EP4054876A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum laden eines elektrisch angetriebenen fahrzeugs - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum laden eines elektrisch angetriebenen fahrzeugsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4054876A1 EP4054876A1 EP20799700.8A EP20799700A EP4054876A1 EP 4054876 A1 EP4054876 A1 EP 4054876A1 EP 20799700 A EP20799700 A EP 20799700A EP 4054876 A1 EP4054876 A1 EP 4054876A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- charging
- vehicle
- current
- interface
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
- H02J7/62—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overcurrent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
- H02J7/65—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overtemperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/933—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/971—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/975—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2105/30—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles
- H02J2105/33—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles
- H02J2105/37—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/40—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/40—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data
- H02J7/42—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data with electronic devices having internal batteries, e.g. mobile phones
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a corresponding device for charging an electrically powered vehicle.
- the components require a sufficiently dimensioned cable cross-section in order to achieve a low electrical resistance and to limit the heating during fast charging within acceptable values.
- a charging socket of the vehicle and a charging plug of a charger form a plugged-in interface in the current path.
- changes to the surfaces of the charging socket and the charging plug can result in contact resistance at the interface, which during fast charging can lead to greater heating of the interface than in the rest of the current path.
- the temperatures of the charging socket and the charging plug can be monitored and, if a certain temperature threshold is exceeded, the charging power can be reduced, i.e. the current flow can be limited.
- One object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a corresponding device for charging an electrically driven vehicle using means that are as simple as possible in terms of construction.
- a method for charging an electrically powered vehicle is presented, a maximum charging current of a charging process for charging the vehicle being predetermined before the start of the charging process based on an electrical resistance of at least one interface component of an interface between a charger and the vehicle, which was determined during at least one previous charging process .
- Charging the vehicle can be understood to mean charging a traction battery of the vehicle.
- a detachable interface can be arranged between a charger and the traction battery.
- a charging socket and a charging plug can be interface components. The interface components can be plugged together and detached again.
- the interface components can have multiple connectors.
- a charging cable can be arranged between the charger and the vehicle.
- the charging cable can have at least one feed line and one return line for transmitting electrical energy.
- the charging cable can also have data lines and signal lines. The lines can be connected in an electrically conductive manner at the interface and then separated again.
- the charging cable can be part of the charger and plugged into the vehicle via the interface.
- the charging cable can also be plugged in via a first interface on the vehicle and via a second interface on the charger. At least two interfaces are then arranged between the charger and the traction battery.
- the approach presented here can be applied to anyone any interface can be used.
- the charger can be designed, for example, as a wallbox or as
- a charging process can be a period of time in which the interface components are connected to one another and a charging current flows via the forward line and the return line.
- the charging current is an electrical current flow for transferring electrical power from the charger to the traction battery or charging electronics for the traction battery.
- a maximum charging current can be a preset maximum value for the charging current. The maximum charging current limits the maximum possible transmitted power. An actual charging current can be less than the maximum charging current.
- the maximum charging current can also be predetermined if the electrical resistance of only one of the interface components is known.
- a vehicle that uses the approach presented here can also be charged on a conventional charger.
- a conventional vehicle can be charged on a charger that uses the approach presented here.
- the maximum charging current can be predetermined based on the resistance of at least one interface component of the charger and the resistance of at least one interface component of the vehicle. If the interface is arranged between the cable and the vehicle, the maximum charging current can be predetermined based on the resistance of at least one interface component of the cable and the resistance of at least one interface component of the vehicle. If the interface is arranged between the cable and the charger, the maximum charging current can be predetermined based on the resistance of at least one interface component of the cable and the resistance of at least one interface component of the charger. The maximum charging current can be predetermined based on the two different resistances of the interconnected interface components. Since the vehicle can be charged on different charging devices, different maximum charging currents can also be predetermined on the different charging devices. Likewise, different vehicles can be charged on the same charger and different maximum charging currents can be predetermined for different vehicles on the same charger. By using the resistors of both Interface components, the maximum charging current can be predetermined with increased accuracy.
- Resistance determination for determining the current electrical resistance of the interface can be carried out during the current charging process using a current temperature of the interface and a current charging current via the interface.
- the determined resistance can be used for a subsequent charging process.
- the stored resistance value used to limit the charging current can be tracked to aging of the interface or at least one of the interface components.
- the resistance can be determined using a model.
