Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
  • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
  • A61F9/00781—Apparatus for modifying intraocular pressure, e.g. for glaucoma treatment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
  • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
  • A61F9/013—Instruments for compensation of ocular refraction ; Instruments for use in cornea removal, for reshaping or performing incisions in the cornea
  • A61F9/0133—Knives or scalpels specially adapted therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an ophthalmic knife and methods of its use for treatment of various conditions including eye diseases, such as glaucoma, using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
• An ophthalmic knife can be used for cutting the tissues within the eye, for example, a trabecular meshwork (TM).
• TM trabecular meshwork
• This invention also relates to surgical medicinal intervention.
• the present invention relates to a microsurgical device and methods of its use for treatment of various medical conditions including but not limited to eye diseases, such as glaucoma, using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
• some surgical procedures require removal of a strip of tissue of a known width from an anatomical location within the body of a patient.
• One surgical procedure wherein a strip of tissue of a known width is removed from an anatomical location within the body of a patient is an ophthalmological procedure used to treat glaucoma. This ophthalmological procedure is sometimes referred to as a goniotomy.
• a gomoctomy procedure a device that is operative to cut or ablate a strip of tissue of approximately 2-10 mm m length or more and about 50-200 ⁇ in width is inserted into the anterior chamber of the eye and used to remove a full thickness strip of tissue from the trabecular meshwork.
• the present invention relates to an ophthalmic knife and methods of its use for treatment of various conditions including eye diseases, such as glaucoma, using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
• An ophthalmic knife can be used for cutting the tissues within the eye, for example, a trabecular meshwork (TM).
• TM trabecular meshwork
• This invention also relates to surgical medicinal intervention.
• the present invention relates to a. micros urgical device and methods of its use for treatment of various medical conditions including but not limited to eye diseases, such as glaucoma, using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
• the present invention contemplates a dual platform/dualblade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle connected to a shaft, said shaft connected to a first platform and a second platform, said first platform comprising a first and second blade and a first anterior blade tip and said second platform comprising a third and fourth blade and a second anterior blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a retractable blade tip.
• said first and second anterior blade tips are retractable blade tips, in one embodiment, the anterior blade tip is a wedge blade tip.
• the first blade and a second blade are attached to a first lateral side and a second lateral side (respectively) of the first platform.
• the third blade and a fourth blade are attached to a third lateral side and a fourth lateral side (respectively) of the second platform.
• the first platform and second platform are configured at a 180° angle.
• said blade tips comprise right triangles.
• said right triangle follows the Pythagoras' theorem formula (a 2 + b 2 c 2 ) wherein the sides of said tip comprise length a and b and the length of the hypotenuse is c.
• said platforms each comprises a ramp. In one embodiment, said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades.
• said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades that are positioned above the level of the TM.
• the first and second platform are offset.
• the first platform and second platform are parallel.
• the first platform comprises a first ramp increasing in depth extending from the first anterior blade tip to a first posterior end.
• the second platform comprises a second ramp increasing in depth extending from the second anterior blade tip to a second posterior end.
• the first and second blades are parallel.
• the first and second blade are at an angle.
• the platform comprises an annular cutting edge.
• the third and fourth blades are parallel. In one embodiment, the third and fourth blades are at an angle.
• the first platform comprises an annular cutting edge.
• the second platform comprises an annular cutting edge.
• the first and second lateral blades are retractable and attached within a first and second platform cavity (respectively).
• the third and fourth lateral blades are retractable and attached within a third and fourth platform cavity (respectively).
• the handle comprises a lateral blade actuator switch in operable communication with the first, second, third and fourth platform cavities, in one embodiment, the platform further comprises a grasping feature.
• said parallel dual platforms can be actuated to come together to grasp tissue, in one embodiment, the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wherein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the grasping feature is made of a shape-memory material that is retractable into a lumen of the device.
• the platform further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the multi-blade device.
• the multi-blade device further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within said handle, shaft and platform.
• the lumen comprises an exit port in said platform. In one embodiment, the exit port is on the top surface of the platform.
• the exit port is on the bottom surface of the platform.
• the lumen comprises an entry port in said handle.
• the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid.
• the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid.
• the platform further comprises a through-hole extending from the top surface to the posterior end.
• the handle is curved.
• the device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system.
• the width of the platform is approximately 150-180 microns.
• the platform is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow or any combination thereof.
• the platform comprises a concave bottom surface.
• the shaft comprises an annular ring.
• the platform further comprises at least one heating element.
• the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present invention contemplates a quad-blade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle connected to a shaft, said shaft connected to a platform comprising four cutting blades and an anterior blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a retractable blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a wedge blade tip.
• the platform comprises a first blade and a second blade attached to a first lateral side and a second lateral side (respectively) of the platform.
• said blade tip comprises a right triangle.
• said platform comprises a ramp.
• said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades.
• said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades that are positioned above the level of the TM.
• the shaft further comprises a third blade and a fourth blade attached to a first lateral side and a second lateral side (respectively) of the shaft.
• the third and fourth blade are slidably engaged with the shaft.
• the handle comprises a compressible material that contacts said third and fourth blades.
• the shaft is connected to a second quad-blade knife positioned at a 180° angle from the first quad-blade knife.
• the shaft is connected to a second quad-blade knife position in parallel to the first quad-blade knife.
• the platform comprises a ramp increasing in depth extending from the anterior blade tip to the posterior end.
• the first and second blades are parallel.
• the first and second blade are at an angle.
• the platform comprises an annular cutting edge.
• the first and second lateral blades are retractable and attached within a first and second platform cavity (respectively).
• the handle comprises a lateral blade actuator switch in operable communication with the first and second platform cavities.
• the platform further comprises a grasping feature.
• the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wherein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the platform further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the multi-blade device.
• the multi- blade device further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within said handle, shaft and platform.
• the lumen comprises an exit port in said platform.
• the exit port is on the top surface of the platform.
• the exit port is on the bottom surface of the platform.
• the lumen comprises an entry port in said handle.
• the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid.
• the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid.
• the platform further comprises a through-hole extending from the top surface to the posterior end.
• the handle is curved.
• the device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system.
• the width of the platform is approximately 150-180 microns.
• the platform is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow or any combination thereof In one embodiment, the platform comprises a concave bottom surface. In one embodiment, the shaft comprises an annular ring. In one embodiment, the platform further comprises at least one heating element. In one embodiment, the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present invention contemplates an ultrasonic ophthalmic knife comprises a handle, shaft, an anterior blade tip, and platform wherein the platform comprises an ultrasonic emitter and a footplate protecting surrounding tissue from the ultrasonic blades.
• the ultrasonic emitter anterior blade tip vibrates in a fixed frequency when the device is actuated.
• both longitudinal and lateral motions are possible for the tip.
• said ultrasonic emitter has adjustable power settings. In one embodiment, said power settings are optimized to minimize the application of heat during use.
• the ultrasonic knife aiiow3 ⁇ 4 for tissue cutting while reducing the need to pre-stretch or tension tissue.
• the knife tip vibrates in a fixed frequency when the device is actuated.
• the anterior blade tip is a wedge blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a retractable blade tip.
• said blade tip comprises a right triangle.
• said platform comprises a ramp. In one embodiment, said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades.
• the platform further comprises a grasping feature.
• the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wherein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the platform further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the ultrasonic knife.
• the ultrasonic device further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within said handle, shaft and platform. In one embodiment, the lumen comprises an exit port, in said platform.
• the exit port is on the top surface of the platform. In one embodiment, the exit port is on the bottom surface of the platform. In one embodiment, the lumen comprises an entry port in said handle. In one embodiment, the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid, in one embodiment, the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid. In one embodiment, the platform further comprises a through-hole extending from the top surface to the posterior end. in one embodiment, the handle is curved, in one embodiment, the ultrasonic device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system, in one embodiment, the width of the platform is approximately 150-180 microns. In one embodiment, the platform is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the platform comprises a concave bottom surface. In one embodiment, the shaft comprises an annular ring. In one embodiment, the platform further comprises at least one heating element. In one embodiment, the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present invention contemplates a pincer ophthalmic knife comprising a handle connected to a shaft, sard shaft connected to a lower platform and an upper platform.
• the lower platform comprises an anterior blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a wedge blade tip.
• the shaft and the upper platform are connected by a hinge.
• the lower platform comprises a first lateral side attached to a first blade and a second lateral side attached to a second blade.
• the upper platform comprises a first slot and a second slot, wherein the first and second slots are positioned above said first and second blades.
