EP4031301A1 - Sheet steel having a deterministic surface structure - Google Patents

Sheet steel having a deterministic surface structure

Info

Publication number
EP4031301A1
EP4031301A1 EP20768579.3A EP20768579A EP4031301A1 EP 4031301 A1 EP4031301 A1 EP 4031301A1 EP 20768579 A EP20768579 A EP 20768579A EP 4031301 A1 EP4031301 A1 EP 4031301A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
surface structure
coating
area
steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20768579.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Oliver Vogt
Fabian JUNGE
Burak William Cetinkaya
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Publication of EP4031301A1 publication Critical patent/EP4031301A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/227—Surface roughening or texturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/005—Rolls with a roughened or textured surface; Methods for making same
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • B21B27/021—Rolls for sheets or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/263—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
    • C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B21B2001/228—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length skin pass rolling or temper rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sheet steel dressed with a deterministic surface structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure.
  • the task is therefore to provide a sheet steel skinned with a deterministic surface structure which, compared to the prior art, provides properties that are equivalent or better.
  • a defined surface structure on a tempered steel sheet is essential for further processes, especially in the processing industry for the production of components for automobiles.
  • process media used such as oil and / or lubricants
  • These points relevant to the forming process are usually the contact surfaces between sheet steel and shaping tools - accordingly, not the embossments in the sheet steel, in which the process media preferentially collect, but the surface in the form of the area of the elevations on the sheet steel.
  • the inventors have found that in the case of a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure, properties that are equivalent or better than the prior art can be provided if the surface structure is embossed into the steel sheet starting from a surface of the steel sheet, the surface structure being one Has flank area which, starting from the surface, runs down to a valley area, wherein according to the invention at least the flank area has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm in order to minimize the need for process medium and / or to place the process medium closer to or adjacent to the surrounding area. to keep positions relevant to the molding process in stock.
  • the local process medium distribution can in particular be influenced in a targeted manner, with a steel sheet with a conscious modeling of the flank area for better process-relevant properties in particular due to the inventive expression of the deterministic surface structure of the sheet steel surface in order to bring the process medium closer to the areas relevant to the forming process in a targeted manner.
  • a corresponding reaction surface or boundary layer can be made available through the specifically set roughness Ra.
  • the roughness Ra in the flank area can, if necessary, be limited to a maximum of 800 nm, in particular to a maximum of 700 nm, preferably to a maximum of 600 nm, preferably to a maximum of 500 nm, particularly preferably to a maximum of 400 nm, since the surface of the steel sheet in particular one of the subsequent shaping steps, such as for example during deep drawing, stretching or bending, is subject to major changes in shape, in particular on the outer fiber of the sheet steel.
  • the notch effect can lead to stress concentrations and thus, if there is a coating, to a failure of the coating.
  • a deterministic surface structure is understood to mean recurring surface structures which have a defined shape and / or configuration, cf. EP 2 892 663 Bl. In particular, this also includes surfaces with a (guasi-) stochastic appearance, which, however, are created by means of a deterministic texturing process are brought and are thus composed of deterministic form elements.
  • Sheet steel is generally to be understood as a flat steel product which can be provided in sheet form or in the form of a plate or in the form of a strip.
  • the surface structure has a flank area which, starting from the surface, runs down to a valley area and is formed at an angle between 1 ° and 89 ° to the perpendicular of the steel sheet.
  • the angle can in particular be formed between 50 ° and 87 °, preferably between 60 ° and 85 °, particularly preferably between 65 ° and 82 °.
  • the valley and flank area (negative shape) of the surface structure essentially corresponds to the surface (positive shape) on a skin pass roller, which forms or impresses the surface structure by corresponding action on the steel sheet.
  • the closed volume the so-called empty volume, can be adapted to a process medium to be applied, in particular oil, for later processing by means of a forming process.
  • the geometric configuration (size and depth) of a deterministic surface structure (negative shape) on a tempered steel sheet depends in particular on how the corresponding geometric structure (positive shape) is designed on a skin-pass roller.
  • Laser texturing processes are preferably used in order to be able to set specific structures (positive shape) on the surface of a skin pass roller by removing material.
  • the pulse duration and the selection of a suitable wavelength of a laser beam acting on the surface of the skin-pass roller the design of the structure (s) can be positively influenced. With a higher or higher pulse duration, the interaction time of the laser beam and skin-pass roller surface increases and more material can be removed from the surface of the skin-pass roller.
  • a pulse leaves an essentially circular crater on the skin-pass roller surface which, if there are several craters, maps the surface or the area of the elevations on the steel sheet and thus the contact area between the steel sheet and the forming tool after the skin-pass process.
  • a reduction in the pulse duration has an influence on the formation of a crater; in particular, the diameter of the crater can be reduced.
  • the targeted setting of the roughness in the flank area and optionally the defined setting of the angle of the flank area can not only be useful for forming processes.
  • the targeted variation of the angle coupled with the adjustment of the roughness in the flank area allow more degrees of freedom in the functionalization of the sheet steel surface.
  • a defined and / or large reaction surface for example for chemical (post) treatment, in particular in the form of cleaning and / or phosphating, can be provided between the dressed sheet steel and the process medium.
  • the specifically set roughness Ra of the flank area preferably provides a surface quality during cleaning so that, for example, disruptive deposits on the boundary layer, in particular oxide deposits, can be removed relatively easily at least partially and / or in areas, in particular without the roughness of the surface structure in the flank area affect negatively.
  • the suitability of the steel sheet according to the invention to be adhesively bonded can essentially provide an optimal and / or large interface due to the targeted roughness in the flank area in order to offer the adhesive a corresponding reaction surface.
  • the steel sheet is coated with a metallic coating, in particular with a zinc-based coating which is applied by hot-dip coating.
  • the coating can preferably contain additional elements such as aluminum with a content of up to 5% by weight and / or magnesium with a content of up to 5% by weight in the coating.
  • Steel sheets with a zinc-based coating have very good cathodic corrosion protection, which has been used in automotive engineering for years. Is an improved If corrosion protection is provided, the coating additionally has magnesium with a content of at least 0.3% by weight, in particular of at least 0.6% by weight, preferably of at least 0.9% by weight.
  • aluminum can be present with a content of at least 0.3% by weight, in particular to improve bonding of the coating to the steel sheet and in particular a diffusion of iron from the steel sheet into the coating during a heat treatment of the essentially to prevent coated steel sheet so that the positive corrosion properties are retained.
  • a thickness of the coating can be between 1 and 15 ⁇ m, in particular between 2 and 12 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 and 10 ⁇ m. Below the minimum limit, no adequate cathodic corrosion protection can be guaranteed and above the maximum limit, joining problems can occur when joining the steel sheet according to the invention or a component made from it with another component; in particular, if the maximum limit specified in the thickness of the coating is exceeded, no stable process during thermal joining can occur or welding can be ensured.
  • hot-dip coating the steel sheets are first coated with an appropriate coating and then passed to the skin pass. The skin pass takes place after the hot-dip coating of the steel sheet.
  • the steel sheet is coated with a metallic coating, in particular a zinc-based coating, which is applied by electrolytic coating.
  • a thickness of the coating can be between 1 and 10 ⁇ m, in particular between 1.5 and 8 ⁇ m, preferably between 2 and 5 ⁇ m.
  • the steel sheet can first be skin-passed and then electrolytically coated. Depending on the thickness of the coating, the roughness in the flank area can essentially be retained even after the electrolytic coating.
  • an electrolytic coating with subsequent skin-passing is also conceivable.
  • no coating for example no metallic coating
  • the steel sheet is / is coated with a non-metallic coating, for example in a coil coating system, the steel sheet being coated with a non-metallic coating before or after the coating.
  • the particularly coated steel sheet is additionally sprinkled with a process medium, in particular with an oil.
  • a process medium in particular with an oil.
  • the process medium in particular being incorporated into the surface structure with a layer of up to 2 g / m 2. Due to the dimensioning of the surface structure, there is little need for process media, so that the layer can be up to 2 g / m 2 , in particular up to 1.5 g / m 2 , preferably up to 1 g / m 2 , preferably up to 0.6 g / m 2 , more preferably up to 0.4 g / m 2 .
  • the process medium is deposited after application essentially in the flank area and optionally at the transition between the flank area and valley area of the surface structure and stands for further processes, such as shaping processes, preferably for deep-drawing processes, closer to or adjacent to forming process-relevant points in order to improve the lubrication and to reduce the friction and thus the wear of the shaping means, such as shaping devices, preferably before (deep-drawing) presses.
  • accumulation of the process medium in tribologically unfavorable areas that do not contribute to the process medium supply into the actual contact or friction zone can be effectively suppressed.
