EP4059074A1 - Energy production and/or storage device comprising a reservoir - Google Patents
Energy production and/or storage device comprising a reservoirInfo
- Publication number
- EP4059074A1 EP4059074A1 EP20804281.2A EP20804281A EP4059074A1 EP 4059074 A1 EP4059074 A1 EP 4059074A1 EP 20804281 A EP20804281 A EP 20804281A EP 4059074 A1 EP4059074 A1 EP 4059074A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reservoir
- electrical energy
- production
- storage
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
- A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
- A61B5/4343—Pregnancy and labour monitoring, e.g. for labour onset detection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/0012—Ovulation-period determination
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9008—Organic or organo-metallic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0266—Operational features for monitoring or limiting apparatus function
- A61B2560/028—Arrangements to prevent overuse, e.g. by counting the number of uses
- A61B2560/0285—Apparatus for single use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/30—Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for producing or storing electrical energy, allowing activation controlled by the user, as well as its manufacture and use.
- This device can in particular allow the activation and / or control of fuel cells.
- Fuel cells operate by transporting ions, usually protons, between two electrodes.
- a medium placed between the anode and the cathode must be able to conduct the hydroxonium ions (H30 + ), also denoted in a simplified version H + , but not the electrons.
- This electrolyte in fuel cells comprises a proton exchange membrane, such as in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells or Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and an aqueous liquid allowing ionic displacement.
- PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
- Technological advances have made it possible to develop dihydrogen-dioxygen batteries or enzymatic batteries, in particular glucose-dioxygen enzyme batteries, which are environmentally friendly (cf.
- WO2018 / 185417 on behalf of the CNRS.
- Such cells are compact and can work at low temperature (less than 80 ° C.), optionally with a polymer electrolyte (PEMFC) or an aqueous electrolyte (aqueous solutions, biological fluids). They can be used not only in stationary mode but also in portable mode. These batteries may therefore be suitable for generating low currents and for domestic and / or individual uses.
- PEMFC polymer electrolyte
- aqueous electrolyte aqueous solutions, biological fluids.
- These batteries may therefore be suitable for generating low currents and for domestic and / or individual uses.
- the activation and / or control, or even the deactivation, of such devices remain problematic. To date, the control is carried out by interrupting the electrical circuit.
- the contact of the elements of the cell can degrade these elements, in particular when they contain biological materials (vegetable matter, enzymes ).
- the liquid necessary for the operation of the cell is advantageously added to the membrane at the very moment of its first operation. This is generally carried out by an external addition of liquid to the membrane of the device, in particular by pipette, as described in the patent application US2011287328A1 in the name of Sony, or by the use of a bottle as described in the patent application US2010 / 0297477, on behalf of POWER KNOWLEDGE LTD.
- the problems associated with such devices are also numerous: First of all, the user must have access to a source of liquid (aqueous) having sufficient purity and quality for the required use and the correct functioning of the battery. It must also be able to quantify the volume to be added. This requires the provision of a separate measuring device such as a disposable pipette, or pod, which increases the costs and environmental impact of the device. In addition, the device must include a means for introducing the liquid onto the membrane. The fact that the membrane can be accessible from the outside involves in particular additional contamination problems. Finally, batteries of this type are difficult to store because they can be sensitive to the humidity level of their environment.
- An object of the invention is therefore a device for producing and / or storing electrical energy, in particular electrochemical, characterized in that it comprises:
- a separator such as a diffusion layer, allowing the transfer of at least one compound capable of triggering and / or allowing production and / or storage of electrical energy, arranged between the anode and the cathode, and
- the reservoir in English "storage tank", like any reservoir, defines a place distinct from that of the production and / or storage of energy where the contents of the reservoir are used. It can be adjacent, or even overlapping, but does not define a strictly identical place. In other words, the reservoir and the electrochemical cell are distinct and preferably separate elements. This reservoir can advantageously make it possible to separate the contents of the reservoir from the anode and the cathode, in whole or in part.
