EP4041961B1 - Vorgefertigter komprimierbarer baublock mit hohlräumen, die nach herkömmlichen verfahren oder durch tunnelbohrmaschinenverfahren in stollenauskleidungen integriert werden können - Google Patents

Vorgefertigter komprimierbarer baublock mit hohlräumen, die nach herkömmlichen verfahren oder durch tunnelbohrmaschinenverfahren in stollenauskleidungen integriert werden können Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4041961B1
EP4041961B1 EP20793754.1A EP20793754A EP4041961B1 EP 4041961 B1 EP4041961 B1 EP 4041961B1 EP 20793754 A EP20793754 A EP 20793754A EP 4041961 B1 EP4041961 B1 EP 4041961B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building block
channels
compressible
block
building
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Application number
EP20793754.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4041961A1 (de
EP4041961C0 (de
Inventor
Jad Zghondi
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Agence Nationale Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs Andra
Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Dechets Radioactifs ANDRA
Original Assignee
Agence Nationale Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs Andra
Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Dechets Radioactifs ANDRA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/36—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/52—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the construction of underground works, and in particular the construction of tunnels, galleries or shafts.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a prefabricated compressible building block, as well as to a method for producing an underground structure of the tunnel, gallery, well or similar type using such blocks.
  • the building block according to the invention is intended in particular, but not exclusively, for integration between the rock and a prefabricated segment (tunnel boring) but also for lining a support just before pouring a gallery lining or well (digging by traditional method).
  • damping devices are planned within the underground structures.
  • the damping device in question comes in the form of a compressible one-piece segment obtained by making the first layer of "conventional" reinforced concrete then adding during manufacture and before the concrete sets, a second compressible layer integral with the first layer so to form a one-piece prefabricated building element.
  • a first drawback lies in the manufacture of the segment and its compressible layer.
  • This compressible layer is produced following the pouring of the reinforced concrete part, itself followed by the production of a protective layer for the compressible layer.
  • the manufacturing time of such a segment is considerably lengthened.
  • the pouring of the compressible layer following the reinforced concrete part means that the complete segment cannot be manipulated until the compression layer has acquired acceptable mechanical resistance characteristics at a young age, which allow on the one hand the installation of a layer of protection and on the other hand the break of the voussoir at its extrados. This waiting period influences the construction schedule for the segments.
  • a second drawback is the storage of one-piece segments.
  • the compressible layer being fragile, it happens that during transport, storage and possible reversals of the segment, the compressible concrete layer of the latter suffers deterioration and spalling, even after adding a protective layer. The damage to the compressible layer may jeopardize the integrity of the segment and therefore requires a complete replacement of the latter.
  • the storage of one-piece segments can also prove to be problematic due to the limitation of the stacking of the segments induced by the influence of the weight of the segments on the compressible layers. This constraint implies reduced stacking and consequently an increased storage surface.
  • the invention aims to reduce the problems of the one-piece prefabricated segment of the aforementioned application by proposing a prefabricated building block in parallel and independently of the segment. This building block will be placed on the segment on the excavation site and during excavation with the tunnel boring machine.
  • US 4585371A describes an oblong building block made of plastic materials with channels.
  • the object of the invention is also to propose a building block making it possible to carry out a segment damping the convergence of the ground, simply, quickly and at low cost.
  • the invention proposes a prefabricated compressible building block exhibiting elasto-plastic behavior having an elastic threshold of between 1 and 2 MPa and a plastic plate of the order of 40 to 75% of deformation at non-zero and maximum load of 4 MPa, said block comprising channels having a first open end, the channels defining voids occupying 40 to 75% of the total volume of the building block.
  • the type of material (and choice of its resistance), the arrangement of the "vacuum” channels (disposition, size, shape) are defined to give the compression block satisfactory mechanical behavior and more particularly a minimum elastic threshold of the order of 1 MPa, a plastic plate/bearing of the order of 40 to 75% deformation; this plastic bearing must operate at non-zero loading in such a way as to always keep a confinement applied to the rock.
  • the building block is made of a mineral material.
  • the building block is made of a material chosen from the group of materials comprising concrete, terracotta or concrete mortar.
  • the compressible building block does not include any metallic component and, if it does, in a quantity of metallic component not exceeding 4% of the total mass of the building block.
  • the channels are distributed within said block to define staggered channel beds.
  • the arrangement of the channels is however not limited to this staggered arrangement of the channels.