  • the steel sheet according to the invention thus has very good tribological properties with a low process medium requirement and is more environmentally friendly in comparison to the, in particular oiled, steel sheets known from the prior art, in particular due to the lower use of resources.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure, comprising the following steps:
  • Skin-passing of the steel sheet with a skin-pass roller the surface of the skin-pass roller, which acts on the surface of the steel sheet, is set up with a deterministic surface structure in such a way that, after skin-passing, the surface structure is embossed into the steel sheet starting from a surface of the steel sheet wherein the surface structure has a flank area which, starting from the surface, extends to a valley area and wherein at least the flank area has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm.
  • the surface (positive shape) of the skin pass roller forms a surface structure through the action of force on the surface of the sheet steel, which defines a valley and flank area (negative shape) and essentially corresponds to the surface (positive shape) of the dressing roller.
  • the skin pass roller for the formation of a deterministic surface structure can be processed with suitable means, for example by means of a laser, see also EP 2 892 663 Bl.
  • other ablation processes can also be used to adjust a surface on a skin pass roller, for example machining production processes with geometrically determined or indeterminate cutting edges, chemical or electrochemical, optical or plasma-induced processes which are suitable
  • the steel sheet before the steel sheet is provided, the steel sheet is coated by hot-dip coating.
  • the melt for hot-dip coating can preferably contain additional elements such as aluminum with a content of up to 5% by weight and / or magnesium with a content of up to 5% by weight.
  • the skin-passed steel sheet is coated by electrolytic coating.
  • the steel sheet is additionally provided with process medium, preferably with oil, after skin passing, the process medium with a coating of up to 2 g / m 2 , more preferably a coating of up to 0.4 g / m 2 2 is brought on.
  • FIG. 1 shows in FIG. 1) a schematic partial sectional view of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic partial sectional view of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of a steel sheet (1,) dressed with a deterministic surface structure (2).
  • the steel sheet (1) can be an uncoated steel sheet (1), that is to say it has no, in particular, metallic coating or non-metallic coating, or a steel sheet (G) coated with a metallic coating (1.2).
  • the surface structure (2) is embossed into the steel sheet (1) starting from a surface (1.1) of the steel sheet (1), the surface structure (2) having a flank area (2.3) which, starting from the surface (1.1) up to a valley area (2.2) runs. At least the flank area (2.2) has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm.
  • the flank area (2.3) and the valley area (2.2) through the corresponding area (positive shape) the skin pass roller, not shown, is set. Furthermore, in Figure 1) it can be clearly seen that the surface structure (2) has a flank area (2.3) which, starting from the surface (1.1), runs to a valley area (2.2) and to the perpendicular (0) of the steel sheet ( 1, G) is formed at an angle (a) between 1 ° and 89 °.
  • the flank area (2.3) encircling and forming the surface structure (2) defines, together with the one-piece valley area (2.2) which is closed or connected to the flank area (2.3), a closed volume of the surface structure (2) embossed in the steel sheet (1) by means of skin-passaging ).
  • FIGS. 2a), 2b) and 2c) each show schematic partial sectional views of different surface structures on a dressed steel sheet.
  • FIG. 2a) shows a schematic partial sectional view of a particularly coated steel sheet tempered with a stochastic surface structure, the surface structure having been tempered by means of an EDT-structured skin pass roller (not shown).
  • the surface structure is essentially completely filled or covered with a process medium (M), for example oil.
  • M process medium
  • the need for process media (M) is higher compared to the other two versions (Fig. 2b) and 2c)) because the surface structure in EDT is not designed as a closed structure but as an open structure.
  • FIG. 2b shows a schematic partial sectional view of a particularly coated sheet steel skinned with a deterministic surface structure, the surface structure having been skinned by means of a laser-structured skin pass roller (not shown), see EP 2 892 663 B1.
  • fewer process media (M) can be used since the surface structure is closed.
  • FIG. 2c The configuration according to the invention of a steel sheet (1, G), which is coated, in particular, and tempered with a deterministic surface structure (2) is shown schematically in FIG. 2c) in a partial sectional view, the surface structure (2) by means of a laser-structured skin-pass roller (not shown). , cf.
  • FIG. 3a shows an SEM image of a sheet metal topography provided with a zinc-based coating, the surface structure being embossed by means of a skin-pass roller (not shown), the surface of the skin-pass roller having been structured by means of a laser, see EP 2 892 663 Bl.
  • FIG. 3a shows an SEM image of a sheet metal topography provided with a zinc-based coating, the surface structure being embossed by means of a skin-pass roller (not shown), the surface of the skin-pass roller having been structured by means of a laser, see EP 2 892 663 Bl.
  • FIG. 3b shows an SEM image of the topography or deterministic surface structure (2) of a sheet steel () coated with a zinc-based coating (1.2), with the surface structure (2) was embossed by means of a skin-pass roller (not shown), where the surface of the skin-pass roller was structured by means of a laser, see EP 2 892 663 B1, but with the difference that the roughness Ra in the positive form on the The surface of the skin pass roller in the flank area (2.3) acting on the coated steel sheet (G) and to be produced has been set in a defined manner. The differently designed flank areas of the respective I structure are clearly visible.
  • VI and V4 correspond to steel sheets according to the invention (G) and V3 and V4 form reference sheets.
  • the difference between V3 and V4 and VI and V2 is that V3 and V4 were trained with a skin-pass roller with a deterministic surface structure and an undefined flank area, see embodiment Fig. 3a).
  • Table 1 shows a comparison of the steel sheets according to the invention () and reference sheets.
  • the determination of the roughness Ra was determined using the method specified in DIN EN ISO 4287 and the numerical values in the table refer to an area of 20 x 2 gm 2 , which only covers the flank area.
  • the roughness Ra in the steel sheets V3 and V4 was very small in the flank area.
  • Table 1 in relation to a strip drawing test, the cup drawing test according to DIN EN 1669, which was carried out on all four steel sheets VI to V4 under the same conditions, show essentially a positive result. The evaluation was based on the following criteria:
  • process medium coating (M) on the steel sheets VI and V2 coated according to the invention and treated with a deterministic surface structure could be reduced to less than 1 g / m 2 , the amount being sufficient to achieve a correspondingly good result.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to sheet steel (1, 1') which is skin pass rolled to have a deterministic surface structure (2), and to a method for the production thereof.

Description

Stahlblech mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur Sheet steel with a deterministic surface structure
Die Erfindung betrifft ein mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressiertes Stahl blech. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mit einer determi nistischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblechs. The invention relates to a sheet steel dressed with a deterministic surface structure. The invention also relates to a method for producing a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind gattungsgemäße mit einer deterministischen Oberflächen struktur dressierte Stahlbleche bekannt, s. zum Beispiel Patentschrift EP 2 892 663 Bl. From the prior art, generic steel sheets dressed with a deterministic surface structure are known, see for example patent specification EP 2 892 663 Bl.
Hinsichtlich des bekannten Standes der Technik besteht Optimierungsbedarf, insbesondere mit Blick auf eine Reduzierung des Bedarfs an Prozessmedien und/oder Prozessmedien bedarfsge recht zur Verfügung zu stellen. With regard to the known prior art, there is a need for optimization, in particular with a view to reducing the need for process media and / or making process media available as required.
Die Aufgabe ist daher, ein mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressiertes Stahl blech zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik gleichwertige bzw. bessere Eigenschaften bereitstellt. The task is therefore to provide a sheet steel skinned with a deterministic surface structure which, compared to the prior art, provides properties that are equivalent or better.
Die Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. The object is achieved with the features of claim 1.
