EP4062118A1 - Echangeur de chaleur avec agencement de dispositifs mélangeurs améliorant la distribution d'un mélange diphasique - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur avec agencement de dispositifs mélangeurs améliorant la distribution d'un mélange diphasiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4062118A1 EP4062118A1 EP20804293.7A EP20804293A EP4062118A1 EP 4062118 A1 EP4062118 A1 EP 4062118A1 EP 20804293 A EP20804293 A EP 20804293A EP 4062118 A1 EP4062118 A1 EP 4062118A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- longitudinal
- mixing device
- passages
- exchanger
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising sets of passages for each of the fluids to be placed in a heat exchange relationship, the exchanger comprising an arrangement of mixing devices configured to distribute at least one mixture of two liquid phases more homogeneously. -gas in at least one of the sets of passages.
- the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one flow of liquid-gas mixture, in particular a flow of liquid-gas mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture comprising hydrocarbons, by exchange. heat with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas, which cools, or even liquefies at least in part, or even liquefied natural gas which sub-cools.
- a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one flow of liquid-gas mixture, in particular a flow of liquid-gas mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture comprising hydrocarbons, by exchange. heat with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas, which cools, or even liquefies at least in part, or even liquefied natural gas which sub-cools.
- liquefying a natural gas stream to obtain liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- a refrigerant stream generally a mixture of several constituents, such as a mixture containing hydrocarbons, is compressed by a compressor then introduced into an exchanger or a succession of exchangers where it is completely liquefied and sub-cooled to the coldest temperature of the process, typically that of the liquefied natural gas stream.
- the refrigerant stream is expanded, forming a liquid phase and a gas phase.
- exchangers comprise a stack of plates which extend in two dimensions, length and width, thus constituting a stack of several sets of passages positioned on top of each other, some being intended for the circulation of a circulating fluid, for example the stream of hydrocarbons to be liquefied, others being intended for the circulation of a refrigerant, for example the two-phase refrigerant current to be vaporized.
- Heat exchange structures such as heat exchange waves, are usually placed in the passages of the exchanger. These structures include fins that extend between the exchanger plates and increase the heat exchange surface area of the exchanger. They also play the role of spacers and contribute to the mechanical strength of the passages.
- the proportion of liquid phase and gas phase must be the same in all passages and must be uniform within the same passage.
- the sizing of the exchanger is calculated assuming a uniform distribution of the phases, and therefore a single end of vaporization temperature of the liquid phase, equal to the dew point temperature of the mixture.
- the end of vaporization temperature will depend on the proportion of liquid phase and gas phase in the passages since the two phases do not have the same compositions.
- the temperature profile of the first fluid will therefore vary according to the passages and / or within the same passage. Due to this non-uniform distribution, it may then happen that the fluid or fluids in exchange relation with the two-phase mixture have a temperature at the outlet of the exchanger higher than that expected, which consequently degrades the performance of the heat exchanger. the heat exchanger.
- the documents FR-A-2563620 or WO-A-2018172644 describe such exchangers in which a grooved bar is inserted in the set of passages intended to channel the two-phase mixture.
- This mixing device has a series of separate channels or grooves for the flow of the liquid phase of the refrigerant and another series of separate channels for the flow of the gas phase of the refrigerant.
- the channels of one series are fluidly connected to the channels of the other series by orifices so that a liquid-gas mixture is distributed at the outlet of the mixing device towards the heat exchange zone.
- Each refrigerant passage of the exchanger is fitted with such a device.
- a problem that arises with this type of mixing device relates to the uneven distribution of the liquid-gas mixture in the width of the passages of the exchanger.
- the two-phase mixture is distributed at the outlet of the channels opening into the passage. Since the channels are arranged at a certain distance from each other, the introduction of the liquid-gas mixture into the exchange zone occurs discreetly across the width of the passage.
- a distribution can take place in the direction orthogonal to the overall direction of flow, in particular thanks to the exchange waves generally employed in this type of exchanger such as perforated or “serrated” type waves which tend to deviate part of the fluid from its direction of flow.
- homogenization of the distribution of fluid across the width of the exchanger is only achieved after a certain distance traveled by the mixture after exiting the mixing device. Over this distance, the fluid feeds the exchange zone with unequal mass flow rates depending on the position considered in the width of the exchanger. Some channels of the exchange waves may be poorly or even unpowered. The performance of the exchanger is degraded. In some configurations, acceptable homogenization may not even be achieved. This is particularly the case when the exchange zone is provided with straight waves, with which distribution by lateral deflection of the fluid is not possible.
- the object of the present invention is to resolve all or part of the above-mentioned problems, in particular by providing a heat exchanger ensuring a more homogeneous distribution of a two-phase mixture across the width of the exchanger.
- a heat exchanger comprising several plates arranged parallel to each other and to a longitudinal direction, said plates being stacked with spacing so as to define between them at least a first set of passages configured for the flow of water.
- a first fluid generally in the longitudinal direction and at least a second set of passages configured for the flow of a second fluid to be placed in heat exchange relation with the first fluid, at least a first passage of the first set comprising a first mixing device and at least one second passage of the first assembly comprising a second mixing device, each of the first and second mixing devices comprising:
- the first and second mixing devices are configured to distribute a mixture of the first phase and of the second phase through the second outlets of their channels respective longitudinal ones, characterized in that the longitudinal channels of the first mixing device are arranged, at least in part, at positions in the lateral direction different from the positions of the longitudinal channels of the second mixing device.