- the reservoir and its contents therefore participate in the transition from an inactive to active state of the device.
- the deformation of the reservoir and the release of its contents make it possible to create an ability to activate the device.
- the deformation of the reservoir can therefore allow either to directly trigger the production or storage of energy, or to create an intermediate activation state of the device.
- the device can furthermore comprise one or more activation means, the configuration of which is chosen to allow either the activation, or the increase, or the decrease, or the stopping (or the deactivation) of the. energy production and / or storage.
- the device can also comprise a switch which can be advantageously manipulated by the user.
- a switch may for example comprise a circuit breaker such as a removable tab.
- This switch can then be manipulated by the user before or after bringing the compound capable of triggering production or storage of electrical energy and the separator into contact.
- the activation can be direct or be carried out in several stages. Activation can be carried out, for example, firstly by pressing on the reservoir (and possibly the release of fluids within the reservoir) then by removing a circuit breaker tab by the user.
- the activation of the device by the user in particular sequentially in several steps or in just one, is also an object of the invention.
- the anode and / or the cathode comprises an enzyme.
- the reservoir is breakable, pierceable and / or deformable in whole or in part.
- it can comprise a part which can be destroyed under the action of a user it can comprise a container, for example in the form of a shell (advantageously deformable and / or flexible) having an opening and retention means closing off the opening of the hull or the container.
- This shell for example an optionally semi-spherical dome, therefore forms a cavity containing the compound and comprises an opening.
- the retention means is advantageously a layer, or film, of separation closing off the opening of the shell, or of the container, and forming therewith a closed and preferably impermeable receptacle.
- This type of reservoir is also known by its English name of “blister pack”, or “blister”. It can be characterized by the fact that the opening area is proportionately large, for example 25 to 45%, relative to the total area of the tank.
- the retention means make it possible to retain the compound inside the reservoir and in particular to separate them, at least in part from the anode and the cathode.
- the choice of the material (s) used to form the shell and the separation layer depends on several factors. For example, and if it is intended to accommodate a liquid, a semi-liquid, a gel or substances that can migrate, a Laminate material comprising a layer of a resistant material is placed. It is also possible to choose materials which are inert [3] with respect to the material stored in the tank or materials which absorb water vapor, oxygen (or both) to control the atmosphere at hand. inside the tank and thus preserve the product contained (increased stability over time) [4] It is also possible to choose one or more materials with the lowest environmental impact [2]
- the material is generally a thermoformed material [1] and can be chosen from the group of materials consisting of:
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- ACLAR TM ACLAR TM
- PE polyethylene
- HSL Hot Sealing Lacquer
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate modified with glycol
- PET polyethylene terephthalate modified with glycol
- the reservoir may also include laminates, and in particular laminated sheets, of these materials.
- These components have beneficial chemical and / or moisture resistance characteristics.
- PCTFE, PVDC coated PVC or polypropylene is particularly suitable for the tank, and in particular the shell, due to its ability to act as a barrier to air and moisture.
- materials combining a laminated sheet of aluminum and HSL or, of aluminum and VMCH, are also preferred, in particular for providing the means of retention and / or separation.
- a material based on cellulose fibers (such as paper or cardboard) is an advantageous alternative to these materials from an environmental point of view and which can be considered. This material can in particular be combined with films, such as plastic films and in particular a film in one of the aforementioned thermoformed materials.
- the size of the reservoir can be determined by the amount of compound (eg liquid) to be released.
- liquid includes not only a compound or a composition but extends to semi-liquids (for example a compound or a viscous composition) as well as to gels.
- the compound capable of triggering the production, and / or storage, of electrical energy contained in the reservoir may be a liquid, a solid or a gel, preferably it is an aqueous liquid, that is to say mainly water-based, or even simply water (which can be of different degrees of purity: distilled water, pure water, tap water, etc.).