Die Bereitstellung einer definierten Oberflächenstruktur auf einem dressierten Stahlblech ist we sentlich für weitere Prozesse insbesondere in der weiterverarbeitenden Industrie zur Herstel lung von Bauteilen für Automobile. Im Zuge der Bauteilherstellung, insbesondere in Umform prozessen ist es vorteilhaft, wenn verwendete Prozessmedien, wie zum Beispiel Öl und/oder Schmierstoffe, homogen und in notwendiger Auflage an umformprozessrelevanten Stellen vor handen sind. Diese umformprozessrelevanten Stellen sind in der Regel die Kontaktflächen von Stahlblech und formgebenden Werkzeugen - demnach nicht die Einprägungen in den Stahlble chen, in denen sich die Prozessmedien bevorzugt sammeln, sondern die Oberfläche in Form der Fläche der Erhebungen auf den Stahlblechen. Die Erfinder haben festgestellt, dass bei ei nem mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblech im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik gleichwertige bzw. bessere Eigenschaften bereitgestellt werden können, wenn die Oberflächenstruktur ausgehend von einer Oberfläche des Stahlblechs in das Stahl blech eingeprägt ist, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur einen Flankenbereich aufweist, welcher ausgehend von der Oberfläche bis zu einem Talbereich verläuft, wobei erfindungsgemäß zu mindest der Flankenbereich eine Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm aufweist, um den Bedarf an Pro zessmedium zu minimieren und/oder das Prozessmedium näher an bzw. angrenzend an um- formprozessrelevanten Stellen zu bevorraten. Durch eine definierte Einstellung der Rauheit Ra (arithmetischer Mittenrauwert), wobei die Methode zur Bestimmung des Ra-Wertes in der DIN ISO EN 4287 angegeben ist, zumindest im Flankenbereich der Oberflächenstruktur mit ei ner Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm, insbesondere größer 50 nm, vorzugsweise größer 100 nm, be vorzugt größer 150 nm, weiter bevorzugt größer 200 nm, kann insbesondere gezielt Einfluss auf die lokale Prozessmediumverteilung genommen werden, wobei insbesondere durch die er findungsgemäße Ausprägung der deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur ein Stahlblech mit ei ner bewussten Modellierung des Flankenbereichs zu besseren prozessrelevanten Eigenschaf ten der Stahlblechoberfläche führt, um das Prozessmedium zielgerichtet näher an die umform prozessrelevanten Stellen zu bringen. Durch die gezielt eingestellte Rauheit Ra kann eine ent sprechende Reaktionsfläche respektive Grenzschicht zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Die Rau heit Ra im Flankenbereich kann bei Bedarf auf maximal 800 nm, insbesondere auf maximal 700 nm, vorzugsweise auf maximal 600 nm, bevorzugt auf maximal 500 nm, besonders be vorzugt auf maximal 400 nm beschränkt sein, da die Oberfläche des Stahlblechs insbesonde re in einem der nachfolgenden formgebenden Schritte, wie zum Beispiel beim Tiefziehen, Aus strecken oder Biegen, großen Formänderungen, insbesondere an der Außenfaser des Stahl blechs unterliegt. An dieser Stelle kann es insbesondere im Zusammenspiel mit beispielsweise stark ausgeprägten Texturen der deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur, aufgrund der Kerbwir kung zu Spannungskonzentrationen und somit, falls ein Überzug vorliegt, zu einem Versagen des Überzugs kommen. The provision of a defined surface structure on a tempered steel sheet is essential for further processes, especially in the processing industry for the production of components for automobiles. In the course of component production, especially in forming processes, it is advantageous if the process media used, such as oil and / or lubricants, are available homogeneously and in the necessary quantities at points relevant to the forming process. These points relevant to the forming process are usually the contact surfaces between sheet steel and shaping tools - accordingly, not the embossments in the sheet steel, in which the process media preferentially collect, but the surface in the form of the area of the elevations on the sheet steel. The inventors have found that in the case of a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure, properties that are equivalent or better than the prior art can be provided if the surface structure is embossed into the steel sheet starting from a surface of the steel sheet, the surface structure being one Has flank area which, starting from the surface, runs down to a valley area, wherein according to the invention at least the flank area has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm in order to minimize the need for process medium and / or to place the process medium closer to or adjacent to the surrounding area. to keep positions relevant to the molding process in stock. By a defined setting of the roughness Ra (arithmetic mean roughness value), whereby the method for determining the Ra value is specified in DIN ISO EN 4287, at least in the flank area of the surface structure with a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm, in particular greater than 50 nm, preferably greater than 100 nm, preferably greater than 150 nm, more preferably greater than 200 nm, the local process medium distribution can in particular be influenced in a targeted manner, with a steel sheet with a conscious modeling of the flank area for better process-relevant properties in particular due to the inventive expression of the deterministic surface structure of the sheet steel surface in order to bring the process medium closer to the areas relevant to the forming process in a targeted manner. A corresponding reaction surface or boundary layer can be made available through the specifically set roughness Ra. The roughness Ra in the flank area can, if necessary, be limited to a maximum of 800 nm, in particular to a maximum of 700 nm, preferably to a maximum of 600 nm, preferably to a maximum of 500 nm, particularly preferably to a maximum of 400 nm, since the surface of the steel sheet in particular one of the subsequent shaping steps, such as for example during deep drawing, stretching or bending, is subject to major changes in shape, in particular on the outer fiber of the sheet steel. At this point, especially in conjunction with, for example, strongly pronounced textures of the deterministic surface structure, the notch effect can lead to stress concentrations and thus, if there is a coating, to a failure of the coating.
Unter deterministischer Oberflächenstruktur sind wiederkehrende Oberflächenstrukturen zu verstehen, welche eine definierte Form und/oder Ausgestaltung aufweisen, vgl. EP 2 892 663 Bl. Insbesondere gehören hierzu zudem Oberflächen mit einer (guasi-)stochas- tischen Anmutung, die jedoch mittels eines deterministischen Texturierungsverfahrens aufge bracht werden und sich somit aus deterministischen Formelementen zusammensetzen. A deterministic surface structure is understood to mean recurring surface structures which have a defined shape and / or configuration, cf. EP 2 892 663 Bl. In particular, this also includes surfaces with a (guasi-) stochastic appearance, which, however, are created by means of a deterministic texturing process are brought and are thus composed of deterministic form elements.
Unter Stahlblech ist allgemein ein Stahlflachprodukt zu verstehen, welches in Blechform bzw. in Platinenform oder in Bandform bereitgestellt werden kann. Sheet steel is generally to be understood as a flat steel product which can be provided in sheet form or in the form of a plate or in the form of a strip.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen gehen aus der nachfolgenden Be schreibung hervor. Ein oder mehrere Merkmale aus den Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung wie auch der Zeichnung können mit einem oder mehreren anderen Merkmalen daraus zu weiteren Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung verknüpft werden. Es können auch ein oder mehrere Merkmale aus den unabhängigen Ansprüchen durch ein oder mehrere andere Merkmale verknüpft wer den. Further advantageous refinements and developments can be found in the description below. One or more features from the claims, the description and also the drawing can be linked with one or more other features from them to form further embodiments of the invention. It can also have one or more characteristics linked from the independent claims by one or more other features.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlblechs weist die Oberflächenstruktur einen Flankenbereich auf, welcher ausgehend von der Oberfläche bis zu einem Talbereich ver läuft und zur Senkrechten des Stahlblechs mit einem Winkel zwischen 1° und 89° ausgebildet ist. Der Winkel kann insbesondere zwischen 50° und 87°, vorzugsweise zwischen 60° und 85°, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 65° und 82° ausgebildet sein. Der Tal- und Flankenbereich (ne gative Form) der Oberflächenstruktur entspricht im Wesentlichen der Oberfläche (positive Form) an einer Dressierwalze, welche durch entsprechende Einwirkung auf das Stahlblech die Ober flächenstruktur ausbildet, respektive einprägt. Der die Oberflächenstruktur umlaufende und ausbildende Flankenbereich definiert zusammen mit dem einstückig an den Flankenbereich an geschlossenen Talbereich ein geschlossenes Volumen der in das Stahlblech mittels Dressieren eingeprägte Oberflächenstruktur. Das geschlossene Volumen, das sogenannte Leervolumen, kann für die spätere Verarbeitung mittels Umformverfahren auf ein zu applizierendes Prozess medium, insbesondere Öl, abgestimmt sein. According to one embodiment of the steel sheet according to the invention, the surface structure has a flank area which, starting from the surface, runs down to a valley area and is formed at an angle between 1 ° and 89 ° to the perpendicular of the steel sheet. The angle can in particular be formed between 50 ° and 87 °, preferably between 60 ° and 85 °, particularly preferably between 65 ° and 82 °. The valley and flank area (negative shape) of the surface structure essentially corresponds to the surface (positive shape) on a skin pass roller, which forms or impresses the surface structure by corresponding action on the steel sheet. The flank area surrounding and forming the surface structure, together with the valley area closed in one piece on the flank area, defines a closed volume of the surface structure embossed in the steel sheet by means of skin-passaging. The closed volume, the so-called empty volume, can be adapted to a process medium to be applied, in particular oil, for later processing by means of a forming process.
