Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
  • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
  • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
  • H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
  • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
  • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
  • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
  • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electrical heating device for mobile applications according to claim 1 and to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising an electrical heating device.
• WO 2013/186106 A1 describes an electrical heating device for a motor vehicle with a heating resistor designed as a conductor track on a substrate.
• the conductor track is bifilar and a widened insulation area is provided in the area of a conductor track deflection in the opposite direction.
• the widened insulation area is intended to cause a current to flow through the full width of the conductor track as far as possible in order to avoid areas with particularly good flow locally on the inside and poorly perfused areas in the outer edge area of the conductor track.
• a comparatively greatly increased temperature can still set in the area of the conductor path deflection.
• an electrical heating device in particular for mobile applications, preferably for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with: a (in particular electrically insulating and / or at least electrically insulated with respect to the heat conductor layer) substrate and one on the substrate (in particular in a main plane) formed (electrically conductive) heat conductor layer, wherein the Heating conductor layer is interrupted (in particular completely) by at least one first separating interruption, the first separating interruption at least a first (electrically conductive) and a second (electrically conductive; in particular next to one another, preferably at least substantially the same height as compared to the substrate) layer section of the heating conductor layer separates from one another, the first layer section being connected at a first end to a first (electrical) connection or pole, for example plus pole (electrically conductive), and the second layer section being connected at a first end to a second (electrical) connection or pole , for example minus pole (electrically conductive), the first layer section being connected at a second
• a core idea of the invention is to separate at least two layer sections of a heating conductor layer from one another by a (first) separation interruption and to interconnect or electrically connect (contact) them in such a way that a current flows over the at least two layer sections (in particular in series) and heating can take place.
• the manufacturing and, in particular, the structuring effort can be comparatively low.
• the temperature (during operation) in the area of deflections can be comparatively moderate or not significantly increased (compared to other areas). Overall, an effectively and reliably working heating device is achieved in a simple manner.
• a disconnection interruption is to be understood in particular as an interruption that prevents or at least reduces a current flow (directly or via the disconnection interruption) between corresponding areas or sections that are separated from one another.
• the separation interruption is preferably designed to be insulating or has a correspondingly high resistance.
• An electric conductivity of the (respective) separator interruption is preferably less than 10 6 Surr 1, more preferably less than 10 3 Surr 1, more preferably less than IO 1 Surr 1, more preferably less than 10 4 Surr 1, more preferably less than 10 6 STP -1 (at 20 ° C).
• an electrical conductivity of the (respective) separation interruption is preferably less than an electrical conductivity of the respective separated sections, in particular multiplied by a factor of 0.5; preferably multiplied by the factor 0.1, more preferably multiplied by the factor 0.05 (at 20 ° C.).
• an electrical conductivity of the (respective) separation interruption is preferably less than an electrical conductivity of a / the electrical connection section, in particular connection strips, e.g. copper strips, in particular multiplied by a factor of 0.5; preferably multiplied by the factor 0.1, more preferably multiplied by the factor 0.05 (at 20 ° C.).
• the heating conductor layer is preferably interrupted (in particular completely) by at least one second separating interruption, the second separating interruption separating at least a third of at least one second layer section of the heating conductor layer from one another. Furthermore, the third section is preferably connected at a first end to the first connection or pole, for example positive pole (electrically conductive). Overall, a particularly effective and yet simple structuring can be achieved in this way.
• the third layer section is preferably connected to the second connection (only) via the second layer section.
• the heat conductor layer According to the embodiment, it can be subdivided into exactly two or three, but possibly also into more than three, in particular into more than four or more than five layer sections (by appropriate separation interruptions).
• the first and second layer sections are (at least partially) connected to one another (conductively) by an additional or separate conductor, in particular a wire and / or a conductive (unstructured according to the embodiment) strip (metal strip), wherein the strip can alternatively also be structured .
• a separate conductor is to be understood in particular as a conductor that is structurally separated from the heating conductor layer, in particular is (additionally) attached to and / or on the heating conductor layer and / or has an increased (or reduced) thickness compared to the heating conductor layer.
• a metal strip is particularly preferred, more preferably a copper strip (that is to say a metal strip made of copper or a copper alloy).
• the separate conductor (in particular strip) can extend over at least 50%, possibly at least 80% or (at least almost) 100% of one side of the (entire) heating conductor layer (or even beyond this side).
