EP4046223A1 - Procédé de régulation de la température d'une batterie comprenant un sel de lithium - Google Patents
Procédé de régulation de la température d'une batterie comprenant un sel de lithiumInfo
- Publication number
- EP4046223A1 EP4046223A1 EP20792471.3A EP20792471A EP4046223A1 EP 4046223 A1 EP4046223 A1 EP 4046223A1 EP 20792471 A EP20792471 A EP 20792471A EP 4046223 A1 EP4046223 A1 EP 4046223A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- composition
- ppm
- battery
- transfer composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- TITLE Process for regulating the temperature of a battery comprising a lithium salt
- the present invention relates to a method for regulating the temperature of a battery of a motor vehicle, as well as to an installation suitable for implementing this method.
- the batteries of electric or hybrid vehicles give maximum performance under specific conditions of use and especially in a very specific temperature range.
- Maximum efficiency means high instantaneous available power, high total available capacity, as well as increased battery life.
- the maximum efficiency of a battery not only allows better performance and range of vehicles but also lower energy consumption of vehicles per km.
- the temperature of the battery increases and must always be kept at a temperature below 60 ° C, preferably at a temperature below 40 ° C to avoid premature aging, see destruction drums. At temperatures below 15 ° C, the battery charge decreases due to increased internal resistance. Therefore, while operating a vehicle, the temperature of the battery should be kept between about 15 and 40 ° C. Operation of the battery life below 0 ° C damages the battery cells and consequently results in damage to the battery cells. therefore a significant reduction in the life of the battery unit, so that such a condition should be avoided.
- the heat engine has a circuit for circulating a heat transfer fluid which is used for cooling the engine and also for heating the passenger compartment.
- the circuit comprises in particular a pump and an air heater in which circulates an air flow which recovers the heat stored by the heat transfer fluid in order to heat the passenger compartment.
- a cooling system comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and a fluid capable of change of state (liquid / gas) commonly referred to as refrigerant or heat transfer fluid.
- the compressor directly driven by the vehicle engine using a belt and pulley, compresses the refrigerant, delivering it under high pressure and high temperature to the condenser.
- the condenser thanks to forced ventilation, causes condensation of the gas which arrives in the gaseous state at high pressure and high temperature.
- the condenser liquefies the gas by lowering the temperature of the air passing through it.
- the evaporator is a heat exchanger which takes calories from the air which will be blown into the passenger compartment or from the vehicle battery.
- the regulator makes it possible to regulate the gas inlet flow in the loop via a modification of the passage section depending on the temperature and the pressure at the evaporator.
- the hot air coming from the outside or the battery of the vehicle cools in contact with the evaporator.
- the refrigerant traditionally used in automotive air conditioning is 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a).
- HFC-134a can contribute negatively to the greenhouse effect. This contribution is quantified by a numerical parameter, the GWP (Global Warming Potential).
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- EP 3499634 relates to a thermal management system for a vehicle battery with at least one battery unit.
- WO 2017/143018 relates to refrigerant systems for conditioning air and / or articles located in a dwelling occupied by humans or other animals.
- Document DE 202014010264 relates to a vehicle comprising at least a first compression refrigeration device designed to cool an internal space of the vehicle and comprising a circulating refrigerant, characterized in that the refrigerant is a substance from the family of fluoroketones and / or ( hydro) fluoroolefins and / or (hydro) fluorochlorolefins.
- the invention relates firstly to a method of regulating the temperature of a battery of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle, by means of a system comprising a vapor compression circuit in which circulates a first heat transfer composition. and a secondary circuit in which circulates a second heat transfer composition, the method comprising:
- the battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt composition, said lithium salt composition comprising:
- the first heat transfer composition comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- the first heat transfer composition comprises one or more heat transfer compounds other than 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, these compounds preferably being selected from difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1 , 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1 -difluoroethane, fluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1 -trifluoropropane and mixtures thereof, and more preferably this compound being difluoromethane.
- these compounds preferably being selected from difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1 , 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1 -difluoroethane, fluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1 -trifluor
- the second heat transfer composition comprises one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling point of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroolefins, and combinations thereof.
- the second heat transfer composition is at a substantially uniform pressure in the secondary circuit, said pressure preferably being equal to the saturation pressure of the second composition.
- the battery is maintained at a temperature between a minimum temperature ti and a maximum temperature t2.
- the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 0 ° C and the maximum temperature t2 is less than or equal to 60 ° C, more preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 15 ° C and the temperature maximum fe is less than or equal to 40 ° C, and more preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 16 ° C and the maximum temperature fe is less than or equal to 28 ° C.
- the method is implemented during the charging of the vehicle battery, the vehicle battery preferably being fully charged in a period of less than or equal to 30 min, and preferably less than or equal to 15 min. from its total discharge.
- the second heat transfer composition is in direct contact with the vehicle battery.
- the invention also relates to an installation for regulating the temperature of a battery of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle, comprising:
- the battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt composition, said lithium salt composition comprising:
- the secondary circuit does not include a compressor.
- the circulation of the second heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit is effected by means of a pump, or by gravity, or by capillarity.
- the installation is further suitable for air conditioning the vehicle interior, and / or heating the vehicle interior, and / or cooling electronic components of the vehicle, and / or heating of electronic components of the vehicle.
- the first heat transfer composition comprises one or more heat transfer compounds other than 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, these compounds preferably being selected from difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1 , 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1 -difluoroethane, fluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1 -trifluoropropane and mixtures thereof, and more preferably this compound being difluoromethane.
- these compounds preferably being selected from difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1 , 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1 -difluoroethane, fluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1 -trifluor
- 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is present at a content of about 78.5% by weight in the first composition and difluoromethane is present at a content of about 21.5% by weight. weight in the first composition.
- the present invention makes it possible to meet the need expressed above. It more particularly provides an efficient and secure method of regulating the temperature of a battery of a motor vehicle. It makes it possible, if necessary, to limit or reduce the quantity of flammable products in the vehicle or their proximity to the hottest parts of the vehicle. It also helps preserve battery life.
- the heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit performs. the heat transfers required with the vehicle battery.
- the heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit does not contain flammable heat transfer compound; or this composition is non-flammable.
- HFO-1234yf is used as a heat transfer fluid in the vapor compression circuit
- the use of the secondary circuit makes it possible to limit the extent of the vapor compression circuit and to reduce the quantity of HFO- 1234yf used and / or to prevent the FIFO-1234yf from being near the hottest parts of the vehicle, in particular the vehicle battery, thereby reducing the risk of leakage and fire.
- a secondary circuit facilitates thermal management of the vehicle. More particularly, and if we take electric cars as an example, many heat sources (battery, electrical and electronic circuit, engine) as well as many heating and / or cooling needs (battery, passenger compartment) exist on different levels of heat. temperatures.
- the use of a secondary circuit comprising a heat transfer fluid facilitates the thermal management of this equipment compared to other technologies.