- the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: - the second mixing device comprises two longitudinal edges extending parallel to the longitudinal direction, each longitudinal channel of the first mixing device being interposed, in the lateral direction, between two successive longitudinal channels of the second mixing device or between a longitudinal channel and an edge longitudinal of the second mixing device.
- a single longitudinal channel of the first mixing device is interposed, in the lateral direction, between two successive longitudinal channels of the second mixing device or between a longitudinal channel and a longitudinal edge of the second mixing device.
- the longitudinal channels of the first mixing device are separated from each other by a first constant distance and the longitudinal channels of the second mixing device are separated from each other by a second constant distance, preferably the first distance and the second distance are equal.
- the series of longitudinal channels of the second mixing device is offset by an offset distance, measured in the lateral direction, with respect to the series of longitudinal channels of the first device, preferably the offset distance represents between 25 and 75% of the first distance, preferably the offset distance is 50% of the first distance.
- the first distance and / or the second distance is between 10 and 40 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 20 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm.
- Each of the first and second passages has a longitudinal axis of symmetry extending parallel to the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal channels of each first and second mixing device being arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of symmetry.
- first passages and second passages arranged alternately, at least one passage of the second set being arranged between at least a first passage and at least a second consecutive passage to said at least a first passage.
- the lateral channels and / or the longitudinal channels of the first mixing device and of the second mixing device are of rectilinear shape, preferably of parallelepipedal or generally parallelepipedal shape.
- the first and second mixing devices each comprise a series of lateral channels extending in the lateral direction and succeeding each other in the longitudinal direction.
- the invention relates to a process for liquefying a stream comprising hydrocarbons such as natural gas as a second fluid, said process implementing at least one exchanger according to the invention and comprising the following steps: a) introduction of the stream of hydrocarbons into the passages of the second set, b) introduction of a refrigerant stream into a third set of passages of the heat exchanger, c) outlet of the refrigerant stream from the heat exchanger and expansion refrigerant stream at at least one pressure level so as to produce at least one two-phase refrigerant stream, d) separation of at least part of the two-phase refrigerant stream from step c) into a gas phase and a liquid phase, e) introduction into each of the first and second passages of the first set, respectively, of at least part of the gas phase and at least part of the liquid phase through separate inlets of said first and second passages, f) passage of the phases introduced in step e) in first and second mixing devices so as to obtain a first and second mixing devices
- natural gas refers to any composition containing hydrocarbons including at least methane. This includes a "crude” composition (prior to any treatment or washing), as well as any composition that has been partially, substantially or fully treated for reduction and / or elimination. one or more compounds, including, but not limited to sulfur, carbon dioxide, water, mercury, and certain heavy and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a first mixing device according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane perpendicular to the plates of the exchanger, of a first mixing device according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane parallel to the plates of the exchanger, of a first and a second mixing device according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane parallel to the plates of the exchanger, of a first and a second mixing device according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 6 shows the results of fluid flow simulations at the outlet of mixing devices configured according to the prior art and of devices configured according to the invention.
- Fig. 7 shows schematically a process for liquefying an hydrocarbon stream according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 8 shows schematically a process for liquefying an hydrocarbon stream according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a heat exchanger 1 comprising a stack of plates 2 (not visible) which extend in two dimensions, parallel to a plane defined by a longitudinal direction z and a lateral direction y.
- the plates 2 are arranged parallel one above the other with spacing and thus form a superposition of passages for fluids in indirect heat exchange relation via said plates.
- each passage has a parallelepipedal and flat shape.
- the difference between two successive plates is small compared to the length, measured in the longitudinal direction z, and the width, measured in the lateral direction y, of each passage.
- the exchanger 1 can comprise a number of plates greater than 20, or even greater than 100, defining between them a first set of first and second passages 10A, 10B (the passages 10B are not visible in FIG. 1) to channel at least a first fluid F1, and a second set of passages 20 (not visible in FIG. 1) for channeling at least a second fluid F2, the flow of said fluids taking place generally in the z direction.
- the passages 10A, 10B may be arranged, in whole or in part, alternating and / or adjacent to all or part of the passages 20.
- the exchanger 1 may comprise a third set of passages, or even more, for the flow of one or more additional fluids. These sets of passages are superimposed on each other forming a stack of passages.
- the sealing of the passages 10A, 10B, 20 along the edges of the plates 2 is generally ensured by lateral and longitudinal sealing strips 4 fixed to the plates 2.
- the lateral sealing strips 4 do not completely block the passages. 10A, 10B, 20 but advantageously leave fluid inlet and outlet openings located in the diagonally opposite corners of the passages.
- the openings of the passages 10A, 10B of the first set are disposed in coincidence one above the other, while the openings of the passages 20 of the second set are disposed in opposite corners.
- the openings placed one above the other are united respectively in collectors of semi-tubular shape 40, 45, 52, 55, through which the distribution and evacuation of the fluids in and from the passages take place. 10A, 10B, 20.
- fluid inlet and outlet configurations other than that according to Fig. 1 can be used.
- the openings of the passages can thus be arranged at other positions in the width of the exchanger, in particular in the center of the width of the exchanger, and / or at other positions in the length of the exchanger.
- the semi-tubular collectors 52 and 45 are used for the introduction of fluids into the exchanger 1 and the semi-tubular collectors 40, 55 are used for the evacuation of these fluids out of the exchanger 1.