• a width of the separate conductor (in particular strip) preferably corresponds to a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of an extension of the heating conductor layer in the direction of the width of the separate conductor (strip).
• the separate conductor (in particular a strip) is at least 3 times, preferably at least 5 times as long as it is wide.
• the separate conductor (in particular strip) can (at least essentially) have a rectangular contour and / or have two (in particular parallel) longitudinal sides which extend over at least 50% of the total length of the strip.
• the first and second connection or pole are (at least partially) a second (separate) conductor, in particular a (second) wire and / or a (second) conductive, in particular common and / or through at least one connection disconnection interruption in at least two separate strip sections of divided strips, assigned.
• the second separate conductor can have a contour line like the first separate conductor.
• the second separate conductor differs from the first separate conductor (at least or even only) in that the second separate conductor comprises at least one connection separation interruption (which divides it into at least two strip sections which are electrically separated from one another).
• the second separate conductor can (apart from the connection separating interruption (s)) have a geometry or structure as described with regard to the first separate conductor (even if the first separate conductor is not formed according to such a geometry or an alternative Has geometry). With regard to the choice of material, reference is also made to the first separate conductor with regard to the second separate conductor (even if this does not have the above, optionally proposed choice of material). Overall, a connection for the individual layer sections is made possible in a simple manner by the second separate conductor.
• connection disconnection interruption merges into at least one disconnection interruption (of the heating conductor layer) and / or is aligned with this and / or is arranged on the same line as this.
• each separation interruption (the heating conductor layer) can be assigned a corresponding connection separation interruption of the second separate conductor (strip).
• the first and second connection (pole) are arranged on the same side of the heating conductor layer.
• One side of the heating conductor layer is to be understood in particular as an edge side (that is to say in particular not an upper or lower side, but in particular an edge side in a view from above (top view)).
• the marginal side can be one (or possibly two) shorter sides (alternatively one of possibly two longer sides).
• first and second separate conductors can be arranged on opposite sides (in the sense of the previous paragraph).
• At least one separation interruption runs at least essentially straight.
• An at least substantially straight course is to be understood in particular that the separation interruption runs either over its entire length in the same direction or, if necessary, in (at least slightly) directions deviating from one another, but preferably a maximum deviation (among all pairs of respectively local directions) not greater than 45 °, preferably not greater than 20 °, more preferably not greater than 10 °.
• a direction of the separation interruption should not be 180 ° at any point in relation to at least one other point (or the direction there). Structuring can thereby be carried out in a simple manner.
• the heat conductor layer and / or the first and / or the second and / or the third layer section is / are formed at least substantially rectangular in preferred embodiments.
• Alternative geometries are conceivable (for example circular, elliptical or generally polygonal).
• the heat conductor layer preferably covers at least 80% of a substrate surface, more preferably at least 85% of the substrate surface. In this case, the available substrate surface is used comparatively well and, nevertheless, sufficient separation of the individual web sections from one another is still possible.
• the heat conductor layer can in particular cover less than 95% of the substrate surface.
• An electrically insulating material can be arranged in the separating interruptions.
• the separating interruptions can also be formed by (for example gap-like) free spaces.
• At least one further layer in particular an insulating layer, can be formed on the heat conductor layer.
• the second layer section is wider than the first and / or third layer section, preferably at least 1.2 times as wide, more preferably at least 1.5 times as wide. This is particularly advantageous if the second layer section is formed as a common conductive layer section for two heating circuits (for example, separated from one another in a first layer section and a third layer section). At least two of the present (in particular the first and the second), possibly all of the present (in particular the first, second and third), layer sections can be arranged in one plane, in particular on a common planar surface.
• At least two of the present in particular the first and the second
• possibly all of the present in particular the first, second and third
• layer sections not in one plane for example on a non-planar surface and / or in different planes be arranged (if, for example, four or six layer sections are provided, of which two or three each are arranged on different levels, in particular on different substrates).
• two or more heating circuits are preferably formed.
• the individual heating circuits should preferably differ in that they have at least one layer section (for example a first layer section) that is not assigned to at least one further heating circuit.
• this should not exclude the possibility that a further layer section (for example the second layer section) is contained jointly in two heating circuits.
• the electrical heating device comprises at least two heating circuits, the first layer section being assigned only to the first heating circuit, the third layer section being assigned only to the second heating circuit and the second layer section being assigned to both heating circuits.
