EP4060428B1 - Mecanisme d'actionnement pour mouvement horloger, en particulier mecanisme de chronographe comportant un tel mecanisme d'actionnement - Google Patents

Mecanisme d'actionnement pour mouvement horloger, en particulier mecanisme de chronographe comportant un tel mecanisme d'actionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4060428B1
EP4060428B1 EP22161200.5A EP22161200A EP4060428B1 EP 4060428 B1 EP4060428 B1 EP 4060428B1 EP 22161200 A EP22161200 A EP 22161200A EP 4060428 B1 EP4060428 B1 EP 4060428B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chronograph
control
lever
reset
actuating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22161200.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4060428A1 (fr
Inventor
Julien MARTEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manufacture dHorlogerie Audemars Piguet SA
Original Assignee
Manufacture dHorlogerie Audemars Piguet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Publication of EP4060428A1 publication Critical patent/EP4060428A1/fr
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Publication of EP4060428B1 publication Critical patent/EP4060428B1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/10—Means used apart from the time-piece for starting or stopping same
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0804—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with reset mechanisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B27/00—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0804—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with reset mechanisms
    • G04F7/0809—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with reset mechanisms with single hammers, i.e. one hammer acts on each counter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B29/00—Frameworks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B29/00—Frameworks
    • G04B29/04—Connecting or supporting parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B33/00—Calibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0842—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with start-stop control mechanisms
    • G04F7/0847—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with start-stop control mechanisms with column wheel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chronograph mechanism with a flyback function comprising such an actuation mechanism.
  • the present invention also relates to a watch movement provided with such a mechanism as well as a timepiece comprising such a watch movement.
  • this chronograph mechanism comprises a first control intended to be pressed by a user to rotate a column wheel whose columns make it possible to control the positions of several rockers. More precisely, a clutch rocker is controlled by the column wheel to alternately occupy a disengaged position, when no time measurement is in progress, and an engaged position in which a chronograph counter is rotated. The column wheel also controls the position of the reset hammers.
  • the column wheel When the measurement of a time is started, the column wheel raises the reset hammers until a pin secured to the latter is housed in a notch provided in a pivoting control member.
  • the mechanism includes a second, reset, control intended to allow the release of the reset hammers in response to user pressure.
  • this second command When this second command is pressed, it acts on the control member to rotate it until the end of travel where the notch of the control member reaches a position in which it suddenly releases the pin of the reset hammers which can then fall on reset cams, under the effect of the action of a specific spring.
  • the column wheel can occupy three successive angular orientations corresponding to the START, STOP and RESET states of the chronograph mechanism.
  • a main aim of the present invention is to propose an "all or nothing" type actuation mechanism intended to actuate a mechanism of a watch movement, in particular adapted to the implementation of a flyback function in relation to a mechanism. chronograph, and presenting good comfort of use, in particular by offering feedback to the user when he activates the mechanism of the watch movement with which it is associated.
  • the construction of the mechanism according to the invention offers great freedom of design, in particular in the choice of the location of the different components in play, in relation to each other.
  • the user when actuating by pressing on the control, the user must exert a force aimed at simultaneously overcoming the action of three springs, that of the control, that constituted by the deformable portion of the control intended to act on the actuation lever, and that constituted by the jumper of the control member.
  • the elastic properties of these three springs can be adjusted with great flexibility and, in particular, chosen in such a way that the force to be exerted on each of these springs is substantially linear throughout the travel of the control.
  • the user feels an increasing resistance without jerk when operating the control, which is particularly appreciable from the point of view of comfort of use and gives an impression of high quality to the mechanism according to the invention.
  • one or more additional springs are involved depending on the nature of the watch function controlled.
  • the rigid portion of the control carries a retractable pawl intended to cooperate with the control member.
  • the column wheel offers very safe operating precision.
  • the advantages of the actuation mechanism according to the invention are applied to the implementation of a flyback function, in relation to a chronograph mechanism, presenting good ergonomics and great comfort of use.
  • the chronograph mechanism can advantageously comprise a clutch rocker carrying the transmission member and comprising an elastically deformable portion capable of being requested to move the transmission member into its second position in response to a user press on the control.