- the use of the secondary circuit also allows a reduction in energy consumption thanks to low pumping power, compared to the use of a single-phase heat transfer fluid.
- the use of the secondary circuit comprising the second heat transfer composition allows weight reduction of the vehicle, by avoiding the use of solid phase change materials to effect heat exchange.
- the second heat transfer composition not containing flammable heat transfer compounds, or being at the very least non-flammable can also serve as an extinguishing agent in the event of overheating of the battery of the heater. vehicle.
- a battery containing an electrolyte as described above has an improved lifespan, and that corrosion of its constituents is reduced or even eliminated; and all the more so since its temperature is regulated by the two-circuit installation described above.
- the electrolyte of the invention has a higher ionic conductivity and therefore the battery tends to heat up less.
- the battery temperature is particularly well controlled.
- Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of an installation according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a heat transfer method for regulating the temperature, namely for cooling and / or for heating a battery of a motor vehicle, implemented by means of a heat transfer installation.
- the facility contains a first and a second heat transfer composition, each heat transfer composition comprising a heat transfer fluid which includes one or more heat transfer compounds.
- heat transfer compound is meant a compound capable of absorbing heat by evaporating and rejecting heat by condensing, in the application in question.
- HFO-1234yf refers to 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HCFO-1233zd refers to
- HFO-1224yd refers to 1 -chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1336mzz refers to
- the motor vehicle is an electric or hybrid vehicle. It comprises at least one electric motor, and where appropriate a heat engine. It thus comprises an electronic circuit and a traction battery, referred to more simply as a battery in the following.
- the battery comprises at least one electrochemical cell, and preferably a plurality of electrochemical cells. Each electrochemical cell has a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- Each electrochemical cell can also include a separator, in which the electrolyte is impregnated.
- the electrochemical cells can be assembled in series and / or in parallel in the battery.
- negative electrode is meant the electrode which acts as an anode when the battery delivers current (that is to say when it is in the process of discharging) and which acts as a cathode when the battery is discharged. is charging.
- the negative electrode typically comprises an electrochemically active material, optionally an electronically conductive material, and optionally a binder.
- positive electrode is meant the electrode which acts as a cathode, when the battery delivers current (that is to say when it is in the process of discharging) and which acts as anode when the battery is discharged. is charging.
- the positive electrode typically comprises an electrochemically active material, optionally an electronically conductive material, and optionally a binder.
- electrochemically active material a material capable of reversibly inserting ions.
- electronically conductive material is understood to mean a material capable of conducting electrons.
- the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell can in particular comprise, as electrochemically active material, graphite, lithium, a lithium alloy, a lithium titanate of the LLTi50i2 type or titanium oxide PO2, silicon or an alloy of lithium and silicon, tin oxide, an intermetallic compound of lithium, or a mixture thereof.
- the negative electrode when it comprises lithium, it may be in the form of a metallic lithium film or an alloy comprising lithium.
- the lithium-based alloys that may be used, mention may be made, for example, of lithium-aluminum alloys, lithium-silica alloys, lithium-tin alloys, Li-Zn, LÎ3BÎ, LhCd and U3SB.
- An example of a negative electrode may include a live lithium film prepared by laminating, between rolls, a lithium strip.
- LiNixCoyAlz 'with x' + y '+ z' 1, abbreviated NCA,
- NMC532 LiNio, 5Mno, 3Coo, 202
- NMC622 LiNio, 6Mno, 2Coo, 202
- NMC811 LiNio, 8Mno, iCoo, i02
- the oxide material described above can optionally be combined with another oxide such as for example: manganese dioxide (MnC> 2), iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, lithium-manganese composite oxides (for example LixMn204 or LixMnC), lithium-nickel composition oxides (for example Li x NiC> 2), lithium-cobalt composition oxides (for example Li x CoC> 2), lithium composite oxides -nickel-cobalt (for example LiNii-yCoyC> 2), composite oxides of lithium and transition metal, composite lithium-manganese-nickel oxides of spinel structure (for example Li x Mn2-yNiy04), oxides of vanadium, oxides NMC and NCA which are not high nickel content, and mixtures thereof.
- MnC> 2 manganese dioxide
- iron oxide iron oxide
- copper oxide for example LixMn204 or LixMnC
- lithium-nickel composition oxides for example Li x NiC> 2
- the NMC or NCA oxide with a high nickel content represents at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, and more preferably still essentially all, of the oxide material present in the positive electrode as an electrochemically active material.
- each electrode can also comprise, in addition to the electrochemically active material, an electronically conductive material such as a carbon source, including, for example, carbon black, Ketjen® carbon, Shawinigan carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers (eg, carbon fibers formed in the gas phase or VGCF), non-powdery carbon obtained by carbonization of an organic precursor, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- a carbon source including, for example, carbon black, Ketjen® carbon, Shawinigan carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers (eg, carbon fibers formed in the gas phase or VGCF), non-powdery carbon obtained by carbonization of an organic precursor, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- Other additives may also be present in the material of the positive electrode, such as lithium salts or inorganic particles such as ceramic or glass, or other compatible active materials (for example, sulfur).
- the material of each electrode can also include a binder.
- binders include linear, branched and / or crosslinked polyether polymeric binders (eg, polymers based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), or poly (propylene oxide) (PPO) or a mixture of the two (or an EO / PO copolymer), and optionally comprising crosslinkable units), water-soluble binders (such as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), NBR (acrylonitrilebutadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated NBR), CHR (epichlorohydrin rubber), ACM (acrylate rubber)), or fluoropolymer type binders (such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), and their combinations.
- Certain binders, such as those soluble in water can also include an additive such as CMC (carboxymethylcellulose).
- the separator can be a porous polymer film.
- the separator can be made of a porous polyolefin film such as ethylene homopolymers, propylene homopolymers, ethylene / butene copolymers, ethylene / hexene copolymers, ethylene / methacrylate copolymers, or multilayer structures of the above polymers.
- the electrolyte present in the battery preferably comprises:
- lithium salt composition being dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of solvents
- the solvent (s) can be chosen from the following non-exhaustive list: ethers, esters, ketones, alcohols, nitriles and carbonates.
- esters mention may be made of phosphoric acid esters or sulfite esters. Mention may be made, for example, of methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, gamma butyrolactone or mixtures thereof.
- ketones mention may in particular be made of cyclohexanone.
- alcohols there may be mentioned, for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol.
- nitriles mention may be made, for example, of acetonitrile, pyruvonitrile, propionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, dimethylaminopropionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, pivalonitrile, isovaleronitrile, glutaronitrile, methoxyglutaronitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylglutaronitrile, adiponitrile and mixtures thereof, malalone, adiponitrile and their mixtures.
