Figure 3b). There they are then inactivated or killed by the released antimicrobial substance (“biocide”). Since the microorganisms do not form any permanent bonds to the surface of the retention component 4, they are then carried out of the flow chamber 3 by the fluid flowing through (FIG. 3c).
- FIG. 4 also shows an embodiment of a device 30 according to the invention, which essentially corresponds to the device 1 according to FIG.
- the components of the device 30 shown schematically in FIG. 4 are therefore provided with the same reference numbers as the corresponding components of the device 1 according to FIG. 1 and the device 20 according to FIG 1 and for the device 20 according to FIG. 3, the antimicrobial component 5 in the form of a large number of individual particles is integrated into the carrier material 6 in the device 30 shown in FIG.
- the antimicrobial component 5 can be a solid, for example, which gradually dissolves in a liquid medium flowing through, or generates ROS in situ.
- the carrier material 6 eg cellulose or a plastic
- the carrier material 6 must allow a certain amount of water absorption.
- Figure 5 illustrates the germ reduction efficiency of cellulose fibers and then coated with the polymer is poly (N-trimethylammonium) ethyl methacrylate (PTEMA) were first with the antimicrobial surface "AGXX ®" (see below).
- PTEMA poly (N-trimethylammonium) ethyl methacrylate
- AZA antimicrobial surface
- 1000 ml of a bacterial suspension of E. coli with an increasing number of colony-forming units were filtered.
- 118 mg cellulose fibers were used as germ reduction material, which had first been coated with the antimicrobial surface “AGXX ®” and then with the polycationic polymer PTEMA.
- the germ reduction efficiency was determined in each case by plating. The efficiency is 99.9% up to a bacterial load of 6.0 x 10 5 CFU/ml.
- FIG. 6 shows the germ reduction efficiency of cellulose fleece that was first coated with the antimicrobially active surface “AGXX® ” (see below) and then with the polycationic polymer PTEMA.
- AGXX® antimicrobially active surface
- the germ reduction efficiency was determined in each case by plating. The germ reduction efficiency was for all Flow rates 99.9%. Under the selected test conditions, no decrease in efficiency could be observed.
- FIG. 7 shows the comparison of different materials. These are mixtures of the two components 14, 15 according to FIG. 2b.
- the two components 14, 15 were each prepared on cellulose powder, with 25 mg of each of the two materials being mixed together (system a).
- Another germ reduction system consists of cellulose powder, which was first coated with the antimicrobially active surface "AGXX ® (see below) and then with the polycationic polymer PTEMA (system b). 50 mg of this powder were used.
- AGXX ® antimicrobially active surface
- PTEMA polycationic polymer PTEMA
- the germ reduction efficiency on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila was determined for both systems.
- System a shows a germ reduction for P. aeruginosa of 90.0% and for L pneumophila of 95.8%.
- the germ reductions for P. aeruginosa are 97.4
- FIG. 8 shows the functional principle of the retention component in the flow as an example. If the microorganisms flowing through do not interact with the retention components, they are discharged from the system at time ti. The complete killing of the microorganisms by the antimicrobial component is only achieved for the residence time t min . The residence time of the microorganisms is therefore not sufficient for the microorganisms to be deactivated by the antimicrobial component. Due to the interaction of the microorganisms with the retention component set according to the invention, their residence time in the system is increased in such a way that the microorganisms are completely killed.
- the antimicrobial component can be used by the antimicrobial component as a catalytically active surface for the effective inactivation of microorganisms in the flow area or on of the retention component can be generated.
- the antimicrobial component preferably comprises a bioactive composition (antimicrobially active surface “AGXX® ” ) which comprises at least two elements (e.g. metallic silver and metallic ruthenium), these elements being in electrically conductive contact with one another at least with their respective surfaces that in the presence of water and oxygen, the oxygen dissolved in the water is reduced upon contact with the catalytically active surface and active oxygen species (ROS) are formed, which are then released into the environment (e.g.
- the antimicrobially effective surface “AGXX ®” thus advantageously comprises a bioactive material system, at whose electrodes of the microgalvanic element formed, redox reactions take place, which lead to the microorganisms being killed. Molecular oxygen is reduced to oxygen radicals at the cathode (ruthenium), which then have a toxic effect on the microorganisms.
