Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/64—Macromolecular compounds not provided for by groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/63
  • C08G18/6492—Lignin containing materials; Wood resins; Wood tars; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

• the subject of the invention is a method of producing new bio-components based on hydroxy-like polyols from plant biomass, which are soft and/or hardwood and bark from soft and hardwood, used in the construction, furniture, and automotive industries.
• the chemical components of wood have the character of organic compounds, which can be divided into two groups: the components that make up the cell walls (structural substances) and the components that fill or penetrate the cell walls (non- structural or by-products). Structural components make up about 95% of the wood substance.
• the individual chemical components of wood are bonded to each other with various chemical bonds, such as oxygen bridges, ester bonds or short tri-carbon chains, as well as physical bonds.
• Table 1 shows the average chemical composition of wood and bark taking into account its occurrence - the state of the art.
• wood biomass includes cellulose (40-55%), hemicellulose (20-35%), and lignin (15-30%).
• the decomposition of the biomass structure is a complicated process due to the difficult process of degradation of the polymeric structures that make up the biomass.
• Cellulose is the most difficult to decompose because its fibrous structure consist covalent and hydrogen bonds.
• hemicellulose which is a compound made up of sugars, is easier to hydrolyze.
• Lignin which is a product of the condensation of phenolic alcohols, undergoes hydrolysis processes in a more troublesome way than cellulose and hemicellulose due to the presence of carbon and ether bonds.
• biomass must be subjected to one of the following thermochemical transformations: direct combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, or liquefaction.
• Liquefaction is a low-temperature process based on solvolution reactions. This process results in the formation of smaller particles or fragments which are soluble in water or a suitable solvent. These low molecular fragments are characterized by low durability and high reactivity, which allows them to react again and obtain oil compounds of different molecular weight ranges. Products obtained in this way can be successfully used in the production of polyurethane materials, epoxy, and phenolic resins and adhesives.
• In the biomass of softwood and hardwood and bark of softwood and hardwood there are components containing hydroxyl groups. Presence of this groups can be used in reactions with isocyanates, which lead to the formation of urethane bonds, which are characteristic for polyurethane materials.
• alcohols are used as solvent: methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and/or diols of the group: ethane- 1,2-diol, propane- 1, 3 -diol, propane- 1,2-diol, butane- 1,3- diol, butane- 1,4-diol, butane-2, 3-diol and/or 2,2'-oxydietanol and/or propane- 1, 2, 3-triol and/or butane-1,2,3, 4-tetraol (erythritol) and/or pentane-l,2,3,4,5-pentaol (ribitol) and/or polyhydroxy alcohols poly(ethylene oxide) and/or ethylene carbonate and/or glycerine liquid and/or raw glycerine.
• Brewing grains are preferably used as lignin-cellulose biomass.
• the way of producing new bio-components according to the invention is based on the fact that the biomass of wood - softwood, hardwood, softwood bark, hardwood bark, is subjected to the reaction of solvolysis - liquefaction, in the presence of a solvent such as alcohols, glycols and reaction catalysts - acid or alkaline catalysts, acidic and then alkaline catalyst or basic and then acidic catalyst.
• a solvent such as alcohols, glycols and reaction catalysts - acid or alkaline catalysts, acidic and then alkaline catalyst or basic and then acidic catalyst.
• thermochemical process of sowolysis in the presence of solvents and catalyst is used.
• a substrate - biomass with specific grain size, a catalyst, process time, and reaction temperature were selected.
• This biomass contains cellulose from 40% to 55% and/or lignin from 15% to 30% and/or hemicellulose from 20 to 35% and/or resins from 0.1% to 15% and/or resin acids from 0.1% to 10% and/or polyphenols from 0.1% to 5% and/or minerals: silica, oxalate, calcium carbonate from 0.01% to 5% of the total biomass.
• the following parameters were developed: application of the thermochemical process of solvolysis using temperature from 80 to 300°C, time from 60 to 600 min, biomass content from 1 to 50% by weight in relation to the solvent, and biomass grain size from 50 pm to 800 pm.
• the catalyst is used in the amount from 0.01 to 20% of the weight of the solvent used.
• a catalyst in the form of acid or alkali or both simultaneously can be used in this process.
• Softwood and/or hardwood or softwood and/or hardwood bark with a grain size of preferably 60 to 360 pm is used as biomass.