- the supply manifold of one of the fluids and the discharge manifold of the other fluid are located at the same end of the exchanger, the fluids F1, F2 thus circulating in counter-current in exchanger 1.
- the first and second fluids can also circulate in co-current, the means for supplying one of the fluids and the means for discharging the other fluid then being located at opposite ends of the exchanger 1.
- the z direction is oriented vertically when the exchanger 1 is in operation.
- the first fluid F1 flows generally vertically and in an upward direction.
- Other directions and direction of flow of the fluids F1, F2 are of course conceivable, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- one or more second F2 fluids of different types can flow within the passages 20 of the second set.
- the first fluid F1 is a refrigerant and the second fluid F2 is a circulating fluid.
- the exchanger advantageously comprises distribution waves 51, 54, arranged between two successive plates 2 in the form of corrugated sheets, which extend from the inlet and outlet openings.
- the distribution waves 51, 54 ensure the uniform distribution and the recovery of the fluids over the entire width of the passages 10A, 10B, 20.
- the passages 10A, 10B, 20 advantageously comprise heat exchange structures arranged between the plates 2.
- the function of these structures is to increase the heat exchange surface area of the exchanger and to increase the coefficients of exchange between fluids making the flows more turbulent.
- the heat exchange structures are in contact with the fluids circulating in the passages and transfer heat flows by conduction to the adjacent plates 2, to which they can be fixed by brazing, which increases the mechanical resistance of the exchanger.
- the heat exchange structures also have a function of spacers between the plates 2, in particular when assembling the exchanger by brazing and to prevent any deformation of the plates when using pressurized fluids. They also ensure the guidance of the fluid flows in the passages of the exchanger.
- these structures comprise heat exchange waves 11 which advantageously extend along the width and the length of the passages 10A, 10B, 20, parallel to the plates 2, in the extension of the distribution waves along the length of the passages.
- the passages 10A, 10B, 20 of the exchanger thus have a main part of their length constituting the heat exchange part. proper, which is lined with a heat exchange structure, said main part being bordered by distribution parts lined with distribution waves 51, 54.
- Fig. 1 shows a first passage 10A of the first assembly configured for the flow of a first fluid F1 in the form of a two-phase mixture, also called two-phase mixture.
- the first set comprises several first passages 10A of this type as well as several second passages 10B superimposed on the first passages and of a structure similar to that of the first passages 10A.
- the first fluid F1 is separated in a separator device 6 into a first phase 61 and a second phase 62 introduced separately into the exchanger 1 via a first manifold 30 and a second manifold 52 separate.
- the first phase 61 is liquid and the second phase 62 is gaseous.
- the first and second phases 61, 62 are then mixed with each other by means of a first mixing device 3A arranged in at least a first passage 10A.
- a first mixing device 3A arranged in at least a first passage 10A.
- several first passages 10A, or even all of the passages 10A of the first set include a first mixing device 3A.
- the first and second phases 61, 62 are mixed with each other by means of a second mixing device 3B arranged in at least a second passage 10B.
- several second passages 10B, or even all of the passages 10B of the first set comprises a second mixing device 3B.
- the semi-tubular collectors 52 and 55 are fluidly connected to the inlets and outlets of the passages 10A and 10B.
- the first manifold 30 is fluidly connected to at least a first inlet 311 A, 311 B of each of the first and second mixing devices 3A, 3B.
- the second manifold 52 is fluidly connected to at least a second inlet 321 A, 321 B of each of the first and second mixing devices 3A, 3B.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a mixing device 3A positioned at a certain distance from the distribution zone 51 of the exchanger 1.
- the first mixing device 3A can be positioned directly after the distribution zone, or juxtaposed to said zone, or by being formed in one piece with the distribution zone.
- the mixing device forms a monolithic part, which can be manufactured by conventional machining or by additive manufacturing, ie by 3D printing, for example by laser sintering.
- Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a first mixing device 3A advantageously consisting of a bar, or rod, housed in a first passage 10A.
- the second mixer device 3B can have all or some of the characteristics described for the first device 3A.
- the first mixing device 3A preferably extends in the section of the passage 10 over almost all, if not all, of the height of the first passage 10A, so that the mixing device is in contact with each plate 2 forming the first passage 10A.
- the first mixing device 3A is advantageously fixed to the plates 2 by brazing.
- the first mixing device 3A is advantageously of generally parallelepipedal shape.
- the first mixer device 3A is a monolithic part, i. e. formed as a block or in one piece.
- the first mixer device 3A can be manufactured by conventional machining or by additive manufacturing.
- the first mixing device 3A may have, parallel to the longitudinal direction z, a first dimension comprised between 20 and 200 mm and, parallel to the lateral direction y, a second dimension comprised between 100 and 1,400 mm.
- the first mixing device 3A comprises at least one side channel 31A configured for the flow of the first phase 61 of the first fluid F1 from at least one first inlet 311 A.
- the side channel 31 A extends in parallel. to the lateral direction y.
- It further comprises a series of longitudinal channels 32A extending parallel to the longitudinal direction z and configured for the flow of the second phase 62 of the first fluid F1 from a second inlet 321A to a second outlet 322A, said longitudinal channels being arranged at successive positions y ,, yi + i, ... in a lateral direction y.
- the lateral channel 31 A extends over the entire second dimension and / or the longitudinal channel 32A extends over the entire first dimension.
