EP4056944B1 - Parametric ignition of eed by means of a pwm controller - Google Patents
Parametric ignition of eed by means of a pwm controller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4056944B1 EP4056944B1 EP22160277.4A EP22160277A EP4056944B1 EP 4056944 B1 EP4056944 B1 EP 4056944B1 EP 22160277 A EP22160277 A EP 22160277A EP 4056944 B1 EP4056944 B1 EP 4056944B1
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- Prior art keywords
- ignition
- energy
- bridge
- pwm
- eed
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/001—Electric circuits for fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/12—Bridge initiators
- F42B3/121—Initiators with incorporated integrated circuit
- F42B3/122—Programmable electronic delay initiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/06—Electric fuzes with time delay by electric circuitry
- F42C11/065—Programmable electronic delay initiators in projectiles
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrically initiated ignition and ignition means, also called EED (electro-explosive device).
- EED electro-explosive device
- EED are widely used in military applications for the electrical detonation of explosives.
- Relevant standards for the characterization of EED are national standards such as VG 95378 for the German Armed Forces or international standards such as STANAG 4560, Ed. 3 with the associated Guideline AOP-43, Ed. 3 for NATO.
- Other national standards are e.g. for the USA the MIL-STD-464C in connection with the manual MIL-HDBK-240A, for the United Kingdom (UK) the DEFSTAN 59-114 and for France the GAM-DRAM-01/-02.
- Wire bridges EED BW-EED or Bridge-Wire EED
- BW-EED or Bridge-Wire EED Bridge-Wire EED
- the pyrotechnics react with an electric shock that heats a resistance wire (ignition bridge) to glow.
- Layer bridges EED FB-EED or foil bridge EED
- the glow bridge does not consist of a resistance wire, but mostly of a layer of resistance material such as tantalum or carbon or of a metal thin film layer that is sputtered onto a glass or ceramic substrate.
- the ignition device ignition bridge
- the ignition current is usually supplied via a charged capacitor, which transfers its energy to the EED in a matter of milliseconds.
- the object of the present invention is to propose improvements with regard to the ignition behavior of an EED.
- the ignition device is used to ignite a pyrotechnic of an electrically initiated ignition and ignition means and is therefore in particular an ignition device for an EED.
- the ignition device contains an electrically operated ignition bridge for - in the assembled state or operation of the EED - heating or heating of the pyrotechnics.
- the ignition device contains a supply unit for supplying the ignition bridge with electrical energy. The energy comes from outside the supply unit. The electrical energy is used in turn to generate warmth or heat in the ignition bridge and in particular to cause the ignition bridge to glow.
- the supply unit is set up or adapted or configured to provide the energy in the form of at least two energy pulses or to supply it to the bridge.
- a pause between the energy pulses is supplied to the ignition bridge. It is provided using a PWM program (pulse width modulation) with corresponding pulses and pauses between the pulses.
- PWM program pulse width modulation
- "Set up” / "adapted” / “configured” is to be understood in such a way that the supply unit is not only suitable for the corresponding provision, but rather was specifically designed for it.
- the supply unit is “set up” accordingly, in particular by programming a computing device contained therein or by hard wiring.
- the pulse durations of the energy pulses and the pause durations of the pauses between two consecutive energy pulses can be freely programmed or selected in the supply unit or in the PWM program.
- the PWM program is part of the supply unit.
- a freely or arbitrarily programmed or programmable time sequence of energy pulses and pauses results.
- An energy pulse is accompanied by the application of a specific voltage or the flow of a specific current in the ignition bridge.
- the chronological sequence (pulse duration, pause duration) of the energy pulses delivered one after the other to the ignition bridge leads to a chronological sequence of current/voltage pulses in the ignition bridge.
- the energy pulses lead—particularly because of the pauses between two pulses—to only more gradual or slower heating of the ignition bridge compared to a continuous current supply or a single energy pulse.
- Every pulse causes one certain energy input and thus a partial heating of the ignition bridge and the environment.
- the environment includes in particular an edge layer of the pyrotechnics.
- no energy is supplied to the ignition bridge.
- the heat is distributed in the ignition bridge and in the pyrotechnics surrounding the ignition bridge in the EED or adjacent to the ignition bridge. This results - if at all - in only an insignificant increase in temperature, but rather in the temperature remaining the same or cooling down somewhat during the breaks.
- the respective pulse and pause durations can be understood as parameters for an ignition process in the EED or heating process of the pyrotechnics. According to the invention, therefore, a parametric ignition of an EED with pulse width modulation PWM results.
- Parametric ignition of Electro Explosive Devices (EED) with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) allows timing of the heat input into the EED firing bridge.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the ignition in the previously known EED took place by capacitor ignition with pulsed discharge. The entire energy stored in the ignition capacitor is suddenly discharged into the ignition bridge in a single "energy pulse". Other ways of igniting EED are e.g. B. only a single ramp-shaped or square-wave current pulse. Capacitor ignitions are generally used in ignition systems for ammunition applications, in particular missile applications.
- the available electrical energy, in particular stored in an ignition capacitor, is not supplied to the ignition bridge in pulse form, but parameterized in energy packets (pulses), which are comparatively small in particular for the amount of energy supplied.
- the firing of EED is parameterized. This makes it possible to monitor and control the EED's heating-up process during ignition.
- the energy pulses are in particular current pulses for energizing or through the ignition bridge, connected to the corresponding voltage pulses at the ignition bridge.
- the supply unit contains a controllable switch. This is used for the optional electrical connection or separation between the ignition bridge and the energy storage device. A flow of energy or current from the energy store to the ignition bridge is thus made possible or interrupted.
- the supply unit also contains a control device for operating the switch based on the PWM program. The energy pulses can thus be generated using the PWM program. The energy pulses can be generated particularly easily by a controlled switch.
- the control unit is implemented as a microcontroller or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- the ignition device thus receives a PWM program for closing (pulse) and opening (pause) the switch.
- the program in connection with the control device and the switch is therefore set up (when the energy store is connected) to generate the programmed sequence of PWM pulses in the form of the energy pulses.
- the energy storage is an actual storage, i.e. not a voltage/current source in the sense of a generator, mains connection or the like and also not an energy source that contains energy that is caused by EMC effects or similar (electromagnetic compatibility / e.g. irradiation or coupling from external external energy etc.) is fed into the ignition device or the EED.
- the PWM program is set up or programmed accordingly such that when the ignition device is operated as intended at the ignition bridge, an actual course of the temperature of the ignition bridge over time is established, which corresponds to a specifiable characteristic curve.
- the temperature profile that is actually established should therefore correspond to a desired (“specifiable”) profile.
- the “correspondence” is to be understood within error limits that are acceptable depending on the situation. This includes e.g. B. Tolerance limits of materials / geometries for the actual reproduction of a real ignition device or a real individual EED in relation to a model / prototype etc. used in the design of the program.
- Either the course or the temperature of the ignition bridge itself can be specified or the temperature of an area of an intended pyrotechnics correlated with the ignition bridge or a other variable correlated with the temperature of the ignition bridge, which should be set as desired.
- the ignition device is therefore set up overall to actually simulate a desired characteristic curve or course of the temperature of the ignition bridge over time at the ignition bridge during its intended operation—in particular within an intended EED. In this way, the desired ignition behavior of the EED can be implemented.
- the corresponding determination of the parameters of the PWM program can e.g. B. by tests, simulations, theoretical calculations, etc. can be determined.
- the PWM program is set up to simulate the characteristic curve, taking into account the geometry and/or material properties and/or the thermal and/or ignition properties of the ignition bridge and a specified pyrotechnic. By including the corresponding properties, it can be ensured that the temperature of the ignition bridge follows the specifiable characteristic curve as precisely as possible.
- the PWM program is set up to simulate a characteristic curve that is selected or specified in such a way that the ignition bridge melts at least prematurely during normal operation due to temperature overload is excluded. "Hastily” means that the pyrotechnic has not yet been reliably ignited or converted or that the conversion has definitely been initiated. This eliminates a frequent source of error in EED.
- the PWM program is set up to simulate a characteristic curve that is selected so that in normal operation with the available energy in the intended energy storage a maximum Heat is introduced into an edge layer of an intended pyrotechnic at the ignition bridge. It is assumed here that the material/geometry/electrical properties etc. of an energy storage device and its specified or intended operating parameters are known. The heat and surface layer are selected or taken into account in such a way that the pyrotechnic ignites safely within the scope of practical compliance with the design specifications etc. in the practical implementation of an EED.