- the compound may be a composition comprising at least one compound capable of triggering the production, and / or storage, of electrical energy and may include or consist of an electrolyte (phosphate buffer containing sodium or ammonium sulfate, an enzyme (for example glucose oxidase and / or FAD dehydrogenase for the anode and laccase and / or Bilirubin oxidase for the cathode,), an electronic exchange mediator (for example ABTS, 1,2 or 1, 4 naphthoquinone, phenanthrolinequinone or pyrene and one of its derivatives), a cofactor (for example a coenzyme of the NAD7NADP + or flavin type, such as FAD (Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide), or FMN (Flavine mononucleotide), a promoter (e.g.
- an electrolyte phosphate buffer containing sodium or ammonium sulfate
- an enzyme for example glucose oxida
- protoporphyrin IX of a substrate (e.g. glucose) and / or an enzymatically oriented molecule, i.e. an enzyme or a molecule capable of acting on a parasitic or toxic substance (eg catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide does not produce the enzyme glucose oxidase).
- a substrate e.g. glucose
- an enzymatically oriented molecule i.e. an enzyme or a molecule capable of acting on a parasitic or toxic substance (eg catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide does not produce the enzyme glucose oxidase).
- the means for contacting the compound (e.g. a liquid) and the separator may include the selection of the material which allows a rupture, preferably a rupture provided at a particular point or a particular area of the reservoir, due to the application. by the user with sufficient pressure on part of the tank. This is the case with blisters for medicinal tablets where the application of pressure on the shell of the blister pack, and its deformation, causes the rupture of the film closing the receptacle, which is less resistant, and the making available of the seal [ cf. 5-9].
- This arrangement may well be suitable for the device according to the invention, the liquids being incompressible.
- the means making it possible to bring the compound and the diffusion layer into fluid contact can comprise piercing means, optionally comprising at least one element having a cutting or pointed end.
- these piercing means can, for example, take the form of needles, blades, protuberance or points.
- These means are arranged opposite the surface to be drilled but can be placed inside the tank or outside it.
- the drilling means are advantageously arranged so as to be actuated by pressure exerted by the user on the outer surface of the shell.
- Said means making it possible to bring said compound into contact with the diffusion layer favorably comprise a duct towards, and / or a projection of the separator, said projection, or said duct, being preferably configured to come into contact with a part of the reservoir, and preferably, when the reservoir is in the form of a blister pack, directly in contact with the retention means.
- the means of bringing the compound into contact with the separator can be the simple juxtaposition and / or direct contact of at least part of the separator with the reservoir and more particularly with a rupture zone thereof, when she exists.
- the separator is advantageously configured to include a part extending beyond the electrodes (that is to say the anode and the cathode) and coming to be positioned opposite the rupture zone (provided) of the tank.
- the separator can be a diffusion or migration layer. It can be a simple space between the anode and the cathode, a space intended to be filled with a compound capable of triggering the production and / or storage of electrical energy. It can also be integrated or separate from the surface of one or more electrodes.
- the separator comprises, or is essentially constituted by, a material suitable for an electrolyte support function. This material includes woven or non-woven fibers (cotton, nylon, polyesters, glass), ceramics and natural substances (rubber, asbestos, wood).
- porous membrane more particularly made of cellulose fiber, such as a sheet of paper and in particular porous paper of the blotter or filter type.
- the basis weight of this paper can be advantageously chosen in the range going from 10 to 300 gm 2 , preferably from 50 to 150 gm 2 .
- the thickness of the separator is generally small but it must be adapted to the desired use. Thus a thickness of 2mm to 10 ⁇ m, in particular 1mm to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 300 to 150 ⁇ m (eg 190 ⁇ m) can be used. Thus, a 97 gm 2 grammage paper which constitutes the separator, is sandwiched between the two electrodes.
- the separator can include a single or multiple layers / sheets of material.