• the amount of solvent or mixture of solvents with an amount of biomass preferably 10-30%, with a catalyst in the amount preferably 1 to 10% of the weight.
• the process is carried out at a temperature preferably between 120 and 170C, and at a time preferably between 60 and 360 minutes.
• a solvent or several solvents such as: methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, dioles such as ethane- 1,2-diol, propane- 1,3-diol, propane- 1,2-diol, butane- 1,3-diol, butane- 1,4-diol, butane-2, 3-diol, 2,2'-oxydiethanol, and propane- 1,2, 3 -triol, butane-1, 2,3,4 - tetraol (erythritol), pentane-l,2,3,4,5-pentaol (ribitol), poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight between 200 and 6000 g/mol, ethylene carbonate, glycerine liquid, crude glycerine, water and phenol and mixtures thereof.
• solvents such as: methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentan
• biomass in amounts from 1 to 50% of the mass of solvents used.
• an acid catalyst alkaline catalyst, acid-base catalyst, or alkaline-acid catalyst is used.
• concentrated catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, trihydridonitrite (ammonia), sulphuric acid (IV), sulphuric acid (VI), orthophosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid (III), nitric acid (V), hydrochloric acid (III), hydrochloric acid (V), hydrochloric acid (VII) in quantities from 0.01 up to 10% by weight based on the solvent used.
• the advantage of new bio -components according to the invention is the possibility to obtain them in the process of thermochemical liquefaction in the presence of alkaline catalysts or acid catalysts and then alkaline and then acid catalysts, which enables high biomass conversions.
• the advantage of the invention is also the elimination of the final stage of purification of new bio-components from solid residues of the products of the solvolysis reaction with low-molecular-alcoholic reaction, which significantly affects the economics of the solvolysis process.
• solvolysis reactions various polyhydroxy alcohols (poly(ethylene oxide), ethylene oxide, ethylene carbonate, glycerol) are used as solvents.
• Cellulose, lignin, and other polysaccharides are decomposed by solvolysis into molecules such as glucose or other low molecular weight cellulose derivatives or lignin. These substances can then react with the solvent to produce new bio-components.
• Substances which undergo the most rapid solwolysis reaction are wood components such as: homopolymers and heteropolymers with amorphous structure (hemicellulose, hexosanes, pentosens, and pectins).
• hemicellulose, hexosanes, pentosens, and pectins wood components
• liquefaction of cellulose is considered to be the slowest stage limiting the total speed of the process due to a well- packed structure poorly accessible to the solvent.
• the choice of a suitable solvent is essential fo product properties Suitable solvent should not only lead to the rapid and efficient liquefaction of the biomass, but it must also have the desired physicochemical characteristics as a polyol.
• the example gives 1 000 g of the polyol with a hydroxyl number of 813 ⁇ 10 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 2,4 Pa-s.
• Example 2 To 1000 g of a mixture of crude glycerol and poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol at a ratio of 1 to 1, 200 g of hardwood biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm and 40 g H2SO4 are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 ° C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1100 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 630 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.03 Pa ⁇ s are obtained
• Example 3 To 1000 g poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 200 g softwood biomass (grain sizes 160-240 pm), and hardwood biomass (grain size of 160-240 pm) at a ratio of 1 to 1 and 40g H2SO4 are added. Then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. The whole mixture is then heated to 120 °C to remove the excess water.
• the example gives 1100 g of the polyol with a hydroxyl number of 530 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 1,05 Pa-s.
• Example 4 To 1000 g of a mixture of crude glycerine and poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 200 g soft and hard tree bark (grain size of 160-240 pm) at a ratio of 1 to 1 and 40 g H2SO4 are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove water. According to the example, 1100 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 730 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 1.65 Pa ⁇ s are obtained
• Example 5 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 100 g hardwood biomass, alder wood with the grain size of 60 to 150 pm and 30 g of H3PO4 catalyst are added and heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The obtained sawdust was sieved using screens of a specific size. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. The reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, giving a pH of 2. The pH must be increased and KOH is used for this purpose.
• the mixture is heated to 120 °C, under reduced pressure to remove excess water. This process is carried out until the mixture is stabilized.
• the example gives 1 000 g of the polyol with a hydroxyl number of 855 ⁇ 10 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 3,4 Pa-s.