• the lower platform further comprises an anterior blade tip.
• said blade tip comprises a right triangle.
• said platform comprises a ramp.
• said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades.
• said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades that are positioned above the level of the TM.
• the lower platform is at least 8 mm in length.
• the platform further comprises a grasping feature.
• the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wherein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the platform further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the pincer ophthalmic knife.
• the pincer ophthalmic knife device further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within said handle, shaft and platform.
• the lumen comprises an exit port m said platform, in one embodiment, the exit port is on the top surface of the platform. In one embodiment, the exit port is on the bottom surface of the platform.
• the lumen comprises an entry port m said handle. In one embodiment, the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid. In one embodiment, the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid. In one embodiment, the platform further comprises a through-hole extending from the top surface to the posterior end. In one embodiment, the handle is curved. In one embodiment, the pincer ophthalmic knife device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system. In one embodiment, the width of the platform is approximately 150-180 microns. In one embodiment, the platform is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow 7 or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the platform comprises a concave bottom surface. In one embodiment, the shaft comprises an annular ring. In one embodiment, the platform further comprises at least one heating element. In one embodiment, the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present invention contemplates a gripping ophthalmic knife comprising a handle connected to a shaft, said shaft comprises an first lateral alligator clip and a second lateral alligator clip, a platform connected to the shaft, said platform comprising a first lateral blade and a second lateral blade, and an anterior blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a wedge blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a retractable blade tip.
• said blade tip comprises a right triangle.
• said platform comprises a ramp.
• said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades.
• said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades that are positioned above the level of the TM.
• the first lateral blade and the second lateral blade are attached to a first lateral side and a second lateral side (respectively) of the platform.
• the first lateral alligator clip comprises a first serrated jaw and a second serrated jaw.
• the second lateral alligator clip comprises a first serrated jaw and a second serrated jaw.
• the first and second serrated jaw3 ⁇ 4 of the first lateral alligator clip are hinged.
• the first and second serrated jaw3 ⁇ 4 of the second lateral alligator clip are hinged.
• the handle comprises a compressible material that contacts said first and second alligator clips.
• the platform further comprises a grasping feature.
• the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wlierein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the platform further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the multi-blade device.
• the multi-blade device further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within said handle, shaft and platform.
• the lumen comprises an exit port in said platform.
• the exit port is on the top surface of the platform.
• the exit port is on the bottom surface of the platform.
• the lumen comprises an entry port in said handle.
• the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid.
• the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid.
• the platform further comprises a through-hole extending from the top surface to the posterior end.
• the handle is curved.
• the device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system,
• the width of the platform is approximately 150-180 microns.
• the platform is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow or any combination thereof.
• the platform comprises a concave bottom surface.
• the shaft comprises an annular ring.
• the platform further comprises at least one heating element.
• the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present embodiment contemplates a lancet ophthalmic knife comprising a handle connected to a shaft, said shaft connected to a wire element.
• the wire element comprises a geometric shape including, but not limited to, a triangle, square, a rectangular, an octagon, a circle, an ellipse or an oval.
• the wire element comprises a first wire end and second wire end.
• the first wire end is connected to the shaft at a first position.
• the second wire end is connected to the shaft at a second position.
• the shaft further comprises a grasping feature.
• the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wherein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the shaft further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the wire element.
• the lancet knife further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within said handle and shaft.
• the lumen comprises an exit port in said shaft.
• the lumen comprises an entry port m said handle.
• the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid.
• the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid.
• the handle is curved.
• the device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system.
• the wire element is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow or any combination thereof.
• the shaft comprises an annular ring.
• the wire element further comprises at least one heating element.
• the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present invention contemplates an axial blade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle connected to a shaft, said shaft connected to a first and second blade.
• the first and second blade extend axially from the shaft
• a shaft overhang is positioned between the first and second blades and the lateral edges of the shaft. The overhang is positioned so as to limit the depth of cut made by the blades.
• the shaft further comprises a grasping feature.
• the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wherein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the shaft further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the shaft.
• the ophthalmic knife further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within sard handle and shaft.
• the lumen comprises an exit port in said shaft.
• the lumen comprises an entry port m said handle.
• the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid.
• the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid.
• the handle is curved.
• the device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system.
• the shaft is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow or any combination thereof.
• the shaft comprises an annular ring.
• the first ami second blades further comprise at least one heating element.
• the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present invention contemplates a V-blade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle connected to a shaft comprising a first blade, said shaft connected to a platform, wherein the first blade overhangs said platform such that the first blade and said platform are connected at an angle.
• the platform further comprises an anterior blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a retractable blade tip.
• the anterior blade tip is a wedge blade tip.
• said blade tip comprises a right triangle.
• said right triangle follows the Pythagoras’ theorem formula (a 2 + b 2 c 2 ) wherein the sides of said tip comprise length a and b and the length of the hypotenuse is c.
• said platform comprises a ramp. In one embodiment, said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades. In one embodiment, said distal end of said platform ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades that are positioned above the level of the TM. In one embodiment, the platform comprises a ramp increasing in depth extending from the anterior blade tip to the posterior end. In one embodiment, the platform comprises a ramp increasing in depth extending from the anterior blade tip to the posterior end. In one embodiment, the platform comprises an annular cutting edge. In one embodiment, the shaft further comprises a grasping feature. In one embodiment, the grasping feature includes but is not limited to, a tweezer element or a forcep element.
• the grasping feature comprises a sleeve extending over the shaft, wherein the handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the shaft further comprises a slidable punch that can detach tissue from the shaft.
• the ophthalmic knife further comprises at least one lumen extending longitudinally within said handle and shaft.
• the lumen comprises an exit port in said shaft.
• the lumen comprises an entry port in said handle.
• the lumen comprises a viscoelastic fluid.
• the lumen comprises an aspiration fluid.
• the handle is curved.
• the device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system.
• the shaft is a color including, but not limited to, blue, white, black, orange and yellow or any combination thereof.
• the shaft comprises an annular ring.
• the first and second blades further comprise at least one heating element.
• the shaft is a telescoping shaft.
• the present invention contemplates, a method for using an ophthalmic knife, comprising: a) providing an ophthalmic knife selected from the group consisting of a dual platform/dual blade ophthalmic knife, a quad-blade ophthalmic knife, an ultrasonic ophthalmic knife, a pincer ophthalmic knife, a gripping ophthalmic knife, a lancet ophthalmic knife, an axial blade ophthalmic knife and a V -blade ophthalmic knife: h) advancing said ophthalmic knife through an incision to a tissue target site; and c) cutting a strip of tissue from said target site.
• an ophthalmic knife selected from the group consisting of a dual platform/dual blade ophthalmic knife, a quad-blade ophthalmic knife, an ultrasonic ophthalmic knife, a pincer ophthalmic knife, a gripping ophthalmic knife, a lancet ophthalmic knife, an axial blade o
• the knife is integrated into an endoscope, in one embodiment, the method further comprises visualizing said cutting with a fiber optic visualization system.
• the tissue target site is located within the body of a patient.
• the method further comprises the step of removing said strip of tissue from said tissue target site.
• the method further comprises the step of treating said patient for glaucoma.
• the treating comprises draining aqueous humor from the eye of said subject.
• said advancing further comprises; i) inserting said knife into an ocular anterior chamber; and li) positioning said knife adjacent to, or within, a trabecular meshwork of the eye.
• said incision is in an anatomical location selected from the group consisting of an eyeball, skin, mucous membrane, an organ, and a tumor.
• a dual-blade ophthalmic knife comprising: a handle; a shaft connected to the handle; and a platform connected to the shaft, wherein the platform comprises: a first blade; a second blade; an anterior blade tip; and an extension member, wherein the extension member is configured as a grasping feature.
• the ophthalmic knife may further comprise wherein the grasping feature is a tweezer or a forceps.
• the grasping feature may comprise spring biased to close the grasping feature.
• the anterior blade tip may be a retractable blade tip.
• the first blade and the second blade may be respectively attached to a first lateral side and a second lateral side of the platform.
• the platform may comprise a ramp increasing in depth extending from the anterior blade tip to a posterior end.
• the platform may further comprise a first annular cutting edge A width of the platform may be between 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
• the shaft may be a telescoping shaft.
• the opiithalmlc knife may further comprise a movable sleeve configured to slidably move along the shaft.
• the sleeve may be configured to overcome a biasing force of the grasping feature by engaging at least a portion of the grasping feature as the sleeve is moved m a. direction along the shaft.