Die geometrische Ausgestaltung (Größe und Tiefe) einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur (negative Form) auf einem dressierten Stahlblech hängt insbesondere davon ab, wie die ent sprechende geometrische Struktur (positive Form) auf einer Dressierwalze gestaltet ist/wird. Vorzugsweise kommen Laser-Texturierverfahren zur Anwendung, um gezielte Strukturen (posi tive Form) auf der Oberfläche einer Dressierwalze durch Materialabtrag einstellen zu können. Insbesondere kann durch gezielte Ansteuerung der Energie, der Pulsdauer und Wahl einer ge eigneten Wellenlänge eines auf die Oberfläche der Dressierwalze einwirkenden Laserstrahls po sitiv Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Struktur(en) genommen werden. Mit hoher bzw. höherer Pulsdauer steigt die Wechselwirkungszeit von Laserstrahl und Dressierwalzenoberfläche und es kann mehr Material auf der Oberfläche der Dressierwalze abgetragen werden. Ein Puls hinter lässt auf der Dressierwalzenoberfläche einen im Wesentlichen kreisrunden Krater, der bzw. die, bei mehreren Kratern, nach dem Dressiervorgang die Oberfläche respektive die Fläche der Er hebungen auf dem Stahlblech und somit die Kontaktfläche zwischen Stahlblech und formge benden Werkzeug abbildet. Eine Reduktion der Pulsdauer hat Einfluss auf die Ausbildung eines Kraters, insbesondere kann der Durchmesser des Kraters verringert werden. Durch die Redukti on der Pulsdauer, insbesondere bei der Verwendung von Kurz- bzw. Ultrakurzpulslasern, ist es möglich, die geometrische Struktur (positive Form) auf der Oberfläche einer Dressierwalze der art gezielt einzustellen, um damit eine Stahlblechoberfläche derart zu texturieren, dass im Flan- kenbereich der Oberflächenstruktur des dressierten Stahlblechs eine definierte Rauheit Ra er zeugtwerden kann. Dies wird beispielsweise erreicht, wenn die Pulsdauer des Lasers, mit dem die Oberfläche der Dressierwalze texturiert wird, verringert wird und so die geometrische Struk tur auf der Walze mit höherer Auflösung erzeugt werden kann. Insbesondere durch die hohe Auflösung bzw. geringe Kraterfläche, die durch die kürzere Wechselwirkung von Laser und Dressierwalze entsteht, können am Flankenbereich gezielt rauere Flächen und beliebige Stei gungen (Winkel) des Flankenbereichs eingestellt werden. The geometric configuration (size and depth) of a deterministic surface structure (negative shape) on a tempered steel sheet depends in particular on how the corresponding geometric structure (positive shape) is designed on a skin-pass roller. Laser texturing processes are preferably used in order to be able to set specific structures (positive shape) on the surface of a skin pass roller by removing material. In particular, through targeted control of the energy, the pulse duration and the selection of a suitable wavelength of a laser beam acting on the surface of the skin-pass roller, the design of the structure (s) can be positively influenced. With a higher or higher pulse duration, the interaction time of the laser beam and skin-pass roller surface increases and more material can be removed from the surface of the skin-pass roller. A pulse leaves an essentially circular crater on the skin-pass roller surface which, if there are several craters, maps the surface or the area of the elevations on the steel sheet and thus the contact area between the steel sheet and the forming tool after the skin-pass process. A reduction in the pulse duration has an influence on the formation of a crater; in particular, the diameter of the crater can be reduced. By reducing the pulse duration, especially when using short or ultra-short pulse lasers, it is possible to specifically set the geometric structure (positive shape) on the surface of a skin pass roller in order to texturize a sheet steel surface in such a way that in the flan - ken area of the surface structure of the dressed steel sheet a defined roughness Ra he can be generated. This is achieved, for example, if the pulse duration of the laser with which the surface of the skin pass roller is textured is reduced and the geometric structure can be generated on the roller with a higher resolution. In particular, due to the high resolution or small crater area, which results from the shorter interaction between the laser and skin-pass roller, rougher surfaces and any inclines (angles) of the flank area can be set on the flank area.
Die gezielte Einstellung der Rauheit im Flankenbereich und optional die definierte Einstellung des Winkels des Flankenbereichs kann nicht nur für Umformprozesse von Nutzen sein. Insbe sondere die gezielte Variation des Winkels gekoppelt mit der Einstellung der Rauheit im Flan kenbereich ermöglichen mehr Freiheitsgrade bei der Funktionalisierung der Stahlblechoberflä che. The targeted setting of the roughness in the flank area and optionally the defined setting of the angle of the flank area can not only be useful for forming processes. In particular, the targeted variation of the angle coupled with the adjustment of the roughness in the flank area allow more degrees of freedom in the functionalization of the sheet steel surface.
So kann durch die gezielte Einstellung der Rauheit Ra im Flankenbereich eine definierte und/oder große Reaktionsfläche beispielsweise für eine chemische (Nach-)Behandlung, insbe sondere in Form einer Reinigung und/oder einer Phosphatierung zwischen dressiertem Stahl blech und Prozessmedium bereitgestellt werden. Vorzugsweise stellt die gezielt eingestellte Rauheit Ra des Flankenbereichs bei der Reinigung eine Oberflächenbeschaffenheit bereit, so- dass beispielsweise störende Auflagen auf der Grenzschicht, insbesondere Oxidbelegungen, relativ einfach zumindest teilweise und/oder bereichsweise entfernt werden können, insbeson dere ohne die Rauheit der Oberflächenstruktur im Flankenbereich negativ zu beeinflussen. By specifically setting the roughness Ra in the flank area, a defined and / or large reaction surface, for example for chemical (post) treatment, in particular in the form of cleaning and / or phosphating, can be provided between the dressed sheet steel and the process medium. The specifically set roughness Ra of the flank area preferably provides a surface quality during cleaning so that, for example, disruptive deposits on the boundary layer, in particular oxide deposits, can be removed relatively easily at least partially and / or in areas, in particular without the roughness of the surface structure in the flank area affect negatively.
Beispielsweise kann auch die Klebeignung des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlblechs im Wesentli chen durch die gezielt eingestellte Rauheit im Flankenbereich eine optimale und/oder große Grenzfläche zur Verfügung stellen, um dem Klebstoff eine entsprechende Reaktionsfläche an zubieten. For example, the suitability of the steel sheet according to the invention to be adhesively bonded can essentially provide an optimal and / or large interface due to the targeted roughness in the flank area in order to offer the adhesive a corresponding reaction surface.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlblechs ist das Stahlblech mit einem metallischen Überzug beschichtet, insbesondere mit einem zinkbasierten Überzug, welcher durch Schmelztauchbeschichten aufgebracht ist. Vorzugsweise kann der Überzug neben Zink und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen zusätzliche Elemente wie Aluminium mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% und/oder Magnesium mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% in dem Über zug enthalten. Stahlbleche mit zinkbasiertem Überzug weisen einen sehr guten kathodischen Korrosionsschutz auf, welche seit Jahren im Automobilbau eingesetzt werden. Ist ein verbes- serter Korrosionsschutz vorgesehen, weist der Überzug zusätzlich Magnesium mit einem Gehalt von mindestens 0,3 Gew.-%, insbesondere von mindestens 0,6 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von mindestens 0,9 Gew.-% auf. Aluminium kann alternativ oder zusätzlich zu Magnesium mit ei nem Gehalt von mindestens 0,3 Gew.-% vorhanden sein, um insbesondere eine Anbindung des Überzugs an das Stahlblech zu verbessern und insbesondere eine Diffusion von Eisen aus dem Stahlblech in den Überzug bei einer Wärmebehandlung des beschichteten Stahlblechs im Wesentlichen zu verhindern, damit die positiven Korrosionseigenschaften weiterhin erhalten bleiben. Dabei kann eine Dicke des Überzugs zwischen 1 und 15 pm, insbesondere zwischen 2 und 12 pm, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 und 10 pm betragen. Unterhalb der Mindestgrenze kann kein ausreichender kathodischer Korrosionsschutz gewährleistet werden und oberhalb der Höchstgrenze können Fügeprobleme beim Verbinden des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlblechs re spektive eines daraus gefertigten Bauteils mit einem anderen Bauteil auftreten, insbesondere kann bei Überschreiten der Dicke des Überzugs angegebenen Höchstgrenze kein stabiler Pro zess beim thermischen Fügen bzw. Schweißen sichergestellt werden. Beim Schmelztauchbe schichten werden zunächst die Stahlbleche mit einem entsprechenden Überzug beschichtet und anschließend dem Dressieren zugeführt. Das Dressieren erfolgt nach dem Schmelztauchbe schichten des Stahlblechs. According to one embodiment of the steel sheet according to the invention, the steel sheet is coated with a metallic coating, in particular with a zinc-based coating which is applied by hot-dip coating. In addition to zinc and unavoidable impurities, the coating can preferably contain additional elements such as aluminum with a content of up to 5% by weight and / or magnesium with a content of up to 5% by weight in the coating. Steel sheets with a zinc-based coating have very good cathodic corrosion protection, which has been used in automotive engineering for years. Is an improved If corrosion protection is provided, the coating additionally has magnesium with a content of at least 0.3% by weight, in particular of at least 0.6% by weight, preferably of at least 0.9% by weight. As an alternative or in addition to magnesium, aluminum can be present with a content of at least 0.3% by weight, in particular to improve bonding of the coating to the steel sheet and in particular a diffusion of iron from the steel sheet into the coating during a heat treatment of the essentially to prevent coated steel sheet so that the positive corrosion properties are retained. A thickness of the coating can be between 1 and 15 μm, in particular between 2 and 12 μm, preferably between 3 and 10 μm. Below the minimum limit, no adequate cathodic corrosion protection can be guaranteed and above the maximum limit, joining problems can occur when joining the steel sheet according to the invention or a component made from it with another component; in particular, if the maximum limit specified in the thickness of the coating is exceeded, no stable process during thermal joining can occur or welding can be ensured. In the case of hot-dip coating, the steel sheets are first coated with an appropriate coating and then passed to the skin pass. The skin pass takes place after the hot-dip coating of the steel sheet.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlblechs ist das Stahlblech mit einem metallischen Überzug, insbesondere einem zinkbasierten Überzug beschichtet, wel cher durch elektrolytisches Beschichten aufgebracht ist. Dabei kann eine Dicke des Überzugs zwischen 1 und 10 pm, insbesondere zwischen 1,5 und 8 pm, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 5 pm betragen. Im Vergleich zum Schmelztauchbeschichten kann das Stahlblech zunächst dressiert und anschließend elektrolytisch beschichtet werden. Je nach Dicke des Überzugs kann die Rauheit im Flankenbereich im Wesentlichen auch nach dem elektrolytischen Beschichten beibehalten werden. Alternativ ist auch zunächst ein elektrolytisches Beschichten mit anschlie ßendem Dressieren denkbar. According to an alternative embodiment of the steel sheet according to the invention, the steel sheet is coated with a metallic coating, in particular a zinc-based coating, which is applied by electrolytic coating. A thickness of the coating can be between 1 and 10 μm, in particular between 1.5 and 8 μm, preferably between 2 and 5 μm. In comparison to hot-dip coating, the steel sheet can first be skin-passed and then electrolytically coated. Depending on the thickness of the coating, the roughness in the flank area can essentially be retained even after the electrolytic coating. Alternatively, an electrolytic coating with subsequent skin-passing is also conceivable.