• Example 6 To 1000 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 300 g softwood biomass, alder wood with with the grain size of 60 to 150 pm and 20 g of H3PO4 catalyst is added and heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The obtained sawdust was sieved using screens of a specific size. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. The reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, giving a pH of 2. The pH must be increased and KOH is used for this purpose. The mixture is heated to 120 °C, under reduced pressure to remove excess water. The example gives 1 000 g of the polyol with a hydroxyl number of 450 ⁇ 10 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 1,11 Pa-s.
• Example 7 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 100 g soft and hard tree bark (grain size of 240-360 pm) at a ratio of 1 to 1 and 20 g H2SO4 are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 900 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 750 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 2.4 Pa s is obtained.
• Example 8 To 1000 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 200 g soft and hard tree bark (grain size of 150-240 pm) at a ratio of 2 to 1 and 20 g of H2SO4 catalyst is added and heated gradually to 170 °C with stirring in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The obtained sawdust was sieved using screens of a specific size. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. The reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, giving a pH of 2.
• the pH must be increased and KOH is used for this purpose.
• the whole is then heated to 120 °C, under reduced pressure to remove excess water. This process is carried out until the mixture is stabilized.
• the example gives 1 100 g of the polyol with a hydroxyl number of 550 ⁇ 10 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 1,21 Pa-s.
• Example 9 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 100 g softwood biomass (alder wood - grain size of 60-150 pm), and 30 g orthophosphoric acid are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 120 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 600 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to this example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 813 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 2.4 Pa s is obtained
• Example 10 To 1000 g of a mixture of crude glycerol and poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol at a ratio of 1 to 1, 200 g softwood biomass from alder wood (grain size of 160-240 pm) and 40 g H SO are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1100 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 630 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.03 Pa ⁇ s are obtained
• Example 11 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 750 g of crude glycerol and 250 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 150 g of softwood biomass (alder wood with grain size of 240-360 pm) and 40 g orthophosphoric acid are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water.
• Example 12 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 250 g of crude glycerol and 750 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 200 g of softwood biomass (alder wood with grain size of 160-240 pm) and 40 g sulphuric acid (IV) are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler.
• Example 13 To 1000 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 200 g of softwood biomass (alder wood - grain size of 60-150 pm) and 30 g of orthophosphoric acid catalyst are added and heated while stirring, gradually to 120 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The obtained sawdust was sieved using screens of a specific size. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. The reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, giving a pH of 2.
• the pH must, therefore, be increased and KOH is used for this purpose.
• the mixture is then heated to 120 °C, under reduced pressure to remove excess water. This process is carried out until the mixture is stabilized.
• the example gives 1 000 g of the polyol with a hydroxyl number of 510 ⁇ 10 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 2,00 Pa-s.
• Example 14 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 100 g of hardwood biomass (oak - grain size of 60-150 pm), and 30 g orthophosphoric acid are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 750 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 2.4 Pa s is obtained
• Example 15 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 500 g of crude glycerol and 500 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 200 g of hardwood biomass, (oak - grain size of 160-240 mih) and 40 g sulphuric acid (IV) are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1100 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 630 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.03 Pa s is obtained
• Example 16 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 500 g of crude glycerol and 500 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 200 g of hardwood biomass, (oak - grain size of 240-360 pm) and 40 g sulphuric acid (IV) are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1100 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 630 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.5 Pa s is obtained
• Example 17 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 100 g soft tree bark biomass (alder), with the grain size of 240-360 pm, and 20 g sulphuric acid (IV) is added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 780 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 3.4 Pa s is obtained
• Example 18 To 1000 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 100 g of Hard tree bark biomass (oak - size of a grain 60-150 pm) and 40 g of orthophosphoric acid catalyst is added and heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. The reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, giving a pH of 2. The pH must, therefore, be increased and KOH is used for this purpose. The whole is then heated to 120 °C, under reduced pressure to remove excess water. The example gives 1 000 g of the polyol with a hydroxyl number of 550 ⁇ 10 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 1,21 Pa-s.