- the model can be based on measurements of the resistance under defined framework conditions.
- the model can use the current temperature of at least one of the interface components and the current charging current as an input variable and provide the estimated electrical resistance as an output variable.
- the resistance of the interface can be determined using a vehicle resistance value provided by the vehicle and representing an estimated electrical resistance of an interface component of the vehicle and a charger resistance value provided by the charger and representing an estimated electrical resistance of an interface component of the charger. Resistance values can be saved from charge to charge. The estimated resistances of the interface components can be added. A different maximum charging current can be predetermined by changing partners at the interface.
- the current electrical resistance of the interface component of the vehicle can be estimated using the current electrical resistance of the interface and the charger resistance value stored in the charger from the previous charging process.
- the current electrical resistance of the vehicle's interface component can be estimated in the charger. All the necessary values are available in the charger.
- the current electrical resistance of the interface component of the vehicle can be mapped in an updated vehicle resistance value and made available to the vehicle by the charger.
- the vehicle resistance value can be provided via the interface.
- the vehicle resistance value can also be via a other communication channels can be provided.
- the vehicle resistance value stored in the vehicle can be updated using the estimated electrical resistance of the interface component of the vehicle during the current charging process.
- the current electrical resistance of the interface component of the charger can be estimated using the current electrical resistance of the interface and the vehicle resistance value stored in the vehicle from the previous charging process.
- the current electrical resistance of the charger's interface components can be estimated in the vehicle. All the necessary values are available in the vehicle.
- the current electrical resistance of the interface component of the charger can be mapped in an updated charger resistance value and made available to the charger by the vehicle.
- the charger resistance value can be provided via the interface.
- the charger resistance value can also be provided via another communication channel.
- the charger resistance value stored in the charger can be updated using the estimated electrical resistance of the charger's interface component during the current charging process.
- the method can be implemented, for example, in software or hardware or in a mixed form of software and hardware, for example in a control device.
- the approach presented here also creates a control device which is designed to carry out, control or implement the steps of a variant of the method presented here in corresponding devices.
- the control device can be an electrical device with at least one computing unit for processing signals or data, at least one memory unit for storing signals or data, and at least one interface and / or one communication interface for reading in or outputting data that are embedded in a communication protocol, be.
- the computing unit can be, for example, a signal processor, a so-called system ASIC or a microcontroller for processing sensor signals and outputting data signals as a function of the sensor signals.
- the storage unit can be, for example, a flash memory, an EPROM or a magnetic storage unit.
- the interface can be used as a Sensor interface for reading in the sensor signals from a sensor and / or as an actuator interface for outputting the data signals and / or control signals to an actuator.
- the communication interface can be designed to read in or output the data wirelessly and / or wired.
- the interfaces can also be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller alongside other software modules.
- a computer program product or computer program with program code which can be stored on a machine-readable carrier or storage medium such as a semiconductor memory, a hard disk or an optical memory, and for performing, implementing and / or controlling the steps of the method according to one of the embodiments described above is also advantageous is used, especially when the program product or program is executed on a computer or device.
- FIG. 1 shows an illustration of an interface between a first interface component and a second interface component
- FIG. 2 shows an illustration of a charging process using a method according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIGS. 1-2 are retained as a reference in the following description.
- FIG. 1 shows an illustration of an interface 100 between a first interface component 102 and a second interface component 104 of the interface 100.
- the interface 100 is arranged in a line 106 between two subscribers A, B of a charging process.
- Subscriber A can, for example, be a charger 108 and subscriber B can be a traction battery of a vehicle 110.
- subscriber A can be the action battery of vehicle 110 and subscriber B can be charger 108.
- Each participant A, B has a control device (not shown here) for controlling the charging process.
- the control devices are designed to exchange data with one another and to predetermine a maximum charging current I MAX via the interface 100 before the start of the charging process as a function of an aging condition of the interface components 102, 104.
- the interface components 102, 104 are designed as plug connectors.
- the first interface component 102 is designed as a socket, for example, while the second interface component 104 is designed as a plug.
- only one line 106 of the interface 100 is shown here.
- the interface 100 can have several further lines 106. At least the interface 100 can have an outgoing line and a return line for transmitting an electrical charging power for charging the traction battery.
