EP4065635A1

EP4065635A1 - Foamed sealing element and container closure comprising the foamed sealing element

Info

Publication number: EP4065635A1
Application number: EP20825233.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Juergen KINTSCHER; Andreas Maniera
Original assignee: Silgan Holdings Inc
Current assignee: Silgan Holdings Inc
Priority date: 2019-11-29
Filing date: 2020-11-18
Publication date: 2022-10-05
Also published as: WO2021105821A1; DE102019132561A1; CN115087694A

Abstract

A sealing element made of a polymer material comprises a polymer composition. The polymer composition comprises at least one polyolefin. The polymer material is in the form of a foamed material. The foamed polymer material has a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of not more than 0.950 g cm³.

Description

Foamed sealing element and

Vessel closure with the foamed sealing element

The invention relates to a foamed sealing element based on polyolefin which is used in a vessel closure.

Sealing elements based on polyolefins (thermoplastic elastomers) are relatively expensive compared to sealing elements based on PVC.

In addition, sealing elements based on polyolefins are often relatively hard. In order to reduce the hardness, white oil is often added to the polymer compositions from which the sealing elements are formed. Especially for fatty foods, white oil in a sealing element of a vessel closure increases the overall migration into the food considerably.

One object of the invention is to provide a sealing element for a vessel closure, the sealing element being relatively inexpensive to manufacture and showing a relatively low hardness.

Furthermore, the sealing element should have relatively low migration values.

Another object is to provide a sealing liner with a low oxygen permeability.

Use of the sealing element at low temperatures is also desirable.

The object is achieved by a sealing element according to claim 1, which can be used in a vessel closure according to claim 51. The vessel closure closes a vessel according to claim 52. The method for producing a foamed sealing element according to claim 53 also achieves the object.

The sealing element comprises a polymer material or consists of a polymer material. The polymer material comprises a polymer composition. The polymer composition comprises at least one polyolefin. The polymer material is foamed. In particular, the foamed polymer material was produced by foaming the polymer composition. The foamed polymer material has a density of a maximum of 0.950 g cm ³ .

The polymer material can comprise the polymer composition as a matrix. Pores which are filled with a gas can be formed in the matrix. The gas can comprise an inert gas, for example carbon dioxide and / or nitrogen, this in each case in a concentration which is above the concentration of the gases in air. The pores of the polymer material in the matrix of the polymer composition can also be filled exclusively with carbon dioxide and / or nitrogen.

Compared to the density of the polymer composition (before foaming), the density of the polymer material (after foaming) is reduced by gas inclusions in pores formed.

The density of the polymer material, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1183-1, is preferably a maximum of 0.920 g cm ³ . The polymer material particularly preferably has a density of at most 0.875 g cm ³ .

The density of the polymer material can be a maximum of 0.860 g cm ³ . In particular, the density of the polymer material is a maximum of 0.840 g cm ³ . The density of the foamed polymer material is preferably a maximum of 0.820 g cm ³ . The density can also be a maximum of 0.800 g cm ³ or a maximum of 0.780 g cm ³ .

The density of the polymer material can be at least 0.400 g cm ³ , at least 0.500 g cm ^-3 , at least 0.600 g cm ³ or at least 0.700 g cm ³ .

The density of the polymer material can be between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.950 g cm ³ , preferably between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.920 g cm ³ or between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.875 g cm ³ .

The density of the polymer material can be between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.860 g cm ³ .

Specifically, the density of the polymer material is between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.840 g cm ³ . The density of the foamed polymer material is preferably between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.820 g cm ³ . The density can also be between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.800 g cm ³ or between 0.400 g cm ³ and 0.780 g cm ³ .

The density of the polymer material is particularly preferably between 0.600 g cm ³ and 0.860 g cm ³ .

The density of the polymer material can be determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1.

The foaming reduces the density. The density of the foamed polymer material can be reduced by at least 2%, 5% or 10% compared to the unfoamed polymer material.

The density of the unfoamed polymer material corresponds (essentially) to the density of the polymer composition if (exclusively) the polymer composition forms the matrix of the foamed polymer material.

The density of the foamed polymer material can also be reduced by at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25% compared to the density of the unfoamed polymer material (unfoamed state). In particular, the density of the foamed polymer material is reduced by at least 50%, at least 35% or at least 50% compared to the density of the unfoamed polymer material.

The density of the foamed polymer material is preferably by a maximum of 75%, preferably by a maximum of 65%, more preferably by a maximum of 50%, reduced compared to the density of the unfoamed polymer material (unfoamed state)

The density of the foamed polymer material is preferably reduced by between 15% and 50% compared to the density of the unfoamed polymer material (unfoamed state).

The foaming can be carried out physically or chemically.

In the case of physical foaming, a softened (flowable) polymer composition can be supplied with a gas, e.g. an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, so that pores are formed in the polymer composition which are filled with the supplied gas.

In chemical foaming, a polymer composition, which can be in a softened or flowable state, can be admixed with substances that react chemically under controlled conditions, releasing a gas (e.g. carbon dioxide). The released gas forms pores in which the gas can collect.

Chemical foaming is preferably used to form the foamed polymer material.

In particular, the polymer material is foamed with closed cells.

The polymer composition can comprise a butene copolymer with a melting temperature T _m between 30 ° C and 130 ° C. The melting temperature T _m can be measured as part of a DSC measurement using the second heating curve at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.

The melting temperature T _{m of} the butene copolymer is preferably between 40.degree. C. and 125.degree. The melting temperature T _{m of} the butene copolymer is particularly preferably between 80.degree. C. and 125.degree. The melting temperature T _{m of} the butene copolymer can also be between 105 ° C and 125 ° C.

The butene of the butene copolymer is preferably 1-butene.

A comonomer of the butene copolymer can be propene, so that the butene copolymer is a butene-propene copolymer. The butene copolymer can be a bipolymer, so that the butene copolymer has precisely one further comonomer, for example propene, in addition to butene.

The butene copolymer can have a proportion of between 0.1% by weight and 80% by weight of the polymer composition. The butene copolymer can also be present in the polymer composition between 5% and 60% by weight. The proportion of the butene copolymer is preferably between 8% by weight and 55% by weight in the polymer composition.

Weight percentages with reference to the polymer composition generally relate to the proportion of the respective component relative to the total weight of all components in the polymer composition. This including a propellant.

The polymer composition can comprise another butene copolymer. This further butene copolymer is a different type of polymer than the butene copolymer already described. The butene copolymer already described and the other butene copolymer in the polymer composition can differ in terms of their physical properties (e.g. density, melting temperature, hardness, etc.). The butene copolymers can also differ in their structure (block copolymers, random copolymers, etc.).

The butene copolymers can also differ in the nature of their comonomers (ethene, propene, etc.).

The butene in the further butene copolymer can be 1-butene. Ethene can be a comonomer of the further butene copolymer.

The copolymerized butene fraction of the further butene copolymer can be at least 60 mol%, in particular at least 80 mol%.

The further butene copolymer can be a butene bipolymer, so that the butene bipolymer has exactly one other type of comonomer in addition to the butene.

The further butene copolymer can be represented in the polymer composition in a proportion between 10% by weight and 80% by weight. The further butene copolymer is preferably present in the polymer composition in a proportion between 22% by weight and 70% by weight. In particular, the polymer composition contains between 40% by weight and 65% by weight of the further butene copolymer.

The polymer composition can comprise a polyethene.

The polyethene can be a homopolyethene. Specifically, the homopolyethene can be an LDPE (low density polyethylene) or an HDPE (high density polyethylene).

The polymer composition can comprise between 5% and 60% by weight of the polyethene. The proportion of polyethene in the polymer composition is preferred between 10% and 45% by weight. Specifically, the polyethene is comprised between 15% and 35% by weight in the polymer composition.

The polymer composition can comprise a random propene copolymer.

The random propene copolymer can have ethene as a comonomer. In particular, the random propene copolymer is a bipolymer.

The polymer composition preferably contains a random propene-ethene copolymer.

The random propene copolymer can be contained between 5% by weight and 60% by weight in the polymer composition. In particular, the proportion of the random propene copolymer is between 10% by weight and 45% by weight. The proportion of the random propene copolymer is particularly preferably between 15% by weight and 35% by weight in the polymer composition.

The polymer composition can also comprise a butene homopolymer which is specifically included between 5% by weight and 60% by weight in the polymer composition.

The butene of the butene homopolymer is specifically a 1-butene.

In particular, the butene homopolymer is present in the polymer composition between 10% by weight and 45% by weight. In particular, the proportion of butene homopolymer in the polymer composition is between 15% by weight and 35% by weight.

The polymer composition can also comprise a copolymer, with styrene being a comonomer of the copolymer.

In particular, the copolymer comprising styrene as a comonomer is an SBS, SEPS, SEEPS or SEBS. The copolymer which comprises styrene as a comonomer is particularly preferably an SEBS.

The styrene-containing copolymer can be contained in the polymer composition between 10% by weight and 70% by weight. The proportion of the styrene-containing copolymer is preferably between 20% by weight and 60% by weight in the polymer composition. The styrene-containing copolymer can also be present in the polymer composition between 35% by weight and 55% by weight.

The butene copolymer, in particular the butene-propene copolymer, can be present in the polymer composition in a proportion of at least 80% by weight. The butene copolymer can also be present in the polymer composition to an extent of at least 90% by weight. In this case, the butene copolymer, in particular the butene-propene Copolymer, the only polymeric component of the polymer composition and the polymer composition contain only additives in addition to the butene copolymer.

Due to the advantageous composition of the polymer compositions, a high proportion of components which are liquid at 20 ° C. and 1000 hPa can be avoided. An example of such a component, which is liquid at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa, is white oil. The polymer composition therefore preferably comprises a maximum of 10% by weight of a component which is liquid at 20 ° C. and 1000 hPa. In particular, the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 5% by weight of such a component. In particular, the polymer composition does not include such a component (within the scope of the analytical possibilities on the filing date).

The polymer composition can be designed in such a way that it has a static coefficient of friction of at most 0.50, preferably of at most 0.40. The coefficient of friction is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295. A low coefficient of friction of the polymer composition enables the vascular closure to be used advantageously, in particular when closing a vessel with the vascular closure, whereby there is friction between the sealing element of the vascular closure and the vessel and when opening one with it a vascular closure closed vessel.

The polymer composition can comprise between 43% by weight and 57% by weight of the butene copolymer and between 43% by weight and 57% by weight of the further butene copolymer.

The polymer composition specifically comprises between 8% by weight and 16% by weight of the butene copolymer, between 55% by weight and 65% by weight of the further butene copolymer and between 18% by weight and 30% by weight % of homopolyethene (especially LDPE or HDPE).

The polymer composition preferably comprises between 8% by weight and 16% by weight of the butene copolymer, between 55% by weight and 65% by weight of the further butene copolymer and between 18% by weight and 30% by weight % of random propene copolymer.

Specifically, the polymer composition comprises between 8% by weight and 16% by weight of the butene copolymer, between 55% by weight and 65% by weight of the further butene copolymer and between 18% by weight and 30% by weight % of butene homopolymer.

The polymer composition can contain between 8% by weight and 16% by weight of the butene copolymer, between 55% by weight and 65% by weight of the further butene copolymer, between 3% by weight and 12% by weight of homo-polyethene (in particular LDPE) and between 10% by weight and 22% by weight of the random propene copolymer. Preferably, the polymer composition generally shows an oxygen permeability rate of less than 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , particularly preferred less than 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ .

In particular, the polymer composition has an oxygen permeability rate between 50 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ and 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ .

The oxygen permeability rate can be determined in accordance with DIN 53380. A low oxygen permeability rate of the polymer composition results in a small amount of oxygen entering a vessel which is closed with one of the vessel closures described. In this way, a longer shelf life of a product in a filled and closed vessel can be guaranteed.

The overall migration of the polymer composition can be a maximum of 1.2 mg cm ² , preferably a maximum of 1.0 mg cm ² , particularly preferably a maximum of 0.8 mg cm ² , the overall migration of the polymer composition being able to be determined in accordance with DIN-EN 1186-14.

If a filled vessel is closed by a vessel closure with a sealing element made of the polymer composition and with a surface / mass ratio of 1 cm ² contact area of the sealing element to 0.02 kg mass of the product in the vessel, a total migration limit of 60 mg kg ^{1 is} observed.

The polymer composition typically includes additives. The polymer composition preferably comprises a maximum of 15% by weight of additives. In particular, the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 8% by weight of additives. A maximum of 6% by weight is particularly preferably contained in the polymer composition.

The additives used can be selected from the group: pigments, nucleating agents, brighteners, stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, antioxidants or combinations thereof.

The polymer composition can also comprise a heterophasic copolymer.

A heterophasic copolymer comprises (at least) two phases, one of the phases being a continuous phase and in which a second phase is dispersed. The heterophasic copolymer is preferably produced by a multistage reaction procedure, the first phase being produced in one or more reactors and the second phase being produced in one or more other reactors. Surprisingly, it has been found that the use of a heterophasic copolymer in a sealing element of a vessel closure enables the production of vessel closures with excellent properties. It has been shown that heterophasic copolymers with a first phase (continuous phase) of high crystallinity and a dispersed second phase with elastomeric properties are particularly suitable.

The proportion of the dispersed phase in the heterophasic copolymer is typically up to 10% by weight, especially between 3% by weight and 27% by weight, even more specifically between 5% by weight and 20% by weight.

The proportion of the continuous phase in the heterophasic copolymer is preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably between 73% by weight and 97% by weight, even more preferably between 80% by weight and 95% by weight.

The Shore D hardness of the heterophasic copolymer, measured according to DIN ISO 7619, can be a maximum of 65, in particular a maximum of 62. This means that the hardness of the heterophasic copolymer is below the hardness of homo-polypropene, the hardness of homo-polypropene typically being more than Shore D 70 is.