• Example 19 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 50 g soft tree bark biomass (alder) and 50 g hard tree bark biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm, and 20 g orthophosphoric acid are added. Mixture is heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 750 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.54 Pa s is obtained
• Example 20 To 1000 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 25 g soft tree bark biomass (alder) and 75 g hard tree bark biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm, and 40 g nitric acid (III) is added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 120 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 ° C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 740 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 2.34 Pa ⁇ s is obtained
• Example 21 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 500 g of crude glycerol and 500 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 75 g soft tree bark biomass (alder) and 25 g hard tree bark biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm and 40 g orthophosphoric acid are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water.
• reaction time 240 min the formation of distillate condensate ceases
• Example 22 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 25 g softwood biomass (alder) and 75 g hardwood biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm, and 40 g nitric acid (V) are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 800 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.44 Pa s is obtained
• Example 23 To 1000 g of poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 50 g softwood biomass (alder) and 50 g hardwood biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm, and 40 g sulfuric acid (VI) is added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 ° C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 490 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.01 Pa s is obtained
• Example 24 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 500 g of crude glycerol and 500 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 50 g softwood biomass (alder) and 50 g hardwood biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm, and 40 g sulfuric acid (VI) is added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water. According to the example, 1000 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 580 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.21 Pa s is obtained
• Example 25 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 500 g of crude glycerol and 500 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 100 g of the mixture consisting of softwood biomass (alder), hardwood biomass (oak), soft tree bark biomass (alder), hard tree bark biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm, and 40 g sulfuric acid (VI) are added, then gradually heated while stirring to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 240 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7.
• Example 26 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 750 g of crude glycerol and 250 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 100 g of the mixture composed of softwood biomass (alder), hardwood biomass (oak), soft tree bark biomass (alder), hard tree bark biomass (oak) with the grain size of 370-590 pm and 40 g orthophosphoric acid are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7.
• Example 27 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 250 g of crude glycerol and 750 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 100 g of the mixture composed of softwood biomass (alder), hardwood biomass (oak), soft tree bark biomass (alder), hard tree bark biomass (oak) with the grain size of 600-800 pm and 40 g sulfuric acid (VI) are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of KOH aqueous solution is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7.
• Example 28 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 250 g hardwood biomass (oak) with the grain size of 160-240 pm, and 20 g potassium hydroxide are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 300 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and 2 M of H2SO4 is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7.
• Example 29 To 1000 g of a mixture formed by mixing 500 g of crude glycerol and 500 g of poly (ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, 400 g of softwood biomass (alder) with the grain size of 50-160 pm and 20 g sulfuric acid (VI) are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. After 120 min, the mixture was cooled to 50°C and 20 g of potassium hydroxide were added and reheated to 150°C.
• 400 g of softwood biomass (alder) with the grain size of 50-160 pm and 20 g sulfuric acid (VI) After 120 min, the mixture was cooled to 50°C and 20 g of potassium hydroxide were added and reheated to 150°C.
• reaction time 240 min After which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7. Then it is heated to the temperature of 120 °C to remove excess water.
• reaction time 240 min 1300 g of a polyol with a hydroxyl number of 540 mgKOH / g and a viscosity of 2.15 Pa ⁇ s is obtained
• Example 30 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 250 g of the mixture composed of softwood biomass (alder), hardwood biomass (oak), soft and hard tree bark biomass with the grain size of 400-600 pm and 20 g potassium hydroxide are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 150 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. After 120 min, the mixture was cooled to 45°C and 20 g of sulfuric acid (VI) were added and reheated to 150°C. The process is carried out until the formation of distillate condensate ceases (reaction time 360 min), after which the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7.
• reaction time 360 min After 120 min, the mixture is cooled to 50 °C and sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide is added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7.
• Example 31 To 1000 g of crude glycerol, 250 g of the mixture consisting of softwood biomass (alder), hardwood biomass (oak), soft and hard tree bark biomass with the grain size of 400-600 pm and 40 g potassium hydroxide are added, then heated while stirring, gradually to 170 °C in a reactor equipped with a distillation cooler. After 60 min, the mixture was cooled to 50°C and sulfuric acid are added until the mixture reaches a pH of 7.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Polyethers (AREA)
• Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=72179131

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

• 2019
  • 2019-12-12 PL PL432186A patent/PL432186A1/pl unknown
• 2020
  • 2020-06-17 EP EP20760574.2A patent/EP4073147A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-06-17 WO PCT/PL2020/000056 patent/WO2021118372A1/en unknown

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events