  • the present invention generally relates to a watch movement comprising an actuation mechanism and/or a chronograph mechanism meeting the characteristics stated above, whether the chronograph mechanism is integrated directly into the movement watchmaker or that it is combined with an existing watch caliber in the form of an additional module to define the watch movement according to the invention, as well as a timepiece comprising such a watch movement.
  • the detailed description which follows attempts to describe a chronograph mechanism with a flyback function comprising an "all or nothing" type actuation mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by way of non-limiting illustrative example. More precisely, according to the embodiment illustrated and described, the chronograph mechanism may be intended to be integrated into a watch movement or, alternatively, it may be combined with an existing watch caliber in the form of an additional module.
  • actuation mechanism in relation to other types of watch mechanisms without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the set of claims.
  • the actuation mechanism according to the present invention it is possible to associate the actuation mechanism according to the present invention with a ringing mechanism.
  • the actuation mechanism would allow loading a spring powering the striking mechanism and activating the striking mechanism only when the spring would be sufficiently loaded.
  • FIG. 1 represents a partial front view of a chronograph mechanism 1 having a flyback function, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the chronograph mechanism 1 can have different known constructions, such as for example being of the shuttle or column wheel type, without any particular impact on the operation of the actuation mechanism according to the invention. Also, the chronograph mechanism 1 will not be fully described in detail.
  • the chronograph mechanism 1 here comprises two minute counters 2 and seconds 4 arranged coaxially, for non-limiting purposes of illustration.
  • Each of the counters 2 and 4 consists of a mobile comprising a shaft 6, 8 (the minute shaft 6 being hollow to define a passage for the seconds shaft 8), as well as a board 10, 12 and a reset cam 14, 16 secured to the corresponding shaft.
  • Each board 10, 12 is toothed to allow the training of the corresponding counter.
  • Each shaft 6, 8 is intended to carry a display member, respectively minutes and seconds.
  • the chronograph mechanism 1 is provided with a first START/STOP 100 command making it possible to start and stop the training of the counters 2 and 4 to measure a time or stop it, via at minus a clutch 102.
  • the chronograph mechanism 1 also comprises a brake 104 arranged on a frame element so as to be able to pivot typically between two positions, a first START rest position in which it is located at a distance from the counter 4, and a second STOP position in which it acts on board 12 to lock counter 4 and allow the reading of a measured time.
  • a jumper 108 can ensure the locking of the minute counter.
  • the mechanism of chronograph 1 comprises a conventional device arranged to act on the brake 104 and control its position as a function of the current state of the chronograph mechanism (START/STOP), here a column wheel 110 which also cooperates with the clutch 102.
  • the chronograph mechanism 1 is also provided with a second reset control 22.
  • the second control 22 is integral with an actuation surface 23, at a first of its ends, the actuation surface being intended to receive pressure exerted by a user on a reset pusher of the timepiece corresponding, to pivot in the direction of rotation counterclockwise on the view of the figure 1 , along the axis of rotation 24.
  • the additional column wheel is pivoted on a frame element (not visible) of the chronograph mechanism 1, or of the corresponding watch movement, and makes it possible to control the state of different components involved in resetting counters 2 and 4 to zero, as will be described below.
  • the second control 22 comprises a main portion 34, central and rigid, from which extend, on either side, two elastic portions 36, 38, one of which 36 defines an elastic return spring of the control 22 towards its rest position, in relation to a fixed tenon 40, and the other 38 is capable of acting on a pin 42 secured to reset hammers 44, to rotate the latter in the direction of clockwise rotation on the view of the figure, as will be explained later.
  • reset hammers 44 are here superimposed, being integral with each other, which is not visible in front view, each of them being associated with one of the reset cams to zero 14, 16.
  • the stroke of the second control 22 is adjusted in such a way that its pawl 26 acts on the additional column wheel to make it turn counterclockwise a little less than one full step.
  • a jumper 46 is arranged on a frame element to cooperate with the teeth 28 of the additional column wheel and complete the current step, after the end of the action of the pawl 26, and to maintain the additional column wheel in its stable resting position, as shown in the figure 1 .