  • any arrangement can be provided, it being understood however that it will define an ordered geometric pattern which, depending on the nature and behavior of the material, will make it possible to target the desired characteristics.
  • several configurations and natures of these blocks will make it possible to target the same behavior.
  • Each block will be made symmetrically with respect to the radius of the gallery intercepting its center, the idea being to achieve a homogeneous distribution of these elements, whether behind the segments or the poured linings.
  • the channels have a second blind end. It can also be provided according to another configuration that the channels extend right through the compression block.
  • the channels may have a section of circular or oval shape for the concrete or mortar solution (for manufacturing reasons).
  • the building block may comprise a plurality of channels of the same cross-section or of different cross-sections, the latter possibly being arranged to form staggered rows of channels, or any other ordered arrangement.
  • a thickness of 1 to 2 cm of concrete, concrete mortar or continuous terracotta should be made on the extrados and the intrados, the need being to stiffen the block as well as to have a good contact between elements.
  • the inter-channel distance is at least 6 millimeters.
  • Concrete blocks, concrete mortar or terracotta can be blind on one side. This has the advantage in the case of concretes of guaranteeing the existence of voids in the channels following the injection of the sealing grout (tunnel boring machine) or pouring of the concrete (traditional method).
  • the compressible building block can be joined together with similar building blocks, at the level of the longitudinal but also transverse edges.
  • the building block is arranged to fit into a similar building block.
  • Glue, filling mortar or bolts can consolidate the junctions between blocks and between blocks and other elements.
  • the invention also relates to a segment having an upper surface covered with a building block or a plurality of building blocks as described above.
  • the invention also relates to a lining of a block layer between the support and the final lining of a gallery dug by the traditional method. More particularly, it relates to a method for producing an underground structure of the tunnel, gallery, well or similar type comprising support operations and the installation of a lining, characterized in that, prior to the installation of the coating, a compressible layer formed from one or more building block(s) as described above is fixed to the lining so as to form the support/lining interface.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing an underground structure of the tunnel, gallery, well or similar type using segments arranged within the underground space, characterized in that, prior to the installation of the segments within the underground space, compressible building blocks as described previously are fixed to the extrados of the segments.
  • a compressible building block 1 which is, in the example shown, made of concrete.
  • the building block 1 has an elastic threshold of the order of 1 to 2 MPa, followed by a plastic plateau for a non-zero applied stress not exceeding 4 MPa before the start of the stiffening phase.
  • the building block 1 comprises straight longitudinal channels 2, extending over the entire length of the building block and open on the transverse faces, the blocks can be blind on one side which will facilitate the sealing of the final layer.
  • Channels 2 run parallel to each other.
  • Channels 2 are configured in number and size to define voids occupying 40-75% of the volume of the building block.
  • the building block 1 is advantageously devoid of metallic component or at least, if it includes any, it will be a quantity not exceeding 4% of the total mass of the building block.
  • the building block 1 comprises channels 2 of circular section and of the same diameter.
  • the channels are arranged parallel to each other. They are also distributed within the building block 1 over four rows a1 to a4, the rows being arranged to present a staggered arrangement of the channels.
  • the channels of the same row are arranged equidistant from each other.
  • the building block can of course have channels 2 with different shapes and/or arrangements. There picture 2 gives as such other examples of channel arrangements in concrete building blocks.
  • the building block having channels 2 of different diameters.
  • the building block will include more or fewer rows of channels, and 2 channels per row.
  • FIG 2a shows for example a building block 1A of the same dimension as that of the figure 1 , comprising channels 2 of diameters smaller than that of channels 2 of the figure 1 .
  • the compression block 1A comprises more rows of channels (in the example illustrated five rows) and 2 channels per row.
  • building block 1B of the figure 2b also of the same size as that of the figure 1 , comprises channels 2 of diameter greater than those of the figure 1 .
  • building block 1B has fewer rows and fewer channels per row.
  • the channels 2 can also have a section with a substantially oval diameter, as illustrated in the figure 2c .
  • each building block 1, 1A, 1B, 1C comprises within them channels having substantially similar diameters. It can of course be provided concrete building blocks comprising channels 2 of different sections. THE 2d and 2e figures show building blocks 1D, 1E with channels 2 of different diameters. In these examples, the building blocks 1D, 1E comprise two series of channels 2 of different diameter. The two series of channels 2 are distributed in such a way that the building blocks have a central symmetry. It is of course obvious that the building block may comprise more than two types of channels 2 and an arrangement other than that shown in the 2d and 2e figures , with or without central symmetry.
  • FIG. 3 represents a compressible building block 10 whose mineral material is a terracotta.
  • the building block 10 incorporates all the characteristics of the concrete compression blocks previously described.