- An "AGXX ®” surface or coating can be produced, for example, by applying silver and ruthenium layers to suitable carrier materials using chemical-reductive processes or conventional electroplating technology, with a silver layer first being applied to the carrier material, which is then coated with a microporous (cluster-shaped) layer of ruthenium.
- the present invention relates to a bioactive device and a bioactive material each comprising an antimicrobial surface in combination with a microorganism retarding surface. There is a close spatial proximity between the two surfaces. Ideally, a microorganism-slowing coating is applied directly to an antimicrobial effective surface applied.
- the antimicrobially effective surface releases a substance or substance that leads to the inactivation (killing) of the microbial contamination. Since this process requires a certain duration of action, the residence time of the microorganisms is increased by the microorganism-slowing material. There is no permanent attachment of the microorganisms to the coating. In contrast to conventional filter processes, most of the killed microorganisms are removed from the device or system.
- the present invention provides a method for sterilization in which the microorganisms, however, are only slowed down in the flow, killed by a released antimicrobial substance and these are discharged from the system again.
- This novel sterilization method avoids the disadvantages of increasing flow resistance, filter blockage and biofilm formation known from the prior art. This significantly increases the service life of the device and the process reliability.
- the efficiency of the device according to the invention or the materials according to the invention depends on the quantity of the components used and the geometry of the material, the geometry of the germ reduction element, the germ load of the fluid, the physical properties of the fluid and its flow rate. Due to the universal properties of the (germ reduction) material according to the invention, the efficiency can be adapted to the respective application by means of a suitable structure.
- the present invention allows the development of highly efficient systems for sterilizing fluids (eg liquids) with a long service life.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20184124.4A EP3935946A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Vorrichtung zur abreicherung von aktiven mikroorganismen in fluiden |
PCT/EP2021/068683 WO2022008520A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2021-07-06 | Vorrichtung zur abreicherung von aktiven mikroorganismen in fluiden |
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EP4081039A1 true EP4081039A1 (de) | 2022-11-02 |
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EP20184124.4A Withdrawn EP3935946A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Vorrichtung zur abreicherung von aktiven mikroorganismen in fluiden |
EP21740031.6A Pending EP4081039A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2021-07-06 | Vorrichtung zur abreicherung von aktiven mikroorganismen in fluiden |
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EP20184124.4A Withdrawn EP3935946A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Vorrichtung zur abreicherung von aktiven mikroorganismen in fluiden |
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WO (1) | WO2022008520A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5868933A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1999-02-09 | Patrick; Gilbert | Antimicrobial filter cartridge |
US6780332B2 (en) | 1997-03-28 | 2004-08-24 | Parker Holding Services Corp. | Antimicrobial filtration |
US6471876B1 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2002-10-29 | Kinetico Incorporated | Filter media with germicidal properties |
US20050279696A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2005-12-22 | Bahm Jeannine R | Water filter materials and water filters containing a mixture of microporous and mesoporous carbon particles |
US6866704B2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-03-15 | Koslow Technologies Corporation | Microporous filter media with intrinsic safety feature |
DE10335343A1 (de) | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-03 | Itn Nanovation Gmbh | Keramisches Filterelement zur Reinigung von Wasser |
ITRE20060056A1 (it) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-10 | Ufi Filters Spa | Filtro per la potabilizzazione dell'acqua e relativo metodo di realizzazione |
WO2008110165A1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | Vestergaard Sa | Microporous filter with a halogen source |
US20080302713A1 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Gilbert Patrick | Antimicrobial filter cartridge |
JP2012213689A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Panasonic Corp | 水処理材及び水処理装置 |
US20140339148A1 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-11-20 | Goodrich Corporation | Silver-coated nanofibers fabrics for pathogen removal filtration |
DE102013021071A1 (de) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-18 | Mann + Hummel Gmbh | Filtermedium, Filterelement und Filteranordnung |
EP3281695A1 (de) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-02-14 | Freie Universität Berlin | Filtrierungsvorrichtung |
-
2020
- 2020-07-06 EP EP20184124.4A patent/EP3935946A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-07-06 EP EP21740031.6A patent/EP4081039A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-06 WO PCT/EP2021/068683 patent/WO2022008520A1/de unknown
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WO2022008520A1 (de) | 2022-01-13 |
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