The heterophasic copolymer is preferably a propene-ethene copolymer. In such a copolymer, the continuous phase can be formed as homo-polypropene and the elastomeric phase dispersed therein can be a propene-ethene copolymer. Specifically, the heterophasic copolymer can be a propene-ethene bipolymer, the propene-ethene bipolymer being formed only from the monomeric propene and ethene.

The polymer composition can comprise the heterophasic copolymer in a weight range between 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight (between 10% by weight and 50% by weight). In particular, the polymer composition contains the heterophasic copolymer in a range between 0.1% by weight and 30% by weight (between 10% by weight and 30% by weight). The proportion of the heterophasic copolymer is preferably in

Polymer composition between 0.1% and 20% by weight. Particularly good results are achieved when the heterophasic copolymer is contained between 5% by weight and 20% by weight in the polymer composition.

In addition to the heterophasic copolymer or as an alternative to the heterophasic copolymer, the polymer composition can contain a random propene-ethene copolymer, this in the same proportion by weight as the heterophasic copolymer.

The polymer composition can also contain a butene copolymer. In particular, the butene copolymer can be a butene bipolymer. The butene of the butene copolymer is preferably 1-butene.

Butene can have the predominant molar proportion of all monomers in the butene copolymer. Specifically, the proportion of butene in the butene copolymer is at least 60 mol%. The copolymerized proportion of butene in the butene copolymer is preferably even higher, namely at least 70 mol% or even at least 80 mol%.

Ethene can be a copolymer of the butene copolymer, so that the butene copolymer can be a butene-ethene copolymer. Specifically, the butene-ethene copolymer can be a butene-ethene bipolymer.

The butene copolymer can be contained between 10% by weight and 85% by weight in the polymer composition. The butene copolymer is preferably contained between 30% by weight and 85% by weight in the polymer composition. Very good results are achieved when the butene copolymer is contained between 50% by weight and 75% by weight in the polymer composition.

The butene copolymer can be a random copolymer and can be (completely) amorphous, so it cannot have any crystallinity.

Furthermore, the polymer composition can contain a polyethene homopolymer. LDPE (low density polyethylene) in particular has proven to be advantageous for this.

The polyethene homopolymer can be contained in the polymer composition between 0.1% by weight and 60% by weight. The polyethene homopolymer can also be contained in the polymer composition between 0.1% by weight and 40% by weight. Specifically, the polymer composition comprises between 0.1% and 20% by weight of the polyethene homopolymer. The proportion of the polyethene homopolymer in the polymer composition is particularly preferably between 5% by weight and 20% by weight.

The composition preferably comprises between 10% by weight and 35% by weight (up to 35% by weight) of the heterophasic copolymer and between 65% by weight and 90% by weight (at least 65% by weight) of the Butene copolymers.

The composition can also be between 5% by weight and 30% by weight of the heterophasic copolymer, between 60% by weight and 85% by weight of the butene copolymer and between 2% by weight and 20% by weight of the Polyethene homopolymer included.

The advantageous composition of the polymer composition makes it possible to dispense with large proportions of homo-polypropene, so that the polymer composition can comprise a maximum of 20% by weight of homo-polypropene. In particular, the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 10% by weight homo-polypropene. Most preferred the polymer composition does not include homo-polypropene within the analytical possibilities on the filing date. The homo-polypropene is to be understood as an independent polymer and is not to be understood as a component of the heterophasic copolymer or any other polymer.

The advantageous composition of the polymer compositions also makes it possible to avoid a high proportion of components which are liquid at 20 ° C. and 1000 hPa. An example of such a component, which is liquid at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa, is white oil. The polymer composition therefore preferably comprises a maximum of 10% by weight of a component which is liquid at 20 ° C. and 1000 hPa. In particular, the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 5% by weight of such a component. In particular, the polymer composition does not include such a component (within the scope of the analytical possibilities on the filing date).

The polymer composition can be designed in such a way that it has a static coefficient of friction of at most 0.50, preferably of at most 0.40. The coefficient of friction is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295.

The polymer composition typically includes additives. The polymer composition preferably comprises a maximum of 15% by weight of additives. In particular, the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 8% by weight of additives. A maximum of 4% by weight is particularly preferably contained in the polymer composition.

The polymer composition preferably shows an oxygen permeability rate of less than 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , particularly preferably from less than 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ .

The oxygen permeability rate can be determined in accordance with DIN 53380. A low oxygen permeability rate of the polymer composition results in a small amount of oxygen entering a vessel which is closed with one of the vessel closures described. In this way, a longer shelf life of a product in a filled and closed vessel can be guaranteed. The overall migration of the polymer composition can be a maximum of 1.0 mg cm ² , preferably a maximum of 0.8 mg cm ² , it being possible to determine the overall migration of the polymer composition in accordance with DIN-EN 1186-14.

The polymer composition can comprise a first polymer and a second polymer, the first polymer being contained between 5% by weight and 50% by weight (or between 5% by weight and 75% by weight) in the polymer composition and in which The first polymer is a random copolymer with a Shore D hardness of at least 35 (measured according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C. and a holding time of 15 s). The second polymer is contained between 50% by weight and 95% by weight (or between 25% by weight and 95% by weight) in the polymer composition. The second polymer is a polyolefin with a Shore A hardness of a maximum of 85 (measured according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C. and a holding time of 15 s).

A comonomer of the first polymer can be propene, so the first polymer can be a random propene copolymer.

The comonomer content of propene in the first polymer can be more than 50 mol%, preferably more than 60 mol%. In particular, the comonomer content of propene in the first polymer can be at least 70 mol%, preferably at least 80 mol%.

1-butene can be a comonomer of the first polymer. In the random l-butene copolymer, the comonomer content of 1-butene can be more than 50 mol%, preferably more than 60 mol%. The comonomer content of 1-butene in the first polymer can be at least 75 mol%, preferably at least 90 mol%.

Ethene can also be a comonomer of the first polymer as a random copolymer, so that the first polymer can be a random ethene copolymer. The proportion of the comonomer ethene in the first polymer can be less than 50 mol%, in particular the comonomer proportion of ethene is less than 40 mol% or even less than 30 mol%. In particular, the proportion of ethene as comonomer in the copolymer is at most 20 mol%, in particular at most 10 mol%.

1-hexene or 1-octene can also be a comonomer of the first polymer. The corresponding random-l-hexene copolymer or random-l-octene copolymer can contain 1-hexene or 1-octene as a comonomer in a proportion of less than 50 mol%.

Ethene as a comonomer of the first polymer can have a proportion of less than 50 mol%.

Specifically, the first polymer is a random propene-ethene copolymer, in particular with a comonomer content of propene of more than 50 mol% and a proportion of ethene of less than 50 mol%. The random propene-ethene copolymer preferably has a comonomer content of propene of at least 80 mol% and a comonomer content of ethene of at most 20 mol%.

The first polymer is preferably a random propene-l-hexene copolymer or a random propene-l-octene copolymer, especially with a molar proportion of propene of more than 50 mol% and a proportion of 1-hexene or 1- Octene of less than 50 mol%. In particular, the comonomer content of propene in the random copolymer is at least 70 mol% and the comonomer content of 1-hexene or 1-octene is at most 30 mol%.

It is also preferred that the first polymer is a random l-butene-ethene copolymer, the 1-butene fraction in the copolymer being particularly preferably more than 50 mol% and the proportion of ethene in the copolymer being less than Is 50 mol%. Specifically, the comonomer content of 1-butene in the random-1-butene copolymer is at least 90 mol% and the comonomer content of ethene in the copolymer is at most 10 mol%.

The first polymer can be a random propene copolymer, it being possible for ethene, 1-hexene or 1-octene to be a comonomer of the first polymer.

The first polymer can also be a random ethene copolymer, wherein propene or 1-butene can be a comonomer of the first polymer.

The first polymer can be a bipolymer.

The density of the first polymer can be greater than 0.890 g cm ³ . In particular, the density of the first polymer can be between 0.890 g cm ³ and 0.930 g cm ³ . Specifically, the density of the first polymer is between 0.895 g cm ³ and 0.920 g cm ³ . In one embodiment, the density of the first polymer can be between 0.890 g cm ³ and 0.905 g cm ³ . The density can be determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1.

The density of the second polymer can be less than 0.890 g cm ³ . In particular, the density of the second polymer is less than 0.880 g cm ³ . In particular, the second polymer exhibits a density between 0.890 g cm ³ and 0.860 g cm ³ . The density of the second polymer can also be between 0.880 g cm ³ and 0.865 g cm ³ .

The MFI (mass flow index) of the second polymer can be less than 30 g / 10 min, especially less than 10 g / 10 min, particularly preferably less than 5 g / 10 min, the MFI according to DIN EN ISO 1133 at 190 ° C and 2.16 kg is intended. The MFI of the second polymer can be between 0.5 g / 10 min and 50 g / 10 min or between 0.5 g / 10 min and 3 g / 10 min. The second polymer cannot have a melting temperature T _m , in particular a melting temperature Tm between 40 ° C and 125 ° C. The melting temperature T _m can be determined by the second heating curve of a DSC measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C. min- ¹ .

The MFI (DIN EN ISO 1133) of the first polymer can at a temperature of 190 ° C and a weight of 2.16 kg more than 500 g / 10 min, in particular more than 800 g / 10 min, especially more than 1000 g / 10 min. The MFI of the first polymer can be between 1000 g / 10 min and 1500 g / 10 min or between 1000 g / 10 min and 1400 g / 10 min.

The MFI (DIN EN ISO 1133) of the first polymer at a temperature of 230 ° C and a weight of 5.0 kg can be less than 50 g / 10 min, in particular less than 30 g / 10 min, especially less than 10 g / 10min. The MFI of the first polymer can be between 4 g / 10 min and 10 g / 10 min.

In particular, the MFI of the first polymer at a temperature of 230 ° C. and a weight of 5.0 kg can be less than 75 g / 10 min, especially less than 50 g / 10 min, more preferably less than 30 g / 10 min. The MFI of the first polymer can be between 10 g / 10 min and 30 g / 10 min.

The first polymer can have a melting point T _m between 80 ° C and 160 ° C. The melting temperature _{T m} can be determined by the second heating curve of a DSC measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min. In particular, the melting point T _{m of} the first polymer can be between 100 ° C and 160 ° C.

The melting point T _{m of} the first polymer can be between 80.degree. C. and 140.degree. C., preferably between 90.degree. C. and 110.degree.

The melting point T _{m of} the first polymer can also be between 100.degree. C. and 140.degree. C., especially between 110.degree. C. and 140.degree. C., particularly preferably between 125.degree. C. and 140.degree.

In one embodiment, the melting point T _{m of} the first polymer can be between 120.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., especially between 140.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., particularly preferably between 145.degree. C. and 160.degree.

The first polymer can have a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C., 15 s) between 40 and 80. The Shore D hardness of the first polymer is preferably between 50 and 70, especially between 57 and 67.

The second polymer can be a copolymer, that is to say a polyolefin copolymer. In particular, the second polymer is a random copolymer, i.e. a random polyolefin copolymer. 1-butene can be a comonomer of the second polymer and / or ethene can be a comonomer of the second polymer.

In particular, the second polymer is a 1-butene-ethene copolymer, particularly preferably a random-1-butene-ethene copolymer.

The comonomer content of 1-butene in the second polymer can be more than 50 mol%. The comonomer content of 1-butene in the second polymer is preferably at least 60 mol% or even at least 80 mol%.

The Shore A hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C, 15 s) of the second polymer can be between 30 and 85. The Shore A hardness of the second polymer is preferably between 40 and 80, particularly preferably between 50 and 70, especially between 55 and 65.

The first polymer can be contained in the polymer composition between 10% by weight and 40% by weight. The first polymer can also be contained in the polymer composition between 15% by weight and 35% by weight, preferably between 20% by weight and 30% by weight.

The polymer composition contains in particular between 55% by weight and 85% by weight of the second polymer. The content of the second polymer in the polymer composition is preferably between 60% by weight and 80% by weight, especially between 65% by weight and 75% by weight.

It is preferred that the polymer composition contains a maximum of 10% by weight of components which are liquid at 20 ° C. and 1000 hPa. Specifically, the

Polymer composition a maximum of 5% by weight of such a component and especially the polymer composition is free of a component that is liquid at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa, this within the scope of the analytical possibilities on the filing date or priority date.

In one embodiment, the polymer composition can be free of a copolymer that has styrene as a comonomer.

The polymer composition can also be free from homo-polypropene.

The polymer composition can contain up to 15% by weight of additives. In particular, the polymer composition contains up to 8% by weight of additives, particularly preferably a maximum of 6% by weight of additives.

Additives in the polymer composition can be selected from the group consisting of: pigments, nucleating agents, brighteners, stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, antioxidants and combinations thereof. The polymer composition can have a static coefficient of friction (determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295 of a maximum of 0.50, in particular a static coefficient of friction of a maximum of 0.40. Specifically, the static coefficient of friction of the polymer composition is between 0.30 and 0.40 or between 0, 20 and 0.32.

The oxygen permeability rate of the polymer composition can be less than 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 600 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 450 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , especially a maximum of 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . The oxygen permeability rate of the polymer composition is particularly preferably between 300 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ and 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ or between 320 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ and 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ .

The oxygen permeability rate can be measured according to DIN 53380. The rate of oxygen permeability of the polymer composition in the vessel closure has an influence on the possible storage time of a vessel which is closed with the vessel closure and which is filled with food.

The overall migration of the polymer composition can be a maximum of 1.20 mg cm ² , preferably a maximum of 1.00 mg cm ² , particularly preferably a maximum of 0.80 mg cm ² , even more preferably a maximum of 0.75 mg cm ² . The overall migration of the polymer composition according to DIN-EN 1186-14 can be determined. In particular, the overall migration of the polymer composition is between 0.50 mg cm ² and 0.80 mg cm ² or between 0.80 mg cm ² and 1.10 mg cm ² .