- the PWM program is set up to simulate a characteristic curve that is selected in such a way that a desired temperature rise time is specified.
- the rise time is to be understood as the time interval in which a specific increase in temperature occurs.
- the temperature increase is that from the initial temperature (before the start of the first energy pulse) to the maximum temperature of the ignition bridge or the start or complete conversion of the pyrotechnics. This makes it particularly easy to prevent the ignition bridge from burning out/burning out prematurely and thus from malfunctioning of the EED.
- an associated PWM program can be introduced into the supply unit for an individual intended ignition and ignition device (EED).
- EED intended ignition and ignition device
- a specific desired characteristic curve is assigned to the respective EED.
- different characteristics are desired for different EEDs.
- This EED can contain the same ignition device in each case, with only an individual PWM program having to be provided in the ignition device.
- the ignition device can be programmed in such a way that a respective ignition bridge can be controlled individually for a specific application.
- that is PWM program in the ignition device can be changed or exchanged or at least fed in individually.
- the PWM program is set up to generate an aperiodic sequence of energy pulses during normal operation.
- at least not all pulses and all pauses are of the same length, but have at least one irregularity (at least two pulse durations are different or at least two pauses are different). There are therefore sufficient degrees of freedom to be able to simulate a large number of desired characteristic curves.
- the PWM program is set up to generate energy pulses during intended operation, which or whose respective pulse durations become longer with increasing time and/or to generate pauses between two consecutive energy pulses, which or their respective pause durations become shorter over time.
- a temperature profile of the ignition bridge that is particularly favorable for triggering the EED can be implemented over time.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by an ignition unit according to patent claim 11, with an ignition device of the type described above, namely for interaction with an energy store.
- the ignition unit and at least some of its possible embodiments and the respective advantages have already been explained in connection with the ignition device according to the invention.
- the energy store is an ignition capacitor. Ignition capacitors are common for EEDs and therefore available.
- EED electrically initiated ignition and ignition means
- EED electrically initiated ignition and detonating means
- the object of the invention is also achieved by a method according to patent claim 14 for igniting a pyrotechnic of an electrically initiated igniting and ignition means.
- the pyrotechnic is heated with an electrically operated ignition bridge, the ignition bridge being supplied with electrical energy in order to generate heat in the ignition bridge, the energy being provided in the form of at least two energy pulses using a PWM program, the pulse durations the energy pulses and the pause durations of the pauses between two consecutive energy pulses or their pause durations can be freely programmed.
- the method is carried out on an electrically initiated ignition and ignition means according to the invention.
- the invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations and also has the following embodiments.
- the embodiments are sometimes also referred to as “the invention” for the sake of simplicity.
- the embodiments can also contain parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments or correspond to them and/or optionally also include embodiments that have not been mentioned before.
- the invention is based on the idea of parameterizing the temperature rise time in EED bridge wires via programmable ignition electronics in order to increase the reliability of tactical capacitor ignitions. This is accomplished by delivering an aperiodic sequence of energy packets from a charged firing capacitor to the EED bridgewire.
- the aperiodic sequence is selected in such a way that a specific temperature characteristic is simulated for the heating process.
- the temperature characteristic is EED-specific and is selected in such a way that premature melting of the wire is prevented and maximum heat is dissipated in the ignition capacitor with the electrical energy available Edge layer of the pyrotechnics (as the area in the immediate vicinity of the EED bridge wire) is introduced.
- the invention can be used to set the respective optimum timed heating curtain for ignition for a large number of EEDs with different material and geometry data of the bridge wire and thermal and ignition properties of the pyrotechnics.
- the invention is characterized by the following aspects:
- the parametric ignition is carried out by an ignition capacitor and not by a battery or voltage source, or is impressed by external electromagnetic interference fields.
- the parameters are determined in such a way that a desired temperature characteristic is simulated when heating the EED bridge wire with the aim of increasing the reliability of EED ignition in tactical systems.
- the parametric ignition is implemented in programmable ignition electronics in order to individually control different types of EED.
- the basic idea is the targeted loading of EED with aperiodic energy pulses to parameterize the temperature rise time in tactical ignition systems.
- the aim is to increase the reliability of capacitor ignitions in tactical systems by parameterizing the temperature rise time, taking into account the individual geometry and material data of the EED bridge wire and the pyrotechnics used.
- FIG 1 shows an electrically initiated ignition and detonating means, ie an EED 2.
- This contains a pyrotechnic 4 and an ignition unit 6 serving to ignite the pyrotechnic 4.
- the ignition unit 6 in turn contains an ignition device 10 and an energy store 11, here an ignition capacitor.
- the ignition device 10 contains an ignition bridge 8 and a supply unit 16 which is used to supply the ignition bridge 8 with electrical energy 9 .
- the electrical energy is converted into heat 12 in the ignition bridge 8 .
- the heat 12 is used to ignite the pyrotechnic 4.
- the heat 12 heats essentially only an edge layer 14 of the pyrotechnics 4 indicated hatched in the figure, in order to initiate its conversion.
- the edge layer 14 is immediately adjacent to the ignition bridge 8 or surrounds it.
- the supply unit 16 is set up to provide the electrical energy 9 for generating the heat 12 in the form of at least two energy pulses 18 which are sent to the ignition bridge 8 in chronological succession. Between each two energy pulses 18 there is a pause in which no energy is supplied to the ignition bridge 8 . In the example, a total of nine energy pulses 18 (see Figures 4 to 6 ) provided by which in figure 1 only the first 3 are indicated. The energy for the energy pulses 18 comes from the energy store 11.
- the energy provided by the energy store 11 is divided into energy pulses 18 using a PWM program 20.
- the supply unit 16 contains a controllable electrical switch 22, which is connected in terms of circuitry between the energy store 11 and the ignition bridge 8, which is indicated here only symbolically by dashed lines.
- the switch 22 thus closes or opens a circuit between the energy store 11 and the firing bridge 8, which is not shown in full here, or supplies the firing bridge 8 with current/voltage or not.
- the supply unit 16 also contains a control device 24 for actuating (opening or closing) the switch 22.
- the control device 24 works in accordance with the PWM program 20.
- the switch 22 is closed by the control device 24 during a respective pulse duration tON (k). and opened during a respective pause duration tOFF (k).
- the respective pulse durations tON (k) and pause durations tOFF (k) in the PWM program 20 can be freely selected and thus represent parameters for the generation of the heat 12 at the ignition bridge 8 and thus for the - thus parametric - ignition of the pyrotechnics 4.
- the PWM program 20 can be exchanged or programmed or changed in order to adapt the supply unit 16 to different EEDs 2 in which the supply unit 16 is to be used. So adjustments to different ignition bridges 8 and / or pyrotechnics 4 z. B. in terms of geometry, materials, composition, etc. done by simple adjustments of the PWM program 20.
- FIG 2 shows the circuit principle of the parametric ignition of the EED 2 with or with the help of pulse width modulation (PWM) in a greatly simplified equivalent circuit diagram.
- a current I flows in this when the switch 22 is closed from the energy store 11 into the ignition bridge 8 and thus forms (together with the voltage drop across the ignition bridge 8) an energy pulse 18 in order to generate heat in the bridge resistor REED.
- the switch 22 is closed and opened based on the PWM program 20, which is shown in figure 2 by a PWM sequence tPWM (see Figures 3 and 4 ) is indicated.
- the switches 22 and S1 are electronic switches here.
- figure 2 thus shows the circuit principle of a parametric ignition of an EED 2 with pulse width modulation.
- the with a DC voltage DC: direct current, here in the sense of DC voltage
- DC direct current, here in the sense of DC voltage
- Discharge bridge resistor REED Discharge bridge resistor REED.
- the switch 22 is controlled via a pulse width modulation PWM or the PWM sequence tPWM.
- FIG 3 shows an example of a general PWM sequence tPWM over time t, ie the actuation of switch 22 using PWM program 20.
- An ordinate value of 0 corresponds to open switch 22, and a value of 1 to closed switch 22.
- PWM sequence tPWM includes a total of k periods T(1) to T(k).
- figure 3 thus shows the definition of a PWM sequence tPWM with the switch-on times tON(k) of the switch 22 or pulse durations, the switch-off times tOFF(k) of the switch 22 or the pause durations, and the period durations T(k), where k is the respective pulse number , ie number or sequence number of the energy pulse 18 means.
