EP4073077A1 - Hydrosilylierbare mischung mit starken elektronendonoren als katalysatoradditiv - Google Patents
Hydrosilylierbare mischung mit starken elektronendonoren als katalysatoradditivInfo
- Publication number
- EP4073077A1 EP4073077A1 EP19820744.1A EP19820744A EP4073077A1 EP 4073077 A1 EP4073077 A1 EP 4073077A1 EP 19820744 A EP19820744 A EP 19820744A EP 4073077 A1 EP4073077 A1 EP 4073077A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- substituted
- radicals
- unsubstituted
- heterocyclic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 alkylheteroaryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 80
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 17
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- GJWHXWMUGWZNTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropane Chemical compound [CH2]C(C)(C)C GJWHXWMUGWZNTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- PSXUKPCAIKETHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[3-[4-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy]propoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2NCCN=2)C=CC=1OCCCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=NCCN1 PSXUKPCAIKETHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100029579 Diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 101710153356 mRNA-decapping protein g5R Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyne Chemical compound CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100030361 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) pph-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-yne Chemical compound CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-QXMHVHEDSA-N cis-stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000006514 pyridin-2-ylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(=N1)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002366 time-of-flight method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexadiene Natural products CC=CCC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSKZQYUZCFGIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,2-n-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1CNC1=CC=CC=C1NCC1=CC=CC=N1 SSKZQYUZCFGIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethenylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZNLPQRGINDQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)CNC(C(CCC1=NC=CC=C1)=CC=C1)=C1N Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CNC(C(CCC1=NC=CC=C1)=CC=C1)=C1N DIZNLPQRGINDQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006113 GeCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150034699 Nudt3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003849 O-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003872 O—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NELRINSZCVVEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-ethenyl-methylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](Cl)C=C NELRINSZCVVEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptene Chemical compound C1CCC=CCC1 ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGTZBTUOZOIOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(ethenyl)silicon Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)C=C KGTZBTUOZOIOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBMGMUODZNQAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(prop-2-enyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)CC=C ZBMGMUODZNQAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XVSBWQYHSLNOCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(dimethyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)C=C XVSBWQYHSLNOCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWGZAKPJNWCPRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)(C)C SWGZAKPJNWCPRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- JWAJUTZQGZBKFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC=C JWAJUTZQGZBKFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930015698 phenylpropene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003077 quantum chemistry computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/30—Germanium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/123—Organometallic polymers, e.g. comprising C-Si bonds in the main chain or in subunits grafted to the main chain
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/123—Organometallic polymers, e.g. comprising C-Si bonds in the main chain or in subunits grafted to the main chain
- B01J31/124—Silicones or siloxanes or comprising such units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0825—Preparations of compounds not comprising Si-Si or Si-cyano linkages
- C07F7/0827—Syntheses with formation of a Si-C bond
- C07F7/0829—Hydrosilylation reactions
Definitions
- the present invention discloses a hydrosilylatable mixture M which, in addition to the hydrosilylation catalyst, contains at least one strong electron donor. Furthermore, N-heterocyclic germylenes are disclosed as strong electron donors, as well as a process for the preparation of siloxanes in the presence of at least one
- the hydrosilylation of olefins is a globally important reaction for the production of silicon-containing raw products, such as siloxanes and silicones, which are widely used in the form of polymer materials, crosslinkers or industrial adhesives.
- silicon-containing raw products such as siloxanes and silicones
- the Karstedt catalyst mostly used for this purpose generally has a very high activity, the selectivity of the reaction and thus the yield of target product being in a range of 50-80%, depending on the conditions. For this reason, improving the selectivity of the reaction offers enormous potential for saving resources and financial means. By improving the selectivity, fewer by-products are formed in production, which would have to be separated from the product in a laborious manner.
- a disadvantage of this procedure is that the complexes used are initially produced in a laborious manner by reacting Karstedt's catalyst with the respective ligand and have to be cleaned in order to then be used as a catalyst.
- the catalytically active species is only formed in situ by the dissociation of a ligand. The preparative effort therefore makes these complexes unattractive for industrial applications.
- NeoGe The germylene [1,2- (tBuCfhN) 2C6H4] Ge (hereinafter called NeoGe) is already known from J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2000, 3094-3099, but not in connection with Pt (0) -catalyzed hydrosilylation .