• the handle may comprise an activation member coupled to the sleeve, the activation member configured to cause the sleeve to move.
• At least a portion of the grasping feature may comprise a sharpened surface configured to cut tissue.
• a method for incising a trabecular meshwork to form an opening in trabecular meshwork tissue of an eye having a Schlemm's Canal, an anterior chamber and a trabecular meshwork may comprise providing a dual-blade ophthalmic knife, comprising: a handle; a shaft connected to the handle; and a platform connected to the shaft, wherein the platform comprises: a first blade; a second blade; an anterior blade tip; and an extension member, wherein the extension member is configured as a grasping feature.
• the method may further comprise inserting the platform into the anterior chamber, the platform including the anterior tip; advancing the platform, anterior tip first, through the trabecular meshwork and into the Schlemm's Canal; advancing the platform, anterior tip first, through the Schlemm’s Canal such that trabecular meshwork tissue contacts and is severed by the first and second blades; and grasping the severed trabecular meshwork tissue with the grasping feature.
• the method may comprise wherein the grasping feature is a tw3 ⁇ 4ezer or a forceps.
• the method may comprise wherein the grasping feature comprises a spring biased to close the grasping feature.
• the method may comprise wherein the platform of the device further comprises a bottom surface that is transversely concave, wherein the platform is configured so that when the platform is advanced into the Schlemm's Canal, a back wall of the Schlemm’s canal is juxtaposed to the bottom surface.
• the method may comprise wherein the handle of the device comprises an activation member, wherein applying a force to the activation member causes the grasping feature to close.
• the method may comprise wherein the handle of the device comprises an activation member, wherein applying a force to the activation member causes the grasping feature to open.
• the term “patient” or “subject” refers to a living mammalian organism, such as a human, monkey, cow, sheep, goat, dog, cat, mouse, rat, guinea pig, or transgenic species thereof. In certain embodiments, the patient or subject is a primate. Nonlimiting examples of human subjects are adults, juveniles, infants and fetuses.
• prevention includes: (1) inhibiting the onset of a disease in a subject or patient which may be at risk and/or predisposed to the disease but does not yet experience or display any or all of the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, and/or (2) slowing the onset of the pathology or symptomatology of a disease in a subject or patient which may be at risk and/or predisposed to the disease but does not yet experience or display any or all of the pathology or symptomatology of the disease.
• terapéuticaally effective amounts or “pharmaceutically effective amounts”, as used herein means that amount which, when administered to a subject or patient for treating a disease, is sufficient to effect such treatment for the disease or to ameliorate one or more symptoms of a disease or condition (e.g. ameliorate pain).
• the terms “treat” and “treating” are not limited to the case where the subject (e.g. patient) is cured and the disease is eradicated. Rather, the present invention also contemplates treatment that merely reduces symptoms, improves (to some degree) and/or delays disease progression. It is not intended that the present invention be limited to instances wherein a disease or affliction is cured. It is sufficient that symptoms are reduced.
• goniotomy refers to a surgical procedure primarily used to treat congenital glaucoma or other types of glaucoma.
• trabecular meshwork refers to area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, (between the scleral spur and schwalbe’s line) and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea).
• the tissue is spongy and lined by trabeculocytes; it allows fluid to drain into a set of tubes called Schlemm’s canal and eventually flowing into the blood system.
• Schomm s canal refers to a circular channel in the eye that collects aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream via the collector channels and anterior ciliary veins.
• eye diseases refers to various conditions of the eye including, but not limited to Glaucoma optic neuropathy, Glaucoma suspect ocular hypertension, Primary open-angle glaucoma, Primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma, normal or lory tension glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pigment dispersion glaucoma, angle closure glaucoma (acute, subacute, chronic), neovascuiar or inflammatory glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and other types of glaucoma that are related to dysregulation of intraocular pressure [0027] As used herein “hypotony” refers to reduced intraocular pressure.
• hypotony is intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 6.5mmHg, which is more than 3 standard deviations below the mean IOP.
• the clinical definition of hypotony is IOP low- enough to result in pathology (vision loss).
• the vision loss from low- IOP may be caused by corneal edema, astigmatism, cystoid macular edema, maculopathy, or other condition.
• Hypotony maculopathy is characterized by a low IOP associated with fundus abnormalities, including chorioretinal folds, optic nerve head edema in the acute setting, and vascular tortuosity.
• Schwalbe’s line refers to the anatomical line found on the interior surface of the eye’s cornea, and delineates the outer limit of the corneal endothelium layer. Specifically, it represents the termination of Descemet’s membrane.
• stroma the basement membrane that lies between the corneal proper substance, also called stroma, and the endothelial layer of the cornea.
• scleral spur refers to an annular structure composed of collagen in the human eye, a protrusion of the sclera into the anterior chamber. It is the origin of the longitudinal fibres of the ciliary muscle and is attached anteriorly to the trabecular meshwork.
• Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and closed-angle glaucoma (CAG) may be treated by muscarinic receptor agonists (e.g., pilocarpine), which cause rapid miosis and contraction of the ciliary muscles, this pulls the scleral spur and results in the trabecular meshwork being stretched and separated. This opens the fluid pathways and facilitates drainage of the aqueous humour into the canal of Schiemm and ultimately decreasing intraocular pressure.
• Trabectome® refers to a minimally invasive glaucoma surgical tool for the surgical management of adult, juvenile and infantile glaucoma. Unlike a trabeculectomy, the surgery with a Trabectome® should not create an external filtering bleb or require leaving a permanent hole in the eye. Instead, the Trabectome® eleeto-surgical handpiece opens access to the eyes natural drainage system. This procedure is performed through a small incision similar to that of cataract surgery and allows the patient to go home on the same day.
• Figure 1 shows an angled, side view of one embodiment of the device with an enlarged detailed view of the operative end of the device with the beveled platform.
• Figure 2 shoves an angled, side view' of one embodiment of the device with an enlarged detailed view of the operative end of the device with the beveled platform 5.
• the shaded aspect provided a view of the dimensions of the beveled platform.
• the angle of tool shaft 3 attachment and of first and second blade attachment relative to the beveled platform 5 are indicated.
• Figure 3 shows a front face view of one embodiment of the device with an enlarged detailed view of the operative end of the device with the beveled platform 5. Shown are examples of the different angles of attachment of the handle 1 to the beveled platform 5 clockwise 0, 15, and 30 degrees relative to the Z-axis and X-axis. The increased platform thickness is also indicated as the platform extends from the insertion tip 6 towards the back of the platform 7 and from the first side (on the right) to the second side (on the left).
• Figure 4A, B, & C present exemplary embodiments of a dual platform/dual blade ophthalmic knife.
• Figure 4A depicts bi-directional configuration 35 of two platforms configured at a 180° angle.
• Figure 4B depicts a parallel configuration of two platforms.
• Figure 4C depicts an offset configuration of the first and second platforms.
• Figure 5 presents an exemplary embodiment of quad-blade ophthalmic knife comprising two platform blades (10 and 11) and two shaft blades (30 and 31).
• the two upper (shaft) blades positioned above the low'er (platform) blades, the upper and low'er blades being able to move up and down to cut TM between the upper and lower blades (like scissors on either side of the ramp).
• the tipper blades may be moved by triggering a mechanism, such as squeezing the handle (like MST forceps).
• Figure 6 depicts one embodiment of the ultrasonic ophthalmic knife.
• Figure 7 presents an exemplary' embodiment of a pincer ophthalmic knife comprising a low'er platform comprising at least tw ' o blades and a hinged upper platform having a complementary surface to the low'er platform.
• said first platform is guided into the canal whilst, the second platform is inside said handle, tool shaft, or barrel.
• said first platform is advanced into TM and subsequently said second platform is then pushed down tow3 ⁇ 4rds said first platform to capture TM between said first platform and second platform.
• said platforms further comprise blades or recesses on both said first platforms and said second platform.
• said platforms have curved surfaces.
• said platforms have complementary surfaces.
• said complementary surfaces articulate at a surface of articulation.
• said surface of articulation is the edge of said blades.
• said platforms marry to each other and amputate the strip of TM in one 8 mm strip.
• Figure 8 presents an exemplary embodiment of a gripping ophthalmic knife comprises a shaft connected to one pair of serrated jaws (e.g., alligator clips).
• Figure 9 presents an exemplary embodiment of a lancet ophthalmic knife comprising a wire element connected to a shaft.
• Figure 10 presents an exemplary embodiment of an axial opthamie knife comprising at least two blades connected to a shaft.