- figure 4 12 thus shows an exemplary embodiment of a PWM sequence tPWM made up of a total of nine individual pulses in the form of energy pulses 18 with different switch-on and switch-off times.
- the timing is aperiodic in terms of both pulse and pause durations.
- the pulse durations increase continuously over time, the pause durations decrease.
- figure 5 shows the example of an ignition current I measured for this sequence, ie the associated current I or ignition current through the ignition bridge 8 with the PWM sequence tPWM figure 4 .
- figure 6 shows an actual profile 26 of the temperature T over time t at the firing bridge 8 of the EED 2 for the PWM sequence tPWM figure 4 or the current I from figure 5 .
- the PWM sequence tPWM or the associated PWM program 20 with the corresponding pulse durations tON and pause durations tOFF is selected such that the actual course 26 follows a desired or predetermined or specifiable characteristic curve 28 .
- the characteristic curve 28 indicates how the temperature T should develop over time t.
- the specification is made in such a way that, on the one hand, reliable ignition of the pyrotechnics 4 is ensured by sufficient heat 12 being introduced into the edge layer 14 .
- the ignition bridge 8 does not melt as a result of the heat 12 before the pyrotechnics 4 have been successfully ignited or converted. Because once it melts, no further current flow and no further heating would be possible. Actual ignition or conversion would therefore no longer take place. A premature melting of the ignition bridge 8 due to temperature overload is thus ruled out by specifying the characteristic curve 28 and its actual implementation using the PWM program 20 .
- the characteristic and thus also the PWM program 20 is also selected in such a way that with the energy available in the energy store 11 a maximum amount of heat 12 or amount of heat is introduced into the edge layer 14 .
- Characteristic curve 28 and PWM program 20 are also selected in such a way that a desired or specified rise time TA for the temperature T, starting from the initial temperature up to the maximum temperature, results.
- the geometry as well as the material, heat and ignition properties of the ignition bridge 8 and the pyrotechnics 4 were taken into account.
- figure 6 thus shows the example for a sequence tPWM figure 4 measured heating process of an EED ignition bridge 8.
- the actual heating only takes place during the tON times.
- the temperature of the ignition bridge 8 (wire temperature) drops.
- the heating-up process of the ignition bridge can be adjusted by defining the tON and tOFF times. To generate the measurement curve, the heating was measured with a temperature sensor on an inert EED 2 (without pyrotechnics 4).
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisch initiiertes Anzünd- und Zündmittel, auch EED (electro-explosive device) genannt.The invention relates to an electrically initiated ignition and ignition means, also called EED (electro-explosive device).
EED werden vielfach in militärischen Anwendungen für die elektrische Zündung von Sprengstoffen eingesetzt. Relevante Standards für die Charakterisierung von EED sind nationale Normen wie z.B. die VG 95378 für die Bundeswehr oder internationale Normen wie die STANAG 4560, Ed. 3 mit der dazugehörigen Guideline AOP-43, Ed. 3 für die NATO. Weitere nationale Normen sind z.B. für die USA der MIL-STD-464C in Verbindung mit dem Handbuch MIL-HDBK-240A, für das Vereinigte Königreich (UK) der DEFSTAN 59-114 und für Frankreich die GAM-DRAM-01/-02.EED are widely used in military applications for the electrical detonation of explosives. Relevant standards for the characterization of EED are national standards such as VG 95378 for the German Armed Forces or international standards such as STANAG 4560, Ed. 3 with the associated Guideline AOP-43, Ed. 3 for NATO. Other national standards are e.g. for the USA the MIL-STD-464C in connection with the manual MIL-HDBK-240A, for the United Kingdom (UK) the DEFSTAN 59-114 and for France the GAM-DRAM-01/-02.
Bekannt sind Drahtbrücken EED (BW-EED oder Bridge-Wire EED). Bei diesem EED-Typ erfolgt die Reaktion des Pyrotechnikums durch einen elektrischen Stromstoß, der einen Widerstandsdraht (Zündbrücke) zum Glühen erhitzt. Bekannt sind auch Schichtbrücken EED (FB-EED oder Foil-Bridge EED). Bei diesem EED besteht die Glühbrücke (Zündbrücke) nicht aus einem Widerstandsdraht, sondern meist aus einer Schicht Widerstandsmaterial wie Tantal oder Kohlenstoff oder aus einer Metalldünnfilmschicht, die auf einen Glas- oder Keramikträger aufgesputtert wird.Wire bridges EED (BW-EED or Bridge-Wire EED) are known. With this type of EED, the pyrotechnics react with an electric shock that heats a resistance wire (ignition bridge) to glow. Layer bridges EED (FB-EED or foil bridge EED) are also known. In this EED, the glow bridge (ignition bridge) does not consist of a resistance wire, but mostly of a layer of resistance material such as tantalum or carbon or of a metal thin film layer that is sputtered onto a glass or ceramic substrate.
Für den Zündvorgang ist wichtig, dass die Erwärmung des Zündmittels (Zündbrücke) genügend schnell erfolgt. Aus diesem Grund wird der Zündstrom in aller Regel über einen geladenen Kondensator zugeführt, der seine Energie im Millisekundenbereich zum EED transferiert.It is important for the ignition process that the ignition device (ignition bridge) heats up quickly enough. For this reason, the ignition current is usually supplied via a charged capacitor, which transfers its energy to the EED in a matter of milliseconds.
Des Weiteren ist beispielsweise aus der Patentschrift
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, Verbesserungen bezüglich dem Zündverhalten eines EED vorzuschlagen.The object of the present invention is to propose improvements with regard to the ignition behavior of an EED.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Zündvorrichtung gemäß Patentanspruch 1.The object is achieved by an ignition device according to
Bevorzugte oder vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sowie anderer Erfindungskategorien ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention and other categories of the invention result from the further claims, the following description and the attached figures.
Die Zündvorrichtung dient zum Anzünden eines Pyrotechnikums eines elektrisch initiierten Anzünd- und Zündmittels und ist daher insbesondere eine Zündvorrichtung für ein EED. Die Zündvorrichtung enthält eine elektrisch betriebene Zündbrücke zum - im Montagezustand bzw. Betrieb des EED - Erwärmen bzw. Erhitzen des Pyrotechnikums. Die Zündvorrichtung enthält eine Versorgungseinheit zur Versorgung der Zündbrücke mit elektrischer Energie. Die Energie stammt dabei von außerhalb der Versorgungseinheit. Die elektrische Energie dient wiederum zur Erzeugung von Wärme bzw. Hitze in der Zündbrücke und insbesondere dazu, die Zündbrücke zum Glühen zu bringen. Die Versorgungseinheit ist dazu eingerichtet bzw. angepasst bzw. konfiguriert, die Energie in Form von mindestens zwei Energiepulsen bereitzustellen bzw. an die Brücke zu liefern. Zwischen den Energiepulsen besteht eine Pause, in der keine, zumindest keine nennenswerte Energie, die zu einer weiteren nennenswerten Erwärmung führen würde, an die Zündbrücke geliefert wird. Das Bereitstellen erfolgt anhand eines PWM-Programms (Pulsweitenmodulation) mit entsprechenden Pulsen und Pausen zwischen den Pulsen. "Eingerichtet" / "Angepasst" / "Konfiguriert" ist dabei so zu verstehen, dass die Versorgungseinheit nicht nur für die entsprechende Bereitstellung geeignet ist, sondern vielmehr eigens dafür konzipiert wurde. Die Versorgungseinheit ist insbesondere durch Programmierung einer darin enthaltenen Recheneinrichtung oder Festverdrahtung entsprechend "eingerichtet". In der Versorgungseinheit bzw. bei dem PWM-Programm sind die Pulsdauern der Energiepulse und die Pausendauern der Pausen zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Energiepulsen frei programmierbar bzw. wählbar. Das PWM-Programm ist dabei Teil der Versorgungseinheit.The ignition device is used to ignite a pyrotechnic of an electrically initiated ignition and ignition means and is therefore in particular an ignition device for an EED. The ignition device contains an electrically operated ignition bridge for - in the assembled state or operation of the EED - heating or heating of the pyrotechnics. The ignition device contains a supply unit for supplying the ignition bridge with electrical energy. The energy comes from outside the supply unit. The electrical energy is used in turn to generate warmth or heat in the ignition bridge and in particular to cause the ignition bridge to glow. The supply unit is set up or adapted or configured to provide the energy in the form of at least two energy pulses or to supply it to the bridge. There is a pause between the energy pulses, during which no energy, at least no significant energy that would lead to further significant heating, is supplied to the ignition bridge. It is provided using a PWM program (pulse width modulation) with corresponding pulses and pauses between the pulses. "Set up" / "adapted" / "configured" is to be understood in such a way that the supply unit is not only suitable for the corresponding provision, but rather was specifically designed for it. The supply unit is “set up” accordingly, in particular by programming a computing device contained therein or by hard wiring. The pulse durations of the energy pulses and the pause durations of the pauses between two consecutive energy pulses can be freely programmed or selected in the supply unit or in the PWM program. The PWM program is part of the supply unit.