  • the mechanism according to the invention advantageously comprises a rocker 18, pivoted along an axis of rotation 20, and carrying a nose 48 arranged to cooperate with the columns 32 of the additional column wheel and allow the latter to control the angular orientation of the rocker 18, between a rest position in which it leaves the chronograph brake 104 free to move depending on the START or STOP state of the mechanism, and a reset position in which it acts on the brake 104 chronograph to move it away from counter 4, if necessary.
  • the cooperation between the nozzle 48 and the additional column wheel ensures that the brake 104 is moved away from the counter 4 during reset operations, that the chronograph mechanism 1 is in START mode (brake already moved away from the counter ) or STOP (brake on contact with the meter).
  • An elastic return member 112 here made in one piece with an additional rocker 106 involved in resetting the minute counter 2, is provided to act on the rocker 18, to tend to rotate it in the direction of counter-clockwise rotation in the figure view, i.e. so that it moves in the direction of the additional column wheel.
  • the rotation of the rockers 18 and 106 makes it possible in particular to lift an actuation nozzle of the minutes counter 2 during reset operations, this nozzle ensuring the driving of the minutes counter from the seconds counter during the measurement of 'a time.
  • the operating mode of the flip-flop 18 can be used to be able to act on the kinematic link connecting the chronograph counter 4 to a mobile for driving the watch movement, during reset operations.
  • the clutch comprises a transmission member carried by a clutch rocker movable between two positions, one engaged and one disengaged, making it possible to ensure the establishment of such a kinematic connection or to interrupt it depending on the START or operating mode STOP the chronograph mechanism.
  • the rocker 18 is also arranged to move the transmission member away from the chronograph counter 4 when the chronograph brake 104 is moved away from the counter 4 to reset the latter to zero.
  • the transmission member 114 could in particular be provided, in an original manner, for the transmission member 114 to be connected to the clutch rocker 116 via an elastically deformable connecting member 118, which would thus be deformed under the effect of the action of the rocker 18. Thanks to this construction, the transmission member 114 can be moved away from the seconds counter, by elastic deformation of the connecting member 118, even when the chronograph mechanism is in its START operating mode. Thus, it is not necessary to modify the orientation of the clutch rocker 116 when resetting, as is the case in conventional constructions.
  • the reset hammers 44 are integral with a nozzle 50 arranged to cooperate with the columns 32 of the additional column wheel and control the angular orientation of the reset hammers 44, between their neutral or rest position, as illustrated on the figure 1 , and their active position (as shown in the figure 2e ).
  • FIG. 2a illustrates the configuration of the actuation mechanism according to the invention independently of the START or STOP operating mode of the chronograph mechanism 1.
  • the reset control 22 is not in contact with the additional column wheel, the angular orientation of which is kept fixed by its jumper 46.
  • the rocker 18 is arranged so as to allow disengagement, or isolation, of all the chronograph counters. It always cooperates with the additional rocker 106 which is preloaded under the effect of the action of the elastic return member 112. When the rocker 18 is actuated, it cooperates with the rocker 106 to isolate the minute counter 2 and be able to allow it to be reset to zero, the latter then only being subject to the action of its jumper 108.
  • the column wheel 110 raises the brake 104 of the seconds counter 4, and the rocker 18 therefore does not come into contact with the brake 104 when actuated .
  • the rocker 18 acts on the transmission member 114 to raise it from the seconds counter 4.
  • the column wheel 110 acts on the clutch 102 of such that the transmission member 114 is raised from the seconds counter 4. In this case, when it is actuated, the rocker 18 does not act on the transmission member 114 but it does however act on the brake 104 to lift it from the seconds counter 4.
  • the nose 50 of the reset hammers 44 is held outside the outer perimeter defined by the columns 32 of the additional column wheel by the control 22, thus maintaining the reset hammers at a distance from the reset cams. zero 14, 16.
  • the additional column wheel also begins to rotate, as illustrated in the figure 2c .
  • the nozzle 50 of the reset hammers 44 is still resting against the same column 32 but is about to find itself facing a hollow between this column and the next.
  • the elastic portions 36 and 38 of the control 22 have meanwhile accumulated substantially a maximum of mechanical energy by deforming, the control 22 being almost at the end of its travel.