Different polymers in the polymer composition can differ in their physical properties (e.g. density, melting temperature, hardness, etc.). Copolymers can also differ in their structure (block copolymer, random copolymer, etc.). Copolymers can also differ in the nature of their comonomers (ethene, propene, etc.).

The polymer composition can comprise a polyalphaolefin and a second polyolefin. The polyalphaolefin (first polyolefin) has a kinematic viscosity of at least 4 cSt at a temperature of 100 ° C. The kinematic viscosity can be determined according to ASTM D 445 or ISO 3104, preferably according to ISO 3104. Additionally or alternatively, the polyalphaolefin has a dropping point of at most -10 ° C. The dropping point can be determined according to ASTM 5950. The second polyolefin is contained in the polymer composition in a proportion of up to 95% by weight. The polyalphaolefin of the sealing element of the vessel closure can be in liquid form (liquid in the aggregate state) at 23 ° C. and 1 bar.

The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin can be between 4 cSt and 1500 cSt at a temperature of 100 ° C. In particular, the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at a temperature of 100 ° C is between 50 cSt and 1000 cSt or between 120 cSt and 1000 cSt. Most preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at a temperature of 100 ° C. is between 250 cSt and 1000 cSt. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100 ° C. can also be at least 250 cSt. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin can be at most 1500 cSt at a temperature of 100 ° C.

The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at a temperature of 100 ° C can also be between 2 cSt and 10 cSt, between 55 cSt and 75 cSt, between 140 cSt and 160 cSt, between 280 cSt and 320 cSt or between 900 cSt and 1100 cSt.

The dropping point (determined according to ASTM 5950) can be a maximum of -20 ° C. Specifically, the drop point of the polyalphaolefin is -30 ° C at most.

The density of the polyalphaolefin of the polymer composition can be up to 0.860 g cm ³ . In particular, the density of the polyalphaolefin is between 0.825 g cm ³ and 0.855 g cm ³ . The density of the polyalphaolefin can also be between 0.840 g cm ³ and 0.855 g cm ³ .

The average molecular weight M _{w of} the polyalphaolefin can be at least 440 Da. In particular, the average molecular weight M _{w of} the polyalphaolefin is between 440 Da and 12,000 Da or between 1,000 Da and 10,000 Da. Most preferably, the average molecular weight M _{w of} the polyalphaolefin is between 3000 Da and 10000 Da.

The polyalphaolefin can be a metallocene polyalphaolefin. The polyalphaolefin may have been made through the use of a metallocene catalyst.

The polyalphaolefin can be a Ziegler-Natta polyalphaolefin. The polyalphaolefin may have been made through the use of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.

The polyalphaolefin can be a homopolymer or a copolymer.

Specifically, the polyalphaolefin is a homopolymer of a C ₃ to C ₂ 2 alpha olefin. To produce the polyalphaolefin as a homopolymer, alpha-olefins of length C ₃ to C ₂ 2 are used as monomers. Preference is given to using C ₆ to Ci ₄ alpha-olefins or C ₈ to Ci ₀ alpha-olefins as monomers for the polyalphaolefin as homopolymer. The polyalphaolefin can be a 1-octene homopolymer (alpha-octene homopolymer) or a 1-decene homopolymer (alpha-decene homopolymer), preferably an alpha-decene homopolymer.

As a copolymer, the polyalphaolefin is built up from at least two different types of alpha-olefins of length C ₃ to C22 as comonomers. Specifically, two different types of alpha olefins of length C ₆ to Ci ₄ or C ₈ to Ci _{0 are used} as comonomers.

The polyalphaolefin can be a bipolymer.

The polyalphaolefin can be a synthetic fluid (at 23 ° C. and 1 bar), in particular the polyalphaolefin is a completely synthetic fluid (at 23 ° C. and 1 bar).

The polyalphaolefin can be hydrogenated, in particular the polyalphaolefin is completely hydrogenated.

The polyalphaolefin can be a mixture of different types of polyalphaolefins. For example, the polyalphaolefin can be a mixture of at least two polyalphaolefins which differ in their kinematic viscosity and / or in their (co) monomers. For this purpose, at least two of the polyalphaolefins disclosed herein can be present as a mixture.

The polyalphaolefin can be contained in the polymer composition in a proportion of up to 65% by weight. In general, percentages by weight relate to the total mass of the polymer compositions. In particular, the proportion of polyalphaolefin in the polymer composition is between 3% by weight and 65% by weight or between 3% by weight and 50% by weight. More specifically, the proportion of polyalphaolefin in the polymer composition can be between 3% by weight and 10% by weight or between 5% by weight and 30% by weight.

The proportion of polyalphaolefin in the polymer composition can be between 3% by weight and 7% by weight, between 7% by weight and 12% by weight, between 14% by weight and 20% by weight, between 17% by weight % and 23% by weight, between 27% by weight and 33% by weight or between 35% by weight and 45% by weight.

The second polyolefin in the polymer composition is different from the polyalphaolefin. For example, different types of polymers can differ in their structure (e.g. (co) monomers of the polymers) or in at least one property (e.g. hardness, density).

The second polyolefin can have a Shore A hardness at 23 ° C (DIN ISO 7619-1; holding time 15 s) of at most 90. In particular, the Shore A hardness is between 30 and 90 at 23 ° C. The second polyolefin can be a plastomer or an elastomer.

Specifically, the second polyolefin is a polyolefin elastomer that has a density (DIN EN ISO 1183-1) between 0.860 g cm ³ and 0.889 g cm ³ .

The second polyolefin can also be a polyolefin plastomer, the density being between 0.890 g cm ³ and 0.910 g cm ³ .

The second polyolefin can be an elastomer with a density of less than 0.860 g cm ³ . In particular, the elastomer has a density between 0.780 g cm ³ and 0.859 g cm ³ or between 0.800 g cm ³ and 0.859 g cm ³ .

The second polyolefin can be a plastomer with a density of at most 0.910 g cm ³ . In particular, the plastomer has a density between 0.860 g cm ³ and 0.910 g cm ³ .

The second polyolefin can be a copolymer, in particular a random copolymer. Specifically, the second polyolefin is a copolymer which _{comprises 1-butene and a C 2} , C ₃ or C ₅ to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as a comonomer.

The proportion of alpha-butene in the copolymer can be more than 50 mol%. In particular, the proportion of alpha-butene in the copolymer is at least 60 mol% or at least 80 mol%.

The second polyolefin can be a copolymer, in particular a random copolymer, of propene and a C ₂ , C ₄ or C ₅ to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin.

The proportion of propene in the copolymer can be more than 50 mol%. In particular, the proportion of propene in the copolymer can be more than 60 mol% or more than 70 mol%.

The second polyolefin can be a copolymer, in particular a random or block copolymer, which _{comprises ethene and a C 5} to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as comonomer. Specifically, one comonomer of the copolymer is ethene and another comonomer of the copolymer is a C ₅ , C ₇ , Cg or Ci ₀ to Ci ₆ alpha-olefin.

The proportion of ethene in the copolymer can be more than 50 mol%. Specifically, the proportion of ethene in the copolymer is at least 60 mol% or at least 70 mol%.

In general, the second polyolefin can be a bipolymer.

The second polyolefin is particularly preferably a 1-butene-ethene copolymer, more than 50 mol% of 1-butene being present in the copolymer as, in particular, a bipolymer. The second polyolefin is also preferably a 1-butene-propene copolymer (bipolymer) with a molar proportion of 1-butene in the copolymer of more than 50 mol%.

The second polyolefin can have a weight fraction of at most 80% by weight in the polymer composition. Specifically, the proportion of the second polyolefin in the polymer composition is at most 70% by weight.

In the polymer composition, the second polyolefin can also have a proportion between 5% by weight and 95% by weight. More specifically, the proportion of the second polyolefin in the polymer composition is between 20% by weight and 95% by weight or between 50% by weight and 95% by weight.

The second polyolefin can be present in the polymer composition in a proportion between 55% by weight and 70% by weight. The second polyolefin can also be present in the polymer composition between 83% and 93% by weight.

The polymer composition can comprise a third and / or fourth polymer, the third and fourth polymers being different from the polyalphaolefin and the second polyolefin and the third polymer being different from the fourth polymer. The polyalphaolefin, the second polyolefin, the third polymer and the fourth polymer are therefore each different types of polymer.

The third and / or fourth polymer can be a polyolefin. The third and / or fourth polymer can have a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1; holding time 15 s) at 23 ° C. of at most 60. In particular, the Shore D hardness of the third and / or fourth polymer is between 20 and 60.

The third and / or fourth polymer can be a homopolymer. Specifically, the third and / or fourth polymer is built up as a homopolymer from a C ₂ to _{C 2} alpha-olefin. The third and / or fourth polymer as homopolymer can _{comprise a C 2} to C ₈ alpha-olefin or a C ₂ to C ₆ alpha-olefin as monomer.

It is particularly preferred that the third and / or fourth polymer is a polyethylene homopolymer (for example LDPE), a polypropene homopolymer or a 1-butene homopolymer.

The polypropene homopolymer can be a syndiotactic polypropene homopolymer. In particular, the degree of syndiotacticity (syndiotactic index) of the polypropene homopolymer can be at least 75%. The degree of syndiotacticity (syndiotactic index) can be determined by the methods described in US Pat. No. 5,476,914 B by NMR, IR or GPC, preferably by NMR. The third and / or fourth polymer can be a copolymer.

The third and / or fourth polymer is preferably a polypropene copolymer. The polypropene copolymer can be a syndiotactic polypropene copolymer. The polypropene copolymer can have a propene content of at least 60 mol%, in particular at least 75 mol%, more preferably at least 90 mol%, even more preferably at least 95 mol%, most preferably at least 98 mol%.

The polypropene copolymer preferably comprises the monomers ethene and propene. Ethene can be represented in the propene copolymer with a proportion of a maximum of 2 mol%.

The degree of syndiotacticity of the polypropene copolymer can be at least 75%.

Any of the polymer compositions disclosed herein can comprise the syndiotactic polypropene homopolymer and / or the syndiotactic polypropene copolymer.

The third and / or fourth polymer as a copolymer can have at least one or at least two (different) C ₂ to C ₁₂ alpha-olefins as comonomers. Specifically, the third and / or fourth polymer is built up as a copolymer of at least one or at least two (different) C ₂ to C ₈ alpha-olefins or C ₂ to C ₆ alpha-olefins.

The third and / or fourth polymer can be a bipolymer.

Most preferably, the third and / or fourth polymer is a propene-ethene copolymer (bipolymer), the proportion of propene in particular being higher than 50 mol%.

The third and / or fourth polymer as a copolymer can also be a propene-1-hexene copolymer (bipolymer), the proportion of propene in the copolymer being more than 50 mol%.

The third and / or fourth polymer can each be contained in the polymer composition to an extent of at most 35% by weight. The third and / or fourth polymer can each be contained in the polymer composition to an extent of between 5% by weight and 35% by weight or between 5% by weight and 27% by weight. Specifically, the proportion of the third and / or fourth polymer is in each case between 5% by weight and 18% by weight or between 11% by weight and 18% by weight.

The MFI (mass flow index) of the polymer composition can be less than 30 g / 10 min, especially less than 10 g / 10 min, particularly preferably less than 5 g / 10 min, the MFI according to DIN EN ISO 1133 at 190.degree and 2.16 kg is determined.

The polymer composition can contain a maximum of 10% by weight of a mineral oil, for example white oil, the polymer composition preferably contains a maximum of 5% by weight a mineral oil, particularly preferably the polymer composition is free from a mineral oil.

The polymer composition can contain up to 15% by weight of additives. In particular, the polymer composition contains up to 8% by weight of additives, particularly preferably a maximum of 6% by weight additives, most preferably a maximum of 5% by weight additives.

Additives in the polymer composition can be selected from the group consisting of: pigments, nucleating agents, brighteners, stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, antioxidants and combinations thereof.

The polymer composition can have a static coefficient of friction (determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295 of a maximum of 0.50, in particular a static coefficient of friction of a maximum of 0.40. Specifically, the static coefficient of friction of the polymer composition is between 0.10 and 0.40 or between 0, 15 and 0.40.

The oxygen permeability rate of the polymer composition can be at most 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably at most 2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably at most 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably at most 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably at most 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably at most 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably at most 1300 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably at most 900 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably at most 750 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . The oxygen permeability rate of the polymer composition is particularly preferably between 300 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ and 1300 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ or between 300 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ and 900 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ .

The overall migration of the polymer composition can be a maximum of 5.50 mg cm ² , preferably a maximum of 3.50 mg cm ² , particularly preferably a maximum of 2.50 mg cm ² , even more preferably a maximum of 1.50 mg cm ² . The overall migration of the polymer composition can be determined according to DIN-EN 1186-14. In particular, the overall migration of the polymer composition is between 0.50 mg cm ² and 3.00 mg cm ² or between 0.80 mg cm ² and 2.50 mg cm ² .

Different, i.e. different types of, polymers in the polymer composition can differ in their physical properties (e.g. density, melting temperature, hardness, etc.). Copolymers can also differ by their structure (block copolymer, random copolymer, etc.). Copolymers can also differ in the nature of their comonomers (ethene, propene, etc.).

In general, each of the polymer compositions disclosed herein can be a polyolefin composition, so that the polymer composition comprises exclusively polyolefins as polymeric components, it being possible for the polymer composition to contain additives and optionally blowing agents as non-polyolefins.

In general, any of the polymer compositions can be free from PVC (polyvinyl chloride).

A sealing element can comprise a polymer material or consist of the polymer material. The polymer material comprises a polymer composition. The polymer composition contains polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The polymer material is foamed and the foamed polymer material has a density (DIN EN ISO 1183-1) of a maximum of 1.100 g cm ³ .