- cyclic carbonates such as, for example, ethylene carbonate (EC) (CAS: 96-49-1), propylene carbonate (PC) (CAS: 108-32-7) , butylene carbonate (BC) (CAS: 4437-85-8), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (CAS: 616-38-6), diethyl carbonate (DEC) (CAS: 105-58-8 ), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) (CAS: 623-53-0), diphenyl carbonate (CAS 102-09-0), methyl phenyl carbonate (CAS: 13509-27-8), carbonate dipropyl (DPC) (CAS: 623-96-1), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC) (CAS: 1333-41 -1), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), vinylene (VC) (CAS: 872-36-6), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) (CAS: 114435-02-8
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene
- the additive (s) can be chosen from the group consisting of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-one, pyridazine, vinyl pyridazine, quinoline, vinyl quinoline, butadiene, sebaconitrile, alkyldisulfides, fluorotoluene, 1, 4-dimethoxytetrafluorotoluene, t-butylphenol, di-t-butylphenol, tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane, oximes, epoxides aliphatics, halogenated biphenyls, metacrylic acids, allyl ethyl carbonate, vinyl acetate, divinyl adipate, propanesultone, acrylonitrile, 2-vinylpyridine, maleic anhydride, methyl cinnamate, phosphonates, vinyl containing silane compounds, 2-cyan
- composition of lithium salt conforms to one of the following objects.
- Object 1 Composition comprising:
- the total mass content of CL chlorides, F fluorides and SO4 2 sulphates preferably being less than or equal to 150 ppm.
- the terms “lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide”, “lithium bis (sulfonyl) imide”, “LiFSI”, “LiN (FSC> 2) 2”, are used in an equivalent manner, “Lithium bis (sulfonyl) imide”, or “lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide”.
- Object 2 composition according to object 1, such that [SO4 2 ] + [CI-] + [F-] ⁇ 120 ppm, preferably [SO4 2 ] + [CI-] + [F-] ⁇ 100 ppm, advantageously [SO4 2 ] + [CI-] + [F-] ⁇ 80 ppm, even more advantageously [SO4 2 ] + [CL] + [F j ⁇ 50 ppm, in particular [SO4 2 ] + [CL] + [F -] ⁇ 30 ppm, and for example [SO4 2 -] + [CL] + [F-] ⁇ 20 ppm.
- composition according to object 1 or 2 comprising a mass content of sulphates less than or equal to 100 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, advantageously less than or equal to 30 ppm, even more advantageously less than or equal to 20 ppm, in particular less than or equal to 10 ppm, relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 4 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 3, in which the mass content of sulphates is strictly greater than 0 ppm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 ppm, relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 5 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 4, in which the mass content of sulphates ranges from 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm, preferably from 0.1 ppm to 80 ppm, preferably from 0.1 ppm to 50 ppm, advantageously from 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm, even more advantageously from 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm, and in particular from 0.1 ppm to 5 ppm, relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 6 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 5, in which the mass content of chlorides CL is less than or equal to 18 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 15 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 12 ppm, advantageously less or equal to 10 ppm relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 7 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 6, in which the mass content of chlorides CL is strictly greater than 0, preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 ppm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 ppm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 1 ppm, advantageously greater than or equal to 2 ppm, even more advantageously greater than or equal to 3 ppm, and in particular greater than or equal to 4 ppm relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 8 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 7, in which the mass content of Cl chlorides ranges from 0.1 ppm to less than 20 ppm, preferably from 0.1 ppm to 18 ppm, preferably from 0, 1 ppm to 15 ppm, advantageously from 0.1 ppm to 12 ppm, and in particular from 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 9 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 8, in which the mass content of fluorides F is greater than or equal to 0.1 ppm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 ppm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 ppm, advantageously greater than or equal to 2 ppm, even more advantageously greater than or equal to 3 ppm, and in particular greater than or equal to 4 ppm relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 10 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 9, in which the fluoride content by mass is less than or equal to 100 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 80 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 60 ppm, advantageously less than or equal to 50 ppm, even more advantageously less than or equal to 30 ppm relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 11 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 10, in which the mass content of fluorides F in the composition ranges from 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm, preferably from 0.1 ppm to 80 ppm, preferably from 0 , 1 ppm to 60 ppm, advantageously from 0.1 ppm to 50 ppm, and in particular from 0.1 ppm to 30 ppm relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 12 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 11, comprising less than 200 ppm of K + , preferably less than 150 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, advantageously less than 50 ppm, even more advantageously less than 30 ppm , and in particular less than 10 ppm by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 13 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 12, comprising strictly more than 0 ppm of K + , preferably from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 100 ppm, advantageously from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 50 ppm , even more advantageously from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 30 ppm, and in particular from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 10 ppm by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 14 composition according to any of the objects 1 to 13, in which:
- Object 15 composition according to any of objects 1 to 14, in which:
- Object 16 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 15, comprising less than 200 ppm of water, preferably less than 150 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, advantageously less than 50 ppm, even more advantageously less than 30 ppm , and in particular less than 10 ppm by mass of water relative to the total mass of the composition.
- Object 17 composition according to any one of objects 1 to 16, comprising strictly more than 0 ppm of water, preferably from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 100 ppm, advantageously from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 50 ppm , even more advantageously from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 30 ppm, and in particular from strictly more than 0 ppm to less than 10 ppm by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.
- only the composition of one of the above objects is a possible source of the ions mentioned above in the electrolyte (and optionally only the composition of one of the above objects is a source. possible water in the electrolyte). Therefore, the contents given above apply mutatis mutandis to the electrolyte itself.
- the electrolyte when the electrolyte contains a composition according to object 1, then the mass content of chloride ions Ch in the electrolyte is strictly less than 20 ppm relative to the LiFSI salt; and the total mass content of Ch chlorides, F fluorides and sulphates S04 2 in the electrolyte is preferably less than or equal to 150 ppm relative to the LiFSI salt. And so on if the electrolyte contains a composition according to one of objects 2 to 17.
- composition according to one of the above objects can be obtained by a process for purifying a lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide in solution in an organic solvent S1, said process possibly comprising the following steps: a) liquid-liquid extraction of said salt from the solution containing the organic solvent S1 and the salt, with deionized water to form an aqueous solution of said bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt; a ') optional concentration of said aqueous solution; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide from said aqueous solution (obtained in step a) or step a ')), with an organic solvent S2; c) concentrating the lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide obtained in step b) to form a composition C; d) crystallization of the lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide from composition C; e) optional filtration step, to lead to the
- the sum of the total mass contents of chlorides, sulphates and fluorides is strictly greater than 0 and less than or equal to 500 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 300 ppm, advantageously less than or equal to 200 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of said dry extract ES.
- the dry extract measurement is typically carried out on a Metler Toledo type HR73 thermobalance according to the following steps:
- the disc is then soaked with 1 g of solution to be analyzed and is heated to 110 ° C .;
- the total mass content of chlorides in the above-mentioned composition C is greater than 20 ppm, preferably greater than or equal to 30 ppm, preferably greater than or equal to 50 ppm, advantageously greater than or equal to 100 ppm, for example greater than or equal to 150 ppm.