  • the elastic portion 38 loaded to the maximum can then release its mechanical energy by pivoting the reset hammers 44 in the direction of clockwise rotation in the view of the figure 2e , until they come into contact with the reset cams 14, 16, which in turn rotate to take a predefined angular orientation, associated with a positioning at 0 of the seconds and minutes display members of timed times, in a conventional manner.
  • the actuation mechanism remains in the state of the figure 2e , the measurement of a time being suspended with the timed time display elements positioned at 0.
  • the control 22 By rotating in the direction of clockwise rotation, the control 22 comes into contact with the pin 42 of the reset hammers 44 with its rigid central portion 34, at the same time allowing the elastic portion 38 to relax.
  • the elastic portion 36 has elastic properties such as its action on the control 22, aiming to make it rotate in the direction of clockwise rotation in the view of the figure 2f , also allows the reset hammers 44 to be lifted to bring them back to their rest position.
  • the control 22 acts on the reset hammers 44 to the point that their beak 50 emerges from the hollow between two columns 32 in which it was located, and thus releases the additional column wheel which can complete the step started under the effect of the action of the pawl 26, and take a new stable position, as shown in the figure 2a , under the effect of the driving action of its jumper 46.
  • the chronograph mechanism therefore returns to its configuration dictated by the orientation of the column wheel 110, c that is to say that the brake 104 falls on the wheel 12 of the seconds counter 4 if the chronograph mechanism is in its STOP operating mode, or that the transmission member 114 falls to mesh with the wheel 12 if the Chronograph mechanism is in its START operating mode.
  • the pawl 26 of the control 22 retracts to move from the configuration illustrated on the figure 2f to that of the figure 2a .
  • the actuation mechanism when the user releases the control 22, the actuation mechanism according to the invention returns to the configuration illustrated on the figure 2f to that illustrated on the figure 2a , and the measurement of a time starts again from 0 if the reset carried out was an in-flight reset, that is to say if the chronograph mechanism was in START operating mode. Otherwise, if the chronograph mechanism was in STOP operating mode, all chronograph counters remain at zero.
  • THE figures 3a to 3h represent two by two front views, respectively of a first side and the opposite side, of an actuation mechanism according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in four successive operating phases.
  • this actuation mechanism is similar to that which has just been presented in relation to the figures 2a to 2f , its components being only slightly modified with reference to the preceding description.
  • the same numerical references are used on the figures 3a to 3h to identify the components described above, in order to facilitate understanding.
  • THE figures 3a and 3b illustrate the configuration of the actuation mechanism independently of the START or STOP operating mode of the chronograph mechanism 1.
  • the reset control 22 is not in contact with the additional column wheel, the angular orientation of which is kept fixed by its jumper 46.
  • the nose 48 of the rocker 18 is located in a hollow between two columns 32 of the additional column wheel.
  • the nose 50 of the reset hammers 44 is held outside the outer perimeter defined by the columns 32 of the additional column wheel by the control 22, thus maintaining the reset hammers at a distance from the reset cams. zero 14, 16.
  • control 22 turns the additional column wheel on itself, which is particularly visible on the figure 3c , from which appears the movement traveled by the column 32 on which the nozzle 50 of the reset hammers 44 rests from the rest configuration illustrated on the figure 3a .
  • the jumper 46 has not yet fully released the stored energy but the additional column wheel can no longer rotate any further due to the fact that the nozzle 50 is on the trajectory of one of its columns 32.
  • control 22 When the control 22 is released, it can pivot towards its rest position, in the direction of clockwise rotation in the view of the figure 3g , under the effect of the release of the energy stored by its elastic portion 36, and act on the reset hammers 44 to return them to their high position, as already described in relation to the first alternative embodiment. In doing so, the nozzle 50 is extracted from its low position and releases the additional column wheel which can then resume its first state under the effect of the residual driving action of its jumper 46, as visible on the figure 3h .
  • the actuation mechanism then returns to its initial configuration, as illustrated on the figures 3a and 3b .
  • the driving force allowing here to lift the rocker 18 is no longer directly that provided by the user via the command 22, but comes from the jumper 46 (previously loaded by the user via the command 22).
  • the user acts simultaneously on four springs, namely the two elastic portions 36, 38 of the control 22, the jumper 46 and the elastic return member 112 of the rocker 18, while in the context of the second alternative embodiment, illustrated on the figures 3a to 3h , the user only acts on three springs, part of the energy supplied to the jumper 46 being indirectly used, in a second step, to neutralize the action of the elastic return member 112 of the rocker 18.