- the mixing device 3A comprises at least a first inlet 311 A in fluid communication with the first manifold 30 and a second inlet 321 A, separate, ie distinct, from the first inlet 311 A, in fluid communication with the second manifold 52
- the first manifold 30 is fluidly connected to a first phase source 61 and the second manifold 52 is fluidly connected. to another second phase source 62.
- Said at least one first inlet 311A and said at least one second inlet 321A are placed in fluid communication via at least one orifice 34.
- the first and second inlets are advantageously formed by opening the side channels and longitudinal at the level of the lateral and longitudinal peripheral edges of the devices 3A, 3B.
- Fig. 2 shows an introduction of the first phase 61 by one end of the device 3A comprising several first inputs 311A.
- the first mixer device 3A comprises at least one other first inlet for the first phase 61 located at an opposite end of the device 3A.
- these other inlets are obtained by extending the side channels 31 A, 31 B until they open out at an opposite side edge of the exchanger 1.
- another first manifold 30 is arranged. on an opposite side of the exchanger 1.
- the introduction of the first phase 61 on either side of the mixing device makes it possible to reduce the effect of pressure drops during the flow of the first phase in the lateral channels , which promotes a more homogeneous distribution of the two-phase mixture over the width of the exchanger.
- the first mixing device 3A comprises a mixing volume located in the longitudinal channel 32A, downstream of the orifice 34 following the direction of flow of the first phase 61 in the orifice 34
- the side channel 31 A is fluidly connected to at least one longitudinal channel 32A so that, when the first phase 61 flows into the side channel 31 A and the second phase 62 flows into the longitudinal channel 32A, the first device mixer 3A distributes via a second outlet 322A of channel 32A a mixture of the first phase 61 and of the second phase 62, preferably a two-phase liquid-gas mixture F1.
- the longitudinal channel and / or the lateral channel have generally rectilinear shapes.
- the channels 31 A, 32A are advantageously in the form of longitudinal recesses formed in the mixing device 3. They preferably open out at the level of the upper surfaces 3a and lower 3b of the mixing device 3A.
- the channels 31A, 32A have a cross section of square or rectangular shape but may optionally have other shapes (round, portion of round, etc.).
- the orifices 34 are advantageously bores 34 made in the material of the device 3A and extending between the lateral channel 31 A and the longitudinal channel 32A, preferably in the plane formed by the x and y directions, the orifices 34 being able to be inclined. with respect to the x direction or, preferably, be aligned with the vertical x direction.
- the orifices 34 are of cylindrical symmetry, more preferably of cylindrical shape.
- said at least one lateral channel 31 A comprises a bottom wall 3c and said at least one longitudinal channel 32A comprises a top wall 3d which extends opposite the bottom wall 3c, the orifices 34 being drilled in the bottom wall of the side channel 31 and opening into the top wall of the longitudinal channel 32A.
- Fig. 3 is a view of the mixing device 3A of FIG. 2 in a section plane orthogonal to the lateral direction y and passing through the orifice 34.
- the flow of the two-phase mixture of the first fluid F1 preferably takes place in the longitudinal direction z, with a progressive expansion in the width of the passage.
- the homogenization of the flows in each passage is only obtained beyond a certain distance traveled by the mixture. This lack of homogenization of the mixture F1 occurs throughout the stack of passages 10A, 10B of the first set.
- the present invention proposes to arrange respectively in a first passage 10A and in a second passage 10B of the first set, a first mixing device 3A and a second device 3B of different configuration with at least one part, preferably all of the longitudinal channels 32A of the first mixer device 3A positioned, along the lateral direction y, at positions different from those of the longitudinal channels 32B of the first mixer device 32B.
- at least a part is meant one or more or all of the longitudinal channels 32A of the series.
- the mixing flow disparities across the width of the exchanger are reduced or even eliminated after a shorter propagation distance of the mixture downstream of the mixing devices.
- the heat exchanges between the two-phase mixture and the second fluid F2, and hence the operation of the exchanger, are improved.
- the mechanical strength of the heat exchanger, during its brazing or in operation, is improved.
- the channels 32A and 32B are no longer positioned superimposed in the stack of the exchanger and the lack of material resulting from the channels 32A and 32B is better distributed, which stiffens the stack.
- thermal stresses are reduced due to a better distribution of the two-phase mixture seen by the second fluid.
- the first set of passages for the flow of the two-phase mixture comprises several first passages 10A and several second passages 10B comprising first and second mixing devices configured according to the invention.
- the first passages 10A and second passages 10B are advantageously positioned alternately within the stack of passages forming the exchanger.
- At least one passage 20 of the second set is arranged between at least a first passage 10A and at least one second passage 10B consecutive to said at least one first passage 10A.
- the stack of passages may have the following alternation pattern: first passage 10A, passage 20, second passage 10B, passage 20, first passage 10A, passage 20 ... The number of refrigerant passages is thus minimized.
- the stack of passages may have the following alternation pattern: first passage 10A, second passage 10B, passage 20, first passage 10A, second passage 10B, passage 20, etc.
- the present invention allows better homogenization of the overall refrigeration supply of the two-phase mixture to the second circulating fluid and therefore an improvement in the performance of the exchanger.
- Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show embodiments of the first and second device 3A, 3B according to the invention.
- the devices 3A, 3B are shown side by side in the same plane but, in operation, they are arranged in separate passages 10A, 10B superimposed in the x direction, preferably they are located at the same position along the longitudinal direction z.
- the positioning of the longitudinal channels 32A, 32B within the devices 3A, 3B is shown schematically by vertical lines.