• Figure 11 presents an exemplary embodiment, of a V-blade ophthalmic knife.
• Figure 12 presents an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic knife having a platform comprising a through-hole.
• Figure 13 presents an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic knife comprises at least one internal lumen.
• Figure 14 presents an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic knife comprising a platform that lacks a ramp (or bevel).
• Figure 15 presents an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic knife comprising a platform attached to two blades, wherein the blades extend from the posterior end to the distal anterior blade tip.
• Figure 16 shows a front view of a device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 17 shows a front view of a device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 18A shows a perspective view- of a device in an open position according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 18B shows a perspective view of the device of Figure 32A in a closed position according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 19A shows a perspective view of a device in a sheathed position according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 19B shows a perspective view of the device of Figure 33 A in an unsheathed position according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 20A shows a perspective view of a device in a sheathed position according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 20B shows a perspective view of the device of Figure 34A in an unsheathed position according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 21 shows a perspective view of a device with an activating handle according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 22 shows a perspective view of a device with a sleeve aspirating an eye according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 23 shows a perspective portion view of a device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• the present invention relates to an ophthalmic knife and methods of its use for treatment of various conditions including eye diseases, such as glaucoma, using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
• An ophthalmic knife can be used for cutting the tissues within the eye, for example, a trabecular mesh work (TM).
• TM trabecular mesh work
• This invention also relates to surgical medicinal intervention.
• the present invention relates to a microsurgical device and methods of its use for treatment of various medical conditions including but not limited to eye diseases, such as glaucoma, using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
• Glaucoma A. Glaucoma
• Glaucoma is believed to be one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide [1], It has been reported that a modifiable disease risk factor is intraocular pressure (IOP).
• IOP intraocular pressure
• Conventional treatment has centered on lowering IOP pharmaceutically with hypotensive medications or surgically through the use of lasers or incisional procedures.
• the mam area of obstruction to aqueous outflow, with subsequent dysregulation of IOP, is thought to be located at the juxtacanalicuiar trabecular meshwork (TM) and distal outflow structures [2-4].
• the device was designed and manufactured at the University of Colorado Eye Center (United States Provisional Patent Application Number 61/637611) [12], Tissue effects from the novel device are compared to those from a goniotomy using a microvitreoretinal (MVR) blade (BD, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA) and cautery of TM with the Trabectome® device. Human eye perfusion studies were also completed to assess the lOP-lowermg efficacy of each approach.
• MVR microvitreoretinal
• MIGS minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
• Drawbacks of traditional incisional procedures include unpredictable 10 P- lowering results, prolonged visual recovery, long-term risk of infection and vision loss, frequency of follow-up visits, and long-term failure rate [13], Procedures such as endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, ab intern trabeculectomy with Trabectome®, and canalopiasty with the iScience illuminated catheter (/Science, Menlo Park, California, USA) were all introduced to address limitations of full-thickness surgery, most notably to eliminate the presence of a filtering bleb. However, a major drawback of all of these procedures is the additional equipment cost required and, in some cases, a steep learning curve.
• the added equipment cost in particular presents a significant hurdle to providers, hospitals, and surgery centers that may require several procedures to recoup the initial investment.
• Providers and patients may also face opposition from insurance companies regarding coverage of a novel procedure lacking longterm efficacy data.
• the requirement for additional equipment also limits patient access to these procedures in underserved areas of the world.
• a goniotomy is generally referred to as a surgical procedure primarily used to treat congenital glaucoma. It can be caused by a developmental arrest of some of the structures within the anterior (front) segment of the eye. These structures include the ins and the ciliary body, which produces the aqueous fluid needed to maintain the integrity of the eye. These structures do not develop normally in the eyes of patients with isolated congenital glaucoma. Instead, they overlap and block the trabecular meshwork, which is the primary drainage system for the aqueous fluid. Because of this blockage, the trabecular meshwork itself becomes thicker and the drainage holes within the meshwork are narrowed. These changes lead to an excess of fluid in the eye, which can cause pressure that can damage the internal structures of the eye and cause glaucoma.
• congenital glaucoma is caused by a decrease in or even a complete obstruction of the outflow of intraocular fluid.
• the ocular syndromes and anomalies that predispose a child to congenital glaucoma include the following: Reiger’s anomaly; Peter’s anomaly; Axenfeld’s syndrome; and Axenf eld-Rieger ’ s syndrome.
• Systemic disorders that affect the eyes in ways that may lead to glaucoma include Marfan’s syndrome; rubella (German measles), and the phacomatoses, which include neurofibromatosis and Sturge-Weber syndrome. Since these disorders affect the entire body as well as the eyes, the child’s pediatrician or family doctor will help to diagnose and treat these diseases.
• One purpose of a goniotomy is to clear the obstruction to aqueous outflow from the eye, which in turn lowers the intraocular pressure (IOP).
• IOP intraocular pressure
• lowering the IOP helps to stabilize the enlargement of the cornea and the distension and stretching of the eye that often occur in congenital glaucoma.
• the size of the eye may not return to normal.
• damage to the optic nerve is halted or reversed. The patient’s visual acuity may improve after surgery.
• the patient Before the surgeon begins the procedure, the patient may be given miotics, which are drugs that cause the pupil to contract.
• the partial closure may improve the surgeon’s view of and access to the trabecular meshwork; it may also protects the lens of the eye from trauma during surgery.
• Other drugs may be administered to low3 ⁇ 4r the intraocular pressure.
• Goniotomy procedures may be done without use of miotics.
• the current invention may be used in the setting of a dilated (non-miotic) pupil, as can devices described as prior art.
• the surgeon may use forceps or sutures to stabilize the eye in the correct position.
• the patient’s head may be rotated away from the surgeon so that the interior structures of the eye are more easily seen.
• the surgeon punctures the cornea while looking at the interior of the eye through a microscope or a loupe.
• An assistant may use a syringe to introduce fluid into the eye's anterior chamber through a viscoelastic tube as the surgeon performs the goniotomy.
• a gomoscopy lens may be then placed on the eye.
• the surgeon sweeps the knife blade or needle through 90-120 degrees of arc in the eye, making incisions in the anterior trabecular meshwork, avoiding the posterior part of the trabecular meshwork m order to decrease the risk of damage to the iris and lens.
• Endoscopic visualization may also be used to guide cutting.
• the device of the current invention may be place at the end of an endoscope, precluding the need for a gonio lens during treatment. Once the knife and tubing are removed, saline solution may be introduced through the hole to maintain the integrity of the eye and the hole is closed with sutures.
• the surgeon then applies antibiotics and corticosteroids to the eye to prevent infection and reduce inflammation.
• the head may be then rotated away from the incision site so that blood cannot accumulate.
• the second eye may be operated on at the same time. If the procedure needs to be repeated, another area of the eye may be treated.
• Schlemm’s canal Further, one or more bends or curves may be optionally formed to facilitate its use.
• the tip of the device may be advanced through the trabecular meshwork and into the Schlemm’s canal thereby causing the cutting edges to cut a strip of the trabecular meshwork, thereby creating an opening for drainage of aqueous humor. While this reference teaches a cutting blade with dual cutting sides and a tip for placement into Schlemm’s canal for removal of trabecular meshwork with optional bends/curvatures it does not specifically mention use of a 0.3 mm blade width.
• the distal end of the outer cannula Due to the size of Schlemm’s canal, it is preferable to have the distal end of the outer cannula measure about 0.25 to 0.36 mm diameter.
• the cannula can be tapered so its distal end measures about 0.25 to 0.36 mm (Schlemm’s canal is about 0.3 mm).
• the leading edge can be curved to enhance its ability to pierce the trabecular meshwork. While the reference teaches use of a small gauge cutter with a diameter of about 0.25 to 0.36 mm with a sharp or blunt leading edge for piercing the trabecular meshwork and entry into Schlemm’s canal with a cutting port to cut the trabecular meshwork it does not per se teach a dual sharp edge cutting blade.
• the sharpened end of the footplate is used to pierce the trabecular meshwork.
• the trabecular meshwork is cut using a rotatable blade or cut in a guillotine fashion. While the reference discloses use of a cutting probe with a tip approximately 25 gauge including a footplate for piercing the trabecular meshwork and targeting Schlemm’s canal it does not per se mention use of a dual sharp edge cutting blade sized for navigating Schlemm’s canal (0.3 mm).
• Hucuiak “Small Gauge Mechanical Tissue Cutter/Aspirator Probe for Glaucoma Surgery”
• International Publication No. WO 2009/140185 [23] Also see European Patent No. EP 2303203 [24] selected parts).