Insbesondere im Rahmen der Integration einer Zündvorrichtung in ein komplettiertes EED bzw. beim Betrieb bzw. Einsatz bzw. der Nutzung des EED, also dessen Auslösung ergibt sich folgendes:
Gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich eine frei bzw. beliebig programmierte oder programmierbare zeitliche Abfolge von Energiepulsen und Pausen. Ein Energiepuls geht dabei mit dem Anlegen einer bestimmten Spannung bzw. dem Fließen eines bestimmten Stroms in der Zündbrücke einher. Die zeitliche Abfolge (Pulsdauer, Pausendauer) der hintereinander an die Zündbrücke gelieferten Energiepulse führt zu einer zeitlichen Abfolge von Strom- / Spannungspulsen in Zündbrücke. Die Energiepulse führen - insbesondere wegen der Pausen zwischen zwei Pulsen - zum nur allmählicheren bzw. langsameren Erhitzen der Zündbrücke im Vergleich zu einer Dauerbestromung bzw. einem einzigen Energiepuls. Jeder Puls bewirkt einen gewissen Energieeintrag und damit eine Teil-Erwärmung der Zündbrücke und der Umgebung. Die Umgebung beinhaltet insbesondere eine Randschicht des Pyrotechnikums. In den Pausen zwischen jeweils zwei Pulsen wird keine Energie an die Zündbrücke geliefert. In dieser Zeit erfolgt eine Verteilung der Wärme in der Zündbrücke und in dem die Zündbrücke im EED umgebenden bzw. der Zündbrücke benachbarten Pyrotechnikum. Dies resultiert - wenn überhaupt - in einem nur unbedeutenden Anstieg, stattdessen vielmehr zu einem Gleichbleiben der Temperatur oder einer gewissen Abkühlung in den Pausen.In particular, in the context of the integration of an ignition device in a completed EED or during the operation or use of the EED, i.e. its triggering, the following results:
According to the invention, a freely or arbitrarily programmed or programmable time sequence of energy pulses and pauses results. An energy pulse is accompanied by the application of a specific voltage or the flow of a specific current in the ignition bridge. The chronological sequence (pulse duration, pause duration) of the energy pulses delivered one after the other to the ignition bridge leads to a chronological sequence of current/voltage pulses in the ignition bridge. The energy pulses lead—particularly because of the pauses between two pulses—to only more gradual or slower heating of the ignition bridge compared to a continuous current supply or a single energy pulse. Every pulse causes one certain energy input and thus a partial heating of the ignition bridge and the environment. The environment includes in particular an edge layer of the pyrotechnics. In the pauses between each two pulses, no energy is supplied to the ignition bridge. During this time, the heat is distributed in the ignition bridge and in the pyrotechnics surrounding the ignition bridge in the EED or adjacent to the ignition bridge. This results - if at all - in only an insignificant increase in temperature, but rather in the temperature remaining the same or cooling down somewhat during the breaks.
Die jeweiligen Puls- und Pausendauern können als Parameter für einen Zündvorgang im EED bzw. Erhitzungsvorgang des Pyrotechnikums verstanden werden. Gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich also eine parametrische Zündung eines EED mit Pulsweitenmodulation PWM. Die parametrische Zündung von Electro Explosive Devices (EED) mit Pulsweitenmodulation (PWM) ermöglicht eine zeitliche Steuerung der Wärmezufuhr in die EED-Zündbrücke. Insbesondere lässt sich durch Einstellen der PWM-Parameter (Puls- / Pausendauern der einzelnen Energie-Pulse) erreichen, dass die Zündbrücke nicht vorschnell durch Überhitzung schmilzt, bevor genügend Wärmeenergie in die Randschicht des Pyrotechnikums eingedrungen ist, um den EED zu initiieren.The respective pulse and pause durations can be understood as parameters for an ignition process in the EED or heating process of the pyrotechnics. According to the invention, therefore, a parametric ignition of an EED with pulse width modulation PWM results. Parametric ignition of Electro Explosive Devices (EED) with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) allows timing of the heat input into the EED firing bridge. In particular, by setting the PWM parameters (pulse / pause durations of the individual energy pulses), it is possible to ensure that the ignition bridge does not melt prematurely due to overheating before sufficient thermal energy has penetrated the edge layer of the pyrotechnic to initiate the EED.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass die Zündung in den bisher bekannten EED durch eine Kondensatorzündung mit Impulsentladung erfolgte. Hierbei wird die gesamte im Zündkondensator gespeicherte Energie schlagartig und in einem einzigen "Energiepuls" in die Zündbrücke entladen. Andere Möglichkeiten der Zündung von EED sind z. B. ein nur einziger rampenförmiger oder rechteckförmiger Strompuls. In Zündsystemen für Munitionsanwendungen, insbesondere Flugkörperanwendungen, kommen in der Regel Kondensatorzündungen zum Einsatz.The invention is based on the knowledge that the ignition in the previously known EED took place by capacitor ignition with pulsed discharge. The entire energy stored in the ignition capacitor is suddenly discharged into the ignition bridge in a single "energy pulse". Other ways of igniting EED are e.g. B. only a single ramp-shaped or square-wave current pulse. Capacitor ignitions are generally used in ignition systems for ammunition applications, in particular missile applications.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird der Zündbrücke die zur Verfügung stehende, insbesondere in einem Zündkondensator gespeicherte, elektrische Energie, nicht impulsförmig, sondern parametrisiert in - insbesondere zur zugeführten Energiemenge vergleichsweise kleinen - Energiepaketen (Pulsen) zugeführt.According to the invention, the available electrical energy, in particular stored in an ignition capacitor, is not supplied to the ignition bridge in pulse form, but parameterized in energy packets (pulses), which are comparatively small in particular for the amount of energy supplied.
Dadurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass mit der Methode der parametrischen Zündung die Temperatur der Zündbrücke bzw. deren Anstieg über der Zeit, über einen weiten Bereich kontrolliert werden kann. Insbesondere kann ein vorschnelles Schmelzen der Drahtbrücke bzw. Zündbrücke vor der eigentlichen pyrotechnischen Umsetzung des Pyrotechnikums verhindert werden. Damit lässt sich die Zuverlässigkeit der Zündung von EED erhöhen.This has the advantage that the temperature of the ignition bridge and its increase over time can be controlled over a wide range using the method of parametric ignition. In particular, premature melting of the wire bridge or ignition bridge before the actual pyrotechnic implementation of the pyrotechnics are prevented. This increases the reliability of EED ignition.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird daher die Zündung von EED parametrisiert. Dadurch wird es möglich, den Aufheizvorgang von EED bei der Zündung zu kontrollieren und zu steuern. Die Energiepulse sind insbesondere Strompulse zur Bestromung der bzw. durch die Zündbrücke, verbunden mit den entsprechenden Spannungspulsen an der Zündbrücke.According to the invention, therefore, the firing of EED is parameterized. This makes it possible to monitor and control the EED's heating-up process during ignition. The energy pulses are in particular current pulses for energizing or through the ignition bridge, connected to the corresponding voltage pulses at the ignition bridge.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Versorgungseinheit einen steuerbaren Schalter. Dieser dient zur wahlweisen elektrischen Verbindung oder Trennung zwischen Zündbrücke und Energiespeicher. Ein Energie- bzw. Stromfluss vom Energiespeicher zur Zündbrücke wird damit ermöglicht oder unterbrochen. Die Versorgungseinheit enthält auch eine Steuereinrichtung zum Betätigen des Schalters anhand des PWM-Programms. Somit können die Energiepulse anhand des PWM-Programms erzeugt werden. Durch einen gesteuerten Schalter können die Energiepulse besonders einfach erzeugt werden. Insbesondere ist die Steuereinheit als Mikrocontroller oder FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) realisiert.In a preferred embodiment, the supply unit contains a controllable switch. This is used for the optional electrical connection or separation between the ignition bridge and the energy storage device. A flow of energy or current from the energy store to the ignition bridge is thus made possible or interrupted. The supply unit also contains a control device for operating the switch based on the PWM program. The energy pulses can thus be generated using the PWM program. The energy pulses can be generated particularly easily by a controlled switch. In particular, the control unit is implemented as a microcontroller or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
Die Zündvorrichtung erhält damit ein PWM-Programm zum Schließen (Puls) und Öffnen (Pause) des Schalters. Das Programm in Verbindung mit der Steuereinrichtung und dem Schalter ist also (bei angeschlossenem Energiespeicher) dazu eingerichtet, die programmierte Abfolge von PWM-Pulsen in Form der Energiepulse zu erzeugen. Der Energiespeicher ist ein tatsächlicher Speicher, also keine Spannungs-/Stromquelle im Sinne eines Generators, Netzanschlusses oder dergleichen und auch keine Energiequelle, die Energie beinhaltet, die durch EMV-effekte o.ä. (Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / z. B. Einstrahlung oder Einkopplung von äußerer Fremdenergie etc.) in die Zündvorrichtung bzw. das EED eingespeist wird.The ignition device thus receives a PWM program for closing (pulse) and opening (pause) the switch. The program in connection with the control device and the switch is therefore set up (when the energy store is connected) to generate the programmed sequence of PWM pulses in the form of the energy pulses. The energy storage is an actual storage, i.e. not a voltage/current source in the sense of a generator, mains connection or the like and also not an energy source that contains energy that is caused by EMC effects or similar (electromagnetic compatibility / e.g. irradiation or coupling from external external energy etc.) is fed into the ignition device or the EED.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das PWM-Programm dazu eingerichtet bzw. entsprechend programmiert, dass sich beim bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb der Zündvorrichtung an der Zündbrücke ein tatsächlicher Verlauf der Temperatur der Zündbrücke über der Zeit einstellt, der einer vorgebbaren Kennlinie entspricht. Der tatsächlich sich einstellende Temperaturverlauf soll also einem wunschgemäßen ("vorgebbaren") Verlauf entsprechen. Die "Entsprechung" ist dabei innerhalb jeweiliger situationsbedingt akzeptabler Fehlergrenzen zu verstehen. Dies beinhaltet z. B. Toleranzgrenzen von Materialien / Geometrien für das tatsächliche Nachbilden einer realen Zündvorrichtung bzw. eines realen individuellen EED in Bezug auf ein beim Entwurf des Programms verwendeten Modells / Prototypen usw. Dabei kann entweder der Verlauf bzw. die Temperatur der Zündbrücke selbst vorgeben sein oder die Temperatur eines mit der Zündbrücke korrelierten Bereiches eines bestimmungsgemäßen Pyrotechnikums oder eine sonstige mit der Temperatur der Zündbrücke korrelierte Größe, die sich wunschgemäß einstellen soll. Die Zündvorrichtung ist also insgesamt dazu eingerichtet, bei ihrem bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb - insbesondere innerhalb eines bestimmungsgemäßen EED - eine gewünschte Kennlinie bzw. Verlauf der Temperatur der Zündbrücke über der Zeit an der Zündbrücke tatsächlich nachzubilden. So kann ein wunschgemäßes Zündverhalten des EED realisiert werden.In a preferred embodiment, the PWM program is set up or programmed accordingly such that when the ignition device is operated as intended at the ignition bridge, an actual course of the temperature of the ignition bridge over time is established, which corresponds to a specifiable characteristic curve. The temperature profile that is actually established should therefore correspond to a desired (“specifiable”) profile. The “correspondence” is to be understood within error limits that are acceptable depending on the situation. This includes e.g. B. Tolerance limits of materials / geometries for the actual reproduction of a real ignition device or a real individual EED in relation to a model / prototype etc. used in the design of the program. Either the course or the temperature of the ignition bridge itself can be specified or the temperature of an area of an intended pyrotechnics correlated with the ignition bridge or a other variable correlated with the temperature of the ignition bridge, which should be set as desired. The ignition device is therefore set up overall to actually simulate a desired characteristic curve or course of the temperature of the ignition bridge over time at the ignition bridge during its intended operation—in particular within an intended EED. In this way, the desired ignition behavior of the EED can be implemented.
Als Kennlinien kommen all diejenigen in Frage, die sich durch Energiepulse und Pulspausen, d. h. pulsförmige Erwärmung und Konstanttemperatur bzw. Abkühlung in den Pausen im Rahmen der Gegebenheiten von EEDs erreichen lassen.All those that are characterized by energy pulses and pulse pauses, i. H. allow pulsed warming and constant temperature or cooling to be achieved during the breaks within the framework of the EED conditions.
Die entsprechende Ermittlung der Parameter des PWM-Programms (Anzahl der Pulse, Puls- und Pausendauern etc.) kann z. B. durch Versuche, Simulationen, theoretische Berechnungen usw. ermittelt werden.The corresponding determination of the parameters of the PWM program (number of pulses, pulse and pause durations, etc.) can e.g. B. by tests, simulations, theoretical calculations, etc. can be determined.
"Bestimmungsgemäß" ist vorliegend stets so zu verstehen, dass das betreffende Element, z. B. die Zündvorrichtung, auf bestimmte oder einen bestimmten Typ von Umgebungsbedingungen, z. B. Temperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit usw. und/oder ein entsprechendes Gegenstück, hier z. B. das restliche EED einschl. Pyrotechnikum, konstruktiv abgestimmt ist und für den Einsatz dort vorgesehen ist; z. B. für die dadurch bestimmten Geometrieanforderungen, Materialien usw. ausgelegt ist."Intended" is always to be understood in the present case in such a way that the element in question, e.g. the igniter, to certain or a certain type of environmental conditions, e.g. As temperature, humidity, etc. and / or a corresponding counterpart, here z. B. the rest of the EED including pyrotechnics, is constructively coordinated and intended for use there; e.g. B. is designed for the geometry requirements, materials, etc. determined thereby.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform ist das PWM-Programm dazu eingerichtet, die Kennlinie unter Berücksichtigung der Geometrie- und/oder Materialeigenschaften und/oder der Wärme- und/oder Zündeigenschaften der Zündbrücke und eines bestimmungsgemäßen Pyrotechnikums nachzubilden. Durch Einbeziehung der entsprechenden Eigenschaften kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Temperatur der Zündbrücke möglichst genau der vorgebbaren Kennlinie folgt.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the PWM program is set up to simulate the characteristic curve, taking into account the geometry and/or material properties and/or the thermal and/or ignition properties of the ignition bridge and a specified pyrotechnic. By including the corresponding properties, it can be ensured that the temperature of the ignition bridge follows the specifiable characteristic curve as precisely as possible.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform ist das PWM-Programm dazu eingerichtet, eine Kennlinie nachzubilden, die so gewählt bzw. vorgegeben ist, dass im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb ein zumindest vorschnelles Schmelzen der Zündbrücke aufgrund von Temperaturüberlastung ausgeschlossen ist. "Vorschnell" bedeutet, dass das Pyrotechnikum noch nicht sicher gezündet oder umgesetzt ist bzw. die Umsetzung sicher eingeleitet ist. Somit wird eine häufige Fehlerquelle in EED beseitigt.In a preferred variant of this specific embodiment, the PWM program is set up to simulate a characteristic curve that is selected or specified in such a way that the ignition bridge melts at least prematurely during normal operation due to temperature overload is excluded. "Hastily" means that the pyrotechnic has not yet been reliably ignited or converted or that the conversion has definitely been initiated. This eliminates a frequent source of error in EED.