Denkbar ist auch, dass kein Überzug, beispielsweise kein metallischer Überzug, vorgesehen ist. Denkbar ist es auch, dass das Stahlblech mit einem nichtmetallischen Überzug beispielsweise in einer Bandbeschichtungsanlage beschichtet wird/ist, wobei das Stahlblech vor oder nach der Beschichtung mit einem nichtmetallischen Überzug dressiert wird. It is also conceivable that no coating, for example no metallic coating, is provided. It is also conceivable that the steel sheet is / is coated with a non-metallic coating, for example in a coil coating system, the steel sheet being coated with a non-metallic coating before or after the coating.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlblechs ist das insbesondere be schichtete Stahlblech zusätzlich mit einem Prozessmedium, insbesondere mit einem Öl verse- hen, wobei insbesondere das Prozessmedium mit einer Auflage bis zu 2 g/m2 in der Oberflä chenstruktur aufgenommen ist. Aufgrund der Dimensionierung der Oberflächenstruktur besteht nur wenig Bedarf an Prozessmedien, sodass die Auflage bis zu 2 g/m2, insbesondere bis zu 1,5 g/m2, vorzugsweise bis zu 1 g/m2, bevorzugt bis zu 0,6 g/m2, weiter bevorzugt bis zu 0,4 g/m2 begrenzt ist. Insbesondere durch die Rauheit und in Verbindung mit der entsprechen den Reaktionsfläche im Flankenbereich lagert sich das Prozessmedium nach dem Aufbringen im Wesentlichen im Flankenbereich und optional am Übergang zwischen Flankenbereich und Talbereich der Oberflächenstruktur ab und steht für weitere Prozesse, wie zum Beispiel für form gebende Prozesse, vorzugsweise für Tiefziehprozesse, näher an bzw. angrenzend an umform prozessrelevanten Stellen bereit, um die Schmierung zu verbessern und die Reibung und somit den Verschleiß der formgebenden Mittel, wie zum Beispiel Formgebungsvorrichtungen, vor zugsweise (Tiefzieh-) Pressen, zu reduzieren. Insbesondere kann eine Anlagerung des Prozess mediums an tribologisch ungünstigen Bereichen, die nicht zur Prozessmediumzufuhr in die ei gentliche Kontakt- bzw. Reibzone beitragen, wirksam unterdrückt werden. Somit hat das erfin dungsgemäße Stahlblech mit geringem Prozessmediumbedarf sehr gute tribologische Eigen schaften und ist im Vergleich zu dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten, insbesondere be- ölten Stahlblechen umweltschonender insbesondere durch geringeren Ressourceneinsatz. According to one embodiment of the steel sheet according to the invention, the particularly coated steel sheet is additionally sprinkled with a process medium, in particular with an oil. hen, with the process medium in particular being incorporated into the surface structure with a layer of up to 2 g / m 2. Due to the dimensioning of the surface structure, there is little need for process media, so that the layer can be up to 2 g / m 2 , in particular up to 1.5 g / m 2 , preferably up to 1 g / m 2 , preferably up to 0.6 g / m 2 , more preferably up to 0.4 g / m 2 . In particular, due to the roughness and in connection with the corresponding reaction surface in the flank area, the process medium is deposited after application essentially in the flank area and optionally at the transition between the flank area and valley area of the surface structure and stands for further processes, such as shaping processes, preferably for deep-drawing processes, closer to or adjacent to forming process-relevant points in order to improve the lubrication and to reduce the friction and thus the wear of the shaping means, such as shaping devices, preferably before (deep-drawing) presses. In particular, accumulation of the process medium in tribologically unfavorable areas that do not contribute to the process medium supply into the actual contact or friction zone can be effectively suppressed. The steel sheet according to the invention thus has very good tribological properties with a low process medium requirement and is more environmentally friendly in comparison to the, in particular oiled, steel sheets known from the prior art, in particular due to the lower use of resources.
Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mit ei ner deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblechs umfassend folgende Schrit te: According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure, comprising the following steps:
- Bereitstellen eines Stahlblechs, - Provision of a steel sheet,
- Dressieren des Stahlblechs mit einer Dressierwalze, wobei die Oberfläche der Dressierwal ze, welche auf die Oberfläche des Stahlblechs einwirkt, mit einer deterministischen Oberflä chenstruktur derart eingerichtet ist, dass nach dem Dressieren die Oberflächenstruktur aus gehend von einer Oberfläche des Stahlblechs in das Stahlblech eingeprägt ist, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur einen Flankenbereich aufweist, welcher ausgehend von der Oberfläche bis zu einem Talbereich verläuft und wobei zumindest der Flankenbereich eine Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm aufweist. Skin-passing of the steel sheet with a skin-pass roller, the surface of the skin-pass roller, which acts on the surface of the steel sheet, is set up with a deterministic surface structure in such a way that, after skin-passing, the surface structure is embossed into the steel sheet starting from a surface of the steel sheet wherein the surface structure has a flank area which, starting from the surface, extends to a valley area and wherein at least the flank area has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm.
Die Oberfläche (positive Form) der Dressierwalze bildet durch Krafteinwirkung auf die Oberflä che des Stahlblechs eine Oberflächenstruktur aus, welche einen Tal- und Flankenbereich (ne gative Form) definiert und entspricht im Wesentlichen der Oberfläche (positive Form) der Dres sierwalze. Die Dressierwalze zur Ausbildung einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur kann mit geeigneten Mitteln bearbeitet werden, beispielsweise mittels Laser, vgl. auch EP 2 892 663 Bl. Des Weiteren können auch andere Abtragverfahren zur Einstellung einer Oberfläche an einer Dressierwalze eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise spanende Fertigungsver fahren mit geometrisch bestimmter oder unbestimmter Schneide, chemische bzw. elektroche mische, optische oder plasmainduzierte Verfahren, welche geeignet sind, ein zu dressierendes Stahlblech mit einer Oberflächenstruktur umsetzen zu können, welches zumindest im Flanken bereich eine Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm aufweist. The surface (positive shape) of the skin pass roller forms a surface structure through the action of force on the surface of the sheet steel, which defines a valley and flank area (negative shape) and essentially corresponds to the surface (positive shape) of the dressing roller. The skin pass roller for the formation of a deterministic surface structure can be processed with suitable means, for example by means of a laser, see also EP 2 892 663 Bl. Furthermore, other ablation processes can also be used to adjust a surface on a skin pass roller, for example machining production processes with geometrically determined or indeterminate cutting edges, chemical or electrochemical, optical or plasma-induced processes which are suitable To be able to implement dressing sheet steel with a surface structure which, at least in the flank area, has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm.
Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird jeweils auf die Ausführungen zu dem erfindungsgemä ßen mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblech verwiesen. In order to avoid repetition, reference is made in each case to the explanations relating to the steel sheet according to the invention, which is dressed with a deterministic surface structure.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vor dem Bereitstellen des Stahlblechs das Stahlblech durch Schmelztauchbeschichten beschichtet. Vorzugsweise kann die Schmelze zum Schmelztauchbeschichten neben Zink und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigun gen zusätzliche Elemente wie Aluminium mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% und/oder Ma gnesium mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% enthalten. According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, before the steel sheet is provided, the steel sheet is coated by hot-dip coating. In addition to zinc and unavoidable impurities, the melt for hot-dip coating can preferably contain additional elements such as aluminum with a content of up to 5% by weight and / or magnesium with a content of up to 5% by weight.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird nach dem Dressieren des Stahlblechs das dressierte Stahlblech durch elektrolytisches Beschichten be schichtet. According to an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, after skin-passaging of the steel sheet, the skin-passed steel sheet is coated by electrolytic coating.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Stahlblech nach dem Dressieren zusätzlich mit Prozessmedium, vorzugsweise mit Öl, versehen, wobei das Prozess medium mit einer Auflage bis zu 2 g/m2, weiter bevorzugt mit einer Auflage bis zu 0,4 g/m2 auf gebracht wird. According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the steel sheet is additionally provided with process medium, preferably with oil, after skin passing, the process medium with a coating of up to 2 g / m 2 , more preferably a coating of up to 0.4 g / m 2 2 is brought on.
Im Folgenden werden konkrete Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung mit Bezugnahme auf die Zeich nung im Detail näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung und begleitende Beschreibung der resultieren den Merkmale sind nicht beschränkend auf die jeweiligen Ausgestaltungen zu lesen, dienen je doch der Illustration beispielhafter Ausgestaltung. Weiterhin können die jeweiligen Merkmale untereinander wie auch mit Merkmalen der obigen Beschreibung genutzt werden für mögliche weitere Entwicklungen und Verbesserungen der Erfindung, speziell bei zusätzlichen Ausgestal tungen, welche nicht dargestellt sind. Gleiche Teile sind stets mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. In the following, specific embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The drawing and accompanying description of the resulting features are not to be read in a limiting manner to the respective configurations, but serve to illustrate exemplary configurations. Furthermore, the respective features can be used with one another as well as with features of the above description for possible further developments and improvements of the invention, especially in the case of additional configurations which are not shown. The same parts are always provided with the same reference numerals.
Die Zeichnung zeigt in Figur 1) eine schematische Teilschnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Aus führungsbeispiels eines mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruk tur dressierten Stahlblechs, The drawing shows in FIG. 1) a schematic partial sectional view of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of a steel sheet dressed with a deterministic surface structure,
Figur 2a), 2b) und 2c) jeweils schematische Teilschnittansichten unterschiedlicher Oberflä chenstrukturen auf einem dressierten Stahlblech gemäß dem Stand der Technik in Figuren 2a) und 2b) sowie eine erfindungsgemäße Oberflä chenstruktur auf einem dressierten Stahlblech in Figur 2c) und Figur 3a) und 3b) jeweils in einer REM-Aufnahme ein Teil eines beschichteten, mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblechs nach dem Stand der Technik (Fig. 3a)) und gemäß eines erfindungsgemä ßen Ausführungsbeispiels (Fig. 3b)). 2a), 2b) and 2c) each schematic partial sectional views of different surface structures on a molded steel sheet according to the prior art in Figures 2a) and 2b) and a surface structure according to the invention on a molded steel sheet in Figure 2c) and Figures 3a) and 3b ) a part of a coated steel sheet, dressed with a deterministic surface structure, according to the prior art (FIG. 3a)) and according to an exemplary embodiment according to the invention (FIG. 3b)) in each case in an SEM image.
In Figur 1) ist eine schematische Teilschnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbei spiels eines mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur (2) dressierten Stahlblechs (1, ) dargestellt. Das Stahlblech (1, ) kann ein unbeschichtetes Stahlblech (1) sein, also keinen insbesondere metallischen Überzug bzw. nichtmetallischen Überzug aufweisen, oder ein mit ei nem metallischen Überzug (1.2) beschichtetes Stahlblech (G). Die Oberflächenstruktur (2) ist ausgehend von einer Oberfläche (1.1) des Stahlblechs (1) in das Stahlblech (1, ) eingeprägt, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur (2) einen Flankenbereich (2.3) aufweist, welcher ausgehend von der Oberfläche (1.1) bis zu einem Talbereich (2.2) verläuft. Zumindest der Flankenbereich (2.2) weist eine Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm auf. Abhängig von dem Abtragverfahren, mit welchem die entsprechende Dressierwalze (nicht dargestellt) zum Dressieren des Stahlblechs (1, ) bear beitet worden ist, wird der Flankenbereich (2.3) und der Talbereich (2.2) durch den entspre chend korrespondierenden Bereich (positive Form) auf der nicht dargestellten Dressierwalze eingestellt. Des Weiteren ist in Figur 1) gut zu erkennen, dass die Oberflächenstruktur (2) einen Flankenbereich (2.3) aufweist, welcher ausgehend von der Oberfläche (1.1) bis zu einem Tal bereich (2.2) verläuft und zur Senkrechten (0) des Stahlblechs (1, G) mit einem Winkel (a) zwi schen 1° und 89° ausgebildet ist. Der die Oberflächenstruktur (2) umlaufende und ausbildende Flankenbereich (2.3) definiert zusammen mit dem einstückig an den Flankenbereich (2.3) an geschlossenen bzw. angebundenen Talbereich (2.2) ein geschlossenes Volumen der in das Stahlblech (1, ) mittels Dressieren eingeprägten Oberflächenstruktur (2). FIG. 1) shows a schematic partial sectional view of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of a steel sheet (1,) dressed with a deterministic surface structure (2). The steel sheet (1) can be an uncoated steel sheet (1), that is to say it has no, in particular, metallic coating or non-metallic coating, or a steel sheet (G) coated with a metallic coating (1.2). The surface structure (2) is embossed into the steel sheet (1) starting from a surface (1.1) of the steel sheet (1), the surface structure (2) having a flank area (2.3) which, starting from the surface (1.1) up to a valley area (2.2) runs. At least the flank area (2.2) has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm. Depending on the removal process with which the corresponding skin-pass roller (not shown) for skin-passing the steel sheet (1,) has been processed, the flank area (2.3) and the valley area (2.2) through the corresponding area (positive shape) the skin pass roller, not shown, is set. Furthermore, in Figure 1) it can be clearly seen that the surface structure (2) has a flank area (2.3) which, starting from the surface (1.1), runs to a valley area (2.2) and to the perpendicular (0) of the steel sheet ( 1, G) is formed at an angle (a) between 1 ° and 89 °. The flank area (2.3) encircling and forming the surface structure (2) defines, together with the one-piece valley area (2.2) which is closed or connected to the flank area (2.3), a closed volume of the surface structure (2) embossed in the steel sheet (1) by means of skin-passaging ).
In den Figur 2a), 2b) und 2c) sind jeweils schematische Teilschnittansichten unterschiedlicher Oberflächenstrukturen auf einem dressierten Stahlblech gezeigt. Figur 2a) zeigt eine schematische Teilschnittansicht eines insbesondere beschichteten, mit ei ner stochastischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblechs, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur mittels einer EDT-strukturierten Dressierwalze (nicht dargestellt) dressiert worden ist. Die Ober flächenstruktur ist im Wesentlichen vollständig gefüllt bzw. bedeckt mit einem Prozessmedium (M), beispielsweise Öl. Der Bedarf an Prozessmedien (M) ist im Vergleich zu den beiden ande ren Ausführungen (Fig. 2b) und 2c)) höher, da die Oberflächenstruktur bei EDT nicht als ge schlossene Struktur sondern als offene Struktur ausgeführt ist. FIGS. 2a), 2b) and 2c) each show schematic partial sectional views of different surface structures on a dressed steel sheet. FIG. 2a) shows a schematic partial sectional view of a particularly coated steel sheet tempered with a stochastic surface structure, the surface structure having been tempered by means of an EDT-structured skin pass roller (not shown). The surface structure is essentially completely filled or covered with a process medium (M), for example oil. The need for process media (M) is higher compared to the other two versions (Fig. 2b) and 2c)) because the surface structure in EDT is not designed as a closed structure but as an open structure.