- composition C is characterized in that the sum of the total mass contents of chlorides, sulphates, fluorides and potassium ion is greater than or equal to 100 ppm, preferably greater than or equal to 150 ppm, advantageously greater than or equal to 180 ppm.
- composition C comprises at least 35% by weight of said dry extract ES, preferably at least 40% by weight, and advantageously at least 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of composition C.
- the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt in solution in organic solvent S1 can be obtained by any known process for preparing said salt, for example as described in WO2015 / 158979 or WO2009 / 1233328.
- LiFSI salt can be obtained either in solid form or in the form of a solution in an organic solvent S1.
- composition according to one of the above objects can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
- step i) step of bringing into contact with an organic solvent S1 in the case where the LiFSI salt obtained in step i) is solid;
- the aforementioned organic solvent S2 can be chosen from the group consisting of esters, nitriles, ethers, chlorinated solvents, aromatic solvents, and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent S2 is chosen from dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, diethyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
- the organic solvent S2 is butyl acetate.
- each of the aforementioned steps a) and b) can be repeated at least once.
- the organic solvent S1 is chosen from the group consisting of esters, nitriles, ethers, chlorinated solvents, aromatic solvents, and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent S1 is chosen from ethers, esters, and mixtures thereof.
- ethers, esters, and mixtures thereof there may be mentioned methyl-t-butyl ether, cyclopentylmethyl ether, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, diethyl ether, and their mixtures.
- the SOI solvent is chosen from methyl-t-butyl ether, cyclopentylmethyl ether, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, and their mixtures, the organic solvent S1 preferably being l butyl acetate.
- Step c) above can be carried out in two stages:
- pre-concentration preferably carried out at a temperature ranging from 25 ° C to 45 ° C, preferably from 30 ° C to 40 ° C
- the pre-concentration step is carried out under reduced pressure, for example a pressure less than or equal to 50 mbar abs, in particular at a pressure less than or equal to 30 mbar abs.
- the pre-concentration step can be carried out by any means allowing concentration, for example using an evaporator.
- the term “residence time” is understood to mean the time which elapses between the entry of the solution of lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (in particular obtained at the end of step b) above) in the evaporator and the exit of the first drop of the solution.
- the temperature of the condenser of the short path thin film evaporator is between -50 ° C and 5 ° C, preferably between -35 ° C and 5 ° C.
- the temperature of the condenser is -5 ° C.
- the short path thin film evaporators according to the invention are also known under the name “Wiped film short path” (WFSP). They are typically called so because the vapors generated during evaporation make a “short trip" (short distance) before being condensed in the condenser.
- WFSP Wiped film short path
- short path thin film evaporators mention may in particular be made of the evaporators marketed by the companies Buss SMS Ganzler ex Luwa AG, UIC Gmbh or VTA Process.
- short path thin film evaporators may have a solvent vapor condenser placed inside the apparatus itself (especially in the center of the apparatus), unlike other types of film evaporators. thin (which are not short-path) in which the condenser is located on the outside of the device.
- the formation of a thin film of product to be distilled on the internal hot wall of the evaporator can typically be ensured by continuous spreading on the evaporation surface using mechanical means. specified below.
- the evaporator can in particular be provided at its center with an axial rotor on which are mounted the mechanical means which allow the formation of the film on the wall.
- These may be rotors equipped with fixed blades: lobed rotors with three or four blades made of flexible or rigid materials, distributed over the entire height of the rotor or else rotors equipped with mobile blades, vanes, wiper brushes, guided wipers.
- the rotor can be constituted by a succession of pivot-articulated vanes mounted on a shaft or axis by means of radial supports.
- Other rotors can be equipped with movable rollers mounted on secondary axes and said rollers are pressed against the wall by centrifugation.
- the speed of rotation of the rotor which depends on the size of the apparatus, can be easily determined by a person skilled in the art.
- the different mobiles can be made of various materials, metallic for example steel, alloy steel (stainless steel), aluminum, or polymeric, for example polytetrafluroethylene PTFE or glass materials (enamel); metallic materials coated with polymeric materials.
- the crystallization step d) can be carried out by bringing the composition obtained at the end of step c) into contact with an organic solvent (“crystallization solvent”) chosen from chlorinated solvents, such as for example dichloromethane, and aromatic solvents, such as, for example, toluene.
- an organic solvent chosen from chlorinated solvents, such as for example dichloromethane, and aromatic solvents, such as, for example, toluene.
- the crystallization is carried out at a temperature less than or equal to 25 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 15 ° C.
- the invention relates to a method of heat transfer, comprising regulating the temperature of the battery of a motor vehicle, in a heat transfer installation.
- the method according to the invention is thus a method for cooling the battery of a vehicle; or a method of heating this battery; or one cooling and heating process (cooling and heating alternating over time, as needed).
- the heat transfer installation comprises a vapor compression circuit which contains a first heat transfer composition (or refrigeration circuit) and a secondary circuit containing a second heat transfer composition (or coolant circuit).
- the vapor compression circuit 1 is coupled with the secondary circuit 2.
- the vapor compression circuit 1 comprises at least a first heat exchanger 3, a expansion valve 4, an intermediate heat exchanger 5 and a compressor 6.
- the first heat exchanger 3 is preferably of the air / refrigerant type, and it allows heat exchange with an energy source such as air from the air. environment.
- the secondary circuit 2 comprises at least one additional heat exchanger 7.
- energy source is meant a solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous body which can absorb or give up calories as required.
- energy sources are exterior air, cabin air, battery and vehicle electronics.
- heat is transferred from the coil to the additional heat exchanger 7.
- this heat transfer causes the evaporation of the second heat transfer composition which circulates in the circuit. secondary 2.
- the second heat transfer composition remains in the liquid state during this heat transfer.
- the second heat transfer composition then goes into the intermediate heat exchanger 5, which can act as the condenser for the secondary circuit 2. Alternatively, the second heat transfer composition remains in the liquid state during heat transfer at the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- the first heat transfer composition is compressed by the compressor 6, it passes through the first heat exchanger 3 acting as a condenser (i.e. transfers calories to a source like the outside air), then the expansion valve 4 where it is expanded, then the intermediate heat exchanger 5 acting as an evaporator for the vapor compression circuit 1. So, in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, heat is transferred from the second heat transfer composition to the first heat transfer composition, optionally causing the condensation of the second heat transfer composition and the evaporation of the first heat transfer composition. The first heat transfer composition then goes again to the compressor 6, while the second heat transfer composition goes to the additional heat exchanger 7, and allows the cooling of the battery.
- the first heat transfer composition goes again to the compressor 6, while the second heat transfer composition goes to the additional heat exchanger 7, and allows the cooling of the battery.