• the probe consists of an outer cannula and an inner cannula.
• the inner cannula’s distal end is configured to cut tissue when it enters port 310.
• the inner cannula is moved up and down to cut tissue.
• the outer cannula includes a retractable pick that has a sharp end for piercing the trabecular meshwork. Due to the size of Schlemm’s canal, it is preferable to have the distal end of the outer cannula measure about 0.25 to 0.36 mm in diameter.
• the cannula can be tapered so its distal end measures about 0.25 to 0.36 mm (Schlemm’s canal is about 0.3 mm). While the reference discloses use of a probe sized between 0.25 and 0.36 mm for piercing the trabecular meshwork and placement into the Schlemm’s canal, it does not mention use of a dual sharp edge cutting blade with a curvature for navigating Schlemm’s canal
• the probe diameter is approximately 0.25 mm and the width of the knives is 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
• the knife blades also include a cutting edge on both sides so the probe can be pulled m both directions through the Canal of Sehlemm. While the reference discloses a dual-knife with at least one sharp cutting edge for cutting the trabecular meshwork and the inner w3 ⁇ 4ll of Sehlemm’ s canal it does not per se mention a curvature for navigating Schlemm’s canal.
• the outer microcannula and inner member each are adaptable to the curvature of Schlemm’s canal and the inner member optionally includes a cutting tool at the distal end with a diamond or sapphire tip or blade or similar element. While the reference discloses a micro sized probe for cutting trabecular meshwork and targeting Schlemm’s canal it does not per se mention use of a dual sharp edge cutting blade for piercing the trabecular meshwork and targeting Schlemm’s canal.
• FIG. 1 Another device is described in Const on et ah, “Ophthalmic Microsurgical Instruments,” United States Patent Publication No. US 2007/0073275 [32] (Also see International Publication No. WO 2004/093761 [33] and European Patent No. EP 1615604 [34] selected parts).
• This reference discloses a microsurgical instrument that can be directly inserted into Schlemm’s canal to allow controlled treatment or removal of adjacent tissues such as TM.
• the instruments comprise an outer sheath nucrocarmula and an inner member where the distal end of the instruments can be curved to approximate the curvature of Schlemm’s canal.
• the instruments include a cutting means to excise targeted tissue.
• the microcannula is sized to accommodate the Schlemm’s canal (approximately 200 microns in diameter) approximately ranging from 100 to 350 microns outer diameter.
• the distal tip of an inner member can be beveled or sharpened to provide a cutting action. While the reference discloses a micro sized probe for cutting trabecular meshwork and targeting Schlemm’s canal it does not per se mention use of a dual sharp edge cutting blade for piercing the trabecular meshwork and targeting Schlemm’s canal.
• a modified dual blade device geometry was designed to minimize any impact to adjacent tissues such as Deseemet membrane by leveraging specific angles between the handle and the distal blade as well as use of specific angles between the cutting blade and the adjacent cutting tip.
• Kahook M, WO 2013/163034 [39] (herein incorporated by reference).
• the lack of moving parts or the need for coupled irrigation or a separate power source allows for inexpensive manufacturing and rapid acquisition of surgical expertise. This would permit easy, economical access to a new technique, especially in underserved locations around the world.
• a conventional Trabectome® device requires a substantial initial investment for the irrigation/aspiration unit and generator m addition to the cost of one-time-use items such as the hand piece and tubing.
• the simple design and material requirements of dual- blade device embodiments would be more economical.
• embodiments of dual-blade device designs conform to the Schlemnr s canal anatomy, minimizes damage to adjacent tissues, and provides excellent control over excised tissue.
• the conventional dual-blade device may perform ab mterno trabeculectomy with or without concomitant cataract extraction.
• the present invention contemplates an ophthalmic knife for cutting ocular tissue (e.g., for example, trabecular meshwork (TM)).
• the knife may have a device tip providing entry into the 8 dilemma canal via its size (i.e., for example, between approximately 0.3-.2 mm width) and a configuration where the entry blade tip curves up providing a ramp-like action for cutting tissue (e.g., for example, trabecular meshwork tissue).
• a multi-blade configuration can be in place on the sides of the device that cut the TM in a precise fashion leaving little TM behind (current devices leave considerable residual TM leaflets behind that then scars over)
• a tip of the blade may ramp up to the multiple side blades forming a surface that presents the TM to the blades, which then allows for more precise cutting.
• the distal end ramps up from the piercing blade towards to parallel blades that are positioned above the level of the TM.
• the ramp causes the TM to elevate away from canal of schlemm as the device is advanced thus lifting the TM above the usual position of the inner wall of the canal of Schlemm.
• the TM presents to the parallel blades resulting in a clean cut of the tissue.
• the piercing tip blade is not continuous with the blades on the top of the ramp (i.e., there is no sharp part that is continuous from the tip all the way to the blades that cut the TM).
• the area of the ramp is generally devoid of a cutting edge.
• the device has a flat bottom which results in the bulk of the bottom of the device not touching the outer wall of Schlemm’s canal once the device is placed flush with heel down (the curve of canal of Schlemm results in this (so the bottom of the footplate is cupped by canal of schlemm). This means less contact and friction with the footplate of the current invention as it is advanced. 14. All cutting of tissue (except for the initial piercing with the blade tip) is done away from (elevated towards the anterior chamber) canal of Schlemm.
• the present invention contemplates an ophthalmic knife comprising a platform, in some embodiments, the platform comprises a ramp, thereby forming a beveled, or wedge shape 38. In some embodiments, the platform is attached to lateral blades, preferably on the lateral sides of the platform, see Figure 1.
• a first lateral blade 10 and a second lateral blade 11 are m a perpendicular alignment to the bottom of the beveled platform 5.
• the invention relates to a device 12 comprising a handle 1 and a beveled platform 5, wherein said platform 5 is set at a specific angle and orientation relative to said handle 1.
• the invention relates to a device 12 comprising a handle 1 and a beveled platform 5, wherein said platform 5 freely rotates in at least two dimensions.
• said handle I and beveled platform 5 are operably attached at an angle ranging between 90 and 120 degrees m the Y-Z axis.
• said handle 1 and beveled platform 5 are operably attached at an angle ranging between 90 and 180 degrees in the X-Z axis.
• said platform 5 freely rotates in an X-Y dimension relative to said handle 1.
• said platform 5 remains at a fixed angle in the X-Y, X-Z, and Y-Z dimensions relative to said handle 1.
• said platform 5 freely rotates in a positive Z dimension relative to said handle 1.
• said beveled platform 5 comprises a first end/ beveled platform tip/ insertion blade tip 6 and a second end/ back of the beveled platform 7, wherein said second end/ back of the beveled platform 7 is between two and thirty times greater in thickness relative to said first end/ beveled platform tip/ insertion blade tip 6.
• the dimensions of the beveled platforms 5 are dictated by the formula A 2 - ; - B z :::: C 2 , wherein A is the length of said beveled platform 5 from said insertion blade tip 6 to the back of the beveled platform 7, B is the height of the beveled platform 5 and C is the length of the ramp.
• the height of said beveled platform 5 is not to exceed 0.5 millimeters, in one embodiment, the length of said beveled platform 5 from said insertion blade tip 6 to the back of the beveled platform 7, is not to exceed 1.0 millimeters.
• said first end/ beveled platform tip/ insertion blade tip 6 comprises a fine surgical lancet, in one embodiment, said first end/ beveled platform tip/ insertion blade tip 6 comprises an angle of between 20 and 90 degrees.
• said beveled platform 5 increases in thickness from a fine blade tip towards the second end/ back of the beveled platforms 7 in the direction of the Y-axis.
• said first end/beveled platform tip/ insertion blade tip 6 comprises a pointed tip with fine edges of surgical sharpness. In one embodiment, said first end/ beveled platform tip/ insertion blade tip 6 comprises a lancet. In one embodiment, said beveled platform 5 further comprises a first blade 10 and a second blade 11. In one embodiment, said first blade 10 is attached to a first side 8 of said second end/ back of the beveled platform 7, In one embodiment, said first blade 10 and beveled platform 5 are operahiy attached at an angle ranging between 90 and 180 degrees m the Y-Z axis. In one embodiment, said angle is preferably between 90 and 120 degrees in the Y-Z axis.
• said second blade 11 and beveled platform 5 are operabiy attached at an angle ranging between 90 and 120 degrees in the Y-Z axis.
• said first blade 10 and handle 1 are operabiy positioned at an angle ranging between 90 and 120 degrees m the Y-Z axis.