The PVC can be soft PVC with a density between 1,200 g cm ³ and 1,350 g cm ³ . The PVC can have a density between 1.150 g cm ³ and 1.350 g cm ³ , in particular between 1.150 g cm ³ and 1.250 g cm ³ .

The foamed polymer material can have a density (DIN EN ISO 1183-1) of a maximum of 1,000 g cm ³ . In particular, the density of the foamed polymer material is a maximum of 0.900 g cm ³ , preferably a maximum of 0.850 g cm ³ , more preferably a maximum of 0.800 g cm ³ , even more preferably a maximum of 0.780 g cm ³ .

The polymer composition can include PVC, plasticizers and additives. The polymer composition preferably consists of PVC, plasticizers and additives.

The polymer composition preferably comprises between 20% by weight and 70% by weight, especially between 30% by weight and 50% by weight, plasticizers.

In general, it is preferred that each of the polymer compositions do not contain an oxygen scavenger.

In general, the (foamed) polymer material can consist of the polymer composition.

The foamed polymer material of the sealing element can be designed so that it has a static coefficient of friction of a maximum of 0.80, preferably of a maximum of 0.70, more preferably of a maximum of 0.60, even more preferred of a maximum of 0.50, most preferably of a maximum of 0, 40, has. The coefficient of friction is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295. The foamed polymer material can have an oxygen permeability rate of less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 2800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2600 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1600 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , particularly preferred of less than 1400 cm ³ m ² d

¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , even more preferably less than 1000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , most preferably less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . The oxygen permeability rate of the foamed polymer material can be less than 600 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . The oxygen permeability rate can be determined according to DIN 5BB80.

The overall migration of the foamed polymer material can be a maximum of 6.0 mg cm ² , preferably a maximum of 5.0 mg cm ² , particularly preferably a maximum of 4.0 mg cm ² , more preferably a maximum of 3.0 mg cm ² , even more preferably a maximum of 2.0 mg cm 2 ² , most preferably a maximum of 1.5 mg cm ² , or a maximum of 1.2 mg cm ² . The foamed polymer material can have an overall migration of a maximum of 1.0 mg cm ² , preferably a maximum of 0.8 mg cm ² . The overall migration of the polymer composition can be determined according to DIN-EN 1186-14.

Any of the sealing elements herein can be used in a vessel closure. A vessel closure can thus comprise any of the sealing elements disclosed herein.

The vessel closure typically comprises a carrier made of metal, plastic or metal and plastic (composite closure). The carrier of the vessel closure can be coated with an adhesive lacquer, in particular if the carrier is made of metal or comprises metal. The polymer composition can be applied to the carrier and the sealing element molded thereon. Likewise, the sealing element can be formed outside of the carrier and then inserted into the carrier, whereby the sealing element can be made to adhere to the carrier in some other way (e.g. via pressure and temperature).

The sealing element can be designed in the form of a disk or in the form of a ring.

With classic vascular closures, for example cam screw closures, the majority of the sealing element is formed in the flat area of the carrier, so that an upper end of a vessel mouth comes into contact with the sealing element when the vascular closure closes a vessel. In particular in the case of press-on twist-off vascular closures (PT vascular closures), a considerable proportion of the sealing element can also be formed in the apron area of the wearer. For composite PT Vessel closures, for example in the case of vascular closures sold under the brand name Band-Guard, a plastic thread of the vessel closure can interact with a mating thread of a vessel (for example a glass vessel with an external thread).

When a vessel is closed, a PT vascular closure is pressed onto the vascular opening (press-on) while the sealing element is sufficiently flowable when heated. An external thread in the mouth area of the vessel causes an internal thread (as the negative of the external thread) in the sealing element area on the skirt of the vessel closure carrier. The PT vascular occlusion is removed from the vessel by a twist-off movement.

The vascular closure can be a screw cap. The vessel closure is preferably a rotary cam closure. The vascular closure can also be a press-on twist-off vascular closure or a composite closure.

The vessel occlusion can close a vessel. The vessel comprises a vessel mouth and a closable opening at the end of the vessel mouth. This opening closes one of the disclosed vessel occlusions.

The vessel can be a glass vessel, a plastic vessel or a metal vessel. In particular, the vessel is a glass vessel.

The vessel closure, which closes the opening of the vessel, can comprise a carrier and the sealing element. The carrier can have a lower side and the vessel mouth can have an upper end. The sealing element of the vascular closure is typically clamped between the vascular opening and the carrier of the vascular closure so that the sealing element rests against both the upper end of the vascular opening and the lower side of the carrier. In particular, the height of the sealing element between the upper end of the vessel mouth and the lower side of the carrier is a maximum of 1.0 mm. This height is preferably a maximum of 0.8 mm and particularly preferably a maximum of 0.7 mm. The height can be determined in the axial direction of the vessel.

Analogously, the height of the sealing element between the upper end of the vessel mouth and the lower side of the carrier can be at least 0.2 mm. In particular, the height is at least 0.4 mm and particularly preferably at least 0.5 mm. The height of the sealing element can be measured in the axial direction of the vessel.

The height of the sealing element between the upper end of the vessel mouth and the lower side of the carrier is particularly preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.9 mm.

For example, if the height of the sealing element is 1.2 mm before the vessel closure is applied to a vessel, the upper end of the provides an impression Vessel opening into the sealing element (height between the upper end of the vessel opening and the lower side of the carrier of a maximum of 1.0 mm) without the sealing element being cut (height of the sealing element between the upper end of the vessel opening and the lower side of the carrier of at least 0.2 mm) for a high tightness of the vessel closed with the vessel closure.

A vacuum preferably prevails in the closed vessel. The absolute pressure in the closed vessel can be a maximum of 200 hPa. In particular, the absolute pressure in the closed vessel is a maximum of 100 hPa.

The vessel closed with the vessel closure can have a maximum safety dimension of 10 mm, specifically the maximum safety dimension is 8 mm. The maximum safety dimension is preferably 6 mm. Most preferably, the safety measure is a maximum of 4 mm.

To determine the level of safety, a vessel closed with a screw cap is stored at room temperature (23 ° C.) for a period of 30 minutes. The relative position of the vascular occlusion to the vessel is marked by applying a marking to the vascular occlusion apron and the vessel wall in such a way that the circumferential distance between the marking on the vascular occlusion apron and the vessel wall is zero. The markings lie on a straight line that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel. The vessel closure is then completely removed from the vessel by unscrewing it. The vessel closure is then placed on the vessel and turned until a slight resistance can be felt. The vascular closure is screwed on so that it is finger-tight. The circumferential distance between the marking on the vascular occlusion apron and the marking on the vessel wall is then measured. The measured distance corresponds to the safety measure expressed in mm.

Due to the steep incline of the threads of the vessels and rotary cam closures, at least in sections, the precision of the measurement of the safety level is high, since the point at which a slight resistance can be felt while the vessel closure is being turned on (finger-tight) can be precisely determined. Typically, the precision of the measurement of the degree of safety on closed vessels that have been closed under the same conditions by different people is approximately ± 1 mm.

A suitable safety measure ensures that the sealing element exerts an elastic force on at least the upper end of the vessel mouth when the vessel is closed with the vessel closure. This results in a high degree of tightness in the interior of the closed vessel. A closed and filled vessel can be produced by providing a vessel with a vessel mouth and a closable opening at the end of the vessel mouth. The vessel is filled with a (solid and / or liquid) food through the opening of the vessel and the opening of the vessel is closed with a disclosed vessel closure.

The opening of the vessel can have a diameter of at least 20 mm. In particular, the diameter of the opening of the vessel is a maximum of 120 mm.

The vessel can be a glass vessel, a plastic vessel or a metal vessel.

The vessel closure can be treated at a temperature of at least 90 ° C. before the opening of the vessel is closed with the vessel closure. Such a treatment can be carried out, for example, with steam.

A head space can be formed in the vessel after the vessel has been filled with the food. After filling, the headspace in the vessel is that section of the vessel contents in which there is no food. Steam can be supplied to the head space before the vessel closure is applied to the vessel and thus the opening of the vessel is closed. In particular, the steam can be water vapor.

The absolute pressure in the closed and filled vessel can be a maximum of 200 hPa. In particular, the pressure in the closed and filled vessel can be a maximum of 100 hPa.

To form an impression of the vessel mouth in the sealing element, the sealing element can be deformed at least 0.2 mm in the axial direction of the vessel during the closure of the opening of the vessel with the vessel closure and / or a thermal treatment of the closed and filled vessel. This deformation of the sealing element is preferably at least 0.4 mm. In particular, the deformation is at least 0.5 mm.

Analogously to this, the sealing element can be deformed by a maximum of 1.0 mm to form an impression of the vessel mouth in the sealing element during the closure of the opening of the vessel with the vessel closure and / or a thermal treatment of the closed and filled vessel. In particular, the deformation is a maximum of 0.8 mm. The deformation is more preferably a maximum of 0.7 mm. This in each case in the axial direction of the vessel.

The deformation of the sealing element is particularly preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.9 mm. The food can be filled into the container aseptically.

The food can also be filled into the container at a maximum temperature of 10 ° C.

The food can also be filled into the vessel at a temperature between 10 ° C and 70 ° C.

The food can also be filled into the container at a temperature between 70 ° C and 98 ° C.

The closed and filled vessel can be thermally treated within the process. The temperature of the thermal treatment is above the temperature of the (solid and / or liquid) food during the filling of the vessel with it.

The thermal treatment can take place at a temperature of at least 60 ° C.

The thermal treatment can also take place at a maximum temperature of 135 ° C (between 60 ° C and 135 ° C). In particular, the thermal treatment takes place at a temperature of up to 135 ° C. (between 60 ° C. and 135 ° C.) at an absolute ambient pressure of a maximum of 4.0 bar, preferably at an absolute ambient pressure between 1.0 bar and 4.0 bar .

The pressure in the closed vessel during a thermal treatment is preferably lower than the pressure outside the closed vessel.

In one method, a foamed sealing element can be produced. For this purpose, a blowing agent is introduced into a polymer composition. Any of the polymer compositions disclosed herein can be used. The polymer composition is foamed by the blowing agent. A foamed polymer material is thereby obtained or produced. A sealing element is molded or formed from the foamed polymer material.

Various components of the polymer composition can be mixed in an extruder or a kneader to obtain the mixed polymer composition. The blowing agent can be added to the polymer composition.

For example, an extruder can comprise one or more feeds for components of the polymer composition. The blowing agent can be introduced into the extruder via one of the feed lines, for example as a masterbatch. An at least partial reaction of the (active) components of the blowing agent can take place in the extruder. The reaction of the (active) components of the blowing agent can also take place completely in the extruder. After the polymer composition has been discharged from the extruder with the (not yet completely reacted) blowing agent, a further reaction of the components of the blowing agent can take place. Foaming of the composition can take place outside of the extruder.

The applied composition can be brought into the desired shape of the sealing element directly after application.

A foamed polymer material is formed when no further foaming of the polymer composition takes place.

Formation of the polymer composition (compounding), foaming of the composition and / or formation or shaping of a sealing element can overlap in time.

The sealing element can be formed by stamping or application onto a surface (e.g. onto a surface of a vascular occlusion). In particular, the sealing element can be formed by applying the polymer composition or the polymer material to a surface (vessel closure) and then stamping or molding.

The foaming of the polymer composition reduces its density. The density of the foamed polymer material can be at least 2%, 5% or 10% less than the density of the (non-foamed) polymer composition. The density of the foamed polymer material is preferably by at least 15%, more preferably by at least 20%, even more preferably by at least 25%, especially by at least BO%, most preferably by at least 35%, lower than the density of the (unfoamed) polymer composition.

Up to 10% by weight of a blowing agent can be incorporated into a polymer composition for foaming. The weight fraction relates to the total weight of the polymer composition with the blowing agent.

Preferably between 0.1% by weight and 8.0% by weight of the blowing agent is incorporated into the polymer composition. Specifically, between 0.1 wt% and 6.0 wt% or between 0.5 wt% and 5.0 wt% of the blowing agent is incorporated into the polymer composition. Particularly preferably, between 0.2% by weight and 2% by weight of the blowing agent can be introduced into the polymer composition.

The propellant can comprise at least two different solids. The two different solids can differ in their chemical structure. A first substance of the propellant can react with a second substance of the propellant (for example the two different solids). When the substances react, a gas, such as carbon dioxide, can be formed.

The polymer composition can be foamed by the formation of the gas during the reaction of the substances in the blowing agent.

The first substance can be a carbonate or a carbamate. In particular, the first substance is an alkali, alkaline earth, aluminum, transition metal or ammonium carbonate or carbamate or a mixture thereof.

In particular, the first substance is a sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum or iron carbonate or carbamate or mixtures thereof.

The first substance can comprise sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, aluminum carbonate, aluminum hydrogen carbonate, iron carbonate, iron hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or ammonium carbamate or a mixture thereof.

The second substance can comprise a salt. The salt can comprise phosphorus and / or sulfur. In particular, the second substance contains a phosphate or a sulfate.

The second substance particularly preferably comprises acid sodium pyrophosphate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, sodium aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminum phosphate, calcium magnesium aluminum phosphate, calcium polyphosphate, magnesium polyphosphate or a mixture thereof. Specifically, the second substance includes sodium acid pyrophosphate.

It is particularly preferred that the second substance comprises at least two different compounds which can each react with the first substance and a gas (carbon dioxide) is formed by the reaction. The first compound of the second substance can chemically react with the first substance and the second compound of the second substance can chemically react with the first substance. Both reactions produce a gas.

The amount (molar amount) of gas released by the reaction of the first compound of the second substance with the first substance within a unit of time (e.g. 1 min or 5 min) can be greater or less than the amount (molar amount) of gas released by the Reaction of the second compound of the second substance with the first substance within the same unit of time. In other words, in the reactions of the first compound with the first substance and in the reaction of the second In connection with the first substance, gas is formed at different speeds or the reactions take place at different speeds.