- the installation according to the invention is also suitable for heating the battery, in particular when the outside temperature is low, for example less than 10 ° C, or at 5 ° C, or at 0 ° C, or at -5 ° C, or at -10 ° C, or at -15 ° C, or at -207, or at -25 ° C.
- the invention also covers a method of heating the battery by means of the installation. Battery heating can alternate with battery cooling over time as required.
- the second heat transfer composition then goes into the intermediate heat exchanger 5, which can act as an evaporator for the secondary circuit 2. Alternatively, the second heat transfer composition remains in the liquid state. during heat transfer at the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- the first heat transfer composition is expanded in the expansion valve 4, it passes through the first heat exchanger 3 acting as an evaporator (i.e. absorbs calories from a source like the outside air), then the compressor 6 where it is compressed, then the intermediate heat exchanger 5 playing the role of condenser for the vapor compression circuit 1.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 5 heat is transferred from the first heat transfer composition to the second heat transfer composition, causing the condensation of the first heat transfer composition and optionally the evaporation of the second heat transfer composition.
- the first heat transfer composition then goes again to the expansion valve 4, while the second heat transfer composition goes to the additional heat exchanger 7, and allows heating of the battery.
- the installation according to the invention is suitable for performing one or more phases of cooling the battery alternating with one or more phases of heating the battery.
- the installation according to the invention is also suitable for cooling (air conditioning) of the vehicle interior and / or of the electronic components of the vehicle.
- a heat exchanger dedicated to the exchange of heat with the air in the passenger compartment and / or a heat exchanger dedicated to the exchange of heat with the electronic components, is then present.
- the installation according to the invention is also suitable for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle and / or the electronic components of the vehicle.
- a heat exchanger dedicated to the exchange of heat with the air in the passenger compartment and / or a heat exchanger dedicated to the exchange of heat with the electronic components, is then present.
- the same heat exchanger can perform the function of the intermediate exchanger 5 described above, depending on the mode of operation.
- the same heat exchanger can perform the function of the first heat exchanger 3, depending on the mode of operation.
- Additional exchangers can also be added to ensure the different operating modes.
- a set of pipes and valves can be used to ensure the change of operating mode for each exchanger.
- the vapor compression circuit 1 is reversible and may further include means for reversing its operation.
- the means for reversing the operation of the reversible vapor compression circuit 1 are means for reversing the operation of the vapor compression circuit 1 between a configuration in refrigeration mode and a configuration in heat pump mode.
- the aforementioned inversion means can be means for modifying the path of the first heat transfer composition in the reversible vapor compression circuit 1, or means reversal of the direction of circulation of the first heat transfer composition in said circuit 1.
- the aforementioned reversing means may be a four-way valve, a reversing valve, a shut-off valve, a pressure regulator, or combinations thereof.
- a heat exchanger when reversing the mode of operation of the vapor compression circuit 1, the role of a heat exchanger can be changed: for example, a heat exchanger can play the role of a condenser in a mode refrigeration or the role of an evaporator in a heat pump mode or vice versa.
- the role of a heat exchanger can remain the same.
- the heat exchanger being simply connected to other energy sources, through valves, can absorb or transfer calories depending on its function in the vapor compression circuit 1.
- the first heat transfer composition can flow through vapor compression circuit 1 in a one way direction.
- the first heat transfer composition can flow through the vapor compression circuit 1 in both directions, that is, a first direction and an opposite direction.
- the reversible vapor compression circuit 1 can typically contain pipes, pipes, hoses, tank or others, in which the first heat transfer composition circulates, between the various exchangers, regulators, valves, etc.
- the first heat exchanger 3 can play the role of evaporator or energy recovery (condenser). The same is true for the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- thermoelectric heat exchanger in the vapor compression circuit 1, and in particular cocurrent heat exchangers or, preferably, countercurrent heat exchangers.
- the invention provides a counter-current heat exchanger, either to the first heat exchanger 3, or to the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- the heat transfer compositions described in present application are particularly effective with counter-current heat exchangers.
- both the first heat exchanger 3 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are countercurrent heat exchangers.
- counter-current heat exchanger a heat exchanger in which heat is exchanged between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid at the inlet of the exchanger exchanging. heat with the second fluid at the outlet of the exchanger, and the first fluid at the outlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the inlet of the exchanger.
- countercurrent heat exchangers include devices in which the flow of the first fluid and the flow of the second fluid are in opposite, or nearly opposite, directions. Exchangers operating in cross-current mode with a counter-current tendency are also included among the counter-current heat exchangers within the meaning of the present application.
- the compressor 6 can be hermetic, semi-hermetic or open.
- Hermetic compressors include a motor part and a compression part which are confined in a non-removable hermetic enclosure.
- Semi-hermetic compressors include a motor part and a compression part which are directly assembled against each other. The coupling between the engine part and the compression part is accessible by separating the two parts by disassembly.
- Open compressors have an engine part and a compression part which are separate. They can operate by belt drive or by direct coupling.
- a compressor it is possible to use in particular a dynamic compressor, or a positive displacement compressor.
- Dynamic compressors include axial compressors and centrifugal compressors, which can be single or multi-stage. Mini centrifugal compressors can also be used.
- Positive displacement compressors include rotary compressors and reciprocating compressors.
- Reciprocating compressors include diaphragm compressors and reciprocating compressors.
- Rotary compressors include screw compressors, rotary lobe compressors, scroll (or scroll) compressors, liquid ring compressors, and vane compressors.
- the screw compressors can preferably be twin-screw or single-screw.
- the compressor 6 can be driven by an electric motor or by a gas turbine (for example powered by the exhaust gases of the vehicle) or by gearing.
- the compressor 6 may include a vapor or liquid injection device. Injection consists of introducing refrigerant in the liquid or vapor state into the compressor at an intermediate level between the start and the end of compression.
- the secondary circuit 2 comprises at least one additional heat exchanger 7.
- Each additional heat exchanger 7 can be an exchanger of the fluid / solid type, or of the fluid / fluid type, or of the fluid / air type (for heating or cooling the air, for example the air in the passenger compartment).
- the additional heat exchanger (s) 7 can be cocurrent heat exchangers or, preferably, countercurrent heat exchangers.
- At least one additional heat exchanger 7 can be configured to cool the battery.
- the same additional heat exchanger 7 or other additional heat exchangers 7 can be configured to heat the coil (although it is preferred that a same additional heat exchanger 7 can both cool and heat the coil), or to cool and / or heat the passenger compartment and / or the electronic components of the vehicle.
- the second heat transfer composition is in direct contact with the vehicle battery.
- the vehicle battery is immersed in the second heat transfer composition.
- the corresponding additional heat exchanger 7 is limited to an enclosure containing all or part of the battery, the second heat transfer composition being contained in the enclosure and in contact with the external wall of the battery.