- the AA axis represents the longitudinal axis of symmetry of each passage 10A, 10B in the plane formed by the y and z directions.
- Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 schematically represent the longitudinal channels in the form of lines.
- the positions y ,, y, + i , yi + 2 ... of each channel along the lateral direction y can be determined by considering the position of the center of each channel along the lateral direction y.
- the position of a channel in the y direction corresponds to the position of the axis of symmetry of the channel located at an equal distance from the side walls of the channel, as seen in FIG. 2.
- the longitudinal channels 32A of the first mixer device 3A are separated from each other by a first constant distance DA and the longitudinal channels 32B of the second mixer device 3B are separated from each other by a second constant distance DB.
- the distances DA, DB are measured parallel to the longitudinal direction y.
- the first distance DA and the second distance DB are equal.
- the first distance DA and / or the second distance DB may be between 10 and 40 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 20 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm.
- the mixing devices 3A, 3B are each delimited by two longitudinal edges 3e.
- the mixing devices 3A, 3B are dimensioned so as to cover at least partially, preferably entirely, the longitudinal sealing strips 4 which seal the passages along the longitudinal direction z.
- the mixing devices 3A, 3B thus have a useful width L y which is less than the distance between the two longitudinal edges 3e and which corresponds to the width of the mixing devices exposed to the fluid, that is to say the width of the passage 10A. or 10B.
- the mixing devices 3A, 3B have a useful zone of width L y which extends between two ends 81 and covering zones 80 which extend beyond the passages 10A, 10B and the width of which advantageously corresponds to that of the bands. side seals 4, as shown in Fig. 1. Such an arrangement ensures the rigidity of the stack and better mechanical strength of the brazed assembly.
- each longitudinal channel 32A of the first mixer device 3A is interposed, in the lateral direction y, between two successive longitudinal channels 32B of the second mixer device 3B or between a longitudinal channel 32B and a longitudinal edge 3e of the second mixer device 3B.
- a single longitudinal channel 32A of the first mixer device 3A is interposed, in the lateral direction y, between two successive longitudinal channels 32B of the second mixer device 3B or between a longitudinal channel 32B and a lateral edge 3e of the second mixer device 3B.
- each pair of successive longitudinal channels 32B of the second mixer device 3B corresponds a longitudinal channel 32A of the first mixer device 3A interposed between the channels of said pair, possibly with a longitudinal channel 32A of the first mixer device 3A interposed between a longitudinal channel 32B and a side edge 3e of the second mixing device 3B.
- the series of longitudinal channels 32B of the second mixer device 3B is offset by a predetermined offset distance D y , measured in the lateral direction y, with respect to the series of longitudinal channels 32A of the first device 3A.
- the offset distance D y represents between 25 and 75% of the first distance D A , preferably the offset distance D y is of the order of 50% of the first distance D A.
- the expression "of the order” means 50% or about 50%, with a variation of plus or minus 10% around this value.
- the first and second mixing devices are of identical structure, one of the mixing devices being rotated by 180 ° with respect to the other in the plane formed by the y and z directions before being mounted in its passage.
- the advantage of this configuration is that you only have to manufacture one type of mixing device, the different distribution of the longitudinal channels 32A, 32B being obtained by a simple inversion of the device in the plane formed by the y and z directions.
- the distances D A and D B are equal and the offset D y is equal to half of D A.
- the number of longitudinal channels 32A, 32B of the first and second mixer devices is identical.
- the longitudinal channels 32A, 32B are arranged so that, for one of the mixing devices, the first longitudinal channel of the series is located at a distance D A from one end 81 of the useful area and the last longitudinal channel 32A from the series is located at a distance D A / 2 from the opposite end 81 of the useful zone, and vice versa for the other mixing device.
- Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment in which the longitudinal channels of the first and second passages 10A, 10B are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry AA of the exchanger.
- the advantage of this configuration is to keep distribution points of the two-phase mixture distributed symmetrically across the width of the exchanger.
- the distances D A and D BS are equal and the offset D y is equal to half of D A.
- One of the first and second mixing devices has an additional longitudinal channel with respect to the other mixing device.
- the longitudinal channels 32A, 32B are arranged so that, for one of the mixing devices, the first longitudinal channel and the last longitudinal channel 32A of the series are located at a distance D A from each opposite end 81 of the useful area.
- the first longitudinal channel and the last longitudinal channel of the series are located at a distance D A / 2 from the opposite ends 81 of the useful zone.
- the useful width L y of the mixing devices is a multiple of the distance D A.
- the first and second mixing devices 3A, 3B are arranged in their respective passages 10A, 10B so that their lower surfaces 3b at which their longitudinal channels 32A, 32B open are all oriented in the vertical direction x or, as illustrated in particular in FIG. 3, are all oriented in a direction opposite to the vertical direction x.
- At least one of the first mixing devices 3A have a lower surface 3b oriented in an opposite direction with respect to the direction of orientation of the lower surface 3b of at least one second mixing device 3B and / or d 'at least one other first mixer device 3A, i.e. at least one first mixer device is turned over, before being arranged in its passage, 180 ° around an axis parallel to the y direction.
- This makes it possible to direct the flow of the two-phase mixture towards certain adjacent passages 20 of the second set in order to favor heat exchange with certain circulating fluids rather than others. It is for example possible to envisage an alternating orientation of the lower surfaces 3b of the first and second mixing devices succeeding one another in the stack of passages.