- the reservoir of the device can comprise one or more compartments. As will be described below, these compartments can comprise identical contents or different from each other. However, it is particularly advantageous to use this configuration to make it possible to release individual doses of compounds or to prepare a composition comprising a mixture of components which are unstable over time.
- the device comprises at least one other reservoir, this other reservoir comprising said compound capable of triggering production and / or storage of electrical energy or another compound capable, or not, of trigger the production and / or storage of electrical energy.
- these reservoirs can include identical or different contents and be of identical or different dimensions depending on the desired purpose. When the content is the same, this other reservoir can be used as a refill for the device.
- These reservoirs can be arranged one after the other, or be positioned on either side of the anode and cathode.
- the device can comprise more than one reservoir, or of a compartment, the contents and the configuration of which are chosen to allow either the activation, or the increase, or the decrease, or stopping (or deactivating) the production and / or storage of electrical energy.
- Such devices are described in detail below.
- a device as described in the present application comprising means for increasing, decreasing, deactivating and / or reactivating the production and / or storage of electrical energy.
- the anode and the cathode of the device according to the invention are electrodes suitable for use as fuel cells.
- the device according to the invention may also comprise a series of anodes and cathodes in a stack or "stack".
- the anode and the cathode can be made of metal with, for example, a silver cathode and a chromium-plated nickel anode.
- the anode and the cathode are of a type suitable for biofuel cells and / or enzyme cells.
- These bioelectrodes can comprise a support consisting of, or on the surface of which are deposited, carbon nanotubes, a redox mediator and an enzyme.
- Electrodes can be multilayer and advantageously comprise: a carbonaceous layer having a high specific active surface, such as a layer of carbon nanotubes, carbon black, carbon black, or carbon in the form of aggregates or gel, carbon-based materials with high specific surfaces such as carbon nanotubes or carbonaceous mesoporous matrices, in particular those obtained from magnesium oxide MgO (cf. Inagaki et al. “Templated mesoporous carbons: Synthesis and applications” Carbon 107 (2016) 448-473) are preferred a mediator and / or orientator layer; and / or an enzyme layer capable of catalyzing the oxidation or reduction reactions of the fuel.
- a carbonaceous layer having a high specific active surface such as a layer of carbon nanotubes, carbon black, carbon black, or carbon in the form of aggregates or gel
- carbon-based materials with high specific surfaces such as carbon nanotubes or carbonaceous mesoporous matrices, in particular those obtained from magnesium oxide MgO (c
- the layers can be deposited successively on an electrically conductive material, which can constitute the support for these layers or be itself deposited on an inert support.
- the conductive material can be glassy carbon, pyrolytic graphite, in particular "Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite" (HOPG) of gold, platinum and / or indium tin oxide.
- HOPG Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite
- the material consists of glassy carbon or pyrolytic graphite.
- the bioelectrodes can comprise a sheet of carbon nanotubes functionalized with an enzyme, and preferably a mediator.
- the enzyme capable of catalyzing the oxidation of glucose at the anode is preferably a Glucose DeHydrogenase (GDH) catalyzing the reaction:
- the acceptor, or co-factor is usually an NAD + / NADP + or flavin-like coenzyme, such as FAD (Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide), or FMN (Flavine mononucleotide) which is linked to GDH.
- FAD Fluorine Adenine Dinucleotide
- FMN Fevine mononucleotide
- a particularly preferred glucose dehydrogenase is Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide - Glucose Dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) (EC 1.1.5.9).
- FAD-GDH Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide - Glucose Dehydrogenase
- FAD-GDH extends to native proteins and their derivatives, mutants and / or functional equivalents. This term extends in particular to proteins which do not differ substantially in structure and / or enzymatic activity.
- an enzymatic GDH protein exhibiting an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, preferably 95%, and even more preferably 99% identity with the one (s).
- GDH sequences as listed in databases (eg SWISS PROT).
- An FAD-GDH of aspergillus sp. is particularly preferred and effective, but other FAD-GDHs from Glomerella cingulata (GcGDH), or a recombinant form expressed in Pichia pastoris (rGcGDH), could also be used.