- An electrical current flow I A / B through the line 106 flows via a contact surface 112 between the interface components 102, 104. Due to a transition resistance R K on the contact surface 112, an electrical voltage U K drops on the contact surface 112 and the contact surface 112 heats up a resulting power loss P V. For example, a different electrical voltage U A , U B can be measured at each of the participants A, B. The electrical current flow I A / B to participants A, B remains the same. The electrical current flow I A / B can be measured separately at both participants A, B. Due to measurement inaccuracies, slightly different values result for the electrical current flow I A / B via the interface 100. The interface components 102, 104 are temperature monitored.
- a first temperature value T A is recorded at the first interface component 102.
- a second temperature value T B is recorded at the second interface component 104. Since the temperature values T A , T B are not measured directly at the contact surface 112, a temperature T K of the contact surface 112 can deviate from the temperature values T A , T B.
- the contact resistance R K and the power loss P V can be calculated using the present measured values.
- the contact resistance R K is dependent on a state of the contact surface 112.
- the state of the contact surface 112 is in turn determined by the states of the surfaces of the interface components 102, 104 that form the contact surface 112.
- the surfaces can age due to environmental influences and, for example, be at least partially covered by oxide layers that have a high electrical resistance.
- a coating of the surfaces that improves the contact resistance R K can be mechanically and / or thermally damaged.
- the coatings can be damaged, for example, if the temperature T K of the contact surface 112 rises above a damage value, at least locally, even for a short time, due to an excessively high electrical current flow I A / B via the interface 100. This excess can only be mapped with a delay by the temperature values T A , T B , as a result of which the coating can already be damaged if the temperature values T A , T B have correspondingly high values.
- the approach presented here can proactively prevent the temperature T K of the contact surface 112 from being exceeded by predetermining the maximum charging current I MAX for the current charging process , taking into account the transition resistance R K determined during a previous charging process.
- FIG. 2 shows an illustration of a charging process 200 using a method according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the method can be used, for example, at an interface as shown in FIG. 1.
- the maximum charging current I MAX of the charging process 200 is used to charge the vehicle 110 before the start of the charging process 200 based on the electrical resistance R A / B determined during at least one previous charging process of at least one interface component A, B between the interface 100 a charger 108 and the vehicle 110 predetermined.
- the previous charging process was ended before the current charging process 200 began.
- the interface 100 has been separated between the previous charging process and the current charging process 200.
- the vehicle 110 may have been moved between charges. In one embodiment, the previous charging process was carried out in combination with another charger or another vehicle.
- the interface 100 is also disconnected between the current charging process 200 and a subsequent charging process.
- the resistance R A / B is composed of an electrical resistance R A of the first interface component A and an electrical resistance R B of the second interface component B.
- the charger 108 provides a charger resistance value R A, n representing the electrical resistance R A of the first interface component A during a previous charging process, while the vehicle 110 provides a vehicle resistance value R representing the electrical resistance R B of the second interface component B during a previous charging process B, m provides.
- the resistance values R A, n , R B, m are combined and the maximum charging current I MAX for the current charging process 200 is predetermined.
- an actual current flow I A and a temperature T A of the first interface component A are recorded in the charger.
- the current resistance R K of the interface during the current charging process 200 is estimated therefrom. Since the charger resistance value R A, n is known, an estimated vehicle resistance value R * B, n representing the estimated electrical resistance R B of the second interface component B during the current charging process 200 can be determined using the current resistance R K.
- an actual current flow I B and a temperature T B of the second interface component B are recorded in the vehicle.
- the current resistance R K of the interface during the current charging process 200 is estimated therefrom. Since the vehicle resistance value R B, m is known, using the current resistance R K a, the estimated electrical resistance R A of the first Interface component A during the current charging process 200 depicting estimated charger resistance value R * A, m can be determined.
- Charger resistance values R * A, m are exchanged during a data exchange 202 and used as estimated values R A, n + 1 , R B, m + 1 using at least one weighting factor to track the stored resistance values R A, n , R B, m .
- the tracked resistance values R A, n , R B, m are sent to a higher-level data processing system. There, using the resistance values R A, n , R B, m, the need to repair the interface components A and / or B can be estimated.
- the resistance values R A, n , R B, m can also be stored in a database, via which, for example, advantageous pairings of vehicles 110 and charging devices 108 can be searched for. For example, it can be avoided that a vehicle 110 with a new interface component B is charged on a charger 108 with a previously damaged interface component A.