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform in Verbindung mit der Ausführungsform mit Energiespeicher wie oben beschrieben, ist das PWM-Programm dazu eingerichtet ist, eine Kennlinie nachzubilden, die so gewählt ist, dass im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb mit der zur Verfügung stehenden Energie im bestimmungsgemäßen Energiespeicher eine maximale Wärme in eine Randschicht eines bestimmungsgemäßen Pyrotechnikums an der Zündbrücke eingebracht wird. Hierbei wird vorausgesetzt, dass Material / Geometrie / elektrische Eigenschaften usw. eines Energiespeichers und dessen spezifizierte bzw. bestimmungsgemäß zu erwartende Betriebsparameter bekannt sind. Wärme und Randschicht sind dabei so gewählt bzw. berücksichtigt, dass das Pyrotechnikum im Rahmen der praktischen Einhaltung der Designvorgaben etc. bei der praktischen Realisierung eines EED sicher zündet.In a preferred variant of this embodiment in conjunction with the embodiment with energy storage as described above, the PWM program is set up to simulate a characteristic curve that is selected so that in normal operation with the available energy in the intended energy storage a maximum Heat is introduced into an edge layer of an intended pyrotechnic at the ignition bridge. It is assumed here that the material/geometry/electrical properties etc. of an energy storage device and its specified or intended operating parameters are known. The heat and surface layer are selected or taken into account in such a way that the pyrotechnic ignites safely within the scope of practical compliance with the design specifications etc. in the practical implementation of an EED.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform ist das PWM-Programm dazu eingerichtet, eine Kennlinie nachzubilden, die so gewählt ist, dass eine gewünschte Anstiegszeit der Temperatur vorgegeben ist. Die Anstiegszeit ist als Zeitintervall zu verstehen, in dem eine bestimmte Temperaturerhöhung geschieht. Insbesondere ist die Temperaturerhöhung diejenige von der Ausgangstemperatur (vor Beginn des ersten Energiepulses) bis zur Maximaltemperatur der Zündbrücke oder dem Beginn oder der vollständigen Umsetzung des Pyrotechnikums. So kann ein vorzeitiges Durchbrennen / Verglühen der Zündbrücke und damit eine Fehlfunktion des EED besonders einfach vermieden werden.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the PWM program is set up to simulate a characteristic curve that is selected in such a way that a desired temperature rise time is specified. The rise time is to be understood as the time interval in which a specific increase in temperature occurs. In particular, the temperature increase is that from the initial temperature (before the start of the first energy pulse) to the maximum temperature of the ignition bridge or the start or complete conversion of the pyrotechnics. This makes it particularly easy to prevent the ignition bridge from burning out/burning out prematurely and thus from malfunctioning of the EED.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform ist für ein individuelles bestimmungsgemäßes Anzünd- und Zündmittel (EED) ein zugehöriges PWM-Programm in die Versorgungseinheit einbringbar ist. Dem jeweiligen EED ist dabei jeweils eine bestimmte gewünschte Kennlinie zugeordnet. Insbesondere sind für verschiedene EED verschiedene Kennlinien gewünscht. So können dieses EED jeweils die gleiche Zündvorrichtung enthalten, wobei in der Zündvorrichtung nur ein jeweils individuelles PWM-Programm vorgesehen werden muss. Insbesondere ist die Zündvorrichtung dahingehend programmierbar, um eine jeweilige Zündbrücke für einen bestimmten Anwendungsfall individuell anzusteuern zu können. Insbesondere ist das PWM-Programm in der Zündvorrichtung veränderbar oder austauschbar oder zumindest individuell einspeisbar.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, an associated PWM program can be introduced into the supply unit for an individual intended ignition and ignition device (EED). A specific desired characteristic curve is assigned to the respective EED. In particular, different characteristics are desired for different EEDs. This EED can contain the same ignition device in each case, with only an individual PWM program having to be provided in the ignition device. In particular, the ignition device can be programmed in such a way that a respective ignition bridge can be controlled individually for a specific application. In particular, that is PWM program in the ignition device can be changed or exchanged or at least fed in individually.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das PWM-Programm dazu eingerichtet, im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb eine aperiodische Abfolge von Energiepulsen zu erzeugen. Mit anderen Worten sind zumindest nicht alle Pulse und alle Pausen jeweils gleichlang, sondern weisen mindestens eine Unregelmäßigkeit auf (mindestens zwei Pulsdauern unterschiedlich oder mindestens zwei Pausen unterschiedlich). Somit sind ausreichend Freiheitsgrade vorhanden, um eine Vielzahl von gewünschten Kennlinien nachbilden zu können.In a preferred embodiment, the PWM program is set up to generate an aperiodic sequence of energy pulses during normal operation. In other words, at least not all pulses and all pauses are of the same length, but have at least one irregularity (at least two pulse durations are different or at least two pauses are different). There are therefore sufficient degrees of freedom to be able to simulate a large number of desired characteristic curves.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform ist das PWM-Programm dazu eingerichtet, im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb Energiepulse zu erzeugen, die bzw. deren jeweilige Pulsdauern mit zunehmender Zeit länger werden und/oder Pausen zwischen je zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Energiepulsen zu erzeugen, die bzw. deren jeweilige Pausendauern mit zunehmender Zeit kürzer werden. So kann ein für eine Auslösung des EED besonders günstiger Temperaturverlauf der Zündbrücke über der Zeit realisiert werden.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the PWM program is set up to generate energy pulses during intended operation, which or whose respective pulse durations become longer with increasing time and/or to generate pauses between two consecutive energy pulses, which or their respective pause durations become shorter over time. In this way, a temperature profile of the ignition bridge that is particularly favorable for triggering the EED can be implemented over time.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch gelöst durch eine Zündeinheit gemäß Patentanspruch 11, mit einer Zündvorrichtung nach der Art wie oben beschrieben, nämlich zum Zusammenwirken mit einem Energiespeicher.The object of the invention is also achieved by an ignition unit according to
Die Zündeinheit und zumindest ein Teil deren möglicher Ausführungsformen sowie die jeweiligen Vorteile wurden sinngemäß bereits im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zündvorrichtung erläutert.The ignition unit and at least some of its possible embodiments and the respective advantages have already been explained in connection with the ignition device according to the invention.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Energiespeicher ein Zündkondensator. Zündkondensatoren sind für EEDs üblich und daher verfügbar.In a preferred embodiment, the energy store is an ignition capacitor. Ignition capacitors are common for EEDs and therefore available.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch gelöst durch ein elektrisch initiiertes Anzünd- und Zündmittel (EED) gemäß Patentanspruch 13 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündvorrichtung oder mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündeinheit, und mit dem Pyrotechnikum.The object of the invention is also achieved by an electrically initiated ignition and ignition means (EED) according to patent claim 13 with an ignition device according to the invention or with an ignition unit according to the invention, and with the pyrotechnics.
Das elektrisch initiierte Anzünd- und Zündmittel (EED) und zumindest ein Teil dessen möglicher Ausführungsformen sowie die jeweiligen Vorteile wurden sinngemäß bereits im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zündvorrichtung und der erfindungsgemäßen Zündeinheit erläutert.The electrically initiated ignition and detonating means (EED) and at least some of its possible embodiments and the respective advantages have already been mutatis mutandis explained in connection with the ignition device according to the invention and the ignition unit according to the invention.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch gelöst durch ein Verfahren gemäß Patentanspruch 14 zum Anzünden eines Pyrotechnikums eines elektrisch initiierten Anzünd- und Zündmittels. Bei dem Verfahren wird das Pyrotechnikum mit einer elektrisch betriebenen Zündbrücke erwärmt, wobei die Zündbrücke mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wird, um Wärme in der Zündbrücke zu erzeugen, wobei die Energie in Form von mindestens zwei Energiepulsen anhand eines PWM-Programms bereitgestellt wird, wobei die Pulsdauern der Energiepulse und die Pausendauern der Pausen zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Energiepulsen bzw. deren Pausendauern frei programmiert werden.The object of the invention is also achieved by a method according to patent claim 14 for igniting a pyrotechnic of an electrically initiated igniting and ignition means. In the method, the pyrotechnic is heated with an electrically operated ignition bridge, the ignition bridge being supplied with electrical energy in order to generate heat in the ignition bridge, the energy being provided in the form of at least two energy pulses using a PWM program, the pulse durations the energy pulses and the pause durations of the pauses between two consecutive energy pulses or their pause durations can be freely programmed.
Das Verfahren und zumindest ein Teil dessen möglicher Ausführungsformen sowie die jeweiligen Vorteile wurden sinngemäß bereits im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zündvorrichtung, der erfindungsgemäßen Zündeinheit und dem erfindungsgemäßen elektrisch initiierten Anzünd- und Zündmittel erläutert.The method and at least some of its possible embodiments and the respective advantages have already been explained in connection with the ignition device according to the invention, the ignition unit according to the invention and the electrically initiated ignition and ignition means according to the invention.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Verfahren an einem erfindungsgemäßen elektrisch initiierten Anzünd- und Zündmittel durchgeführt.In a preferred embodiment, the method is carried out on an electrically initiated ignition and ignition means according to the invention.