• a heating circuit is to be understood in particular as an electrical circuit that extends from a first connection (pole) to a second connection (pole).
• the heating conductor layer preferably runs through at least one separation interruption from a first to a second side (edge side) thereof, in particular completely.
• the sides (edge sides) are preferably opposite (edge) sides.
• the electrical heating device is a motor vehicle heating device.
• a vehicle in particular a motor vehicle, comprising an electrical heating device of the above type.
• the above-mentioned object is in particular further achieved by a method for (the) production of the above electrical heating device.
• At least one separation interruption is preferably produced by laser structuring. Alternatively or additionally, at least one separation interruption can be produced by masking at least one masking section (when applying the heating layer).
• At least one separation interruption can alternatively or additionally be produced by an elongated body, in particular wire, introduced during production (and later removed again).
• the heating layer can be applied by thermal spraying.
• At least one contact pad in particular one comprising copper, can be provided, for example one contact pad per layer section.
• a contact pad is preferably to be understood as meaning a, for example, round and / or oval (in particular elliptical) contact section, which is preferably applied by application from the liquid state, for example dripping (soldering).
• connection strip preferably comprising copper
• connection strip preferably comprising copper
• connection strip preferably comprising copper
• connection strip preferably comprising copper
• connection strip preferably comprising copper
• connection strip preferably comprising copper
• connection strip preferably comprising copper
• contact pad preferably comprising copper
• a heating device for mobile applications is understood to mean a heating device that is designed and adapted accordingly for use in mobile applications. This means in particular that it is transportable (if necessary permanently installed in a vehicle or only housed in it for transport) and is not designed exclusively for permanent, stationary use, as is the case, for example, when heating a building.
• the weight of the heating device can be less than 500 kg, preferably less than 100 kg, even more preferably less than 20 kg.
• the heating device can optionally be permanently installed in a vehicle (land vehicle, ship, etc.), in particular in a land vehicle.
• the heating device can be designed to heat a vehicle interior, such as a land vehicle, watercraft or aircraft, and a (partially) open space such as can be found on ships, in particular yachts, for example.
• the heating device can also be used (temporarily) stationary, for example in large tents, containers (e.g. construction containers), etc.
• the electrical heating device for mobile applications can be designed as a stationary or auxiliary heater for a land vehicle, such as for a caravan, a mobile home, a bus, a car, etc., for example.
• the substrate can have a planar or non-planar (for example curved or curved) surface.
• the layer sections (possibly running next to one another) are separated from one another by separating interruptions preferably arranged at an (at least substantially) uniform height with respect to the substrate surface.
• An electrically insulating material is preferably arranged in the separating interruptions.
• the electrically insulating material can preferably also cover the surface of the heating conductor track or heating conductor tracks facing away from the substrate.
• the electrically insulating material can particularly preferably be deposited as a layer after the heating conductor track or the heating conductor tracks have been formed.
• the electrically insulating material is preferably, on the one hand, electrically (comparatively good) insulating, but on the other hand, thermally (comparatively good) conductive. Due to the electrically insulating material, the width of the insulating interruptions can be kept comparatively small, so that the available surface of the substrate can be used efficiently for the heating conductor track or heating conductor tracks.
• At least one further layer is formed on the heat conductor layer.
• several layers can also be formed on the heat conductor layer.
• An insulating layer can preferably be formed on the heating conductor layer, which if necessary also fills the separating interruptions between the track sections of the heating conductor track.
• a sensor layer for monitoring the function of the electrical heating device can preferably also be formed on the insulating layer.
• a high degree of safety can be provided via the insulating layer in that current-carrying areas are additionally insulated.
• the electrical heating device is a motor vehicle heating device.
• the electrical heating device can in particular be designed to heat a fluid, such as air for an interior of the vehicle or a liquid in a liquid circuit of the vehicle.
• the above-mentioned object is also achieved in particular through the use of an electrical heating device of the type described above for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle.
• the design of the electrical heating device generally also has the advantage that no (or only little) additional space is required on the substrate surface, so that the available space can be used efficiently. Overall, a comparatively simple and inexpensive design is possible.
• the heat conductor layer is preferably a layer deposited flatly on the substrate and optionally then structured with material removal. This enables a comparatively inexpensive production of the heating conductor track or the heating conductor tracks.