- the longitudinal channels of the additional mixing devices are arranged, in the lateral direction y, at positions different from those of the first and second mixing devices.
- the exchanger would comprise a third mixing device 3C with longitudinal channels 32C, longitudinal channels of the first mixing device 3A and of the second mixing device 3B being interposed, in the lateral direction y, between two successive longitudinal channels 32C of the third device or between a longitudinal channel 32C and a longitudinal edge of the third device 3C.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of simulations of the propagation of a two-phase mixture in an exchanger comprising a conventional arrangement of passages with the same type of mixing devices (configuration A), and an arrangement of passages with first and second mixing devices configured according to the invention (configuration B).
- each passage of the first set included a mixing device in the form of a grooved bar having, as longitudinal channels, a series of parallelepiped-shaped grooves succeeding each other at regular intervals of 30 mm and, as lateral channels, a series of parallelepiped shaped grooves fluidly connected to the longitudinal channels by a single orifice per longitudinal channel.
- the geometry of the orifices was identical for all the longitudinal channels.
- the longitudinal channels of each mixing device were arranged in the same number and at identical positions y ,, yi + i, ... in the lateral direction y.
- first and second mixing devices were arranged alternately in the passages of the first set of passages of the exchanger.
- waves of the “serrated” type i. e. partially offset, were arranged at the outlet of the mixing devices in each passage.
- One hypothesis of the simulation being that the mixing flow rate was divided into two equal parts with each change in wave tightness.
- Fig. 6 shows the dimensionless mass flow rates obtained in the lateral direction y at a propagation distance of 200 mm, in the longitudinal direction z, after the exit of the longitudinal channels and by averaging the flow rates over all the passages of the first set of the exchanger. It can be seen that the amplitude of the variation in flow rate across the width of the exchanger is reduced in configuration B according to the invention.
- Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show examples of processes implementing one or more exchangers according to the invention.
- Fig. 7 shows schematically a process for liquefying a stream of hydrocarbons 102 as a second fluid F2, which may be natural gas, optionally pre-treated, for example having undergone a separation of at least one of the following constituents: water, dioxide of carbon, sulfur compounds, methanol, mercury, before its introduction into the heat exchanger 1.
- the hydrocarbon stream comprises, in mole fraction, at least 60% methane, preferably at least 80%.
- the hydrocarbon stream 102 and the refrigerant stream 202 enter the exchanger 1 respectively through a third inlet 25 and a fourth inlet 21 in order to flow there in dedicated passages of the exchanger in directions parallel to the longitudinal direction z, which is substantially vertical in operation.
- the flow of hydrocarbons 102 circulates in the passages 20 of the second assembly supplied by the third inlet 25.
- the refrigerant stream 202 circulates in a third set of passages arranged within the stack forming the exchanger 1. These streams emerge through a third outlet 22 and a first outlet 23.
- the passages of the second and of the third set are arranged, in whole or in part, alternately and / or adjacent to all or part of the passages 10A, 10B of the first set.
- the fourth inlet 21 for the refrigerant stream 202 and the third inlet 25 for the hydrocarbon stream 102 are arranged so that the refrigerant stream 202, and optionally the hydrocarbon stream 102, flow cocurrently in the downward direction, in the direction of a second end 1b of the exchanger which is located at a level lower than that of a first end 1a of said exchanger.
- the first end 1a corresponds to the hot end of the exchanger 1, i. e. the entry point of the exchanger where a fluid is introduced at the highest temperature of the exchanger temperatures, this entry point possibly being the fourth inlet 21 or the third inlet 25 depending on the process.
- the hydrocarbon stream 102 can be introduced into exchanger 1 at a temperature between -130 and 40 ° C.
- the hydrocarbon stream 102 is introduced in the fully gaseous or partially liquefied state into the exchanger 1 at a temperature between -80 and -35 ° C.
- the hydrocarbon stream 102 is introduced completely liquefied into exchanger 1 at a temperature between -130 and -100 ° C.
- the refrigerant stream 201 leaving the exchanger 1 is expanded by an expansion member T3, such as a turbine, a valve or a combination of a turbine and a valve, so as to form a two-phase refrigerant stream 203 comprising a phase liquid and a gas phase.
- the two-phase refrigerant stream 203 forms the first fluid F1 considered previously.
- At least part of the two-phase refrigerant stream 203 coming from the expansion is introduced into a separator member 27.
- the separator member can be any device suitable for separating a two-phase fluid into a gas stream on the one hand and a liquid stream on the other hand. go.
- the gas phase 62 is introduced through the collector 52 which supplies the second inlets 321 A, 321 B of the first and second mixing devices 3A, 3B arranged in the first and second passages 10A, 10B of the first set.
- the liquid phase 61 is introduced by the first collector 30 which supplies the first inlets 311 A, 311 B of the first and second mixing devices 3A, 3B (not shown in Fig. 7).
- the gas phase is introduced through an inlet located in the region of the second end 1b corresponding to the cold end of the exchanger 1, i. e. the point of entry into the exchanger where a fluid is introduced at the lowest temperature of the fluid temperatures in the exchanger.
- the two phases 61, 62 of the two-phase current 203 are recombined within the exchanger 1 and distributed in the state of a liquid-gas mixture in the first 10A and second 10B passages of the exchanger 1 provided respectively with first 3A and second 3B mixing devices according to the invention.