- Increasing charging currents in e-vehicles make it necessary to precisely determine the quality of the contact surfaces that are used to transfer the charging current in order to prevent thermal overloading of the plug connection.
- the quality of the contact surfaces determines the contact resistance at the connector pins.
- the temperature of the contacts can be determined and the charging current can be reduced in accordance with the determined temperature.
- the temperature can only be measured with a certain time delay or dead time, the response time to a faulty connection is limited and thermal overload cannot always be ruled out.
- the measured pin temperature and the measured charging current are used to estimate the contact resistance of the current plug connection. This value is continuously updated over the lifetime of the component.
- An exchange of data between the vehicle and the charging station is used to determine signs of aging of the contact elements and thus to determine the proportion of the transition resistance on the vehicle and infrastructure side.
- the current surface quality is determined for each contact element involved in the charging process and the charging strategy is predictively adapted. That is to say, temperature-related derating or a reduction in the maximum charging current does not only take place when overheating is detected, but rather beforehand and thus prevents premature aging of the intact contact element.
- a charging socket can be used, in which a particularly fast and precise temperature measurement is possible.
- the technical implementation of such a temperature measurement is very complex and expensive, especially if a high dynamic of the measurement is to be achieved.
- the inclusion of the measured data of the charging station presented here can reduce the need for such an expensive solution, since aging-related and thus creeping degradation of the contacts is continuously recorded and the charging strategy can be adapted preventively.
- the approach presented here can, for example, be integrated into future high-performance charging infrastructure.
- both parties involved in the charging process exchange the necessary data via communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure.
- the communication can be wired via the interface and alternatively or additionally wirelessly via radio or via the cloud.
- the basis of the method shown here is the determination of contact temperature and charging current both on the vehicle and on the infrastructure side, i.e. at the charging station or wallbox. These values have already been determined with a high degree of accuracy.
- the current measurement in the vehicle is one of the most important parameters to be determined in an e-vehicle.
- the electricity measurement on the infrastructure side is necessary, among other things, for an exact billing of the costs. (Keyword calibration)
- the temperature measurement on both sides is a safety-relevant function in order to prevent overloading at high charging power.
- the independent measurement of the plus and minus pole is specified by the standard.
- control units A and B are therefore available in control units A and B as input for determining the contact surface quality.
- the quality of the contact surface is directly related to the contact resistance at the contact surface between components A and B.
- the transition resistance between the charging contacts of A and B is mapped directly in the temperature measured at the contact.
- the contact resistance R K between the contacts results in a power loss during charging which is directly related to the charging current I A / B.
- thermal equivalent circuit consisting of thermal resistances and capacitances. This can advantageously take place at several points in the overall thermal system. If a sufficiently precisely descriptive thermal equivalent circuit has been created, this model can be used, as in the approach presented here, to infer the applied power loss “backwards” from a temperature curve.
- the charging voltage of the charging station can be compared with the voltage measured in the vehicle.
- the voltage difference multiplied by the charging current gives exactly the power loss, however, for example, line resistances are also measured in this case, so that this voltage measurement cannot be used solely for calculating the power loss at the plug contact.
- the contact resistance is made up of surface-specific components for the individual contacts.
- R K R A + R B
- the control unit in A determines the total contact resistance determined by A via the current I A and the temperature T A. This is made up of the current deposited portion R A, 0 and the estimated portion R * B, 0 together.
- A transmits the estimated share to charging partner B and in return receives the estimated value R * A, 0 for its own share.
- This process can be referred to as “voting”, as the charging partners coordinate and evaluate each other.
- the estimated value R * A, 0 is now used by A to update its internally stored resistance component , which results in the new value R A, 1.
- R A, 1 R A, 0 + k * R * A, 0
- the factor k serves to normalize and weight the estimated resistance component. Since the quality of the current and temperature measurement vary with different charging partners and thus the accuracy of the estimated resistance component can also fluctuate, this estimated value is not accepted without further evaluation. For example, the actual electrical resistance value is not used, but a comparable substitute value, which normalizes the surface quality of the charging contact.
- B performs the same procedure so that both participants have updated their estimated resistance fraction after charging. With changing charging partners, this procedure means that the participants learn from each other and can determine their own resistance component with increasing accuracy.