- the second heat transfer composition has a boiling pressure of less than 2 bar at a temperature of 30 ° C. If the boiling pressure of the second heat transfer composition is not low enough, direct contact requires a great deal of effort in the design of the battery housing to withstand the pressure. In this case, the pressure stress is managed more easily by using an additional heat exchanger 7 in the form for example of cooling plates.
- the secondary circuit 2 does not include a compressor. In other words, the secondary circuit 2 is not a vapor compression circuit.
- the second heat transfer composition is at a substantially uniform pressure in the secondary circuit, said pressure being equal to the saturation pressure of the second heat transfer composition at the temperature of the second transfer composition. heat. A small deviation is possible in the event of a pressure drop.
- the temperature of the second heat transfer composition is preferably uniform in the secondary circuit.
- the second heat transfer composition remains at a constant temperature during the process.
- saturation pressure is meant the pressure at which a gas phase of a composition is in equilibrium with a liquid phase at a given temperature in a closed system.
- the secondary circuit 2 can comprise one or more valves, in particular when it comprises several additional heat exchangers 7, in order to direct the second heat transfer composition towards one or more specific additional heat exchangers 7. ; and / or in order to allow the direction of circulation of the second heat transfer composition to be changed in all or part of the secondary circuit 2.
- the second heat transfer composition can circulate in all or part of the secondary circuit 2 in a single direction.
- the second heat transfer composition can circulate in all or part of the secondary circuit 2 in both directions, that is to say a first direction and an opposite direction.
- the circulation of the second heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit 2 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to the additional heat exchanger (s) 7, and / or to the additional heat exchanger (s) 7 to the exchanger intermediate heat 5 can be carried out by means of a pump, or by gravity, or by capillarity.
- the vapor compression circuit 1 can be coupled with the secondary circuit 2 by the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 5 can be crossed at the same time by the first heat transfer composition and by the second heat transfer composition.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 5 can condense the first heat transfer composition (and optionally evaporate the second heat transfer composition), and the additional heat exchanger 7 is configured to transfer heat. heat from the second heat transfer composition to the battery (optionally by condensing the second heat transfer composition).
- the second heat transfer composition is in the liquid state throughout the secondary circuit 2.
- the temperature of the second heat transfer composition is changed when passing through the additional heat exchanger 7 and through the intermediate heat exchanger 5. This is in particular the preferred option when the coil is immersed in the second heat transfer composition.
- each evaporation and each condensation can be total or partial.
- Evaporation can thus consist of starting from the liquid state to go to the vapor state; or from the liquid / vapor two-phase state to the vapor state; or from the liquid state to the two-phase liquid / vapor state; or from a liquid / vapor two-phase state to another liquid / vapor two-phase state.
- a condensation can thus consist of starting from the vapor state to go to the liquid state; or from the vapor state to the liquid / vapor two-phase state; or from the liquid / vapor two-phase state to the liquid state; or from a liquid / vapor two-phase state to another liquid / vapor two-phase state.
- Evaporation and condensation can take place at constant temperature, or at variable temperature in the case of non-azeotropic mixtures of heat transfer compounds.
- one composition (the first heat transfer composition or the second heat transfer composition) is at a lower temperature than the other; preferably, the temperature differential is less than 12 ° C, more preferably less than 8 ° C, and more preferably less than 5 ° C.
- the median temperature between the inlet and the outlet of the temperature is taken as a reference. 'intermediate heat exchanger.
- the cooling and / or the heating make it possible to maintain the temperature of the battery within an optimum temperature range, in particular when the vehicle is in operation (engine on), and in particular when the vehicle is moving.
- the temperature of the vehicle battery is thus maintained between a minimum temperature ti and a maximum temperature t2.
- the outside temperature while maintaining the temperature of the battery between the minimum temperature ti and the maximum temperature t2 is greater than or equal to 20 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to 30 ° C, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 ° C, more preferably greater than or equal to 40 ° C.
- the outside temperature during the period of maintaining the temperature of the vehicle battery between the minimum temperature ti and the maximum temperature t2 can in particular be from -25 to -20 ° C .; or from -20 to -15 ° C; or from -15 to -10 ° C; or from -10 to -5 ° C; or from -5 to 0 ° C; or from 0 to 5 ° C; or from 5 to 10 ° C; or from 10 to 15 ° C; or from 15 ⁇ 0 ° C; or from 20 to 25 ° C; or from 25 to 30 ° C; or from 30 to 35 ° C; or from 35 to 40 ° Q or from 40 to 45 ° C; or 45 to 50 ° C.
- the term “exterior temperature” means the ambient temperature outside the vehicle before and while the temperature of the vehicle battery is maintained between the minimum temperature ti and the maximum temperature t2.
- battery temperature is generally meant the temperature of an outer wall of one or more of the electrical energy storage elements.
- the temperature of the battery can be measured using a temperature sensor. If several temperature sensors are present at the battery level, the battery temperature can be considered as being the average of the different measured temperatures.
- the installation and method of the present invention allow the vehicle battery to be cooled or heated (and preferably cooled) and maintained within an optimum temperature range (as detailed above. ) when charging the battery.
- the battery charge can be fast charging.
- the method according to the invention allows to keep the battery temperature within an optimum temperature range. This has an advantage since during rapid charging the battery tends to heat up quickly and reach high temperatures which can influence its operation and performance.
- the second heat transfer composition is maintained at a temperature between 10 and 40 ° C, preferably between 20 and 30 ° C, throughout the secondary circuit 2.
- the invention uses a first heat transfer composition and a second heat transfer composition, each heat transfer composition comprising a heat transfer fluid optionally associated with lubricants and / or additives.
- the heat transfer fluid can include one or more heat transfer compounds.
- the first heat transfer composition is present and circulates in the vapor compression circuit.
- the heat transfer fluid of the first heat transfer composition comprises HFO-1234yf.
- this heat transfer fluid consists essentially, or even consists, of HFO-1234yf.
- this heat transfer fluid also comprises one or more other heat transfer compounds, such as hydrofluorocarbons and / or hydrofluoroolefins and / or hydrocarbons and / or hydrochlorofluoroolefins and / or CO2.
- other heat transfer compounds such as hydrofluorocarbons and / or hydrofluoroolefins and / or hydrocarbons and / or hydrochlorofluoroolefins and / or CO2.
- hydrofluorocarbons mention may in particular be made of difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1, 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (FIFC-134a), 1, 1 -difluoroethane (FIFC-152a), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (FIFC-227ea), 1 , 1, 1 -trifluoropropane (FIFC-263fb) and mixtures thereof.
- HFC-32 difluoromethane
- HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
- HFC-134 1, 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane
- FIFC-134a 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane
- FIFC-152a 1, 1 -difluoroethane
- hydrofluoroolefins mention may in particular be made of 1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), in cis and / or trans form, and preferably in trans form; and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123).
- HFO-1234ze 1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1123 trifluoroethylene
- hydrochlorofluoroolefins mention may in particular be made of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), in Z and / or E form, and preferably in E form.