- the enzyme or enzymes which can be used can be chosen from the group consisting of the enzyme laccase, advantageously associated with the mediator ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) or a mediator / “Orientator” such as pyrene, naphthalene, anthracene or anthraquinone, or else bilirubin oxidase associated with the protoporphyrin IX promoter or ABTS mediator (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid).
- the device according to the invention advantageously comprises an element, or electrical circuit, connected to an electrical consumer which allows the flow of an electrical current.
- this circuit can include a switch.
- the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for biofuel cells and / or associated electrodes, the device is in no way limited to this embodiment.
- the device is portable and preferably integral.
- An integral device is a device which contains itself and which advantageously does not include removable parts.
- the device advantageously comprises a housing, or a "casing", which can protect the anode and the cathode while allowing the user access to the deformable part of the reservoir.
- the device is an autonomous device, isolated and / or independent of an external input other than gas. In particular, it does not require the addition of liquid and / or fuel
- Another object of the invention is a method of manufacturing the device according to the invention.
- This method comprises the steps of connecting the elements of the device as described in a functional manner.
- this method comprises the provision (i) of at least one compound capable of triggering production or storage of electrical energy between the anode and the cathode, and (ii) a reservoir of a liquid capable of triggering production. or an electrical energy storage, a means allowing the opening of the reservoir; and means for contacting the liquid with the separator.
- Another object of the invention is a device incorporating the device according to the invention as a current generator.
- a medical test (measurement or diagnostic) carried out by an individual on himself or on a patient at the place of treatment or nearby, that is to say tell when and where to care (also known as Point-Of-Care Testing, or POCT).
- POCT Point-Of-Care Testing
- a test can be an ovulation and / or pregnancy test.
- the device can also be a non-medical test and include an electronic device or packaging that can incorporate a container of the liquid into its design to activate energy production.
- Another object of the invention is the use of a device according to the invention for the production of electrical energy and advantageously in the manufacture of an electrical or electronic device as described in the previous paragraph.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of the various steps illustrating the operating principle of an electrical energy production device according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2a is a schematic sectional view of a reservoir comprising means for releasing the solution according to a first variant
- Figure 2b is a schematic sectional view of a reservoir comprising means for releasing the solution according to a second variant
- Figure 2c is a schematic sectional view of a reservoir comprising means for releasing the solution according to a third variant
- Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a tank with several compartments according to a first variant
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an electrical energy production device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an electrical energy production device according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a device for producing electrical energy according to a fourth embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8a is a schematic representation of a combination of two reservoirs which can be used in an electrical energy production device according to the invention
- Figure 8b is a schematic representation of a combination of two reservoirs that can be used in an electrical energy production device according to the invention
- Figure 8c is a schematic representation of a combination of three reservoirs that can be used in an electrical power generation device according to the invention.
- Figure 9 is a first exploded perspective view and front and bottom view of an electric power generating device according to the invention of Example 1,
- Fig. 11 is a curve illustrating the power production of the electric power generation device of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrating an electrical energy production device according to the invention. We will first describe different variants of this device before describing the process for implementing and producing energy.
- the device for producing electrical energy 2 comprises an anode 4 and a cathode 6.
- the anode 4 and the cathode 6 are formed of materials allowing the ion exchange.
- the anode and the cathode must have specific properties (thickness, conductivity, surface resistance), chosen according to the application. These elements can be impregnated with enzymes and mediators.
- the anode 4 and the cathode 6 comprise sheets of nanotubes, and in particular sheets composed of multi-sheet carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as described above.
- the nanotube sheet is impregnated with mediators and enzymes allowing the oxidation of glucose at the anode and the reduction of oxygen from air to water at the anode.
- the anode 4 can comprise the enzyme glucose oxidase and / or FAD dehydrogenase for the oxidation of glucose as well as naphthoquinone and / or phenathrolinequinone as a redox mediator transferring electrons to the electrode.