The amounts formed can differ by at least a factor of 1.2, preferably by at least a factor of 1.5.

The second material can comprise sodium acid pyrophosphate and sodium aluminum phosphate as first and second compounds.

The first material can comprise sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Preferably, no reaction takes place between the first substance and the second substance under ambient conditions (room temperature, 23 ° C.; 1 bar).

A reaction between the first substance and the second substance can be triggered by an increased pressure and / or an increased temperature.

In particular, a reaction between the first substance and the second substance is triggered by a temperature of at least 70.degree. C., especially at a temperature of at least 100.degree. The chemical reaction between the first substance and the second substance is particularly preferably triggered at a temperature between 120.degree. C. and 200.degree.

The propellant can comprise a release agent. The release agent can delay or prevent a chemical reaction between the first substance and the second substance.

The sealing element can be used in a vessel closure. For this purpose, the polymer material or the polymer composition can be applied to a vessel closure blank and shaped by stamping. A sealing element can also be formed from the polymer material or the polymer composition outside a vessel closure blank and the sealing element can then be introduced into the vessel closure blank and, in particular, made to adhere to the vessel closure blank by pressure and / or temperature.

Any of the sealing elements disclosed herein can be used in any of the vessel closures disclosed herein. The embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of an example and not in a way in which restrictions from the figures are transferred or read into the claims. The same reference symbols in the figures indicate the same elements.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a rotary cam lock 1 with an annular sealing element 3, partly in section;

FIG. 2 shows a side view of the rotary cam lock 1 with the sealing element 3 on a vessel 5, partly as a section;

FIG. 3 shows the rotary cam lock 1 with the sealing element 3 in a bottom view;

FIG. 4 shows an isometric view of a composite closure 61 (Combi-Twist);

FIG. 5 shows partially an axial section of the composite fastener 61 (Combi-Twist) from FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 shows a side view of a press-on twist-off closure 21 (PT closure) with a sealing element 23, partly as a section;

FIG. 7 shows a side view of the PT closure 21 with the sealing element 23 on a vessel 25, partly as a section;

FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the PT closure 21;

FIG. 9 shows a side view of a composite fastener 41 (band guard) with a sealing element 43, partly in section;

FIG. 10 shows a side view of the composite closure 41 (band guard) with the sealing element 43 on a vessel 45, partly as a section;

FIG. 11 shows a top view of the composite fastener 41 (band guard);

FIG. 12 shows an enlarged section of the rotary cam lock from FIG. 2.

FIGS. 1 and 3 show a rotary cam fastener 1. The rotary cam fastener 1 comprises a metallic carrier 11 and a sealing element 3. In the illustration in FIG. 2, the rotary cam fastener 1 is applied to a vessel 5. A curl 9 is formed at the lower end of the rotary cam lock 1. Several cams 7 are formed from the curl 9 distributed around the circumference. Cams 7 are formed by an axial deformation of the curl 9 and extend radially further to the center of the rotary cam lock 1 than the curl 9. The one shown in FIGS Rotary cam lock 1 comprises four cams 7, which are designed to be uniformly distributed around the circumference. The sections that are partially shown in Figures 1 and 2 correspond to the section III-III in Figure S.

Near the radially outer end section of the rotary cam fastener 1, a channel 2 is formed in the upper section 10 of the carrier 11. The sealing element S is arranged at least partially in the channel 2. In this embodiment, the sealing element S is designed in the form of a ring, in other embodiments the sealing element 3 can be designed in the form of a disk, in particular if the diameter of the rotary cam fastener is small (e.g. a maximum of 30 mm).

To promote adhesion between the metallic carrier 11 and the sealing element 3, an adhesive varnish is typically applied to the side of the metallic carrier 11 that is in contact with the sealing element 3.

In FIG. 2, the rotary cam lock 1 is applied to a vessel 5. The vessel 5 comprises a vessel mouth 5a as the upper section of the vessel 5. The vessel mouth comprises a thread 6 and an upper end 4 of the vessel mouth 5a. The thread 6 is formed circumferentially in the region of the vessel mouth 5a and extends circumferentially upwards or downwards (depending on the viewing angle).

To apply the rotary cam fastener 1 to a vessel 5, cams 7 are brought into contact with sections of the thread 6 and the rotary cam fastener 1 is rotated clockwise relative to the vessel 5. Due to the design of the thread 6 and the interaction of the cams 7 with the thread 6, the upper end 4 of the vessel mouth 5a moves in the direction of the sealing element 3 during the rotary movement of the rotary cam lock 1 relative to the vessel 5 the upper end 4 of the vessel mouth 5a into the sealing element 3 and deforms it so that a portion of the upper end 4 of the vessel mouth 5a is covered by the sealing element 3, whereby the vessel 5 is tightly closed. A tight closure of the vessel 5 is particularly necessary in order to withstand an increased pressure during a thermal treatment of the closed vessel 5 at temperatures above 70 ° C., 90 ° C. or even above 120 ° C.

The rotary cam lock 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, comprises a safety button 10b which is formed in the upper section 10 of the carrier 11. Due to the slope 10a in the upper section 10 of the carrier 11, the safety button 10b folds in the direction of the center of the vessel when there is a sufficiently high negative pressure in the vessel. Such a vacuum can be generated by introducing water vapor into the vessel before the vessel is closed with the closure. If a consumer opens the vessel by removing the vessel closure, the pressure in the vessel rises to ambient pressure and the safety button 10b folds away from the center of the vessel. The folding down of the safety button 10b is accompanied by a characteristic noise, by means of which a consumer can recognize that there was a vacuum in the container before the container was opened.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a composite closure 61 (Combi-Twist), which, analogously to the described rotary cam closure 1, can be applied to a vessel by a rotary movement and removed from the vessel by a rotary movement.

The composite closure 61 comprises a carrier with an upper metallic section 71 and a plastic section 72 which is shaped in an L-shape. A channel 78 is formed near the radial end of the metallic portion 71 of the carrier and a curl 77 is formed at the radial end of the metallic portion 71. A sealing element is arranged at least partially in the channel 78.

Several threaded elements 74a, 74b formed on the inside of the plastic section 72 make contact with a mating thread in the region of the mouth of a vessel (not shown) to which the composite closure 61 is to be applied. The plastic section 72 of the composite closure 61 further comprises a tamper-evident lock 73, which is designed similar to the tamper-evident lock as in FIGS. 9 to 11 and is described in more detail with a view to FIGS. 9 to 11.

If the composite closure 61 is screwed onto a vessel by a rotary movement, there is an analogous interaction of the vessel mouth of the vessel with the sealing element of the composite closure 61 as described with reference to the rotary cam closure 1.

A press-on twist-off closure 21 (PT closure) is shown in FIGS. 6 to 8.

The PT closure 21 comprises a metallic carrier 31 with a curl 29 at the lower end of the carrier 31 and a safety button 30a in the upper section 30 of the carrier 31.

A sealing element 23 is formed both in the area of the upper section 30 of the carrier 31 and to a considerable extent on the apron of the carrier, which extends downward from the upper section 30 of the carrier 31. In contrast to the rotary cam closure 1 and the composite closure 61, the PT closure 21 is pressed onto the vessel mouth 25a when it is applied to a vessel 25. During the pressing onto the vessel mouth 25a, the sealing element 23 is sufficiently soft to elastically enclose thread elements 26 of the vessel mouth 25a. Typically For this purpose, the sealing element 23 is treated with water vapor before the PT closure 21 is applied to a vessel 5 in order to produce the necessary softness of the sealing element 23. After the sealing element 23 has cooled down, a mating thread in the form of a negative of the threaded elements 26 of the vessel mouth is formed in the sealing element 23.

An upper end 24 of the vessel mouth 25a makes contact with the sealing element 23.

To open the vessel 25, the PT closure 21 is removed from the vessel 25 by a rotary movement.

FIGS. 9 to 11 show a composite fastener 41 (band guard) which is functional analogously to the described PT fastener 21.

The composite closure 41 comprises a carrier with a metallic section 51 and a plastic section 52, a tamper-evident device 53 and a safety button 50a. The tamper-evident lock 53 is designed in such a way that it is removed from the rest of the composite closure 41 when the composite closure 41 is removed from a vessel 45, and is used to enable a consumer to check whether the composite closure 41 has already been removed from the vessel 45 was removed. The safety button 50a is designed and functional analogously to the safety button 10b of the rotary cam lock 1.

The plastic section of the composite closure 41 can comprise a plurality of axially extending indentations 56 in order to increase the stability of the closure.

A sealing element 43 is arranged in the composite closure 41 in such a way that it contacts both the metallic section 51 and the plastic section 52. To close a vessel 45, the composite closure 41 is pressed onto the vessel mouth 45a of the vessel 45, so that at least the upper end 44 of the vessel mouth 45a makes contact with the sealing element 43.

The plastic portion 52 of the carrier includes a plurality of offset projections 54 that interact with threaded elements 46 of the vessel mouth 45a. To open a vessel 45 which is closed with the composite closure 41, the composite closure 41 can be rotated relative to the vessel 45.

The distance h _{3 of} a sealing element 3 between an upper end 4 of a vessel mouth 5a of a vessel 5 and the lower side of a carrier 11 of the closure 1 is shown in FIG. 12 with a view of a rotary cam closure 1 and is described here. The distance (height) h _{3 is} to be determined in the same way for other types of lock. The sealing element 3 clamped between the vessel mouth 5 and the carrier 11 of the vessel _{closure 1 has a height h 3} which is given when a vessel 5 is closed with the closure 1. If the height h _{3 is} too low, there is a risk of cutting through the sealing element 3, as a result of which the tightness of the closed vessel 5 can be impaired. If the height h _{3 is} too great, the tightness of the closed vessel is impaired, since the contact area between the upper end 4 of the vessel mouth 5a and the sealing element 3 is not sufficiently large. In order to achieve a suitable impression of the upper end 4 of the vessel mouth 5a in the sealing element, the composition of the sealing element 3 is decisive.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown below and given a number, the number denoting the respective exemplary embodiment.

1. Sealing element (3, 23, 43, 63) made of a polymer material, wherein the polymer material comprises a polymer composition, wherein ...

(a) the polymer composition comprises at least one polyolefin,

(b) the polymer material is foamed, and

(c) optionally, the foamed polymer material has a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of a maximum of 0.950 g cm ³ .

2. Sealing element according to Example 1, where the density of the polymer material is a maximum of 0.920 g cm ³ , in particular a maximum of 0.875 g cm ³ , preferably 0.860 g cm ³ , preferably a maximum of 0.840 g cm ³ , more preferably a maximum of 0.820 g cm ³ , even more preferably a maximum of 0.800 g cm ³ , especially a maximum of 0.780 g cm ³ .

3. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the polymer material is physically or chemically foamed, in particular chemically foamed.

4. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the density of the foamed polymer material is at least 10% less than the density of the polymer material in an unfoamed state, preferably the density of the foamed polymer composition by at least 15%, more preferably by at least 20%, more preferably is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, most preferably at least 35% less than the density of the polymer material in an unfoamed state.

5. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the polymer material is foamed in closed cells.

6. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the polymer composition comprises a butene copolymer (as the at least one polyolefin), the butene copolymer having a melting temperature T _m between 30 ° C and 130 ° C, the melting temperature T _m by the second heating curve of a DSC measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C min ^{1 is} determined. Sealing element according to example 6, wherein the melting temperature T _{m of} the butene copolymer is between 40 ° C and 125 ° C, in particular between 80 ° C and 125 ° C. Sealing element according to Example 6 or 7, wherein propene is a comonomer of the butene copolymer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 8, wherein the butene copolymer is a bipolymer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 9, wherein the butene copolymer is between 0.1% by weight and 80% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight and 60% by weight, particularly preferably between 8% by weight % and 55% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 10, wherein the polymer composition comprises a further butene copolymer, the butene copolymers being different types of polymer. Sealing element according to Example 11, a comonomer of the further butene copolymer being ethene. Sealing element according to example 11 or 12, wherein the further butene copolymer is a butene bipolymer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 11 to 13, wherein the further butene copolymer is between 10% by weight and 80% by weight, preferably between 22% by weight and 70% by weight, particularly preferably between 40% by weight and 65% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 14, wherein the polymer composition comprises a polyethene. Sealing element according to example 15, wherein the polyethene is a homo-polyethene, in particular an LDPE or an HDPE. Sealing element according to example 15 or 16, wherein the polyethene between 5 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, preferably between 10 wt .-% and 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 15 wt .-% and 35 wt .-% %, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the polymer composition comprises a random propene copolymer. Sealing element according to Example 18, wherein ethene is a comonomer of the random propene copolymer. Sealing element according to example 18 or 19, wherein the random propene copolymer is a bipolymer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 18 to 20, wherein the random propene copolymer between 5 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, preferably between 10 wt .-% and 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 15 wt .-% % and 35% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 21, wherein the polymer composition comprises a butene homopolymer. Sealing element according to Example 22, wherein the butene homopolymer between

5% by weight and 60% by weight, preferably between 10% by weight and 45% by weight, particularly preferably between 15% by weight and 35% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. A sealing element according to any one of Examples 6 to 23, wherein the polymer composition contains a copolymer comprising styrene as a comonomer. Sealing element according to example 24, wherein the copolymer comprising styrene as a comonomer is an SBS, SEPS, SEEPS or SEBS, in particular an SEBS. Sealing element according to example 24 or 25, wherein the copolymer, which comprises styrene as a comonomer, between 10 wt .-% and 70 wt .-%, preferably between

20% by weight and 60% by weight, particularly preferably between 35% by weight and 55% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 24 to 26, wherein the polymer composition comprises a butene homopolymer. Sealing element according to Example 27, wherein the butene homopolymer between