• the heating conductor layer can preferably be applied to the substrate by a thermal spray process and then structured (e.g. by laser processing). In principle, however, other processes, such as printing processes, casting processes or the like, are also conceivable for forming the heating conductor layer. Other methods of structuring are also possible, such as, for example, etching, mechanical ablation, ultrasound or the like.
• the heating conductor layer is preferably made from an electrically conductive, in particular metallic, material.
• the heat conductor layer can be separated from the material of the substrate by an interposed, electrically insulating (and possibly thermally highly conductive) intermediate layer.
• the heating conductor layer can be formed from a nickel-chromium alloy, for example, and / or separated from the material of the substrate via an aluminum oxide layer.
• the substrate can preferably have a comparatively good thermal conductivity, in particular be made of a metal.
• the heat conductor layer or the respective layer section can preferably have a thickness (in the direction perpendicular to the substrate) in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, in particular in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
• a width (or extension perpendicular to a direction of the current flow) of a (respective) layer section can be at least 5 mm, preferably at least 25 mm and / or at most 500 mm, possibly at most 100 mm.
• the electrical heating device is a high-voltage heater for an operating voltage in the range of preferably between 150 volts and 900 volts, more preferably between 200 volts and 600 volts Volts.
• the electric heating device can be used particularly advantageously, for example, in an electric or hybrid vehicle (without the need for complex voltage converters).
• a HV + and a HV- potential are preferably separated by structuring (by means of separating interruption (s)).
• a thin layer of copper in particular thermally sprayed) can be applied to the heating conductor layer.
• a heating device with, for example, two heating circuits is conceivable.
• the principle according to the invention can also be applied to heating devices (or heating elements) with more than two heating circuits.
• a temperature in any deflection areas (for example twice) is not necessarily significantly increased.
• the individual tracks (layer sections) can be masked themselves (for example instead of subsequent laser structuring).
• a (possibly complex) laser process can thus be dispensed with.
• heating circuits can be separated from one another during production, for example by a wire.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an electrical according to the invention
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a heating device according to the invention.
• Substrate can be arranged.
• the heat conductor layer 12 is divided by separating interruptions 13, 14 into a first layer section 15, a second layer section 16 and a third layer section 17.
• the separating interruptions 13, 14 separate the corresponding layer sections 15, 16 or 16, 17 (completely) from one another. Overall, however, the layer sections 15 to 17 are not completely separated from one another, but rather connected to one another (electrically conductive) via a metallic strip 18 (copper strip).
• a second strip (connection strip) 19 is arranged opposite the strip 18 (in particular metallic, preferably comprising copper).
• connection strip 19 has connection separating interruptions 20, 21 which continue the separating interruptions 13, 14 (respectively).
• the strip 19 is divided into three strip sections 22, 23, 24.
• the strip sections 23, 24 are in turn connected to one another with a first pole (in particular plus pole).
• the strip section 23 is connected to a second pole (for example minus pole).
• Contact pads (for example comprising copper) 25, 26, 27 are also provided for electrical connection.
• a first heating circuit 36 is formed by the first layer section 15 and the second layer section 16.
• a second heating circuit 37 is formed by the third layer section 17 and the second layer section (common layer section) 16.
• the strip 18 preferably has no interruptions (separating interruptions).
• the strip 18 and / or the strip 19 preferably extend (at least substantially) perpendicular to the layer sections 15, 16, 17.
• a first end 28 of the first layer section 15 is connected to a first connection 29 (or first pole 29, e.g. positive pole, in particular HV +).
• a first end 30 of the third layer section 17 is connected to the first connection (pole) 29.
• a second end 31 of the first section 15 and a second end 32 of the third layer section 17 are each connected (via the strip 18) to a second end 33 of the second layer section 16.
• a first end 34 of the second layer section 16 is connected to a second connection 35 (second pole, for example minus pole, in particular HV-).
• connection 29 does not have to be formed in one piece or connected.

Landscapes

• Resistance Heating (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
• Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=72944173

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 2019
  • 2019-10-22 DE DE102019128467.8A patent/DE102019128467A1/de active Pending
• 2020
  • 2020-10-20 EP EP20793365.6A patent/EP4049511A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-10-20 US US17/770,568 patent/US20220394823A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-10-20 JP JP2022523355A patent/JP2022552736A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2020-10-20 WO PCT/EP2020/079472 patent/WO2021078724A1/de unknown
  • 2020-10-20 CN CN202080074685.8A patent/CN114600554A/zh active Pending

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