- the cathode in turn may include the enzyme laccase, bilirubin oxidase and ABTS as a mediator.
- the transfer can be done by what will be called a diffusion layer.
- the diffusion layer 8 can, for example, be a single space or more advantageously comprise, or be made of a paper-like material in which the solution initiating the redox can diffuse by capillary action. A compromise must be made between its thickness and its alveolar capacity (volume of voids).
- the device for producing electrical energy in FIG. 1 also comprises at least one preferably deformable reservoir 10.
- the term “reservoir” is understood to mean a means for retaining at least one liquid (including a semi-liquid or a gel), allowing once released, by soaking the diffusion layer 8, the ion exchange between the anode 4 and cathode 6 and power generation.
- the diffusion layer 8 is positioned between the anode and the cathode and may include a portion (for example a tab) projecting outwardly. All or part is in contact with the fluid, with a retention means 14, which may be formed of a separating layer, closing off the reservoir 10. The fluid contact may or may not be direct.
- the reservoir 10 comprises a shell 12 forming a cavity in which the liquid is enclosed and a separating layer closing off the opening of the shell 12.
- This device is also known by its English name of “blister pack”.
- the shell 12 is advantageously deformable. It can be made from a material chosen from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a material formed by fluorinated-chlorinated resins, polymeric cycloolefins (COP), copolymeric cycloolefins (COC), polyethylene (PE), oriented polyamides (OPA), raluminium (Al), raluminium in combination with heat-sealable lacquer ("Hot-Sealing
- the liquid retained inside the reservoir 10 can for example be an aqueous solution of glucose interacting with the enzymes mentioned above to allow the exchange of protons between the cathode 6 and the anode 4.
- the advantage of this device is that no exogenous supply except oxygen is necessary to operate the device for the production of electrical energy 2.
- the liquid is enclosed in the reservoir 10.
- the isolation of the liquid prevents contamination between the electric power generation device 2 and the environment of the latter.
- the retention means 14 closing off the opening of the shell 12 keeps the liquid in the ampoule. It can be produced in one or more of the materials mentioned above. It may for example be a composite film composed of a layer of aluminum (potentially covered with a protective layer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) and a sealing layer (for example made of polypropylene or polyethylene).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the retention means 14 is capable of breaking under pressure in order to release the contents of the reservoir 10. In order to be able to do this, several options can be implemented:
- piercing means 18 in the retention means 14.
- the latter which may take the form of needles or spikes, can be arranged inside the reservoir 10 or outside. of the latter.
- Figure 2c illustrates a piercing means 18 disposed within the chamber of the bulb 10 (the number may also vary).
- Figure 2b illustrates the case in which three drilling means 18 (their number may vary) placed opposite or in the seal outside the chamber of the bulb 10.
- An external pressure exerted on the shell 12 allows the latter to deform in order to release the contents of the reservoir 10.
- This pressure can be exerted by a user or by automated, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure means.
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates a first variant of a tank 110 with two compartments 112 and 113 and Figure 4 a second variant of a tank 210 with three compartments 212, 213 and 216.
- the various compartments can comprise in particular a solvent (for example water), electrolytes, enzymes, mediators, cofactors, a substrate (eg glucose) or molecules of enzymatic orientation.
- the retention means 14 may be, or include, a seal 16.
- the reservoir comprises two distinct spaces, each comprising several compartments.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a first variant of the device according to the invention in which two reservoirs 10a and 10b are used. Again, these can be the types of tanks described above.
- the reservoir 10a comprises a seal 16 capable of being ruptured and liquid 28.
- the reservoir 10b is located on the other side of the stack and comprises piercing means located outside the chamber of the reservoir 10b and allowing the seal to be pierced. 16.
- the reservoir 10b does not include liquid 28.
- the diffusion means 8 extends from a reservoir 10a to the reservoir 10b and is in contact with both.