- the invention relates to N - heterocyclic germylenes of the general formula (I), (I) r in which applies to the radicals R 1 and R 2 :
- radicals R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-bonded alkyl heteroaryl radicals having a total of 1-30 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; or
- the radical R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-bonded alkyl heteroaryl radical having a total of 1-30 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen
- the radical R 2 is selected from (i) unsubstituted aliphatic Ci- C2o hydrocarbon radical, and (ii) substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-bonded alkylaryl radical with a total of 1-30 carbon atoms; substituted means in each case that at least one hydrogen atom of the alkylaryl or alkylheteroaryl radical is replaced by a Ci-Cio hydrocarbon radical.
- radicals R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-bonded alkyl heteroaryl radicals having a total of 1-30 carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen atom; or
- the radical R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-bonded alkyl heteroaryl radical having a total of 1-30 carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen atom, and the radical R 2 is selected from unsubstituted aliphatic Ci C2o hydrocarbon radicals; substituted means in each case that at least one hydrogen atom of the alkylheteroaryl radical is replaced by a Ci-Cio hydrocarbon radical.
- radicals R 1 and R 2 in formula (I) a) the radicals R 1 and R 2 are identical and an unsubstituted or substituted pyridin-2-ylmethyl radical, substituted means that at least one hydrogen atom of the pyridine ring is by a Ci-Cio hydrocarbon radical is replaced; or (b) the radical R 1 is an unsubstituted or substituted pyridin-2-ylmethyl radical, where substituted means that at least one hydrogen atom of the pyridine ring has been replaced by a Ci-Cio hydrocarbon radical, and the radical R 2 is a neopentyl radical.
- radicals R 1 and R 2 are identical and are an unsubstituted pyridin-2-ylmethyl radical; or
- the radical R 1 is an unsubstituted pyridin-2-ylmethyl radical, and the radical R 2 is a neopentyl radical.
- Very particularly preferred compounds of the formula (I) are the following germylenes
- the invention further provides a hydrosilylatable mixture M comprising a) at least one compound A having at least one hydrogen atom bonded directly to a silicon atom; b) at least one compound B which contains at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond; c) at least one hydrosilylation catalyst, and d) at least one strong electron donor as a catalyst additive.
- strong electron donors are to be understood as meaning good sigma donors.
- phosphines, amines, carbon monoxide and low-valent compounds of main group 14 such as carbenes, silylenes and germylenes are known as strong electron donors.
- the donor strength can often be determined experimentally by spectroscopic analysis of corresponding transition metal complexes (e.g. changing CO vibrations with IR Spectroscopy).
- transition metal complexes e.g. changing CO vibrations with IR Spectroscopy.
- quantum chemical calculations are primarily used to analyze the bond geometry and energy.
- the strong electron donor is preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphines, carbenes, silylenes and germylenes.
- the strong electron donor is particularly preferably selected from N - heterocyclic germylenes of the general formula (I ') where the radicals R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, where substituted means that at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
- the strong electron donor is very particularly preferably selected from the N-heterocyclic germylenes according to the invention of the general formula (I) and the preferred radicals R 1 and R 2 described there . Most preferably, the strong electron donor is selected from the compounds N3Ge and N4Ge described above.
- the compound A is preferably at least one compound selected from (al) compounds of the general formula (II)
- a CH 2 group can be represented by - O -,
- R 2 is selected independently of one another from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C O - alkyl radical, C 6 -Ci 4 ⁇ aryl radical, and C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl radical; and or
- R x are independently selected from the group consisting of (i) halogen, (ii) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-C 2 o ⁇ hydrocarbon residue, and (iii) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-C 2 o -hydrocarbonoxy residue, where substituted in each case means that the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy radical is independent of one another has at least one of the following substitutions:
- a hydrogen atom can be replaced
- the mixture M preferably contains at least one compound A, which also includes mixtures of compounds of the general formula (II) and / or mixtures of compounds of the general formula (II ').
- the radicals R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are preferably selected independently of one another from the group consisting of (i) hydrogen, (ii) chlorine, (iii) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-Ci2 hydrocarbon radical, and (iv) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-Ci2 -hydrocarbonoxy radical, where sub has the same meaning as before; and in formula (II ') the radicals R x are preferably selected independently of one another from the group consisting of chlorine, Ci-C 6 -alkyl radical, C2-C ö -alkenyl radical, phenyl, and Ci-C 6 -alkoxy radical, and the Indices a, b, b ', c, c', c '', d, d ', d'',d''' are selected independently of one another from an integer in the range from 0 to 1,000.
- the radicals R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are particularly preferably selected independently of one another from the group consisting of (i) hydrogen, (ii) chlorine, (iii) C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical, (iv) C 2 - C ö -alkenyl radical, (v) phenyl, and (vi) Ci-C ö -alkoxy radical; and the radicals R x in formula (II ') are particularly preferably selected independently of one another from the group consisting of chlorine, methyl, methoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, n-propyl, n-propoxy and phenyl, and the indices a, b , b ', c, c', c '', d, d ', d'',d''' are independently selected from an integer in the range from 0 to 1,000.