  • the building block comprises rectilinear transverse channels 2, extending right through the building block 10 and extending parallel to each other.
  • the voids thus created within the building blocks represent 40 to 75% of the volume of the building block.
  • the building block 10 differs from the previously described concrete compression blocks in the shape and arrangement of the channels 2.
  • the building block 10 comprises three rows of channels 2 of rectangular section and of different dimensions.
  • the walls of the building block 10 and the ribs delimiting the channels 2 have thicknesses of the same order.
  • the building block 10 comprises three rows b1, b2, b3.
  • the channels 2 of each row do not have a staggered arrangement of the channels 2 but on the contrary arranged aligned with each other to form columns of channels c1 to c6.
  • Each row has two sets of superimposed 2 channels.
  • the compression blocks are arranged so that they can be butted together.
  • the building blocks just described can, according to a particular application, be intended to be placed on the extrados of a segment.
  • the compression blocks have a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the extrados of the segment on which they will be placed.
  • the channels provided within the building block will present an axis longitudinal having a radius of curvature corresponding to that of the bend.
  • the manufacture of the compression blocks is separated from that of the segments on which they are intended to be affixed. As a result, these blocks may have curved sections.
  • the building blocks form a one-piece piece advantageously manufactured using a vibrating press when they are made of concrete or mortar or by extrusion when they are made of terracotta.
  • the building blocks can also consist of an assembly of “sub-blocks”. We then speak of multi-blocks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Fertigbaustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10), umfassend Längskanäle (2), die ein erstes Mündungsende vorweisen, wobei die Kanäle (2) Hohlräume definieren, die 40 bis 75 % des Gesamtvolumens des Bausteins einnehmen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stein komprimierbar ist, ein elastoplastisches Verhalten vorweist, eine elastische Schwelle zwischen 1 und 2 MPa und eine plastische Platte in der Größenordnung von 40 bis 75 % Verformung mit einer Belastung ungleich null und von maximal 4 MPa besitzt.
  2. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus einem Mineralmaterial hergestellt ist.
  3. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das aus der Gruppe von Materialien ausgewählt ist, umfassend Beton, Terrakotta oder Betonmörtel.
  4. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er keine Metallkomponente aufweist oder, falls er davon aufweist, in einer Menge, die 4 % der Gesamtmasse des Bausteins (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nicht überschreitet.
  5. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kanäle (2) innerhalb des Steins (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) zum Definieren von Sohlen von Kanälen (2) verteilt sind, die gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind.
  6. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kanäle (2) ein zweites Blindende vorweisen.
  7. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Kanäle (2) auf voller Breite des Kompressionssteins (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) erstrecken.
  8. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) eine kontinuierliche Dicke einerseits zwischen der Rückenoberfläche des Steins (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) und den Kanälen (2), die der Rückenoberfläche am nächsten gelegen sind, und andererseits zwischen der Bauchoberfläche des Steins (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) und den Kanälen (2), die der Bauchoberfläche am nächsten gelegen sind, von zwischen 1 bis 2 cm vorweist, wobei der Zwischenkanalabstand mindestens 6 Millimeter beträgt.
  9. Komprimierbarer Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er an gleichartige Bausteine anlegbar ist.
  10. Gewölbestein, der einen Rücken vorweist, der mit einem Baustein (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) oder einer Vielzahl von Bausteinen (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche verkleidet ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines unterirdischen Bauwerks der Art Tunnel, Galerie, Schacht oder dergleichen, umfassend Vorgänge zum Entlasten und Anbringen einer Verkleidung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Anbringen der Verkleidung eine komprimierbare Schicht, die aus einem oder mehreren Baustein(en) (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 ausgebildet ist, an der Verkleidung befestigt wird, um die Schnittstelle Entlastung/Verkleidung herzustellen.
  12. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines unterirdischen Bauwerks der Art Tunnel, Galerie, Schacht oder dergleichen mittels Gewölbesteinen, die innerhalb des unterirdischen Raums angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Anbringen des Gewölbesteins innerhalb des unterirdischen Bauwerks komprimierbare Bausteine (1, 1A bis 1E, 10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 an dem Rücken der Gewölbesteine befestigt werden.
EP20793754.1A 2019-10-07 2020-10-07 Vorgefertigter komprimierbarer baublock mit hohlräumen, die nach herkömmlichen verfahren oder durch tunnelbohrmaschinenverfahren in stollenauskleidungen integriert werden können Active EP4041961B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1911093A FR3101650B1 (fr) 2019-10-07 2019-10-07 Bloc de construction compressible a vide préfabriqué, pouvant s’integrer dans les revetements de galeries par methodes traditionnelles ou par methode au tunnelier
PCT/FR2020/051754 WO2021069830A1 (fr) 2019-10-07 2020-10-07 Bloc de construction compressible a vide prefabrique, pouvant s'integrer dans les revetements de galeries par methodes traditionnelles ou par methode au tunnelier