5% by weight and 60% by weight, preferably between 10% by weight and 45% by weight, particularly preferably between 15% by weight and 35% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 9, the butene copolymer being contained in the polymer composition to an extent of at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight. Sealing element according to one of Examples 1 to 29, wherein the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 10% by weight homo-polypropene, preferably no homo-polypropene. Sealing element according to one of Examples 1 to 30, the polymer composition comprising a maximum of 10% by weight, preferably a maximum of 5% by weight, of a component that is liquid at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa, particularly preferably the polymer composition none at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa liquid component. Sealing element according to any one of Examples 1 to 31, wherein the polymer composition is a polyolefin composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 32, the polymer composition having a static coefficient of friction, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295, of a maximum of 0.50, preferably of a maximum of 0.40. Sealing element according to one of Examples 1 to 33, the polymer composition comprising up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 8% by weight, particularly preferably up to 6% by weight, of additives. Sealing element according to example 34, wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of: pigments, nucleating agents, brighteners, stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, antioxidants and combinations thereof. Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 35, wherein the polymer composition has an oxygen permeability rate, determined according to DIN 53380, of less than 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than

2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferred less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . Sealing element according to one of Examples 6 to 35, the polymer composition having an overall migration, determined according to DIN-EN 1186-14, of a maximum of 1.20 mg cm ² , preferably of a maximum of 1.0 mg cm ² , particularly preferably of a maximum of 0.8 mg cm ² . Sealing element according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the polymer composition comprises a heterophasic copolymer (as the at least one polyolefin). Sealing element according to example 38, wherein the heterophasic copolymer is a heterophasic propene-ethene copolymer, in particular a heterophasic propene-ethene bipolymer. Sealing element according to Example 38 or 39, wherein the heterophasic copolymer is between 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight, preferably between 0.1% by weight and 30% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.1% by weight % and 20% by weight, especially between 5% by weight and 20% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 40, wherein the polymer composition comprises a butene copolymer, in particular a butene bipolymer. Sealing element according to Example 41, wherein the butene copolymer has a copolymerized butene content of at least 60 mol%, preferably at least 70 mol%, particularly preferably at least 80 mol%. Sealing element according to Example 41 or 42, wherein a comonomer of the butene copolymer is ethene. Sealing element according to one of Examples 41 to 43, wherein the butene copolymer between 10 wt .-% and 85 wt .-%, preferably between 30 wt .-% and 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 50 wt .-% and 75% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 41 to 44, wherein the butene copolymer is a random copolymer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 45, wherein the polymer composition comprises a polyethene homopolymer, in particular LDPE. Sealing element according to example 46, wherein the polyethene homopolymer with between 0.1 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, preferably between 0.1 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.1 wt. -% and 20% by weight, especially between

5 wt% and 20 wt%, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 47, wherein the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 20% by weight homo-polypropene, preferably a maximum of 10% by weight homo-polypropene, particularly preferably no homo-polypropene. Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 48, the polymer composition comprising a maximum of 10% by weight, preferably a maximum of 5% by weight, of a component that is liquid at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa, particularly preferably the polymer composition none at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa liquid component. Sealing element according to any one of Examples 38 to 49, wherein the polymer composition is a polyolefin composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 50, the polymer composition having a static coefficient of friction, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295, of a maximum of 0.50, preferably of a maximum of 0.40. Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 51, the polymer composition comprising up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 8% by weight, particularly preferably up to 4% by weight, of additives. Sealing element according to example 52, wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of: pigments, nucleating agents, brighteners, stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, antioxidants and combinations thereof. Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 53, the polymer composition having an oxygen permeability rate, determined according to DIN 53380, of less than 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than

2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferred less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . Sealing element according to one of Examples 38 to 54, the polymer composition having an overall migration, determined in accordance with DIN-EN 1186-14, of a maximum of 1.0 mg cm ² , preferably of a maximum of 0.8 mg cm ² . Sealing element according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the polymer composition comprises ...

(a) between 5% by weight and 50% by weight of a first polymer, the first polymer being a random copolymer having a Shore D hardness, measured according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C., of at least 35 having; and

(b) between 50% by weight and 95% by weight of a second polymer, the second polymer being a polyolefin (which is at least one polyolefin) having a Shore A hardness, measured according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C, of a maximum of 90, in particular a maximum of 85. Sealing element according to example 56, wherein propene is a comonomer of the first polymer, in particular the comonomer content of propene in the first polymer is more than 50 mol%. Sealing element according to example 56 or 57, wherein the first polymer is a random propene-ethene copolymer or a random propene-l-hexene copolymer or is a random propene-l-octene copolymer. Sealing element according to example 56, wherein 1-butene is a comonomer of the first polymer, in particular the comonomer content of 1-butene in the first polymer is more than 50 mol%.

Sealing element according to Example 59, wherein the first polymer is a random l-butene-ethene copolymer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 60, wherein the first polymer has a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of at least 0.890 g cm ³ , in particular more than 0.890 g cm ³ , and / or the second polymer has a density of less than 0.890 g cm ³ , in particular less than 0.880 g cm ³ . Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 61, the first polymer having a melting point T _m between 80 ° C and 160 ° C, the melting temperature T _{m being} determined by the second heating curve of a DSC measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C min- ¹ becomes. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 62, the first polymer having a Shore D hardness, measured according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C., between 40 and 80, preferably between 50 and 70, particularly preferably between 57 and 67. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 63, wherein the second polymer is a (random) copolymer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 64, wherein 1-butene is a comonomer of the second polymer, in particular the second polymer is a (random) 1-butene-ethene copolymer. Sealing element according to example 65, wherein the comonomer content of 1-butene in the second polymer is more than 50 mol%, preferably at least 60 mol%, particularly preferably at least 80 mol%. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 66, the second polymer having a Shore A hardness, measured according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C., between 30 and 85, preferably between 40 and 80, particularly preferably between 50 and 70, even more preferably between 55 and 65. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 67, wherein the first polymer is between 10% by weight and 40% by weight, preferably between 15% by weight and 35% by weight, particularly preferably between 20% by weight and 30% by weight Wt .-%, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 68, wherein the second polymer is between 55% by weight and 85% by weight, preferably between 60% by weight and 80% by weight, particularly preferably between 65% by weight and 75% by weight Wt .-%, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 69, wherein the polymer composition comprises a maximum of 10% by weight, preferably a maximum of 5% by weight, of a component that is liquid at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa, particularly preferably the polymer composition does not contain any at 20 ° C and 1000 hPa liquid component. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 70, the polymer composition comprising up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 8% by weight, particularly preferably up to 6% by weight, of additives. Sealing element according to example 71, wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of: pigments, nucleating agents, brighteners, stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, antioxidants and combinations thereof. Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 72, wherein the polymer composition has an oxygen permeability rate, determined according to DIN 53380, of less than 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than

2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferred less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 600 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 400 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 73, the polymer composition having an overall migration, determined according to DIN-EN 1186-14, of a maximum of 1.20 mg cm ² , preferably of a maximum of 1.0 mg cm ² , particularly preferably of a maximum of 0.8 mg cm ² . Sealing element according to one of Examples 56 to 74, the polymer composition having a static coefficient of friction, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8295, of a maximum of 0.50, preferably of a maximum of 0.40, particularly preferably of a maximum of 0.30. Sealing element according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the polymer composition comprises ...

(a) a polyalphaolefin with a kinematic viscosity, determined in accordance with ASTM D445 / ISO 3104, of at least 4 cSt, at a temperature of 100 ° C, and / or with a dropping point, determined in accordance with ASTM 5950, of at most -10 ° C; and

(b) up to 95% by weight of a second polyolefin (as the at least one polyolefin). Sealing element according to Example 76, the polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 ° C, determined according to ASTM D445 / ISO 3104, between 4 cSt and 1500 cSt, preferably between 50 cSt and 1000 cSt, more preferably between 120 cSt and 1000 cSt , more preferably between 250 cSt and 1000 cSt. Sealing element according to example 76 or 77, wherein the polyalphaolefin has a dropping point, determined according to ASTM 5950, of at most -20 ° C, preferably of at most -30 ° C. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 78, the polyalphaolefin having a density, determined according to ASTM D4052, of up to 0.860 g cm ³ , in particular between 0.825 g cm ³ and 0.855 g cm ³ . Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 79, the polyalphaolefin having an average molecular weight M _w , determined according to DIN 55672-1, of at least

440 Da, preferably between 440 Da and 12000 Da, particularly preferably between 1000 Da and 10000 Da, even more preferably between 3000 Da and 10000 Da. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 80, wherein the polyalphaolefin is a metallocene polyalphaolefin, in particular the polyalphaolefin was produced using a metallocene catalyst. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 81, wherein the polyalphaolefin is a homopolymer or a copolymer, in particular the polyalphaolefin _{comprises a C 3} to C ₂ 2 alpha-olefin as (co) monomer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 82, wherein the polyalphaolefin comprises a C ₆ to CM alpha-olefin, preferably a C ₈ to Ci ₀ alpha-olefin, as (co) monomer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 83, the polyalphaolefin in a proportion of up to 65% by weight, preferably between 3% by weight and 65% by weight, more preferably between 3% by weight and 50% by weight. -%, even more preferably between 3% by weight and 30% by weight, most preferably between 5% by weight and 30% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 84, the second polyolefin having a Shore A hardness, determined in accordance with DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C., of at most 90, in particular between 30 and 90. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 85, wherein the second polyolefin is a plastomer or an elastomer, in particular the second polyolefin is a polyolefin elastomer with a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of less than 0.860 g cm ³ or the second polyolefin is a polyolefin plastomer with a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, between 0.860 g cm ³ and 0.910 g cm ³ . Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 86, wherein the second polyolefin is a (random) copolymer, preferably the copolymer 1-butene and a C ₂ , C ₃ or C ₅ to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as comonomers, more preferably comprises Copolymer 1-butene in a proportion of more than 50 mol% comprises as a comonomer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 87, wherein the second polyolefin is a (random) copolymer, preferably the copolymer _{comprises propene and a C 2} , C ₄ or C ₅ to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as comonomers, more preferably the copolymer propene with a proportion of more than 50 mol% as a comonomer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 88, the second polyolefin being a (random or block) copolymer, preferably _{comprising the copolymer ethene and a C 5} to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as comonomers, more preferably the copolymer ethene and a C ₅ C ₇ , Cg or Ci ₀ to Ci ₆ comprises (alpha) olefin as comonomers, even more preferably the copolymer comprises ethene with a proportion of more than 50 mol% as comonomer. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 89, the second polyolefin having a proportion of at most 80% by weight, preferably at most 70% by weight, or between 5% by weight and 95% by weight, preferably between 20% by weight % and 95% by weight, more preferably between 50% and 95% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 90, wherein the polymer composition comprises a third polymer, in particular a third polyolefin. Sealing element according to example 91, the third polymer having a Shore D hardness, determined according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C., of at most 60, in particular between 20 and 60. Sealing element according to example 91 or 92, wherein the third polymer is a homopolymer, in particular the homopolymer of a C ₂ to C ₁₂ (alpha) olefin, preferably of a C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha) olefin, particularly preferably of a C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefin. Sealing element according to Example 93, the homopolymer being a polyethylene homopolymer, a polypropene homopolymer, in particular a syndiotactic polypropene homopolymer, or a 1-butene homopolymer. Sealing element according to example 91 or 92, wherein the third polymer is a copolymer, in particular the copolymer at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₁₂ (alpha) olefins as comonomers, preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha- ) Olefins as comonomers, particularly preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefins as comonomers. Sealing element according to Example 95, the copolymer being a propene-ethene copolymer, in particular with a propene content of more than 50 mol%, or a propene-hexene copolymer, in particular with a propene content of more than 50 mol% , is. Sealing element according to one of Examples 91 to 96, the third polymer having a proportion of at most 35% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight and 35% by weight, particularly preferably between 5% by weight and 27% by weight. -%, more preferably between 5% by weight and 18% by weight, most preferably between 11% by weight and 18% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 97, wherein the polymer composition comprises a fourth polymer, in particular a fourth polyolefin. Sealing element according to example 98, the fourth polymer having a Shore D hardness, determined according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C., of at most 60, in particular between 20 and 60. Sealing element according to Example 98 or 99, wherein the fourth polymer is a homopolymer, especially the homopolymer of a C ₂ to Ci ₂ (alpha) olefin, preferably from one of a C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha) olefin, more preferably from a C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefin. Sealing element according to example 100, wherein the homopolymer is a polyethylene homopolymer, a polypropene homopolymer, in particular a syndiotactic polypropene homopolymer, or a poly-l-butene homopolymer. Sealing element according to example 98 or 99, wherein the fourth polymer is a copolymer, in particular the copolymer at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₁₂ (alpha) olefins as comonomers, preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha- ) Olefins as comonomers, particularly preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefins as comonomers. Sealing element according to Example 102, the copolymer being a propene-ethene copolymer, in particular with a propene content of more than 50 mol%, or a propene-hexene copolymer, in particular with a propene content of more than 50 mol% , is. Sealing element according to one of Examples 98 to 103, the fourth polymer having a proportion of at most 35% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight and 35% by weight, particularly preferably between 5% by weight and 27% by weight. -%, more preferably between 5% by weight and 18% by weight, most preferably between 11% by weight and 18% by weight. . Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 104, wherein the polymer composition is up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 8% by weight, particularly preferably up to 6% by weight, most preferably up to 5% by weight, Additives include .. Sealing element according to Example 105, the additives being selected from the group consisting of: pigments, nucleating agents, brighteners, stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, antioxidants and combinations thereof. . Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 106, the polymer composition having an oxygen permeability rate, determined according to DIN 5BB80, of less than 3000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , preferably less than

2500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 2000 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1500 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1200 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferred less than 800 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 1300 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 900 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ , more preferably less than 750 cm ³ m ² d ¹ bar ¹ . . Sealing element according to one of Examples 76 to 107, the polymer composition having an overall migration, determined according to DIN-EN 1186-14, of a maximum of 5.5 mg cm ² , preferably of a maximum of 3.5 mg cm ² , particularly preferably of a maximum of 2.5 mg cm ² , most preferably of a maximum of 1.5 mg cm ² .. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the sealing element is free of PVC. a. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the polymer composition is a polyolefin composition. b. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the polymer composition comprises a syndiotactic polypropene homopolymer or a syndiotactic polypropene copolymer. c. Sealing element according to example 110b, wherein the syndiotactic polypropene homopolymer or the syndiotactic polypropene copolymer is contained in the polymer composition in an amount of at most 35% by weight, in particular between 5% by weight and 35% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight % and 27% by weight, more preferably between 5% by weight and 18% by weight, even more preferably between 11% by weight and 18% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition. Sealing element (3, 23, 43, 63) made of a polymer material, wherein the polymer material comprises a polymer composition, wherein ...