- the two-phase refrigerant stream 203 is introduced into the heat exchanger 1 at a first temperature T1 of between -120 and -160 ° C and leaves the heat exchanger 1 at a second temperature T2 higher than the first temperature T1, preferably with T2 between -35 and -130 ° C.
- the two-phase refrigerant stream 203 is introduced into the heat exchanger 1 at a first temperature T1 of between -130 and -80 ° C and leaves the heat exchanger 1 at a second temperature T2 higher than the first temperature T1, preferably with T2 between -10 and 50 ° C.
- Said at least part of the two-phase refrigerant stream 203 flows in the passages 10A, 10B in an upward direction and is vaporized by countercurrently refrigerating the natural gas 102 and the refrigerant stream 202.
- a cooled hydrocarbon stream is obtained. and / or at least partially liquefied 101 at the outlet of exchanger 1.
- the vaporized refrigerant stream leaves the exchanger 1 via a second outlet 42 connected to the manifold 55 to be compressed by a compressor and then cooled in an indirect heat exchanger by heat exchange with an external cooling fluid, for example water. or air (at 26 in Fig. 1).
- the pressure of the refrigerant stream leaving the compressor can be between 2 MPa and 9 MPa.
- the temperature of the refrigerant stream at the outlet of the indirect heat exchanger can be between 10 ° C and 45 ° C.
- the refrigerant stream is not split into separate fractions, but, to optimize the approach in exchanger 1, the refrigerant stream can also be split into two or three fractions, each fraction being expanded to a different pressure level and then sent to different stages of the compressor.
- the refrigerant stream 202 contains hydrocarbons having a carbon atom number of at most 5, preferably at most three, more preferably at most two.
- the refrigerant stream 202 is formed for example by a mixture of hydrocarbons and nitrogen such as a mixture of methane, ethane and nitrogen but can also contain propane, butane, isobutane , n-butane, pentane, isopentane, n-pentane and / or ethylene.
- nitrogen such as a mixture of methane, ethane and nitrogen but can also contain propane, butane, isobutane , n-butane, pentane, isopentane, n-pentane and / or ethylene.
- the proportions in mole fractions (%) of the components of the refrigerant stream can be:
- the refrigerant stream may include, replacing ethane, ethylene and, replacing all or part of the propane, compounds of the type C4, C5.
- the natural gas exits at least partially liquefied 101 from the exchanger 1 at a temperature preferably at least 10 ° C higher than the bubble temperature of the liquefied natural gas produced at atmospheric pressure (the bubble temperature designates the temperature at which the first vapor bubbles form in a liquid natural gas at a given pressure) and at a pressure identical to the natural gas inlet pressure, except for pressure drops.
- the bubble temperature designates the temperature at which the first vapor bubbles form in a liquid natural gas at a given pressure
- natural gas leaves exchanger 1 at a temperature between -100 ° C and -162 ° C and at a pressure between 2 MPa and 7 MPa. Under these temperature and pressure conditions, and depending on its composition, natural gas does not generally remain liquid after expansion to atmospheric pressure.
- the process for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream according to the invention can implement one or more additional refrigeration cycles. carried out upstream of the main refrigeration cycle described above, so as to pre-cool the hydrocarbon stream.
- Fig. 8 shows schematically a process for liquefying a stream of hydrocarbons such as natural gas comprising an additional refrigeration cycle in which the natural gas is cooled to a temperature close to its dew point using at least two different levels of relaxation to increase the efficiency of the cycle.
- This additional refrigeration cycle is operated by means of an additional refrigerant stream 300 in an additional heat exchanger 2, called the pre-cooling exchanger, arranged upstream of the heat exchanger 1 in the direction of the flow of the current. of hydrocarbons 110, which then forms the liquefaction exchanger.
- a feed stream 110 arrives, for example, at a pressure of between 2.5 MPa and 7 MPa and at a temperature of between 20 ° C and 60 ° C.
- the feed stream 110 comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons such as natural gas, the refrigerant stream 202, an additional refrigerant stream 300 enter the additional exchanger 2 to flow therein in parallel directions and co-current in the direction. descending.
- the stream of hydrocarbons 102 leaves in the gaseous or partially liquefied state, for example at a temperature between between - 35 ° C and - 70 ° C.
- the refrigerant stream 202 can also exit completely condensed from the exchanger 2, for example at a temperature between - 35 ° C and - 70 ° C.
- Stream 102 is then introduced into exchanger 1.
- the stream 203 is vaporized in the exchanger 1 and leaves it to be compressed by the compressor K2 and then cooled in the indirect heat exchanger C2 by heat exchange with an external cooling fluid, for example water or air.
- the refrigerant stream from exchanger C2 is then returned to additional exchanger 2.
- Additional refrigerant stream 300 may be a mixture of hydrocarbons such as a mixture of ethane and propane, but may also contain methane, ethylene, propylene, butane and / or pentane.
- the proportions in molar fraction (%) of the components of the first cooling mixture can be:
- the additional exchanger 2 which is also of the brazed plate and fin type, at least two partial streams issuing from the additional refrigerant stream 300 are withdrawn from the exchanger at at least two separate outlet points and then relaxed to pressure levels. different, giving rise to two-phase expanded partial currents each comprising a liquid phase and a gas phase. At least part of these two-phase partial currents is introduced into respective separator members 24, 25, 26.