• said second blade 11 and handle 1 are operabiy positioned at an angle ranging between 90 and 120 degrees in the Y-Z axis.
• said second blade 11 is attached to a second side 9 of said second end/ back of the beveled platform 7.
• said anterior blade tip is a retractable blade tip.
• said beveled platform 5 increases in thickness from said second side 9 towards the first side 8 m the direction of the X-axis.
• Figure 3 In one embodiment, said beveled platform 5 increases in thickness from said second side 9 towards the first side 8 in the direction of the X-axis and said beveled platform 5 increases in thickness from a fine blade tip of the first end 6 towards the second end/ back of the beveled platform 7 in the direction of the Y-axis.
• said beveled platform 5 increases in thickness from said first side 8 towards the second side 9 in the direction of the X-axis. In one embodiment, said beveled platform 5 increases in thickness from said first side 8 towards the second side 9 in the direction of the X-axis and said beveled platform 5 increases in thickness from a fine blade tip of the first end 6 towards the second end/ back of the beveled platform 7 in the direction of the Y-axis. In one embodiment, said first blade 10 and said second blade 11 extend above the top surface of said second end/ back of the beveled platform 7. In one embodiment, said first blade 10 and sard second blade 11 are positioned at an angle between approximately 100 to 140 degrees relative to the top surface of said second end/ back of the beveled platform 7.
• said beveled platform 5 is approximately 0.3 millimeters wide. In one embodiment, said beveled platform 5 is approximately 0.2 millimeters wide. In a preferred embodiment, said beveled platform 5 is approximately 0.25 millimeters wide. In one embodiment, said beveled platform 5 is approximately 1.0 millimeters long. In one embodiment, said beveled platform 5 is approximately 0,4 millimeters high. In one embodiment, said highest point on the beveled platform 5 is the first and second blades.
• the device 12, may be provided as a pre-sterdized, single-use disposable probe or tip that is attachable to a standard surgical handpiece. In one embodiment, the device further comprises a fiber optic visualization system 24. In one embodiment, said shaft 3 further comprises a grasping feature 26.
• said grasping feature 26 is selected from the group consisting of a tweezer element and a forcep element. In one embodiment, said grasping feature 26 comprises a sleeve 27 extending over said shaft, wherein said handle comprises a sleeve actuator switch.
• the present invention contemplates a dual platform/dualblade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle 1 connected to a shaft 3, said shaft connected to a first platform and a second platform, said first platform comprising a first and second blade and a first anterior blade and said second platform comprising a third 14 and fourth 15 blade and a second anterior blade tip.
• said device comprises two oppositely faced platforms with each platform each having at least two lateral blades and each having a blade tip.
• the device comprises two roughly parallel platforms with each platform each having at least two lateral blades and each having a blade tip.
• said first and second anterior blade tips are retractable blade tips.
• the device comprises at least two offset platforms.
• the device comprises at least two offset platforms each having at least two lateral blades and each having a blade tip
• the present invention contemplates a quad-blade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle 1 connected to a shaft 3, said shaft connected to a platform comprising four cutting blades and an anterior blade tip, see Figure 5.
• the two upper (shaft) blades (30 and 31) positioned above the lower (platform) blades (10 and 11), the upper and lower blades being able to move up and down to cut TM between the upper and lower blades (like scissors on either side of the ramp).
• the upper blades may be moved by triggering a mechanism 32, such as squeezing the handle 1 (like MST forceps).
• the present invention contemplates an ultrasonic ophthalmic knife comprises a handle 1, shaft 3, an anterior blade tip, and platform wherein the platform comprises an ultrasonic emitter 25.
• said ultrasonic ophthalmic knife is shown in Figure 6.
• the present invention contemplates a pincer ophthalmic knife comprising a handle 1 connected to a shaft 3, said shaft connected to a lower platform and an upper platform.
• said platforms are curved.
• said first platform is guided into the canal whilst the second platform is inside said handle 1, tool shaft 3, or barrel 16.
• said first platform is advanced into TM and subsequently said second platform is then pushed down towards said first platform to capture TM between sard first platform and second platform.
• said platforms further comprise blades or recesses on both said first platforms and said second platform.
• said platforms have complementary surfaces.
• said complementary surfaces articulate at a surface of articulation.
• said surface of articulation is the edge of said blades.
• said platforms marry to each other and amputate the strip of TM in one 8 mm strip.
• said device is depicted in Figure 7.
• the present invention contemplates a gripping ophthalmic knife comprising a handle 1 connected to a shaft 3, said shaft comprises a lateral alligator clip 17, a platform connected to the shaft 3, said platform 5 comprising a first lateral blade 10 a, and an anterior blade tip 6.
• said alligator clip 17 comprises a first 18 and second 19 alligator clip blades.
• said alligator clip 17 comprises a clip with a spring that closes the articulating jaws.
• said alligator clip comprises a clip with a spring that closes the serrated jaws.
• An example of an alligator clip (17) is shown in Figure 8. In one embodiment, only the top jaw of said alligator clip moves up and down.
• the bottom jaw of said alligator clip stays in the Schiemm’s canal, In one embodiment, the elliptical motion of the top jaw- of said alligator clip draws in the TM, cuts it, and then pushes it out from the back side.
• the present embodiment contemplates a lancet ophthalmic knife comprising a handle 1 connected to a shaft 3, said shaft connected to a wire element 20.
• the shape of said wire element may retract into said shaft 3.
• said wire element is rigid.
• the shape of said wire element may be various, from having a tip to as simple as a square wire.
• said wire element 20 has at least one sharp edge.
• said wire element 20 has at least one dull edge.
• said wire element 20 has a square shape, as depicted m Figure 9.
• said wire element 20 can be a triangle, square, rectangle, or an ellipse.
• said wire element 20 is pushed into the TM. In doing so said wire element 20 stretches open the Schiemm’s canal a bit. The wire element 20 is then advanced through the canal so that the sharp wire cuts the TM leaving a long trailing strip of TM.
• the present invention contemplates an axial blade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle 1 connected to a shaft 3, said shaft connected to a first and second blade.
• said axial blade comprises an axial extension 21 comprising at least one distal blade.
• said distal blade is affixed to said axial extension wherein the distance between said blade and the edge of said axial extension distal tip comprises an overhang 36.
• said overhang 36 limits the depth of the cut.
• said device comprises two parallel blades (10 and 11) attached to said axial extension 21, wherein the space between the blades and the edge of said axial extension 21 comprises an overhang 36.
• the present invention contemplates a V-blade ophthalmic knife comprising a handle I connected to a shaft 3 comprising a first blade, said shaft connected to a platform, wherein the first blade overhangs said platform such that the first blade and said platform are connected at an angle.
• the angle of attachment and overhand of said shaft 3 to said platform provides a surface for shearing tissue.
• said knife further comprises a pass through window ’ for cut tissue.
• Figure 11 provides a side view 7 of one embodiment of this device, wherein the dashed lines indicates one embodiment of the internal through-hole 23.
• a device 112 may have a platform 105 having an extension member 117.
• Platform 105 has a front tip 106 and a back end 107.
• Platform 105 may have similar features as platform 5, with the addition of the extension member 117.
• Device 112 may include a slidable sleeve 118 disposed over a shaft 104 and configured to slide back and forth over an external shaft surface 103 of the shaft 104 and at least a portion of the platform 105.
• the sleeve 118 may be sized and shaped to provide a fluid flow channel 119 between the shaft surface 103 and an inner sleeve surface 121.
• the fluid flow channel 119 may be configured to deliver a local balanced salt solution, a medication, viscoelastics (e.g. OVD) or therapeutic agents to the site or to wash away reflux of blood, for example.
• the sleeve 118 may have a sleeve end 128 from which an engagement portion 123 may extend.
• the engagement portion may be sized and shaped to engage the extension member 117 when the sleeve 118 is slidably disposed in a closed position towards the extension member 117.
• the engagement portion 123 has a surface 124 configured to grasp tissue that has been cut or dissected by the platform 105.
• the sleeve 118 may be positioned in a generally open position so that there is a gap 125 between the surface 124 and the extension member 117.
• the gap 125 may have a maximum width when the sleeve 118 is maximally retracted, where the width of the gap 125 lessens as the sleeve 118 moves to a fully engaged position against the extension member, whereupon the gap 125 may have little or no width.
• the gap 125 may provide an outlet for fluid to be dispersed out from the fluid flow channel 119. Fluid may also be dispersed from an end portion 129 of the fluid flow' channel 119.