- HCFO-1233zd 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene
- the heat transfer fluid of the first heat transfer composition comprises HFO-1234yf and HFC-32.
- the heat transfer fluid is a binary composition of HFO-1234yf and HFC-32 (i.e., it consists, or consists essentially of HFO-1234yf and HFC-32) .
- HFO-1234yf can have a content of 60-90% by weight, and HFC-32 can have a content of 40-10% by weight, preferably HFO-1234yf can have a content of 70-80%. by weight, and the HFC-32 may have a content of 20 to 30% by weight, and more preferably the HFO-1234yf may have a content of 75 to 80% by weight, and the HFC-32 may have a content of 20 to 25% by weight.
- the HFO-1234yf is present at a content of about 78.5% by weight of and the HFC-32 is present at a content of about 21.5% by weight.
- the weight percentages are given based on the heat transfer fluid of the first heat transfer composition.
- the additives which can be present in the first heat transfer composition of the invention can in particular be chosen from nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracers, fluorescent agents, odorous agents and solubilizing agents.
- the total amount of additives does not exceed 5% by weight, in particular 4%, in particular 3% and very particularly 2% by weight or even 1% by weight of the first heat transfer composition.
- the HFO-1234yf contains impurities. When they are present, they may represent less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.1%, preferably less than 0.05% and preferably less than 0.01% ( by weight) relative to HFO-1234yf.
- the heat transfer fluid of the first heat transfer composition may optionally include HFO-1243zf (3,3,3-trifluoropropene) and / or 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne.
- the content of HFO-1243zf in the heat transfer fluid can be less than or equal to 10,000 ppm, or 5,000 ppm, or 1,000 ppm, or 500 ppm, or 100 ppm, or 50 ppm.
- the content of HFO-1243zf in the heat transfer fluid can be: 0 to 1 ppm, or 1 to 10 ppm, or 10 to 50 ppm, or 50 to 100 ppm, or from 100 to 500 ppm, or from 500 to 1000 ppm, or from 1000 to 5000 ppm, or from 5000 to 10,000 ppm.
- the content of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne in the heat transfer fluid may be less than or equal to 10,000 ppm, or 5,000 ppm, or 1,000 ppm, or 500 ppm, or 100 ppm, or 50 ppm .
- the content of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne in the heat transfer fluid can be: from 0 to 1 ppm, or from 1 to 10 ppm, or from 10 to 50 ppm, or from 50 to 100 ppm, or 100 to 500 ppm, or 500 to 1000 ppm, or 1000 to 5000 ppm, or 5000 to 10,000 ppm.
- One or more lubricants may be present in the first heat transfer composition.
- These lubricants can be chosen from esters of polyols (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), or polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
- POE polyols
- PAG polyalkylene glycols
- PVE polyvinyl ethers
- the lubricants can represent from 1 to 50%, preferably from 2 to 40% and more preferably from 5 to 30% (by weight) of the first heat transfer composition.
- the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition preferably comprises one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling point of 0 to 40 ° C, more preferably 5 to 35 ° C, and more preferably from 8 to 34 ° C.
- boiling point of a compound is meant the temperature at which the compound boils under a pressure of 1 bar.
- the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition has a boiling point of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably 5 to 35 ° C, and more preferably 8 to 34 ° C. .
- the boiling temperature of the mixture corresponds to the average between the starting boiling temperature and the end boiling temperature at a pressure of 1 bar.
- the heat transfer compound (s) having a boiling point of 0 to 40 ° C can be selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroolefins, and combinations thereof.
- the hydrochlorofluoroolefins can be selected from 1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) and 1 -chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224yd) and combinations of these.
- HCFO-1233zd can be in E and / or Z form.
- the HCFO-1233zd may comprise more than 50 mol.% Of the form E, preferably more than 60 mol.% Of the form E, preferably more than 70 mol.% Of the form E, preferably more than 80 mol% of form E, preferably more than 85 mol% of form E, preferably more than 90 mol% of form E, preferably more than 95 mol% of form E, preferably more than 98 mole% of the E form and more preferably more than 99 mole% of the E form.
- it is wholly, or essentially wholly, in the E form.
- HCFO-1233zd may comprise more than 50 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 60 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 70 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 80 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 85 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 90 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 95 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 98 mol% of the Z form and more preferably more than 99 mol% of Z form.
- it is entirely, or essentially entirely, in Z form.
- HCFO-1224yd can be in E and / or Z form.
- the HCFO-1224yd comprises more than 50 mol.% Of the Z form, preferably more than 60 mol.% Of the Z form, preferably more than 70 mol.% Of the Z form, preferably more than 80 mol. .% of form Z, preferably more than 85 mol.% of form Z, preferably more than 90 mol.% of form Z, preferably more than 95 mol.% of form Z, preferably more than 98 mole% of the Z form and more preferably more than 99 mole% of the Z form.
- it is entirely in the Z form.
- the hydrofluoroolefin can be 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO-1336mzz) in E and / or Z form.
- the HFO-1336mzz may comprise more than 50 mol.% Of the form E, preferably more than 60 mol.% Of the form E, preferably more than 70 mol.% Of the form E, preferably more than 80 mol% of form E, preferably more than 85 mol% of form E, preferably more than 90 mol% of form E, preferably more than 95 mol% of form E, preferably more 98 mol% of the E form and more preferably more than 99 mol% of the E form. It can be entirely in E form.
- the heat transfer compounds used in the second heat transfer composition have a latent heat of evaporation at 20 ° C greater than 100 kJ / kg, preferably greater than 110 kJ / kg, again of preferably greater than 120 kJ / kg, still more preferably greater than 130 kJ / kg, still more preferably greater than 140 kJ / kg, still more preferably greater than 150 kJ / kg, and still more preferably greater than 160 kJ / kg.
- the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition comprises a single heat transfer compound.
- the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition can be a binary mixture of heat transfer compounds.
- the second heat transfer composition is present and circulates in the secondary circuit.
- the second heat transfer composition does not undergo compression or expansion.
- the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition consists essentially of, or even consists of, heat transfer compounds.
- the additives which may be present in the second heat transfer composition of the invention are the same as those described above in connection with the first heat transfer composition, the same concentration ranges applying.
- the second heat transfer composition may comprise a C3 and C6 alkene stabilizer, in particular a butene or a pentene.
- LiFSI in solution in butyl acetate is obtained at the end of the process described in WO 2015/158979.
- the LiFSI solution is subjected to a purification process comprising liquid-liquid extraction of said salt with deionized water to form an aqueous solution, then liquid-liquid extraction of the lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide to from said aqueous solution with butyl acetate.
- the solution obtained was subjected to a concentration step to lead to a composition comprising more than 30% by weight of a dry extract, characterized in that it comprises more than 99.75% by weight of LiFSI and in that the sum of the total mass contents of chlorides, sulphates and fluorides is strictly greater than 0 and less than 500 ppm.