(a) the polymer composition contains polyvinyl chloride,

(b) the polymer material is foamed, and

(c) optionally, the foamed polymer material has a density, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of a maximum of 1.100 g cm ³ . Sealing element according to Example 111, the PVC being soft PVC, in particular with a density (in the non-foamed state), determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, between 1.200 g cm ³ and 1.350 g cm ³ . Sealing element according to Example 111 or 112, wherein the density of the foamed polymer material, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, a maximum of 1,000 G cm ^3, preferably not more than 0.900 g cm ^3, more preferably at most 0.850 g cm ^3, most preferably at most 0.780 g cm ³ , is. Sealing element according to one of Examples 111 to 113, the polymer composition containing between 20% by weight and 70% by weight, preferably between 30% by weight and 50% by weight, plasticizers. Sealing element according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the sealing element consists of the polymer material. Vessel closure (1, 21, 41, 61) with a sealing element according to one of the preceding examples. Vessel closure according to example 116, wherein the vascular closure comprises a carrier (11, 31, 51, 71) and the sealing element (3, 23, 43, 63), the carrier (11, 31, 51, 71) being metal and / or plastic includes, in particular includes metal or plastic as the main component. Vessel closure according to example 116 or 117, the vascular closure (1, 21, 41, 61) being a screw closure, in particular a cam screw closure (1), a press-on, twist-off closure (21) or a composite closure (41, 61) is. Vessel (5, 25, 45) with a vessel mouth (5a, 25a, 45a) and a closable opening at the end of the vessel mouth, the opening being closed with a vessel closure (1, 21, 41, 61) according to one of Examples 116 to 118 is.

The vessel according to example 119, the vessel being a glass vessel, plastic vessel or metal vessel. Vessel according to example 119 or 120, wherein the vessel closure comprises a carrier (11, 31, 51, 71) and the sealing element (3, 23, 43, 63), and wherein the sealing element is between an upper end (4, 24, 44) the vessel mouth and a lower side of the carrier (11, 31, 51, 71) have a height (h ₃ ) of a maximum of 1.0 mm, preferably a maximum of 0.8 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.7 mm, in the axial direction of the vessel having. Vessel according to one of Examples 119 to 121, wherein the vessel closure comprises a carrier (11, 31, 51, 71) and the sealing element (3, 23, 43, 63), and wherein the sealing element is between an upper end (4, 24, 44) of the vessel mouth and a lower side of the carrier (11, 31, 51, 71) have a height (h ₃ ) of at least

0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.5 mm, in the axial direction of the vessel. Vessel according to one of Examples 119 to 122, the absolute pressure in the closed vessel being a maximum of 200 hPa, preferably a maximum of 100 hPa. Vessel according to one of Examples 119 to 123, the vessel having a safety dimension of at most 10 mm, preferably at most 8 mm, particularly preferably at most 6 mm, most preferably at most 4 mm. Process for the production of a closed and filled vessel, with the steps:

(a) providing a vessel (1, 21, 41, 61) with a vessel mouth (5a, 25a, 45a) and a closable opening at the end of the vessel mouth;

(b) filling the vessel with a food through the opening of the vessel;

(c) Closing the opening of the vessel with a vessel closure according to one of Examples 116 to 118. Method according to Example 125, wherein the opening of the vessel has a diameter of at least 20 mm. Method according to example 125 or 126, wherein the vessel is a glass vessel, plastic vessel or metal vessel. Method according to one of Examples 125 to 127, wherein the vessel closure is treated at a temperature of at least 90 ° C. before the opening of the vessel is closed with the vessel closure.

Method according to one of Examples 125 to 128, wherein the opening of the vessel has a diameter of at most 120 mm. B0. Method according to one of Examples 125 to 129, wherein after being filled with a foodstuff, the vessel has a headspace that does not include any foodstuffs, and steam, in particular water vapor, is supplied to the headspace before the opening of the vessel is closed with the vessel closure. 31. The method according to one of Examples 125 to 130, wherein the absolute pressure in the closed and filled vessel is a maximum of 200 hPa, preferably a maximum of 100 hPa. 32. The method according to any one of Examples 125 to 131, wherein the sealing element of the vessel closure during the closure of the opening of the vessel with the vessel closure and / or a thermal treatment of the closed and filled vessel by at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm , particularly preferably at least 0.5 mm, is deformed in the axial direction of the vessel to form an impression of the vessel mouth in the sealing element. 33. The method according to one of Examples 125 to 132, wherein the sealing element of the vessel closure during the closure of the opening of the vessel with the vessel closure and / or a thermal treatment of the closed and filled vessel by a maximum of 1.0 mm, preferably a maximum of 0.8 mm , particularly preferably a maximum of 0.7 mm, is deformed in the axial direction of the vessel to form an impression of the vessel mouth in the sealing element. 34. Method according to one of Examples 125 to 133, wherein the closed and filled vessel is thermally treated at a temperature which is above the temperature of the food during the filling of the vessel. 35. The method according to any one of Examples 125 to 134, wherein the closed and filled vessel is thermally treated at a temperature of at least 60.degree. 36. The method according to one of Examples 125 to 134, wherein the closed and filled vessel is thermally treated at a temperature between 60 ° C and 135 ° C, preferably at an absolute pressure surrounding the vessel of a maximum of 4.0 bar. 37. The method according to one of Examples 125 to 136, wherein the pressure in the closed and filled vessel during the thermal treatment is lower than the pressure outside the closed vessel. 38. The method according to one of Examples 125 to 137, wherein the food is filled into the vessel at a temperature of at most 10 ° C. 39. The method according to any one of Examples 125 to 138, wherein the food is aseptically filled into the vessel. Method according to one of Examples 125 to 137, wherein the food is filled into the vessel at a temperature between 70 ° C and 98 ° C. Method according to one of Examples 125 to 137, wherein the food is filled into the vessel at a temperature between 10 ° C and 70 ° C. Method for producing a foamed sealing element, in particular a foamed sealing element according to one of Examples 1 to 115, the method comprising the steps ...

(a) incorporating a blowing agent into a polymer composition;

(b) foaming the polymer composition with the blowing agent, thereby producing a foamed polymer material;

(c) forming the sealing element from the foamed polymer material. Method according to Example 142, wherein the polymer composition is a polymer composition of Examples 1 to 115, in particular a polymer composition of Examples 2 to 115, especially without reference to Example 1. Method according to Example 142 or 143, wherein the blowing agent is introduced into an extruder and mixed with the polymer composition in the extruder. Method according to one of Examples 142 to 144, wherein the sealing element is formed by stamping or by application to a surface, in particular is formed by application to a surface and subsequent stamping. Method according to one of Examples 142 to 145, wherein the foaming increases the density of the foamed polymer material by at least 10%, preferably by at least 15%, more preferably by at least 20%, more preferably by at least 25%, even more preferably by at least 30% most preferably at least 35% less than the density of the polymer composition. Method according to one of Examples 142 to 146, wherein up to 10.0% by weight of the blowing agent, based on the total weight of the polymer composition including the blowing agent, is introduced into the polymer composition, in particular between 0.1% by weight and 8% by weight , 0 wt .-%, preferably between

0.1 wt% and 6.0 wt%, more preferably between 0.2 wt% and 5.0 wt%, incorporated into the polymer composition. The method according to any one of Examples 142 to 147, wherein the blowing agent contains at least two different solids. Method according to one of Examples 142 to 148, wherein the propellant contains at least one first substance and contains at least one second substance, carbon dioxide being produced by a chemical reaction of the first substance and the second substance. The method according to example 149, wherein the first substance is a carbonate or a carbamate, in particular an alkali, alkaline earth, aluminum, transition metal or ammonium compound thereof or a mixture of these, particularly preferably a sodium, magnesium, calcium , Aluminum or iron compounds thereof, or a mixture of these. Method according to one of Examples 149 or 150, wherein the second substance comprises a salt that contains phosphorus, in particular comprises a salt of a phosphate. Method according to one of Examples 149 to 151, wherein the second substance contains at least two different compounds, both compounds chemically reacting with the first substance in such a way that carbon dioxide is produced by both reactions. Method according to example 152, wherein the reaction of the first compound of the second substance with the first substance within a unit of time produces a first amount of carbon dioxide and the reaction of the second compound of the second substance with the first substance produces a second amount of carbon dioxide within the unit of time, the resulting amounts of carbon dioxide vary in size within the same unit of time. Process according to Example 153, the amounts of carbon dioxide formed differing by at least a factor of 1.2, preferably by a factor of at least 1.5. Method according to one of Examples 149 to 154, wherein the chemical reaction is triggered at a temperature of at least 70 ° C, preferably the chemical reaction is triggered at a temperature of at least 100 ° C, particularly preferably the chemical reaction is triggered at a temperature between 120 ° C and 200 ° C is triggered. Method according to one of Examples 149 to 155, wherein the propellant contains a release agent which prevents or retards a chemical reaction between the first substance and the second substance. Method for producing a vessel closure, wherein a foamed sealing element is produced according to one of Examples 142 to 156, wherein the sealing element is formed in a vessel closure blank or is formed outside the vessel closure blank and is introduced into the vessel closure blank. Examples:

Examples of polymer compositions for a sealing member are shown in Tables 1 to 5. The examples are named with Ex. And a sequential number for the respective example.

The names of the components shown in the tables stand for ...

C4C3 1-butene-propene copolymer with a 1-butene content of more than 50 mol%,

C4C2 A 1-butene-ethene copolymer with a 1-butene content of more than 50 mol%,

LDPE ethene homopolymer (low-density polyethylene),

HDPE ethene homopolymer (high-density polyethylene),

C3C2 propene-ethene copolymer with a propene content of more than

50 mol%,

C4 1-butene homopolymer,

HECO heterophasic copolymer (propene-ethene copolymer),

C3C6 propene-l-hexene copolymer with a propene content of more than 50 mol%,

C4C2 B 1-butene-ethene copolymer with a 1-butene content of more than 50 mol%,

PAO-5 polyalphaolefin (poly-l-olefin) with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of about 5 cSt,

PAO-65 polyalphaolefin with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of about 65 cSt,

PAO-150 polyalphaolefin with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of about 150 cSt,

PAO-300 polyalphaolefin with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of about 300 cSt. The C4CB (1-butene-propene copolymer) has a melting temperature of 114 ° C., determined according to ISO 11357-3. The Shore A hardness of the C4C3 is 87, determined according to DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C. and a holding time of 15 s. The density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of the C4C3 is 0.870 g cm ³ .

The C4C2 A (1-butene-ethene copolymer with more than 50 mol% butene) has a Shore A hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C, 15 s) of 60, an MFI (190 ° C, 2nd grade) , 16 kg) of 1.3 g / 10 min and a density of 0.870 g cm ³ . The 1-butene-ethene copolymer A has no melting point, so the random-1-butene-ethene copolymer A does not have a melting temperature T _m , which is determined by the second heating curve of a DSC measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C min- ¹ can be.

The LDPE (ethene homopolymer) has a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C., holding time 15 s) of 48. The density (DIN EN ISO 1183-1) of the LDPE is 0.928 g cm ³ .

The HDPE (ethene homopolymer) has a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C, holding time 15 s) of 55. The density (DIN EN ISO 1183-1) of the HDPE is 0.954 g cm ³ .

The C3C2 (propene-ethene copolymer with more than 50 mol% propene) has a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C, holding time 15 s) of 58, an MFI (190 ° C, 2.16 kg) 7 g / 10 min and a density of 0.900 g cm ³ .

The C4 (1-butene homopolymer) has a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C, holding time 15 s) of 54 and the density (DIN EN ISO 1183-1) of the C4 is 0.915 g cm ³ .

The HECO (propene-ethene copolymer) comprises a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the continuous phase being formed by homo-polypropene and the phase dispersed therein by a propene-ethene copolymer. The density (DIN EN ISO 1183-1) of the HECO is 0.900 g cm ³ .

The C3C6 (propene-1-hexene copolymer) has a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C., holding time 15 s) of 62 and a density of 0.900 g cm ³ .

The C4C2 B (butene-ethene copolymer with more than 50 mol% butene) has a Shore D hardness (DIN ISO 7619-1, 23 ° C., holding time 15 s) of 62 and a density of 0.910 g cm ³ . The melting temperature T _{m of} the C4C2 B is 103 ° C.

The polyalphaolefins (PAO-5, PAO-65, PAO-150, PAO-300) are commercially available from Chevron Phillips or from ExxonMobil (eg SpectraSyn series). Table 1

Table 2

Table 3 Table 4 Table 5

1% by weight of a blowing agent granulate can be added to the polymer compositions of Examples Ex. 1 to Ex. 29. The blowing agent granulate as a masterbatch contains the blowing agent in a polymer matrix (LDPE). The proportion of (active) propellant in the propellant granulate is 50% (% by weight). The respective polymer composition thus contains, after the addition, 1% by weight of blowing agent granules, of which 0.5% by weight of blowing agent is contained. This reduces the percentage of all components in the respective polymer composition accordingly.