- Steps 5A to 5C correspond to steps 1 A to 1 D described above with release of a liquid 28 in diffusion layer 8 and production of electricity according to a re-activatable regime.
- the electric power generation device 2 can be activated by exerting pressure on the reservoir 10A which breaks a seal 16 (as previously described).
- a reservoir 10 made by reusing a drug packaging was filled with approximately 250 ⁇ L of a glucose solution at a concentration of 150 mM in a solution.
- 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline Phosphate Buffered Saline, PBS, in English. It was then covered with a polyethylene film (Brand PARAFILM M) which is a plastic paraffin film on paper produced by the company Bemis North America, a company located in Neenah, Wisconsin (United States). It is a thermoplastic material (therefore it cannot be used in an autoclave), ductile, malleable, waterproof, odorless, cohesive and translucent. Reservoir 10 is then sealed with an adhesive strip to prevent any unwanted leakage of the glucose solution.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 After the electrodes 4 and 6 have dried, the device for producing electrical energy illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is assembled as follows: A sheet of blotting paper of the Whatman filter paper type and of dimensions according to the configuration of the biopile with a thickness of 190 ⁇ m and a basis weight of 97 gm 2 which constitutes the diffusion layer 8, is sandwiched between the two electrodes 4 and 6. This layer of blotting paper comprises a projection 5. A sheet of GDL type graphite ( Gas Diffusion Layer) constituting a conductive layer 20 is positioned on the face of the anode 4 which is not that in contact with the diffusion layer 8.
- GDL type graphite Gas Diffusion Layer
- a conductive and gas diffusion layer 22 also made of a graphite sheet is placed in contact with the cathode 6 (on the opposite side of the face of the cathode 6 in contact with the diffusion layer 8).
- the latter allows the supply of oxygen to the cathode 6.
- It also constitutes a conductive layer.
- the gas is diffused by a hollow path allowing the gas to pass.
- the gas diffusion layer 22 and the cathode 6 are dimensioned and arranged so as to place the retention means 14 of the reservoir 10 directly opposite the diffusion layer 8 in order to allow the diffusion of the gas. content of the reservoir 10 in the diffusion layer 8, when the retention means 14 is pierced.
- drilling means 20 conductive layer
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1912792A FR3103325B1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Device for producing energy comprising a reservoir |
PCT/EP2020/082150 WO2021094593A1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-11-13 | Energy production and/or storage device comprising a reservoir |
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EP4059074A1 true EP4059074A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
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EP20804281.2A Pending EP4059074A1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-11-13 | Energy production and/or storage device comprising a reservoir |
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US (1) | US20220386940A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4059074A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2023508634A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20220100628A (en) |
CA (1) | CA3159086A1 (en) |
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EP4275593A1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-11-15 | Wellspect AB | Disposable medical device assembly with sensor |
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GB0720203D0 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2007-11-28 | Goryanin Irina | Microbial fuel cell cathode assembly |
AU2010210550C1 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2016-06-09 | Northwestern University | Burstable liquid packaging and uses thereof |
JP2011243398A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2011-12-01 | Sony Corp | Flexible fuel cel |
JP2014502236A (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2014-01-30 | ベーリンガー インゲルハイム マイクロパーツ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Liquid packaging material, its use and method of supplying liquid to a fluidic assembly |
US9598722B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2017-03-21 | Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. | Cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system |
DE102015205906B4 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2024-05-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Storage unit, method for producing a storage unit and method for releasing a fluid stored in a storage unit |
EP3135602A1 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-01 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Blister pack |
FR3064821B1 (en) * | 2017-04-04 | 2021-08-06 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | BIOCOMBUSTIBLE BATTERY |
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2019
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2020
- 2020-11-13 US US17/776,842 patent/US20220386940A1/en active Pending
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WO2021094593A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
FR3103325A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 |
FR3103325B1 (en) | 2022-04-08 |
KR20220100628A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
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