Die Erfindung beruht auf folgenden Erkenntnissen, Beobachtungen bzw. Überlegungen und weist noch die nachfolgenden Ausführungsformen auf. Die Ausführungsformen werden dabei teils vereinfachend auch "die Erfindung" genannt. Die Ausführungsformen können hierbei auch Teile oder Kombinationen der oben genannten Ausführungsformen enthalten oder diesen entsprechen und/oder gegebenenfalls auch bisher nicht erwähnte Ausführungsformen einschließen.The invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations and also has the following embodiments. The embodiments are sometimes also referred to as “the invention” for the sake of simplicity. The embodiments can also contain parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments or correspond to them and/or optionally also include embodiments that have not been mentioned before.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Idee, die Anstiegszeit der Temperatur in EED-Brückendrähten über eine programmierbare Zündelektronik zu parametrisieren, um die Zuverlässigkeit von taktischen Kondensatorzündungen zu erhöhen. Dies wird bewerkstelligt, indem aus einem geladenen Zündkondensator eine aperiodische Folge von Energiepaketen dem EED-Brückendraht zugeführt wird. Die aperiodische Folge wird so gewählt, dass eine bestimme Temperaturkennlinie für den Aufheizprozess nachgebildet wird. Die Temperaturkennlinie ist EED-spezifisch und wird so gewählt, dass ein vorschnelles Schmelzen des Drahtes verhindert und mit der zur Verfügung stehenden elektrischen Energie im Zündkondensator maximale Wärme in die Randschicht des Pyrotechnikums (als den Bereich in unmittelbarer Nähe des EED-Brückendrahtes) eingebracht wird. Mit der Erfindung können für eine Vielzahl von EED mit unterschiedlichen Material- und Geometriedaten des Brückendrahtes und Wärme- und Zündeigenschaften des Pyrotechnikums der jeweils optimale zeitliche Aufheizvorhang für die Zündung eingestellt werden.The invention is based on the idea of parameterizing the temperature rise time in EED bridge wires via programmable ignition electronics in order to increase the reliability of tactical capacitor ignitions. This is accomplished by delivering an aperiodic sequence of energy packets from a charged firing capacitor to the EED bridgewire. The aperiodic sequence is selected in such a way that a specific temperature characteristic is simulated for the heating process. The temperature characteristic is EED-specific and is selected in such a way that premature melting of the wire is prevented and maximum heat is dissipated in the ignition capacitor with the electrical energy available Edge layer of the pyrotechnics (as the area in the immediate vicinity of the EED bridge wire) is introduced. The invention can be used to set the respective optimum timed heating curtain for ignition for a large number of EEDs with different material and geometry data of the bridge wire and thermal and ignition properties of the pyrotechnics.
Die Erfindung zeichnet sich durch folgende Aspekte aus: Die parametrische Zündung erfolgt aus einem Zündkondensator und nicht aus einer Batterie oder Spannungsquelle oder wird durch äußere elektromagnetische Störfelder eingeprägt. Die Parameter werden so bestimmt, dass eine gewünschte Temperaturkennlinie beim Aufheizen des EED-Brückendrahtes nachgebildet wird mit dem Ziel, die Zuverlässigkeit der Zündung von EED in taktischen Systemen zu erhöhen. Die parametrische Zündung ist in einer programmierbaren Zündelektronik umgesetzt, um verschiedenartige EED individuell anzusteuern.The invention is characterized by the following aspects: The parametric ignition is carried out by an ignition capacitor and not by a battery or voltage source, or is impressed by external electromagnetic interference fields. The parameters are determined in such a way that a desired temperature characteristic is simulated when heating the EED bridge wire with the aim of increasing the reliability of EED ignition in tactical systems. The parametric ignition is implemented in programmable ignition electronics in order to individually control different types of EED.
Grundidee ist also die gezielte Beaufschlagung von EED mit aperiodischen Energiepulsen zur Parametrisierung der Temperaturanstiegszeit in taktischen Zündsystemen. Das Ziel ist die Erhöhung der Zuverlässigkeit (Reliability) von Kondensatorzündungen in taktischen Systemen durch Parametrisierung der Temperaturanstiegszeit unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Geometrie- und Materialdaten von EED-Brückendraht und verwendeter Pyrotechnik.The basic idea is the targeted loading of EED with aperiodic energy pulses to parameterize the temperature rise time in tactical ignition systems. The aim is to increase the reliability of capacitor ignitions in tactical systems by parameterizing the temperature rise time, taking into account the individual geometry and material data of the EED bridge wire and the pyrotechnics used.
Weitere Merkmale, Wirkungen und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung sowie der beigefügten Figuren. Dabei zeigen, jeweils in einer schematischen Prinzipskizze:
Figur 1- ein erfindungsgemäßes elektrisch initiiertes Anzünd- und Zündmittel,
Figur 2- ein Schaltungsprinzip einer parametrischen Zündung von EED mit PWM,
Figur 3- eine Definition einer PWM-Sequenz,
Figur 4- ein Beispiel einer PWM-Sequenz mit neun Einzelpulsen,
Figur 5- ein Beispiel eines Zündstroms mit der PWM-Sequenz,
Figur 6- ein Beispiel eines Verlaufs der Temperatur einer EED-Zündbrücke über der Zeit mit der PWM-Sequenz.
- figure 1
- an electrically initiated ignition and detonating agent according to the invention,
- figure 2
- a circuit principle of a parametric ignition of EED with PWM,
- figure 3
- a definition of a PWM sequence,
- figure 4
- an example of a PWM sequence with nine single pulses,
- figure 5
- an example of an ignition current with the PWM sequence,
- figure 6
- an example of a course of the temperature of an EED firing bridge over time with the PWM sequence.
Die Wärme 12 erwärmt dabei im Wesentlichen nur eine in der Figur schraffiert angedeutete Randschicht 14 des Pyrotechnikums 4, um dessen Umsetzung einzuleiten. Die Randschicht 14 ist der Zündbrücke 8 unmittelbar benachbarte bzw. umgibt diese.The heat 12 heats essentially only an edge layer 14 of the
Die Versorgungseinheit 16 ist dazu eingerichtet, die elektrische Energie 9 für die Erzeugung der Wärme 12 in Form von mindestens zwei Energiepulsen 18 bereitzustellen, die zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend an die Zündbrücke 8 gesendet werden. Zwischen je zwei Energiepulsen 18 liegt eine Pause, in der keine Energie an die Zündbrücke 8 geliefert wird. Im Beispiel werden insgesamt neun Energiepulse 18 (siehe
Die Aufteilung der vom Energiespeicher 11 bereitgestellten Energie in Energiepulse 18 erfolgt anhand eines PWM-Programms 20. Im PWM-Programm 20 sind sowohl die Pulsdauer tON (k) der Energiepulse 18 (k ist die Nummer des Energiepulses, hier k=1 ... 9) als auch die Pausendauern tOFF (k) der Pausen zwischen jeweils zwei Energiepulsen 18 frei programmierbar bzw. wählbar.The energy provided by the
Zur konkreten Erzeugung der Energiepulse 18 enthält die Versorgungseinheit 16 einen steuerbaren elektrischen Schalter 22, der schaltungstechnisch zwischen den Energiespeicher 11 und die Zündbrücke 8 geschaltet ist, was hier nur symbolisch gestrichelt angedeutet ist. Der Schalter 22 schließt oder öffnet somit einen hier nicht vollständig dargestellten Stromkreis zwischen Energiespeicher 11 und Zündbrücke 8 bzw. versorgt die Zündbrücke 8 mit Strom/Spannung oder nicht.For the concrete generation of the energy pulses 18, the supply unit 16 contains a controllable
Die Versorgungseinheit 16 enthält außerdem eine Steuereinrichtung 24 zur Betätigung (Öffnen oder Schließen) des Schalters 22. Die Steuereinrichtung 24 arbeitet dabei gemäß dem PWM Programm 20. Mit anderen Worten wird vermittels der Steuereinrichtung 24 der Schalter 22 während einer jeweiligen Pulsdauer tON (k) geschlossen und während einer jeweiligen Pausendauer tOFF (k) geöffnet. Die jeweiligen Pulsdauern tON (k) und Pausendauern tOFF (k) im PWM-Programm 20 sind frei wählbar und stellen somit Parameter für die Erzeugung der Wärme 12 an der Zündbrücke 8 und somit für die - damit parametrische - Zündung des Pyrotechnikums 4 dar.The supply unit 16 also contains a
In der Versorgungseinheit 16 ist das PWM Programm 20 austauschbar bzw. programmierbar bzw. änderbar, um die Versorgungseinheit 16 an verschiedene EEDs 2, in der die Versorgungseinheit 16 verwendet werden soll, anzupassen. So können Anpassungen an verschiedene Zündbrücken 8 und/oder Pyrotechnika 4 z. B. hinsichtlich Geometrie, Materialien, Zusammenstellung etc. durch einfache Anpassungen des PWM-Programms 20 erfolgen.In the supply unit 16, the PWM program 20 can be exchanged or programmed or changed in order to adapt the supply unit 16 to