  • edges of the nozzle 50 are slightly rounded in the context of the second alternative embodiment illustrated on the figures 3a to 3h .
  • the corresponding roundings and the slope of the nose 48 of the rocker 18 allow to accompany the rocker 18, and consequently, the brake 104 or the transmission member 114, when the user releases the reset button, to make them “trailing" and no longer instantaneous as is the case in the first variant of realization of the figures 2a to 2f .
  • the "all or nothing" type actuation mechanism comprises a control acting on a column wheel and on hammers of resetting a chronograph mechanism to zero
  • the control acts on an organ control of a nature other than a column wheel and on an actuating lever other than one or more reset hammers.
  • the actuation mechanism according to the invention can be integrated into a striking mechanism of a watch movement, the control then being arranged to load a striking spring and to activate the mechanism. ringing in response to pressure from a user allowing the control to be moved to the end of its travel.
  • the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the exact geometry of the different components of the mechanism as it has been illustrated and described. In fact, those skilled in the art will not encounter no particular difficulty in adapting the present teaching to the implementation of an actuation mechanism meeting the characteristics of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, in which the components would have shapes and locations different from those described and illustrated . Thus, for example, one could provide a single chronograph counter or two non-coaxial chronograph counters, the elastic portions 36, 38 could be replaced by springs distinct from the control 22.
  • the transmission member 114 and the brake 104 are controlled by the fall of the hammers, as is the case in a conventional chronograph mechanism, but this would however require increasing the angular travel of the hammers to be able to disengage the mechanism before acting on the cams. reset.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
EP22161200.5A 2021-03-18 2022-03-09 Mecanisme d'actionnement pour mouvement horloger, en particulier mecanisme de chronographe comportant un tel mecanisme d'actionnement Active EP4060428B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00288/21A CH718458A9 (fr) 2021-03-18 2021-03-18 Mécanisme d'actionnement pour mouvement horloger, en particulier mécanisme de chronographe comportant un tel mécanisme d'actionnement.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4060428A1 EP4060428A1 (fr) 2022-09-21
EP4060428B1 true EP4060428B1 (fr) 2023-09-27

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EP22161200.5A Active EP4060428B1 (fr) 2021-03-18 2022-03-09 Mecanisme d'actionnement pour mouvement horloger, en particulier mecanisme de chronographe comportant un tel mecanisme d'actionnement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11860583B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP4060428B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2022145561A (zh)
CN (1) CN115113510A (zh)
CH (1) CH718458A9 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4451067A1 (fr) * 2023-04-19 2024-10-23 Blancpain SA Mecanisme de chronographe comportant un dispositif de maintien en position, notamment en position de reference, d'un afficheur de compteur de chronographe pour mouvement d'horlogerie

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5238740B2 (zh) * 1972-08-03 1977-09-30
JP3568763B2 (ja) * 1997-12-22 2004-09-22 セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 発停レバー及びクロノグラフ受を備えたクロノグラフ時計
EP1746471B1 (fr) * 2005-07-20 2019-09-18 Breitling AG Dispositif de remise à zéro de deux compteurs de temps
CH698827B1 (fr) * 2006-08-15 2009-11-13 Chopard Manufacture Sa Dispositif de remise à zéro pour une pièce d'horlogerie.
CH704304B1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2012-06-29 Frank Mueller Watchland S A Mécanisme de chronographe, mouvement horloger et pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un tel mécanisme.
CH708999A1 (fr) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-30 Société Anonyme De La Manufacture D Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Dispositif de remise à zéro avec marteaux indépendants.
EP3876042B1 (fr) * 2020-03-05 2023-12-06 Montres Breguet S.A. Systeme de remise a zero d'un chronographe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115113510A (zh) 2022-09-27
EP4060428A1 (fr) 2022-09-21
CH718458A1 (fr) 2022-09-30
JP2022145561A (ja) 2022-10-04
US11860583B2 (en) 2024-01-02
US20220299945A1 (en) 2022-09-22
CH718458A9 (fr) 2022-11-30

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