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4041961A1 EP4041961A1 (de) 2022-08-17
EP4041961B1 true EP4041961B1 (de) 2023-07-19
EP4041961C0 EP4041961C0 (de) 2023-07-19

Family

ID=70613816

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20793754.1A Active EP4041961B1 (de) 2019-10-07 2020-10-07 Vorgefertigter komprimierbarer baublock mit hohlräumen, die nach herkömmlichen verfahren oder durch tunnelbohrmaschinenverfahren in stollenauskleidungen integriert werden können

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4041961B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3101650B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2021069830A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4585371A (en) * 1981-03-14 1986-04-29 Dunlop Limited Lining of tubular structures
WO2006034675A1 (de) * 2004-09-29 2006-04-06 Kloeckner Reinhard Kompressibler beton und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
FR3021346B1 (fr) * 2014-05-21 2016-07-29 Constructions Mec Consultants Element de construction pour la realisation d'un tunnel, tunnel comprenant un tel element et procedes de fabrication d'un tel element et d'un tel tunnel
FR3034451B1 (fr) 2015-04-03 2017-05-05 Constructions Mec Consultants Element de construction pour la realisation d'un tunnel, tunnel comprenant un tel element et procedes de fabrication d'un tel element et d'un tel tunnel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021069830A1 (fr) 2021-04-15
EP4041961A1 (de) 2022-08-17
EP4041961C0 (de) 2023-07-19
FR3101650A1 (fr) 2021-04-09
FR3101650B1 (fr) 2021-10-01

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