- radicals R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in formula (II) and the radicals R x in formula (II ') are very particularly preferably selected independently of one another from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, methoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, n-Propyl, n-Propoxy, and Phe nyl, and the indices a, b, b ', c, c', c ", d, d ', d", d "" are preferably selected independently of one another an integer in the range 0 to 1,000.
- a mixture of compounds of the formula (II ') is present in particular in the case of polysiloxanes.
- the individual compounds of the mixture are not given for polysiloxanes, but an average formula (II 'a) similar to formula (II') is given:
- the compound B is preferably at least one compound selected from
- R 4 R 5 C CR 6 R 7 (III), and / or
- - COOR 2 can be replaced, a CH2 group can be replaced by - O -, - S - or - NR 2 -, and a C atom can be replaced by a Si atom, where R z is in each case independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, CI-C ⁇ - alkyl, C6-Ci4-aryl, and C2 ⁇ C6-alkenyl, and wherein m and n are independently an integer in the range from 0 to 100,000, with the proviso that in the connection contains at least a remainder of MB.
- the mixture M contains at least one compound B, whereby mixtures of compounds of the general formula (III) and / or mixtures of compounds of the general formula (III ') and / or mixtures of compounds of the general formula (III' ') are included.
- Organosilicon radical in formula (III ') denotes a compound with at least one direct Si-C bond in the molecule.
- R x are independently selected from the group consisting of (i) hydrogen, (ii) halogen, (iii) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-C2o ⁇ hydrocarbon rest, and (iv) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-C 2 o-Koh- lenwasserstoffoxyest, where substituted means in each case that the hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl oxyrest independently of one another has at least one of the following substitutions:
- a hydrogen atom can be replaced by halogen
- a CH 2 -Group can be replaced by - O - or - NR Z -
- the radicals R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are particularly preferably selected independently of one another from the group consisting of (i) hydrogen, (ii) - C ⁇ N, (iii) Organosilicon radical selected from the general formula (purple), in which the radicals R x are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, C1-C6-alkyl radical, C2-C6-alkenyl radical, phenyl and Ci-C 6 -alkoxy radical; (iv) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-C ö -hydrocarbyl radical, and (v) unsubstituted or substituted Ci-C 6 -kohydrocarbonoxy radical, where substituted means in each case that the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy radical independently of one another has at least one of the following substitutions : a hydrogen atom can be replaced by chlorine, - CHN, - O-CH2- (CH
- Examples of compounds of the formula (III '') are R x 3 Si-0 [-SiR x 2 -0] m - [Si (MB) 2 -0] 1-100ooo-SiR x 3 ,
- Examples of compounds B are ethylene, propylene, 1-butylene, 2-butylene, isoprene, 1,5-hexadiene, cyclohexene, dodecene, cycloheptene, norbornene, norbornadiene, indene, cyclooctadiene, Styrene, a-methylstyrene, 1,1-diphenylethylene, cis-stilbene, trans-stilbene, 1,4-divinylbenzene, allylbenzene,
- the compound A and the compound B are present in one molecule.
- examples of such molecules are vinyldimethylsilane, allyldimethylsilane, vinyl methylchlorosilane and vinyldichlorosilane.
- any catalyst known to the person skilled in the art for hydrosilylation can be used as the hydrosilylation catalyst. Preference is given to noble metal catalysts, such as platinum, palladium, iridium or rhodium catalysts. Pt (0) species are particularly preferably used as the catalyst. Any Pt (0) catalyst known to the person skilled in the art for hydrosilylation can be used as Pt (0) species; Karstedt's catalyst is preferred. The amount of Pt (0) species can be freely selected by the person skilled in the art; the Pt (0) species is usually used in a content of 1 ppm to 500 ppm [Pt].
- the molar ratio of Pt (0) species to N - heterocyclic germylene is usually in a range from 1: 0.1 to 1:10.
- the molar ratio of Pt (0) species to N - heterocyclic germylene is preferably in a range from 1: 1 to 1: 5, particularly preferably in a range from 1: 1 to 1: 2.
- the invention also provides a process for the production of siloxanes, comprising the following steps: a) production of a hydrosilylatable mixture M according to the invention by bringing the individual components into contact, and b) reaction of the hydrosilylatable mixture M at a temperature in the range from 25 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from 80-150.degree.