In one example, a stoichiometric mixture (for maximum carbon dioxide release) of sodium hydrogen carbonate (first substance), acidic sodium pyrophosphate and sodium aluminum phosphate (compounds of the second substance) was used as the propellant.

A polymer composition with a blowing agent granulate content of 1% by weight (blowing agent 0.5% by weight) and with a density before foaming of 0.900 g cm ³ was foamed by the blowing agent. After the reaction of the first fabric with the second fabric, the foamed polymer material showed a density of 0.720 g cm ³ . In general, no specific component is necessarily present in the polymer composition. Specifically, an increased occurrence of a component in the examples is not an indication that this component must necessarily be included in the polymer composition. Rather, components can be omitted from the compositions of the examples or replaced by other component (s). Components can also be added.

* * *

Claims

Expectations ...

(a) the polymer composition comprises at least one polyolefin,

(b) the polymer material is foamed, and

(c) the foamed polymer material has a density, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of a maximum of 0.950 g cm ³ .

2. Sealing element according to claim 1, wherein the density of the polymer material is a maximum of 0.920 g cm ³ , in particular a maximum of 0.875 g cm ³ , preferably 0.860 g cm ³ , more preferably a maximum of 0.840 g cm ³ , more preferably a maximum of 0.820 g cm ³ , even more preferably a maximum of 0.800 g cm ³ , especially a maximum of 0.780 g cm ³ .

3. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer material is physically or chemically foamed, in particular is chemically foamed.

4. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the density of the foamed polymer material is at least 10% less than the density of the polymer material in an unfoamed state, preferably the density of the foamed polymer composition by at least 15%, more preferably by at least 20%, more preferably by is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, most preferably at least 35% less than the density of the polymer material in an unfoamed state.

5. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer material is foamed closed-cell.

6. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer composition comprises a butene copolymer (as the at least one polyolefin), the butene copolymer having a melting temperature T _m between 30 ° C and 130 ° C, the melting temperature T _m through the second heating curve of a DSC measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C min ^{1 is} determined.

7. Sealing element according to claim 6, wherein propene is a comonomer of the butene copolymer.

8. Sealing element according to one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the butene copolymer between 0.1 wt .-% and 80 wt .-%, preferably between 5 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 8 wt % and 55% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

9. Sealing element according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the polymer composition comprises a further butene copolymer, wherein the butene copolymers are different types of polymer.

10. Sealing element according to claim 9, wherein a comonomer of the further butene copolymer is ethene.

11. Sealing element according to one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the further butene copolymer between 10 wt .-% and 80 wt .-%, preferably between 22 wt .-% and 70 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 40 wt. -% and 65% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

12. Sealing element according to one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the polymer composition comprises a polyethene.

13. Sealing element according to claim 12, wherein the polyethene between 5 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, preferably between 10 wt .-% and 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 15 wt .-% and 35 wt .-% %, is contained in the polymer composition.

14. Sealing element according to one of claims 6 to 13, wherein the polymer composition comprises a random propene-ethene copolymer.

15. Sealing element according to claim 14, wherein the random propene copolymer between 5 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, preferably between 10 wt .-% and 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 15 wt .-% and 35% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

16. Sealing element according to one of claims 6 to 15, wherein the polymer composition comprises a butene homopolymer, wherein the butene homopolymer is between 5 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, preferably between 10 wt .-% and 45 wt. %, particularly preferably between 15% by weight and 35% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

17. Sealing element according to one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the butene copolymer is at least 80 wt .-%, preferably at least 90 wt .-%, contained in the polymer composition.

18. Sealing element according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polymer composition comprises a heterophasic copolymer.

19. Sealing element according to claim 18, wherein the heterophasic copolymer is a heterophasic propene-ethene copolymer, in particular a heterophasic propene-ethene bipolymer.

20. Sealing element according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the heterophasic copolymer is between 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight, preferably between 0.1% by weight and 30% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.1% by weight % and 20% by weight, especially between 5% by weight and 20% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

21. Sealing element according to one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the polymer composition comprises a butene-ethene copolymer, in particular a butene-ethene bipolymer.

22. Sealing element according to claim 21, wherein the butene copolymer between 10 wt .-% and 85 wt .-%, preferably between 30 wt .-% and 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 50 wt .-% and 75 wt .-%, is contained in the polymer composition.

23. Sealing element according to one of claims 18 to 22, wherein the polymer composition comprises a polyethene homopolymer, in particular LDPE.

24. Sealing element according to claim 23, wherein the polyethene homopolymer with between 0.1 wt .-% and 60 wt .-%, preferably between 0.1 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.1 % By weight and 20% by weight, especially between

5 wt% and 20 wt%, is contained in the polymer composition.

25. Sealing element according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polymer composition comprises ...

(b) between 50% by weight and 95% by weight of a second polymer, the second polymer being a polyolefin (which is at least one polyolefin) having a Shore A hardness as measured by

DIN ISO 7619-1 at 23 ° C, of a maximum of 90, in particular a maximum of 85.

26. Sealing element according to claim 25, wherein the first polymer is a random propene-ethene copolymer or a random propene-l-hexene copolymer or is a random propene-l-octene copolymer.

27. The sealing element of claim 25, wherein the first polymer is a random-l-butene-ethene copolymer.

28. Sealing element according to one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the first polymer has a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of at least 0.890 g cm ³ , in particular more than 0.890 g cm ³ , and / or the second polymer has a density of less than 0.890 g cm ³ , in particular less than 0.880 g cm ³ .

29. Sealing element according to one of claims 25 to 28, wherein the first polymer has a melting point T _m between 80 ° C and 160 ° C, the melting temperature T _m by the second heating curve of a DSC measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C min ^{1 is} determined.

30. Sealing element according to one of claims 25 to 29, wherein the second polymer is a (random) copolymer.

31. Sealing element according to one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the first polymer between 10 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, preferably between 15 wt .-% and 35 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 20 wt .-% and 30% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

32. Sealing element according to one of claims 25 to 31, wherein the second polymer between 55 wt .-% and 85 wt .-%, preferably between 60 wt .-% and 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 65 wt .-% and 75% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

33. Sealing element according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polymer composition comprises ...

(b) up to 95% by weight of a second polyolefin.

34. Sealing element according to claim 33, wherein the polyalphaolefin has a density, determined according to ASTM D4052, of up to 0.860 g cm ³ , in particular between 0.825 g cm ³ and 0.855 g cm ³ .

35. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 34, wherein the polyalphaolefin still has an average molecular weight M _w , determined according to DIN 55672-1, of at least 440 Da, preferably between 440 Da and 12,000 Da, particularly preferably between 1,000 Da and 10,000 Da more preferably between 3000 Da and 10000 Da.

36. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 35, wherein the polyalphaolefin comprises a C ₆ to C ₁₄ alpha-olefin, preferably a C ₈ to _{C 0} alpha-olefin, as (co) monomer.

37. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the polyalphaolefin with a proportion of up to 65 wt .-%, preferably between 3 wt .-% and 65 wt .-%, more preferably between 3 wt .-% and 50 % By weight, even more preferably between 3% by weight and 30% by weight, most preferably between 5% by weight and 30% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

38. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 37, wherein the second polyolefin is a plastomer or an elastomer, in particular the second polyolefin is a polyolefin elastomer with a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, of less than 0.860 g cm ³ or the second polyolefin is a polyolefin plastomer with a density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1, between 0.860 g cm ³ and

0.910 g cm ³ .

39. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 38, wherein the second polyolefin is a (random) copolymer which _{comprises 1-butene and a C 2} , C ₃ or C ₅ to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as comonomers, more preferably that Copolymer 1-butene in a proportion of more than 50 mol% comprises as a comonomer.

40. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 39, wherein the second polyolefin is a (random) copolymer which _{comprises propene and a C 2} , C ₄ or C ₅ to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as comonomers, more preferably the copolymer propene with a proportion of more than 50 mol% as a comonomer.

41. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 40, wherein the second polyolefin is a (random or block) copolymer which _{comprises ethene and a C 5} to _{C 6} (alpha) olefin as comonomers, more preferably the copolymer ethene and a C ₅ C ₇ , Cg or Ci ₀ to Ci ₆ comprises (alpha) olefin as comonomers, even more preferably the copolymer comprises ethene with a proportion of more than 50 mol% as comonomer.

42. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 41, wherein the second polyolefin with a proportion of at most 80 wt .-%, preferably at most 70 wt .-%, or between 5 wt .-% and 95 wt .-%, preferably between 20% by weight and 95% by weight, more preferably between 50% by weight and 95% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

43. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 42, wherein the polymer composition comprises a third polymer, in particular a third polyolefin.

44. Sealing element according to claim 43, wherein the third polymer is a homopolymer, in particular the homopolymer of a C ₂ to C ₁₂ (alpha) olefin, preferably of a C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha) olefin, particularly preferably of a C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefin.

45. Sealing element according to claim 43, wherein the third polymer is a copolymer, in particular the copolymer at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₁₂ (alpha) olefins as comonomers, preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha- ) Olefins as comonomers, particularly preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefins as comonomers.

46. Sealing element according to one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the third polymer has a proportion of at most 35% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight and 35% by weight, particularly preferably between 5% by weight and 27 % By weight, more preferably between 5% by weight and 18% by weight, most preferably between 11% by weight and 18% by weight, is contained in the polymer composition.

47. Sealing element according to one of claims 33 to 46, wherein the polymer composition comprises a fourth polymer, in particular a fourth polyolefin.

48. Sealing element according to claim 47, wherein the fourth polymer is a homopolymer, especially the homopolymer of a C ₂ to Ci ₂ (alpha) olefin, preferably from one of a C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha) olefin, more preferably from a C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefin.

49. Sealing element according to claim 47, wherein the fourth polymer is a copolymer, in particular the copolymer at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₁₂ (alpha) olefins as comonomers, preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₈ (alpha- ) Olefins as comonomers, particularly preferably at least one or at least two C ₂ to C ₆ (alpha) olefins as comonomers.

50. Sealing element according to one of claims 47 to 49, wherein the fourth polymer with a proportion of at most 35 wt .-%, preferably between 5 wt .-% and

35% by weight, particularly preferably between 5% by weight and 27% by weight, even more preferably between 5% by weight and 18% by weight, most preferably between 11% by weight and 18% by weight %, is included.

51. Vessel closure (1, 21, 41, 61) with a sealing element according to one of the preceding claims.

52. Vessel (5, 25, 45) with a vessel mouth (5a, 25a, 45a) and a closable opening at the end of the vessel mouth, the opening being closed with a vessel closure (1, 21, 41, 61) according to claim 52.

53. A method for producing a foamed sealing element, in particular a foamed sealing element according to one of claims 1 to 50, the method comprising the steps ...

(a) incorporating a blowing agent into a polymer composition;

(c) forming the sealing element from the foamed polymer material.

54. The method according to claim 53, wherein the polymer composition is a polymer composition of claims 1 to 50, in particular a polymer composition of claims 2 to 50, especially without reference to claim 1 in each case.

55. The method of claim 53 or 54, wherein the blowing agent is introduced into an extruder and is mixed with the polymer composition in the extruder.

56. The method according to any one of claims 53 to 55, wherein the sealing element is formed by stamping or by applying it to a surface, in particular is formed by applying it to a surface and then stamping it.

57. The method according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the foaming increases the density of the foamed polymer material by at least 10%, preferably by at least 15%, more preferably by at least 20%, more preferably by at least 25%, even more preferably by at least 30% , most preferably by at least 35%, less than the density of the polymer composition.

58. The method according to any one of claims 53 to 57, wherein up to 10.0% by weight of the blowing agent, based on the total weight of the polymer composition including the blowing agent, is introduced into the polymer composition, in particular between 0.1% by weight and 8.0% by weight, preferably between

0.1 wt% and 6.0 wt%, more preferably between 0.2 wt% and 5.0 wt%, incorporated into the polymer composition.

59. The method according to any one of claims 53 to 58, wherein the propellant contains at least two different solids.

60. The method according to any one of claims 53 to 59, wherein the propellant contains at least one first substance and contains at least one second substance, carbon dioxide being produced by a chemical reaction of the first substance and the second substance.

61. The method according to claim 60, wherein the first substance is a carbonate or a carbamate, in particular an alkali, alkaline earth, aluminum, transition metal or ammonium compound thereof or a mixture of these, particularly preferably a sodium, magnesium, Calcium, aluminum or iron compounds thereof or a mixture of these.

62. The method according to any one of claims 60 or 61, wherein the second substance comprises a salt that contains phosphorus, in particular comprises a salt of a phosphate.

63. The method according to any one of claims 60 to 62, wherein the second substance contains at least two different compounds, both compounds chemically reacting with the first substance in such a way that carbon dioxide is produced by both reactions.

64. The method according to claim 63, wherein the reaction of the first compound of the second substance with the first substance within a unit of time produces a first amount of carbon dioxide and the reaction of the second compound of the second substance with the first substance within the time unit produces a second amount of carbon dioxide arises, whereby the resulting amounts of carbon dioxide vary in size within the same unit of time.

65. The method according to claim 64, wherein the amounts of carbon dioxide formed differ by at least a factor of 1.2, preferably by at least a factor of 1.5.

66. The method according to any one of claims 60 to 65, wherein the chemical reaction is triggered at a temperature of at least 70 ° C, preferably the chemical reaction is triggered at a temperature of at least 100 ° C, particularly preferably the chemical reaction at a temperature between 120 ° C and 200 ° C is triggered.

67. The method according to any one of claims 60 to 66, wherein the propellant contains a release agent, by means of which a chemical reaction between the first substance and the second substance is prevented or delayed.

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