- the composition is then subjected to a crystallization and filtration step, to yield the LiFSI of Example 1.
- LiFSI in solution in butyl acetate is obtained at the end of the process described in WO 2015/158979.
- the LiFSI solution is subjected to a purification process comprising liquid-liquid extraction of said salt with deionized water to form an aqueous solution, then liquid-liquid extraction of the lithium salt of bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide to from said aqueous solution with butyl acetate.
- the solution obtained was subjected to a concentration step to lead to a composition comprising a dry extract characterized in that it comprises less than 99.75% by weight of LiFSI, and in that the sum of the total contents by mass of chlorides , sulphates and fluorides is strictly greater than 600 ppm.
- Example 4 - characterization
- the observed oxidation current can reflect many phenomena: corrosion of aluminum, degradation of the electrolyte and swelling of the battery. All these phenomena are responsible for the degradation of the lifespan of Li-ion batteries. The lower this current, the longer the battery life is improved.
- the results show that the use of a LiFSI having in particular a chloride content of less than 20 ppm advantageously makes it possible to reduce this oxidation current relative to a LiFSI having a chloride content of 20 ppm, and therefore improve the lifespan of Li-ion batteries.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1911486A FR3102010B1 (fr) | 2019-10-15 | 2019-10-15 | Procédé de régulation de la température d’une batterie comprenant un sel de lithium |
| PCT/FR2020/051697 WO2021074498A1 (fr) | 2019-10-15 | 2020-09-29 | Procédé de régulation de la température d'une batterie comprenant un sel de lithium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4046223A1 true EP4046223A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP20792471.3A Pending EP4046223A1 (fr) | 2019-10-15 | 2020-09-29 | Procédé de régulation de la température d'une batterie comprenant un sel de lithium |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US12476305B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4046223A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7562654B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN114788062A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3102010B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021074498A1 (fr) |
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| WO2021180404A1 (fr) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-16 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Agencement de climatisation et véhicule de transport de passagers équipé de celui-ci |
| CN114464922B (zh) * | 2022-02-22 | 2024-05-24 | 河南电池研究院有限公司 | 一种储能电池箱 |
| CN115172859B (zh) * | 2022-08-02 | 2025-03-25 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 锂金属电池及其制备方法、应用 |
| CN115900118A (zh) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-04 | 华涧新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | 气浮离心式压缩机储能热管理系统 |
| CN116007214A (zh) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-25 | 华涧新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | 离心式压缩机储能热管理系统 |
| CN116014289A (zh) * | 2023-01-16 | 2023-04-25 | 华涧新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | 一种分布式控制的储能热管理系统 |
| US20240347813A1 (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2024-10-17 | Deere & Company | Hybrid thermal management system |
| CN119358372B (zh) * | 2024-08-29 | 2026-02-06 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | 电池直冷分析处理方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009123328A1 (fr) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-08 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Sel sulfonylimide et procédé de production de celui-ci |
| FR2938551B1 (fr) | 2008-11-20 | 2010-11-12 | Arkema France | Procede de chauffage et/ou climatisation d'un vehicule |
| JP2010261679A (ja) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-18 | Panasonic Corp | 冷凍サイクル |
| DE102009042774A1 (de) | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | System für ein Kraftfahrzeug zum Erwärmen und/oder Kühlen einer Batterie und eines Kraftfahrzeuginnenraumes |
| US20120216551A1 (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2012-08-30 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Cascade refrigeration system with fluoroolefin refrigerant |
| FR2954342B1 (fr) | 2009-12-18 | 2012-03-16 | Arkema France | Fluides de transfert de chaleur a inflammabilite reduite |
| MY158739A (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2016-11-15 | Du Pont | Compositions comprising tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane and uses thereof |
| US20140202178A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2014-07-24 | Michael W. Trumbower | Multiple circuit cooling system |
| FR2979419B1 (fr) * | 2011-08-30 | 2018-03-30 | Arkema France | Fluides de transfert de chaleur supercritiques a base de tetrafluoropropene |
| DE102014200160A1 (de) | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrzeug mit einer Kompressionskältemaschine |
| FR3020060B1 (fr) | 2014-04-18 | 2016-04-01 | Arkema France | Preparation d'imides contenant un groupement fluorosulfonyle |
| JP2019504985A (ja) | 2016-02-16 | 2019-02-21 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッドHoneywell International Inc. | 多段低gwp空調システム |
| FR3069959B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-08-23 | Arkema France | Melange de sels de lithium et ses utilisations comme electrolyte de batterie |
| EP3499634A1 (fr) | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-19 | Mahle International GmbH | Système de gestion thermique de batterie d'un véhicule |
| CN207955267U (zh) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-10-12 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | 一种汽车热管理系统和纯电动汽车 |
| FR3079670B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-28 | 2021-07-09 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Systeme de conditionnement thermique d'un dispositif de stockage electrique equipant un vehicule |
| FR3080169B1 (fr) | 2018-04-13 | 2020-12-18 | Arkema France | Procede de refroidissement et/ou de chauffage d'un corps ou d'un fluide dans un vehicule automobile |
| CN109546219A (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-29 | 珠海光宇电池有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及使用该电解液的锂离子电池 |
| JP2020128839A (ja) * | 2019-02-08 | 2020-08-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 熱輸送システム |
| CN109941978B (zh) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-08-18 | 浙江科峰锂电材料科技有限公司 | 制备双氟磺酰亚胺铵及双氟磺酰亚胺碱金属盐的方法 |
| FR3102009B1 (fr) * | 2019-10-15 | 2022-05-06 | Arkema France | Procédé de régulation de la température d’une batterie d’un véhicule automobile |
| WO2022220857A1 (fr) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-20 | Nikola Corporation | Système de pompe à chaleur pour véhicule électrique |
| JP7856514B2 (ja) * | 2022-07-14 | 2026-05-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 熱管理装置 |
| CN116742187A (zh) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-09-12 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | 一种浸没液冷储能系统 |
-
2019
- 2019-10-15 FR FR1911486A patent/FR3102010B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-09-29 CN CN202080084815.6A patent/CN114788062A/zh active Pending
- 2020-09-29 US US17/769,427 patent/US12476305B2/en active Active
- 2020-09-29 WO PCT/FR2020/051697 patent/WO2021074498A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2020-09-29 EP EP20792471.3A patent/EP4046223A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-09-29 JP JP2022522298A patent/JP7562654B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3102010B1 (fr) | 2022-06-03 |
| CN114788062A (zh) | 2022-07-22 |
| WO2021074498A1 (fr) | 2021-04-22 |
| FR3102010A1 (fr) | 2021-04-16 |
| JP7562654B2 (ja) | 2024-10-07 |
| US12476305B2 (en) | 2025-11-18 |
| US20240128547A1 (en) | 2024-04-18 |
| JP2022552968A (ja) | 2022-12-21 |
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