- the reaction is particularly preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from 100-150.degree.
- the invention also relates to the use of phosphines, carbenes, silylenes and germylenes as catalyst additives in noble metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation, in particular in platinum (0) -catalyzed hydrosilylation.
- a use is preferred in which the germylene is an N-heterocyclic germylene of the general formula (I ') where the radicals R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, where substituted means that at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
- the method according to the invention is what is known as additive catalysis. This means that strong electron donors are only used as additives
- Hydrosilylation catalyst eg Pt (0) species such as Karstedt's catalyst
- Pt (0) species such as Karstedt's catalyst
- the reaction characteristics such as, for example, speed, selectivity or yield, can be influenced. It is not necessary to synthesize and isolate a catalyst-donor complex in order to use it as a catalytically active species.
- Figure 2 N-heterocyclic germylenes used as an additive.
- Karstedt's catalyst is most frequently used as a Pt (0) species for the hydrosilylation.
- the product yield when using Karstedt's catalyst is significantly negative influenced by the formation and agglomeration of colloidal platinum during the catalytic reaction.
- the formation of the latter can be suppressed by using coordinating ligands.
- the compounds already presented in Figure 1 benefit from this effect. It should also be mentioned that the use of additional coordinating elements in the ligand system (multiple coordinating, chelating ligands) increases the stability of a
- the catalytically active species must first be formed from the coordinatively stabilized platinum complexes. With strong coordination of a ligand or with strong stabilization of the coordination compound, considerable initiation phases can occur.
- the use of N-heterocyclic germylenes with variable side arms enables high electronic flexibility at the metal center and thus rapid and selective catalysis. As shown below, in the catalytic hydrosilylation with Karstedt's catalyst when using strong electron donors and in particular NHGe as an additive, very high selectivities can be achieved, among other things, even at elevated temperatures. This represents a considerable improvement, since it enables a high yield to be achieved in a relatively short time. 1. Preparation of N-heterocyclic germylenes (NHGe) a) N3Ge
- N, N'-neopentyl (pyridin-2-yl ethyl) -1,2-diaminobenzene (912 mg, 3.39 mmol, 1.0 eq.)
- DABCO (399 mg, 3.55 mmol , 1.1 eq.) Dissolved in 15 L dry and degassed THF.
- GeCl4 (402 m ⁇ , 755 mg, 3.52 mmol,
- the catalytic reaction is the hydrosilylation of 1-octene (375 mg, 3.34 mmol,
- TOF turnover frequency
- Table 4 Yield of the catalysis using 2 equivalents of N3Ge and N4Ge at 70 ° C, 100 ° C and 130 ° C.
- N-heterocyclic germylenes as a catalyst additive slows down the reaction, but also increases the selectivity.
- the addition of more additive intensifies this effect.
- reaction conditions here temperature and addition of catalyst additive, in particular N-heterocyclic germylenes, can be combined as desired in order to set the optimum reaction conditions for the hydrosilylation.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/EP2019/084652 WO2021115586A1 (de) | 2019-12-11 | 2019-12-11 | Hydrosilylierbare mischung mit starken elektronendonoren als katalysatoradditiv |
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| US (1) | US20230030626A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4073077A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2023506460A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20220113483A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114901668A (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20070010199A (ko) * | 2004-05-20 | 2007-01-22 | 제너럴 일렉트릭 캄파니 | 할로유기알콕시실란의 제조 방법 |
| US10442825B2 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2019-10-15 | Elkem Silicones France Sas | Method of hydrosilylation implementing an organic catalyst derived from germylene |
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2019
- 2019-12-11 KR KR1020227023599A patent/KR20220113483A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2019-12-11 EP EP19820744.1A patent/EP4073077A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-12-11 WO PCT/EP2019/084652 patent/WO2021115586A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-11 US US17/784,116 patent/US20230030626A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-12-11 JP JP2022535534A patent/JP2023506460A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-12-11 CN CN201980102919.2A patent/CN114901668A/zh not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20070010199A (ko) * | 2004-05-20 | 2007-01-22 | 제너럴 일렉트릭 캄파니 | 할로유기알콕시실란의 제조 방법 |
| US10442825B2 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2019-10-15 | Elkem Silicones France Sas | Method of hydrosilylation implementing an organic catalyst derived from germylene |
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| See also references of WO2021115586A1 * |
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| CN114901668A (zh) | 2022-08-12 |
| JP2023506460A (ja) | 2023-02-16 |
| WO2021115586A1 (de) | 2021-06-17 |
| US20230030626A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
| WO2021115586A8 (de) | 2022-07-21 |
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