- a public quick-charging station can be assumed here, which is used daily by different vehicles. An aging-related deterioration in the quality of the contact surface is thus successively stored in the charging station.
- the proportions can be falsified, since aging of A would lead to an even distribution of the increasing contact resistance between both participants if the contact quality of B remained the same. This is due to the fact that each participant assumes their own contact quality from the previous charging process as the current value. However, if this has decreased since the last charging process, i.e. if the proportion of the transition resistance has increased, this is directly entered as an error in the voting and the partner's own increase in resistance is attributed to the partner.
- the procedure thus represents a possibility for each charging contact, for which the temperature and the current can be specifically determined, e.g. DC + and DC- for direct current charging, to determine the aging phenomena of the respective contact surface over the service life.
- the temperature at the contact point can already be significantly higher and thermally induced aging of the contact elements may have occurred.
- the reactive charging strategy could not prevent damage / unnecessary aging of the charging contacts.
- the method offers a suitable input for predictive maintenance approaches, in which the charging contacts of a charging station can be exchanged before they can lead to thermal overloads.
- R B second electrical resistance R A, n charger resistance value R B, n vehicle resistance value
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019129799.0A DE102019129799B4 (de) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum laden eines elektrisch angetriebenen fahrzeugs |
| PCT/EP2020/080500 WO2021089421A1 (de) | 2019-11-05 | 2020-10-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum laden eines elektrisch angetriebenen fahrzeugs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4054876A1 true EP4054876A1 (de) | 2022-09-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP20799700.8A Pending EP4054876A1 (de) | 2019-11-05 | 2020-10-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum laden eines elektrisch angetriebenen fahrzeugs |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220258636A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4054876A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114555404B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019129799B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021089421A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021112750A1 (de) | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-17 | Webasto SE | Ladekabel, Ladestation Ladesystem und Verfahren zum Laden einer Traktionsbatterie eines Elektrofahrzeuges |
| DE102021117089A1 (de) | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-05 | Webasto SE | Ladekabel, Ladestation, Ladesystem und Verfahren zur Übertragung eines Ladestromes von einer Ladestation an eine Traktionsbatterie |
| CN116278908B (zh) * | 2023-02-14 | 2025-09-05 | 中天集团上海超导技术有限公司 | 电动汽车安全充电方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20090167537A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Feliss Norbert A | Minimizing electrical outlet safety failures due to over temperature condition |
| DE102009034886A1 (de) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-03 | Rwe Ag | Ladekabelstecker zur Verbindung eines Elektrofahrzeuges mit einer Ladestation |
| JP5496612B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-11 | 2014-05-21 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電池の充放電可能電流演算方法及び電源装置並びにこれを備える車両 |
| GB2489988B (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-06-25 | Nissan Motor Mfg Uk Ltd | Improvements in electrical connections |
| WO2014015907A1 (de) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum schutz eines ladekabels und ladeeinrichtung |
| US9190856B2 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2015-11-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Systems and methods for charging multiple vehicle rechargeable energy storage systems |
| EP2865558B1 (de) * | 2013-10-24 | 2016-12-28 | Volvo Car Corporation | Verfahren und System zur Ladesteuerung einer Energiespeichervorrichtung |
| US20160020618A1 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fast Charge Algorithms for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| DE102014016825B4 (de) * | 2014-11-13 | 2023-06-29 | Audi Ag | Kraftfahrzeug-Ladedose mit Überhitzungsschutz |
| KR101846642B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-02 | 2018-04-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차 전지의 저항 팩터 결정 방법, 상기 저항 팩터를 이용한 충전 출력 추정 장치 및 방법 |
| US10137797B2 (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-11-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Battery state of charge estimation based on current pulse duration |
| US10207596B2 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2019-02-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Adaptive identification of the wiring resistance in a traction battery |
| DE102015226223A1 (de) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überprüfung eines Ladekabels |
| DE102017209450A1 (de) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Temperatur einer Lade-Schnittstelle eines Fahrzeugs |
| US11498446B2 (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2022-11-15 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Plug-in charge current management for battery model-based online learning |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114555404B (zh) | 2025-07-15 |
| WO2021089421A1 (de) | 2021-05-14 |
| US20220258636A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
| DE102019129799A1 (de) | 2021-05-06 |
| CN114555404A (zh) | 2022-05-27 |
| DE102019129799B4 (de) | 2026-01-08 |
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