Figur 2b) zeigt eine schematische Teilschnittansicht eines insbesondere beschichteten, mit ei ner deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblechs, wobei die Oberflächen struktur mittels einer Laser-strukturierten Dressierwalze (nicht dargestellt), vgl. EP 2 892 663 Bl, dressiert worden ist. Im Vergleich zu Fig. 2a) kann weniger Prozessmedi en (M) verwendet werden, da die Oberflächenstruktur geschlossen ist. FIG. 2b) shows a schematic partial sectional view of a particularly coated sheet steel skinned with a deterministic surface structure, the surface structure having been skinned by means of a laser-structured skin pass roller (not shown), see EP 2 892 663 B1. In comparison to FIG. 2a), fewer process media (M) can be used since the surface structure is closed.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung eines insbesondere beschichteten, mit einer determinis tischen Oberflächenstruktur (2) dressierten Stahlblechs (1, G) ist schematisch in Figur 2c) in einer Teilschnittansicht dargestellt, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur (2) mittels einer Laser-struk turierten Dressierwalze (nicht dargestellt), vgl. auch EP 2 892 663 Bl, dressiert worden ist, je doch mit dem Unterschied, dass die Rauheit in der positiven Form an der Oberfläche der Dres sierwalze in dem auf das Stahlblech (1, ) einwirkenden und zu erzeugenden Flankenbereich (2.3) definiert eingestellt worden ist, sodass sich am dressierten Stahlblech (1, ) eine deter ministische Oberflächenstruktur (2) im Flankenbereich (2.3) mit einer Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm, insbesondere größer 50 nm, vorzugsweise größer 100 nm, bevorzugt größer 150 nm, weiter bevorzugt größer 200 nm einstellt. Dadurch können der Bedarf an Prozessmedien (M) im Ver gleich zu den anderen Ausführungen (Fig. 2a) und 2b)) weiter minimiert und näher an bzw. an grenzend an umformprozessrelevanten Stellen (1.1) bevorratet werden. The configuration according to the invention of a steel sheet (1, G), which is coated, in particular, and tempered with a deterministic surface structure (2) is shown schematically in FIG. 2c) in a partial sectional view, the surface structure (2) by means of a laser-structured skin-pass roller (not shown). , cf. also EP 2 892 663 B1, but with the difference that the roughness in the positive form on the surface of the Dres sierwalze in the flank area (2.3) acting on the steel sheet (1,) and to be generated has been set in a defined manner, so that a deterministic surface structure (2) in the flank area (2.3) with a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm, in particular greater than 50 nm, preferably greater than 100 nm, preferably greater than 150 nm, continues on the dressed steel sheet (1,) preferably greater than 200 nm. As a result, the requirement for process media (M) can be further minimized in comparison to the other versions (FIGS. 2a) and 2b)) and stored closer to or adjacent to points (1.1) relevant to the forming process.
Eine deterministische Oberflächenstruktur ist am Beispiel einer immer wiederkehrenden l-för- migen Einprägung untersucht worden. Andere Ausführungsformen sind ebenfalls denkbar und anwendbar und nicht auf eine I-förmige Einprägung beschränkt. In Figur 3a) ist eine REM-Auf- nahme einer mit einem zinkbasierten Überzug versehenen Blechtopografie dargestellt, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur mittels einer Dressierwalze (nicht dargestellt) eingeprägt wurde, wobei die Oberfläche der Dressierwalze mittels Laser strukturiert worden ist, vgl. EP 2 892 663 Bl. In Figur 3b) ist eine REM-Aufnahme der Topografie bzw. deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur (2) eines mit einem zinkbasierten Überzug (1.2) dressierten Stahlblechs ( ) dargestellt, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur (2) mittels einer Dressierwalze (nicht dargestellt) eingeprägt wurde, wo bei die Oberfläche der Dressierwalze mittels Laser strukturiert worden ist, vgl. EP 2 892 663 Bl, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass die Rauheit Ra in der positiven Form an der Oberfläche der Dressierwalze in dem auf das beschichtete Stahlblech (G) einwirkenden und zu erzeugenden Flankenbereich (2.3) definiert eingestellt worden ist. Gut zu erkennen, sind die unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Flankenbereiche der jeweiligen I-Struktur. A deterministic surface structure has been investigated using the example of a recurring L-shaped imprint. Other embodiments are also conceivable and applicable and are not restricted to an I-shaped impression. FIG. 3a) shows an SEM image of a sheet metal topography provided with a zinc-based coating, the surface structure being embossed by means of a skin-pass roller (not shown), the surface of the skin-pass roller having been structured by means of a laser, see EP 2 892 663 Bl. FIG. 3b) shows an SEM image of the topography or deterministic surface structure (2) of a sheet steel () coated with a zinc-based coating (1.2), with the surface structure (2) was embossed by means of a skin-pass roller (not shown), where the surface of the skin-pass roller was structured by means of a laser, see EP 2 892 663 B1, but with the difference that the roughness Ra in the positive form on the The surface of the skin pass roller in the flank area (2.3) acting on the coated steel sheet (G) and to be produced has been set in a defined manner. The differently designed flank areas of the respective I structure are clearly visible.
Am Beispiel der Ausführung gemäß Fig. 3b) wurden zwei unbeschichtete und zwei schmelz- tauchbeschichtete Stahlbleche (1 , ) mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressiert. Untersucht wurden die Flankenbereiche der Blechtopografie mittels einer Rasterkraftmikrosko pie (AFM). Der Scanbereich der Rasterkraftmikroskopie wies eine Fläche von 90 x 90 pm2 auf, wobei die Rauheit Ra im Flankenbereich auf einer Fläche von 20 x 2 pm2 innerhalb des Scan bereichs ermittelt worden ist. Für die beiden unbeschichteten, dressierten Stahlbleche (1) wur de jeweils der Wert Ra=45,99 nm und Ra=51,48 nm und für die beiden beschichteten, dres sierten Stahlbelche ( ) jeweils der Wert Ra=131,07 nm und Ra= 205,40 nm bestimmt. Using the example of the embodiment according to FIG. 3b), two uncoated and two hot-dip coated steel sheets (1,) were dressed with a deterministic surface structure. The flank areas of the sheet metal topography were examined using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The scanning area of atomic force microscopy had an area of 90 × 90 μm 2 , the roughness Ra in the flank area being determined on an area of 20 × 2 μm 2 within the scanning area. The values Ra = 45.99 nm and Ra = 51.48 nm were used for the two uncoated, dressed steel sheets (1) and the values Ra = 131.07 nm and Ra for the two coated, dres-sized steel sheets () = 205.40 nm determined.
Für weitere Untersuchungen wurden vier beschichtete, dressierte Stahlbleche (VI bis V4) her angezogen. Die Art der Beschichtung wurde für alle Stahlbleche gleich gewählt, ein zinkbasier ter Überzug (Zink und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen), welcher im Feuerbeschichtungspro zess aufgebracht wurde und eine Dicke von ca. 7 pm einnahm. VI und V2 entsprechen erfin dungsgemäßen Stahlblechen (G) und V3 und V4 bilden Referenzbleche. Der Unterschied von V3 und V4 zu VI und V2 besteht darin, dass V3 und V4 mit einer Dressierwalze mit einer deter ministischen Oberflächenstruktur und einem Undefinierten Flankenbereich dressiert wurden, vgl. Ausführung Fig. 3a). In Tabelle 1 ist eine Gegenüberstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Stahl bleche ( ) und Referenzbleche angegeben. Four coated, tempered steel sheets (VI to V4) were used for further investigations. The type of coating was chosen the same for all steel sheets, a zinc-based coating (zinc and unavoidable impurities), which was applied in the hot-dip coating process and was approx. 7 μm thick. VI and V2 correspond to steel sheets according to the invention (G) and V3 and V4 form reference sheets. The difference between V3 and V4 and VI and V2 is that V3 and V4 were trained with a skin-pass roller with a deterministic surface structure and an undefined flank area, see embodiment Fig. 3a). Table 1 shows a comparison of the steel sheets according to the invention () and reference sheets.
Tabelle 1 Table 1
Die Bestimmung der Rauheit Ra (arithmetischer Mittenrauwert) wurde anhand der in der DIN EN ISO 4287 angegebenen Methode bestimmt und bezieht sich bei den Zahlenwerten in der Tabelle auf eine Fläche von 20 x 2 gm2, welche lediglich den Flankenbereich erfasst hat. Die Rauheit Ra bei den Stahlblechen V3 und V4 war in dem Flankenbereich sehr klein. Die An gaben in Tabelle 1 in Bezug auf einen Streifenziehversuch, der Napfziehversuch nach DIN EN 1669, welcher bei allen vier Stahlblechen VI bis V4 unter gleichen Bedingungen durch geführt wurde, zeigen im Wesentlichen ein positives Ergebnis. Bewertet wurde nach folgenden Kriterien: The determination of the roughness Ra (arithmetic mean roughness value) was determined using the method specified in DIN EN ISO 4287 and the numerical values in the table refer to an area of 20 x 2 gm 2 , which only covers the flank area. The roughness Ra in the steel sheets V3 and V4 was very small in the flank area. The information in Table 1 in relation to a strip drawing test, the cup drawing test according to DIN EN 1669, which was carried out on all four steel sheets VI to V4 under the same conditions, show essentially a positive result. The evaluation was based on the following criteria:
+++ bedeutet, dass keine Ausdünnung erkennbar ist, +++ means that no thinning can be seen,
++ bedeutet, dass sowohl der im Streifenziehversuch ermittelte Reibwert als auch die Ausdün nung am Auslauf der Stempelkante am geformten Stahlblech geringer ist (geringe Ausdünnung unter 5% der Ausgangsstahlblechdicke), ++ means that both the coefficient of friction determined in the strip drawing test and the thinning at the outlet of the punch edge on the formed sheet steel is lower (slight thinning less than 5% of the original sheet steel thickness),
+ bedeutet, dass die minimale Ausdünnung am umgeformten Stahlblech über 5% aber unter 10% der Ausgangsstahlblechdicke liegt. + means that the minimum thinning on the formed sheet steel is more than 5% but less than 10% of the original sheet steel thickness.