Vor Beginn der Zündung des EED 2, also vor Beginn des ersten (k=1) Energiepulses 18 wird der Energiespeicher 11 aus einer Ladespannung VDC über einen Ladewiderstand RLade durch Schließen eines Schalters S1 für eine Zeitdauer tLade aufgeladen. Die Schalter 22 und S1 sind hier elektronische Schalter.Before the start of the ignition of the
Brückenwiderstand REED entladen. Die Ansteuerung des Schalters 22 erfolgt über eine Pulsweitenmodulation PWM bzw. die PWM-Sequenz tPWM.Discharge bridge resistor REED. The
"Unendlich" im Energiepuls 18 der Nummer k=9 bedeutet, dass der Schalter 22 beim neunten Energiepuls 18 nie mehr geöffnet wird, sondern dauerhaft geschlossen bleibt (bis zur Umsetzung des Pyrotechnikums 4, die dann mit der Zerstörung / Auflösung der gesamten Versorgungseinheit 16 bzw. des gesamten EED 2 einhergeht). Eine Pause zum Puls k=9 existiert daher nicht."Infinite" in the energy pulse 18 of the number k=9 means that the
Bei der Festlegung des PWM-Programms 20 wurden dabei sowohl Geometrie- als auch Material-, Wärme- und Zündeigenschaften der Zündbrücke 8 sowie des Pyrotechnikums 4 berücksichtigt.When defining the PWM program 20, the geometry as well as the material, heat and ignition properties of the
- 22
- Anzünd- und Zündmittel / EEDIgniters and detonators / EED
- 44
- Pyrotechnikumpyrotechnics
- 66
- Zündeinheitignition unit
- 88th
- Zündbrückeignition bridge
- 99
- Energieenergy
- 1010
- Zündvorrichtungignition device
- 1111
- Energiespeicherenergy storage
- 1212
- Wärmewarmth
- 1414
- Randschichtedge layer
- 1616
- Versorgungseinheitsupply unit
- 1818
- Energiepulsenergy pulse
- 2020
- PWM-ProgrammPWM program
- 2222
- SchalterSwitch
- 2424
- Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
- 2626
- Verlauf (tatsächlich)course (actual)
- 2828
- Kennliniecurve
- tONvolume
- Pulsdauerpulse duration
- tOFFtoOFF
- Pausendauerpause duration
- II
- StromElectricity
- CC
- Zündkondensatorignition capacitor
- tPMWtPMW
- PWM-SequenzPWM sequence
- VDCvdc
- Ladespannungcharging voltage
- RLadeRLoad
- Ladewiderstandload resistance
- REEDREED
- Brückenwiderstandbridge resistance
- S1S1
- SchalterSwitch
- TPTP
- Periodendauerperiod duration
- TATA
- Anstiegszeitrise time
- TT
- Temperaturtemperature
- tLadetLoad
- Zeitdauerduration
Claims (15)
- Ignition device (10) for igniting a pyrotechnic device (4) of an electrically initiated priming and ignition apparatus (2),- with an electrically operated ignition bridge (8) for heating the pyrotechnic device (4),- with a supply unit (16) for supplying the ignition bridge (8) with electrical energy (9) for the generation of heat (12) in the ignition bridge (8),- wherein the supply unit (16) is configured to provide the energy (9) in the form of at least two energy pulses (18) by means of a PWM program (20),- where the pulse durations (tON) of the energy pulses (18) and the pause durations (tOFF) of the pauses between two consecutive energy pulses (18) are freely programmable.
- Ignition device (10) according to Claim 1
characterized in that
the supply unit (16) contains a controllable switch (22) for the electrical connection of the ignition bridge (8) to an energy storage device (11), and a control device (24) for operating the switch (22) using the PWM program (20) to generate the energy pulses (18). - Ignition device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the PWM programme (20) is set up so that an actual variation (26) of the temperature (T) against time (t), which corresponds to a predefinable characteristic curve (28), is set up at the ignition bridge (8) during operation of the ignition device (10) as intended. - Ignition device (10) according to Claim 3,
characterized in that,
the PWM program (20) is set up to simulate the characteristic curve (28) taking into account the geometric and/or material properties and/or the thermal and/or ignition properties of the ignition bridge (8) and of an intended pyrotechnic device (4). - Ignition device (10) according to any one of Claims 3 to 4,
characterized in that
the PWM program (20) is set up to simulate a characteristic curve (28) which is chosen in such a way that during operation as intended at least premature melting of the ignition bridge (8) due to temperature overload is excluded. - Ignition device (10) according to any one of Claims 3 to 5 in conjunction with Claim 2,
characterized in that
the PWM program (20) is set up to simulate a characteristic curve (28) which is selected in such a way that during operation as intended with the available energy (9) in the intended energy storage device (11) maximum heat (12) is introduced into an edge layer (14) of an intended pyrotechnic device (4) at the ignition bridge (8). - Ignition device (10) according to any one of Claims 3 to 6,
characterized in that
the PWM program (20) is set up to simulate a characteristic curve (28) which is selected in such a way that a desired rise time (TA) of the temperature (T) is specified. - Ignition device (10) according to any one of Claims 3 to 7,
characterized in that
for an individual intended priming and ignition apparatus (2) with a respective assigned desired characteristic curve (28) an associated PWM program (20) can be introduced into the supply unit (16). - Ignition device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the PWM program is set up to generate an aperiodic sequence of energy pulses (18) during operation as intended. - Ignition device (10) according to Claim 9,
characterized in that,
the PWM program (20) is set up to generate energy pulses during operation as intended with respective pulse durations (tON) which become longer with increasing time and/or to generate pauses between two consecutive energy pulses which become shorter with increasing time. - Ignition unit (6), with an ignition device (10) according to any one of Claims 2 to 10 and with the energy storage device (11).
- Ignition unit (6) according to Claim 11,
characterized in that,
the energy storage device (11) is a capacitor (C). - Electrically initiated priming and ignition apparatus (2), with an ignition device (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 10 or with an ignition unit (6) according to any one of Claims 11 to 12, and with the pyrotechnic device (4).
- Method for igniting a pyrotechnic device (4) of an electrically initiated priming and ignition apparatus (2), with which- the pyrotechnic device (4) is heated with an electrically operated ignition bridge (8), wherein- the ignition bridge (8) is supplied with electrical energy (9) to generate heat (12) in the ignition bridge (8),- wherein the energy (9) is provided in the form of at least two energy pulses (18) by means of a PWM program (20),- wherein the pulse durations (tOFF) of the energy pulses (18) and the pause durations (tOFF) between two consecutive energy pulses (18) can be freely programmed.
- Method according to Claim 14,
characterized in that
it is carried out on an electrically initiated priming and ignition apparatus (2) according to Claim 13.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021001306.9A DE102021001306A1 (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | EED parametric ignition with PWM control |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4056944A1 EP4056944A1 (en) | 2022-09-14 |
EP4056944B1 true EP4056944B1 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
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EP22160277.4A Active EP4056944B1 (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2022-03-04 | Parametric ignition of eed by means of a pwm controller |
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EP (1) | EP4056944B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102021001306A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2955518T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE062846T2 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3925594A1 (en) | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD |
DE3919376C2 (en) | 1989-06-14 | 1993-11-04 | Daimler Benz Ag | IGNITION DEVICE FOR AN occupant protection device in a vehicle |
DE19536573C1 (en) | 1995-07-17 | 1996-11-14 | Siemens Ag | System for releasing retention device in road vehicle |
US5898122A (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 1999-04-27 | Motorola, Inc. | Squib ignitor circuit and method thereof |
US7493859B2 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2009-02-24 | David Wayne Russell | System and method for zero latency distributed processing of timed pyrotechnic events |
US11309880B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2022-04-19 | The Boeing Company | High-performance current-limited pyrotechnic initiator drive circuits |
CN111023923A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | Magnetoelectric detonator detonation control circuit |
-
2021
- 2021-03-11 DE DE102021001306.9A patent/DE102021001306A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-03-04 HU HUE22160277A patent/HUE062846T2/en unknown
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DE102021001306A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 |
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