- each separating member The gaseous and liquid phases separated by each separating member are introduced through separate inlets of the additional exchanger 2 and recombined within mixing devices (not shown) so as to form at least two refrigerants introduced in the state of a liquid mixture. -gas in dedicated refrigerant passages. Alternatively, only the liquid phase is injected into exchanger 2 and the gas phase is directed to the inlet of the compression stages of compressor K1. These refrigerants are vaporized in the additional exchanger 2 by heat exchange with the feed stream 110 and the refrigerant stream 200 and the additional refrigerant stream 300.
- the additional exchanger comprises at least two refrigerant passages each comprising a mixing device, these devices comprising one or more of the characteristics described above for the first and second mixing devices 3A, 3B.
- the refrigerants vaporized in their respective refrigerant passages are sent to different stages of the compressor K1, compressed and then condensed in a condenser by heat exchange with an external cooling fluid, for example water or air.
- the stream coming from the condenser is returned to the additional exchanger 2.
- the pressure of the first refrigerant stream at the outlet of the compressor K1 can be between 2 MPa and 6 MPa.
- the temperature of the additional refrigerant stream at the outlet of the condenser C1 can be between 10 ° C and 45 ° C.
- the refrigerants flow from one end 2b of the additional exchanger 2 to another end 2a in the longitudinal direction z, in the upward direction.
- the end 2b corresponds to the cold end of the additional exchanger 2 where the refrigerant is introduced at the lowest temperature of the temperatures of the additional exchanger 2.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1913017A FR3103543B1 (fr) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | Echangeur de chaleur avec agencement de dispositifs mélangeurs améliorant la distribution d’un mélange diphasique |
| PCT/EP2020/082300 WO2021099275A1 (fr) | 2019-11-21 | 2020-11-16 | Echangeur de chaleur avec agencement de dispositifs mélangeurs améliorant la distribution d'un mélange diphasique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4062118A1 true EP4062118A1 (fr) | 2022-09-28 |
| EP4062118B1 EP4062118B1 (fr) | 2023-08-09 |
Family
ID=69468898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20804293.7A Active EP4062118B1 (fr) | 2019-11-21 | 2020-11-16 | Echangeur de chaleur avec agencement de dispositifs mélangeurs améliorant la distribution d'un mélange diphasique |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12018887B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4062118B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7708353B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN114829864B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3103543B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021099275A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3415807A1 (de) * | 1984-04-27 | 1985-10-31 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Waermetauscher |
| FR2751059B1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-09-25 | Gaz De France | Procede et installation perfectionnes de refroidissement, en particulier pour la liquefaction de gaz naturel |
| JP2002323295A (ja) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-11-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | プレートフィン型熱交換器 |
| JP3806353B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-10 | 2006-08-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 熱交換器の製造方法 |
| US7163051B2 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2007-01-16 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Heat exchanger distributor for multicomponent heat exchange fluid |
| JP2007192500A (ja) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-08-02 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | 積層型熱交換器 |
| DE102008052875A1 (de) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Linde Ag | Plattenwärmetauscher |
| CN103983138A (zh) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-08-13 | 杭州杭氧股份有限公司 | 一种铝制板翅式换热器大气量两相流均布装置 |
| FR3043451B1 (fr) | 2015-11-10 | 2019-12-20 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Methode pour optimiser la liquefaction de gaz naturel |
| JP6834183B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-10 | 2021-02-24 | 株式会社Ihi | 熱処理装置 |
| FR3053452B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-07-13 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un dispositif de distribution d'un melange liquide/gaz |
| FR3061951B1 (fr) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-06-21 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide refrigerant a l'interieur d'une boite collectrice d'un echangeur thermique. |
| JP6718806B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-07-08 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 流体流通装置 |
| FR3060729A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-22 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Echangeur de chaleur avec dispositif melangeur liquide/gaz a canal isolant thermique |
| FR3060721B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-08-16 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Echangeur de chaleur avec dispositif melangeur liquide/gaz a geometrie de canal amelioree |
| FR3064345B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-24 | 2019-03-29 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Echangeur de chaleur avec dispositif melangeur liquide/gaz a orifices de forme amelioree |
| FR3064346B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-24 | 2019-03-29 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Echangeur de chaleur avec dispositif melangeur liquide/gaz a portion de canal regulatrice |
| JP6623244B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-12-18 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 再液化装置 |
| US11098829B2 (en) | 2018-10-03 | 2021-08-24 | Cantex International, Inc. | Swivel joint |
| JP6908198B2 (ja) | 2018-10-26 | 2021-07-21 | 富士電機株式会社 | 圧力センサ |
-
2019
- 2019-11-21 FR FR1913017A patent/FR3103543B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2020
- 2020-11-16 US US17/778,668 patent/US12018887B2/en active Active
- 2020-11-16 EP EP20804293.7A patent/EP4062118B1/fr active Active
- 2020-11-16 CN CN202080088963.5A patent/CN114829864B/zh active Active
- 2020-11-16 JP JP2022527752A patent/JP7708353B2/ja active Active
- 2020-11-16 WO PCT/EP2020/082300 patent/WO2021099275A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3103543A1 (fr) | 2021-05-28 |
| CN114829864A (zh) | 2022-07-29 |
| WO2021099275A1 (fr) | 2021-05-27 |
| JP2023503815A (ja) | 2023-02-01 |
| FR3103543B1 (fr) | 2021-10-22 |
| JP7708353B2 (ja) | 2025-07-15 |
| EP4062118B1 (fr) | 2023-08-09 |
| US12018887B2 (en) | 2024-06-25 |
| US20230003447A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
| CN114829864B (zh) | 2026-02-10 |
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