Die Angaben in Tabelle 1 in Bezug auf die Zugscherprüfung in Anlehnung an die DIN EN 1465, welche bei allen vier Stahlblechen VI bis V4 unter gleichen Bedingungen durchgeführt wurde, zeigen unterschiedliche Ergebnisse mit Blick auf die Klebeignung. Die Bewertung des Bruch verhaltens erfolgt in Anlehnung gemäß DIN EN ISO 10365, wobei die unten angegebenen Zah lenwerte anhand von Erfahrungswerten bestimmt wurden. Bewertet wurde nach folgenden Kri terien: The information in Table 1 in relation to the tensile shear test based on DIN EN 1465, which was carried out on all four steel sheets VI to V4 under the same conditions, shows different results with regard to the adhesion properties. The evaluation of the fracture behavior is based on DIN EN ISO 10365, whereby the numerical values given below were determined on the basis of empirical values. The evaluation was based on the following criteria:
++ bedeutet, dass der Anteil der kohäsiven Bruchfläche, welche im Rahmen der Zugscherprü fung als Bruchfläche im Klebstoff vorlag, mindestens 85% betrug, + bedeutet, dass der Anteil der kohäsiven Bruchfläche, welche im Rahmen der Zugscherprü fung als Bruchfläche im Klebstoff vorlag, zwischen 60% und kleiner 85% betrug, ++ means that the proportion of the cohesive fracture surface, which was present as the fracture surface in the adhesive during the tensile shear test, was at least 85%, + means that the proportion of the cohesive fracture surface, which was present as the fracture surface in the adhesive during the tensile shear test, was between 60% and less than 85%,
0 bedeutet, dass der Anteil der kohäsiven Bruchfläche, welche im Rahmen der Zugscherprü fung als Bruchfläche im Klebstoff vorlag, zwischen 40% und kleiner 60% betrug. 0 means that the proportion of the cohesive fracture surface, which was present as the fracture surface in the adhesive during the tensile shear test, was between 40% and less than 60%.
Zudem konnte gleichzeitig die Prozessmediumauflage (M) am erfindungsgemäß beschichteten, mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur dressierten Stahlblech VI und V2 auf unter halb von 1 g/m2 reduziert werden, wobei die Menge ausreichend war, um ein entsprechend gu tes Ergebnis zu erzielen. In addition, the process medium coating (M) on the steel sheets VI and V2 coated according to the invention and treated with a deterministic surface structure could be reduced to less than 1 g / m 2 , the amount being sufficient to achieve a correspondingly good result.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur (2) dressiertes Stahlblech (1 , ), wobei die Oberflächenstruktur (2) ausgehend von einer Oberfläche (1.1) des Stahlblechs (1, ) in das Stahlblech (1, ) eingeprägt ist, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur (2) einen Flan kenbereich (2.3) aufweist, welcher ausgehend von der Oberfläche (1.1) bis zu einem Talbereich (2.2) verläuft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest der Flankenbereich (2.3) eine Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm aufweist. 1. Steel sheet (1,) dressed with a deterministic surface structure (2), the surface structure (2) being embossed into the steel sheet (1,) starting from a surface (1.1) of the steel sheet (1,), the surface structure (2 ) has a flank area (2.3) which extends from the surface (1.1) to a valley area (2.2), characterized in that at least the flank area (2.3) has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm.
2. Stahlblech nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Flankenbereich (2.3) zur Senkrechten (0) des Stahlblechs (1, ) mit einem Winkel (a) zwischen 1° und 89° ausgebildet ist. 2. Steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the flank region (2.3) to the perpendicular (0) of the steel sheet (1,) is formed with an angle (a) between 1 ° and 89 °.
3. Stahlblech nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Stahlblech ( ) einen metallischen Überzug (1.2) aufweist. 3. Steel sheet according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel sheet () has a metallic coating (1.2).
4. Stahlblech nach Anspruch 3, wobei das Stahlblech ( ) mit einem zinkbasierten Über zug beschichtet ist, welcher durch Schmelztauchbeschichten aufgebracht ist, wobei vor zugsweise der Überzug (1.2) neben Zink und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen zusätz liche Elemente wie Aluminium mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% und/oder Magne sium mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% in dem Überzug (1.2) enthalten kann. 4. Steel sheet according to claim 3, wherein the steel sheet () is coated with a zinc-based over train, which is applied by hot dip coating, preferably before the coating (1.2) in addition to zinc and unavoidable impurities additional elements such as aluminum with a content of up to 5 wt .-% and / or magnesium with a content of up to 5 wt .-% in the coating (1.2) may contain.
5. Stahlblech nach Anspruch 3, wobei das Stahlblech ( ) mit einem zinkbasierten Über zug (1.2) beschichtet ist, welcher durch elektrolytisches Beschichten aufgebracht ist. 5. Steel sheet according to claim 3, wherein the steel sheet () is coated with a zinc-based over train (1.2) which is applied by electrolytic coating.
6. Stahlblech nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Stahlblech (1, G) zu sätzlich mit einem Prozessmedium (M) versehen ist, wobei insbesondere das Prozess medium (M) mit einer Auflage bis zu 2 g/m2 in der Oberflächenstruktur (2) aufgenom men ist. 6. Steel sheet according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel sheet (1, G) is additionally provided with a process medium (M), in particular the process medium (M) with a layer of up to 2 g / m 2 in the surface structure ( 2) is included.
7. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mit einer deterministischen Oberflächenstruktur (2) dressierten Stahlblechs (1, ) umfassend folgende Schritte: 7. A method for producing a steel sheet (1,) dressed with a deterministic surface structure (2) comprising the following steps:
- Bereitstellen eines Stahlblechs, - Provision of a steel sheet,
- Dressieren des Stahlblechs mit einer Dressierwalze, wobei die Oberfläche der Dres sierwalze, welche auf die Oberfläche des Stahlblechs einwirkt, mit einer deterministi schen Oberflächenstruktur derart eingerichtet ist, dass nach dem Dressieren die Oberflächenstruktur (2) ausgehend von einer Oberfläche (1.1) des Stahlblechs (1, ) in das Stahlblech (1, ) eingeprägt ist, wobei die Oberflächenstruktur (2) einen Flankenbereich (2.3) aufweist, welcher ausgehend von der Oberfläche (1.1) bis zu ei nem Talbereich (2.2) verläuft und wobei zumindest der Flankenbereich (2.3) eine Rauheit Ra größer 20 nm aufweist. - Passing the steel sheet with a skin pass roller, the surface of the Dres sierwalze, which acts on the surface of the steel sheet, is set up with a deterministic surface structure rule that after the skin pass the surface structure (2) starting from a surface (1.1) of the steel sheet (1, ) is embossed into the steel sheet (1,), the surface structure (2) having a flank area (2.3) which, starting from the surface (1.1), extends to a valley area (2.2) and at least the flank area (2.3) has a Has a roughness Ra greater than 20 nm.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei vor dem Bereitstellen des Stahlblechs das Stahlblech durch Schmelztauchbeschichten beschichtet wird. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein prior to providing the steel sheet, the steel sheet is coated by hot-dip coating.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Schmelze zum Schmelztauchbeschichten neben Zink und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen zusätzliche Elemente wie Aluminium mit ei nem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% und/oder Magnesium mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 5 Gew.-% enthalten kann. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the melt for hot dip coating can contain zinc and unavoidable impurities, additional elements such as aluminum with a content of up to 5% by weight and / or magnesium with a content of up to 5% by weight .
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei nach dem Dressieren des Stahlblechs das dressier te Stahlblech durch elektrolytisches Beschichten beschichtet wird. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein after the tempering of the steel sheet, the tempered steel sheet is coated by electrolytic plating.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, wobei das Stahlblech (1, ) zusätzlich mit einem Prozessmedium (M) versehen wird, wobei das Prozessmedium (M) mit einer Auflage bis zu 2 g/m2 aufgebracht wird. 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the steel sheet (1,) is additionally provided with a process medium (M), the process medium (M) being applied with a layer of up to 2 g / m 2 .
EP20768579.3A 2019-09-17 2020-09-08 Sheet steel having a deterministic surface structure Pending EP4031301A1 (en)

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