• the fluid flow channel 119 may be configured to suction fluid back from the site. For example, fluid from the site (e.g., blood, excess irrigation fluid) may flow 7 into the gap 125 and/or the end portion 129 and flow through the fluid flow channel 119 and exit a handle end of the device 112.
• the fluid channel 119 may be configured to deliver a fluid out the gap 125 and/or end portion 129 and returning fluid may move back up the device 112 through a lumen internal to the shaft 104 (not shown).
• a lumen may be disposed external to the shaft 104 and within the fluid flow- channel 119.
• the surface 124 may be provided as a grasping surface configured to engage tissue, thus allowing the sleeve 118 to grasp tissue betw-een the surface 124 and the extension member 117.
• the tissue may then be removed by removing the device 112 from the site to dispose of the tissue or by using another device (e.g., phacoemulsification).
• the surface 124 may be provided as a forcing surface configured to force tissue down on to a cutting surface 127 of the extension member 117.
• the platform .105 may have multiple cutting portions.
• the sleeve 1.1.8 may be coupled to an engagement member of a handle, such as a squeeze handle 150 for example, as shown in FIG. 2.1.
• a handle such as a squeeze handle 150 for example
• an activation member (e.g., trigger) 152 of the handle 150 is squeezed, the sleeve 118 may be slidably moved towards the platform 105, providing for grasping and/or cutting tissue between the surface 124 and the extension member 117.
• the squeezing force on the handle 150 is removed (e.g., release trigger 152)
• the sleeve 118 may be slidably moved away from the platform 105, providing for a release of the tissue.
• the biasing force on the sleeve 118 may be reversed.
• the sleeve 118 may be disposed so that the surface 124 engages the extension member 117 (e.g., the sleeve 118 is in the closed position), and when the handle 150 is squeezed, the sleeve 118 may he slidably moved away from the platform 105, opening a gap 125 so that tissue or an object may ⁇ be engaged.
• a device 212 may have a platform 205 having an extension member 217.
• Platform 205 has a front tip 206 and a back end 207.
• Platform 205 may have similar features as platform 5, with the addition of the extension member 217.
• Device 212 may include a slidable sleeve 218 disposed over a shaft 204 and configured to slide back and forth over an external shaft surface 203 of the shaft 204.
• the sleeve 218 may be sized and shaped to provide a fluid flow 7 channel 219 between the shaft surface 203 and an inner sleeve surface 221.
• the fluid flow channel 219 may be configured to deliver a local balanced salt solution, a medication, viscoeiastics (e.g.
• the extension member 217 may be flexibly coupled to the back end 207 of the platform 205.
• the extension member 217 may be an integral portion of the platform 205 that extends outward in an angled position.
• the extension member 217 may be biased m an open position as show in FIG. 17 and configured to be forced towards a closed position when the sleeve 218 is slidably moved tow3 ⁇ 4rds the platform 205, thus applying a force on the extension member 217, the force directed inward towards the back end 207.
• the extension member 217 may be configured as a grasper (e.g,, tweezers) to grasp tissue.
• the sleeve 218 may be slidably moved on the shaft 204 away from the platform 205 and a biasing force on the extension member 217 may cause the extension member to move (e.g., open, spring back) to release the tissue.
• the extension member 217 may be sized and shaped to essentially mirror the opposing portion of the back end 207 of the platform 205.
• the device 212 may have multiple extension members 217 spaced apart around the perimeter of the shaft 204.
• the multiple extension members 217 may each be configured to move in towards the shaft 204 or platform 205 when the slidable sleeve 218 is moved towards the platform 205.
• each extension member 217 may be configured to grasp a different portion of tissue or an object.
• the back end 207 may have a surface 207a the extension member 217 may have a surface 217a.
• a portion or all of surface 207a and/or surface 217a may be a sharpened cutting surface.
• one of the surfaces 207a, 217a may be unsharpened and the other of the surfaces 207a, 217a may be sharpened, or both surfaces 207a, 217a may be sharpened, thus providing a cutting function on the back end 207 of the platform 205.
• both surfaces 207a, 217a may be unsharpened, thus providing a grasping function to the back end 207 of the platform 205.
• a device 312 may have a shaft 304 and a platform 305 having a front tip 306 and a back end 307.
• the shaft 304 may be split into two shaft sections 304a and 304b.
• the shaft sections 304a, 304b may be biased away from each other in a non- triggered or default position so that a gap 325 is disposed between the shaft sections 304a, 304b. This non-triggered position may occur when a movable sleeve 318 is pulled away from the platform 305, as shown in FIG. ISA.
• the sleeve 218 may exert a force on the shaft sections 304a, 304b so that the shaft sections 304a, 304b move towards each other, as shown in FIG. 18B.
• the movement of shaft sections 304a, 304b towards each other may provide a grasping function, allowing the split shaft 304 to grasp tissue or an object.
• the movement of shaft sections 304a, 304b towards each other may provide a cutting function, allowing the split shaft 304 to cut tissue or an object.
• the platform 305 may otherwise have similar structures and/or functions as platform 5.
• the platform 305 and/or the sleeve 318 may be sized and shaped such that the sleeve 318 is not configured to slide over the entire platform 305.
• the sleeve 318 extends over just a portion of the platform 305 or none of the platform 305 at all.
• the sleeve 318 may be sized and shaped to fit completely over the platform in a sheathed or closed position, as shown in FIG. 19 A, and to slidably move away from the platform 305 to an unsheathed or open position to expose the platform 305, as shown in FIG. 19B.
• a device 412 may have a shaft 404 and a platform 405 having a front tip 406 and a back end 407.
• the platform 405 may have similar features as any of platforms 5, 105, 205, 305.
• a sleeve 418 is configured to slidably move over shaft 404.
• Sleeve 418 may include an extension member 417 that is configured to push tissue down onto blades 410, 411 of the platform 405 to cut or shear the tissue.
• the extension member 417 may be sized and shaped to fit between the blades 410, 411 to improve the cutting of tissue when the sleeve 418 is moved to a closed position shown in FIG. 20 A.
• the extension member 417 may be a short finger that is configured to push tissue down onto the blades 410, 411 as the device 412 is moved through a tissue site.
• the extension member 417 may be sized and shaped (e.g., long finger) to provide for grasping tissue or an ob j ect between the extension member 417 and a front portion of the platform 405.
• Devices 112, 212, 312, 412 may be configured to have any desired shape shaft 104, 204, 304, 404 and sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418.
• the shaft 104, 204, 304, 404 may be cylindrical (e.g., circular cross-section) and the sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may be shaped similarly to match.
• the shaft 104, 204, 304, 404 and sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may be oval shaped, egg shaped, and the like.
• the sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may be sized and shaped to be form fitting with the shaft 104, 204, 304, 404.
• the sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may be shaped to just fit around the shaft 104, 204, 304, 404 (e.g., form fit).
• a form fit sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may not have a fluid flow channel between the shaft 104, 204, 304, 404 and the sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418.
• the sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may be shaped differently than the shaft 104, 204, 304, 404, such as a circular shaft 104, 204, 304, 404 and an elliptical sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418.
• the sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may be formed from one or more materials to be rigid or substantially rigid (e.g., metal).
• a device 512 having a sleeve 518 may be used to aspirate biologic materiai (e.g., blood, tissue) from an eye.
• irrigation fluid may flow through the sleeve 518 and exit through one or more ports 538.
• the aspiration may be provided by a suction force pulling the biologic material back through a hollow portion (e.g., lumen) of a shaft 504.
• the sleeve 518 may be any desired material (e.g., silicone).
• the shaft 504 may have an engagement member 539 configured to stop the sleeve 518 from sliding further up the shaft 504.
• the engagement member 539 may project outward from the shaft 504, where the engagement member 539 may be a pm, a disc, a ridge, and the like.
• the engagement member 539 may be retractable such that the engagement member 539 may prevent the sleeve 518 from sliding further up the shaft 504 when in an engagement position and the engagement member 539 may allow' the sleeve 518 to slide further up the shaft 504 when in a retracted position.
• any of devices 112, 212, 312, 412 may be disposed within sleeve 518.
• sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 may be a rigid metal cannula and sleeve 518 may be a flexible silicone sleeve disposed over the rigid metal sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418 and have an opening at an end of the sleeve 518 from which a platform 5, 105, 205, 305 may be extended.
• the sleeve 518 may provide a fluid circuit configured to provide fluid flow out of ports 538, where the fluid flows in a space between the sleeve 518 and the sleeve 118, 218, 318, 418, and fluid and/or tissue flow ' back through the device 112, 212, 312, 412.
• embodiments of the invention be limited to any particular construction material; however, it is believed that preferred materials include titanium, stainless steel, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), ceramics, rigid plastics, shape memory' alloy such as nitinol, and shape memory polymers.
• PEEK polyether ether ketone
• the platform is made of silicon or another polymer or a hydrogel.
• the knives as contemplated herein may be made of a material that is transparent to optical coherence tomography (OCT) wavelengths (e,g,m typically 800- 1600nm).
• OCT optical coherence tomography
• an OCT transparent material includes, but is not limited to glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate), polyvinyl chloride, poly(m ethyl methacrylate), or polyphenyl sul tone.
• the present device is made from metal alloy materials described by Furst, J. G. et al. “Metal Alloys for Medical Devices,” United States Patent 7,648,591 [40], Richter, K. “Amorphous Metal Alloy Medical Devices,” United States Patent 7,955,387 [41], all herein incorporated by reference.
• the present device is made from a shape memory polymer materials described by Reimink, M. S. and Ogle, M. F. “Medical Devices with Polymer/Inorganic Substrate Composites,” United States Patent 7,604,663 [42], Danger, R. S. and Lend!ein, A.
• the device of the current invention is rigid at room temperature, but is more flexible at body temperature.
• the portions of the device of the current invention are rigid at room temperature, but are more flexible at body temperature.
• portions of the device are made from different materials.
• portions of the device are made from materials of various rigidity.
• said shaft is flexible.
• said shaft is made from a lower density material.
• the device of the current invention is rigid at room temperature, but is more flexible at body temperature.
• the portions of the device of the current invention are rigid at room temperature, but are more flexible at body temperature.
• portions of the device are made from different materials.
• portions of the device are made from materials of various rigidity.
• said tool shaft 3 is flexible.
• said shaft is made from a lower density material.
• the present invention contemplates, a method for using an ophthalmic knife, comprising: a) providing an ophthalmic knife selected from the group consisting of a dual platform/dual blade ophthalmic knife, a quad -blade ophthalmic knife, an ultrasonic ophthalmic knife, a pincer ophthalmic knife, a gripping ophthalmic knife, a lancet ophthalmic knife, an axial blade ophthalmic knife and a V -blade ophthalmic knife; b) advancing said ophthalmic knife through an incision to a tissue target site; and c) cutting a strip of tissue from said target site.
• an ophthalmic knife selected from the group consisting of a dual platform/dual blade ophthalmic knife, a quad -blade ophthalmic knife, an ultrasonic ophthalmic knife, a pincer ophthalmic knife, a gripping ophthalmic knife, a lancet ophthalmic knife, an axial blade
• embodiments of the invention be limited to any particular method, medical target, or device confirmation; however, it is believed that the device may be optimally designed to remove trabecular meshwork of the eye, unroofing small vessels (such as veins, arteries, lymphatic vessels, or other vessel with a lumen), and for creating a hole or opening in the tympanic membrane of the ear. It is not. intended that embodiments of the invention be limited to any particular mechanism; however, it is believed that creating an opening in the tympanic membrane of the ear may help aid in treating ear disease.
• the device may be optimally designed for an ophthalmic endoscopy- system endoscope.
• One such system is commercially called “Endo Optiks.”
• Approval for a preclimcal study [49] was obtained from the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board for the use of human material prior to initiation of the study and the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed. Informed consent was obtained from donors or relatives for use in research by the eye bank from which human globes were obtained.
• a standard power setting of 0.8 W was used during treatment.
• a dual-blade device was used to incise the TM of 2 samples.
• the blade tip was used to incise TM in a manner similar to that used for goniotomy and the blade was then advanced in a clockwise fashion along the extent of the TM.
• the blade tip was tilted upwards to incise a complete ribbon of TM and the process was repeated in a counterclockwise fashion to incise the remaining TM tissue.
• the human globe was first prepared by injecting Dul bee GO’S modified Eagle medium (DMEM; Invitrogen/ Life Technologies, Carlsbad, California, USA) through the optic nerve with a 26-gauge needle until the globe had returned to a spherical shape.
• DMEM Dul bee GO’S modified Eagle medium
• the perfusion line (terminating in another 26-gauge needle) was inserted diagonally through the anterior chamber of the eye, passing through the cornea and pupil and ending with the tip beneath the iris.
• the globe was surrounded by damp gauze and the perfusion pump (filled with DMEM) was set to an initial inflow rate of 7 mL/min TOP was allowed to increase until it reached 30 mm Hg.
• the infusion rate was then reduced to 2-5 mL/min to maintain a steady-state IOP for at least 60 minutes prior to TM incision.
• a preoperative IOP was measured immediately prior to incision in each case.
• a 1.7 mm stainless steel keratome blade (BD) was used create a tri -beveled clear corneal incision near the limbus, and the anterior chamber was filled with enough viscoelastic (HealonGV; Abbott Medical Optics, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA) to maintain the anterior chamber and provide adequate visualization during the procedure in each case.
• HealonGV Abbott Medical Optics, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
• Each technique was performed under gonioscopic view using a standard direct gomoscope with microscope assistance. The surgical procedure used for each device is described above. In each case, approximately 100-180 degrees of TM was treated. For each device, treatment was started 180 degrees away from the corneal wound and extended along the angle in a clockwise direction. The device was then extended in a counterclockwise direction from the same starting point. Every
• IOP intraocular pressure
• MVR microvitreoretmal
• TM leaflets with the dual-blade device may be beneficial in reducing the chances of future physical obstruction, and the lack of tissue damage may also reduce the inflammatory response or subsequent fibrosis at the surgical site.
• the dual-blade device resulted in significant IOP lowering in a human eye perfusion model. Although all 3 devices yielded similar immediate reduction in IOP after use in a perfusion model, it is unclear how a more complete removal of TM tissue and decreased collateral damage with the dual-blade device of the present invention will translate into long term surgical outcomes when used to treat glaucoma. No correlation was found between degrees of TM treated and IOP reduction. It is plausible that TOP reduction may depend more on the number of downstream collector channels exposed rather than the absolute amount of TM removal alone.
• one embodiment of the present invention contemplates a novel medical- grade stainless steel dual-blade device that can successfully remove TM with no discernible collateral damage was designed.
• the device comprises a unique dual-edge blade design using precise geometries to allow for more complete removal of TM tissue (Figure 4A&B).
• Figure 4A&B the mechanism of an invention, it is believed that the procedure is performed from an ab intern approach and is viscoelastic to maintain the anterior chamber.
• the size and tip of the blade can allow' for a smooth entry into the Schiemm’s canal, similar to techniques used for traditional goniotomy procedures.
• the tip is advanced through the Schiemm’s canal and the TM is elevated along a designed ramp that guides tissue toward a set of blades positioned specifically to incise and remove TM.
• the dual-blade device transects TM and elevates TM off of the outer wall of the Schiemm’s canal.
• the angle between the distal cutting edge and the handle is engineered to allow maximal angle treatment through 1 incision while avoiding trauma to the cornea above or the scleral spur below'.
• the excised TM may then be removed from the eye with forceps or aspirated during the irngation/aspiration phase if combined with cataract extraction.
• the device of the present invention can easily pass through clear corneal incisions as small as 1.2 mm, thus obviating the need for additional incisions when coupled with phacoemulsification.
• This procedure begins with an incision in trabecular meshwork extending into sclera with large segments of trabecular meshwork.
• an MVR blade was used to incise the trabecular meshw'ork to create an opening into Schlemm’s canal.
• a histological sample was provided from a procedure in which an incision exists through Trabecular meshwork and extends into sclera. There w'ere large leaflets of trabecular meshwork remaining on either side of the incision. These leaflets scar down and close the opening that was created into Schlemm’s canal. This preludes any long-term benefit in intraocular pressure lowering which is the goal of the surgery.
• a Trabectome® device was used to engage the trabecular meshwork and cautery was applied to the trabecular meshwork.
• the circle shows an area where a small segment of trabecular meshwork was removed; however, there are large leaflets of trabecular meshwork remaining and charred tissue on either side of the treatment area.
• Post Trabectome® treatment showed trabecular meshwork remnants and charring of tissue.
• Tissue debris is occluding a collector channel this device “bums” tissue and the burning of tissue creates inflammation that leads to more scar formation that leads to failure of the surgically induced opening into Schlemm’s canal.
• cautery due to cautery, many bubbles are formed during the procedure that makes visualization difficult during the actual procedure.

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• 2020
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