EP4028372A1 - Mélange sec pour la préparation de béton, béton frais et procédé pour la préparation de béton frais - Google Patents

Mélange sec pour la préparation de béton, béton frais et procédé pour la préparation de béton frais

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Publication number
EP4028372A1
EP4028372A1 EP20713823.1A EP20713823A EP4028372A1 EP 4028372 A1 EP4028372 A1 EP 4028372A1 EP 20713823 A EP20713823 A EP 20713823A EP 4028372 A1 EP4028372 A1 EP 4028372A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recyclate
finely ground
substituent
cement
aggregate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20713823.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frantisek POLAK
Lucie SLAVICKOVA
Jiri Fiala
Jan Cermak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erc Tech AS
Original Assignee
Erc Tech AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erc Tech AS filed Critical Erc Tech AS
Priority claimed from PCT/CZ2020/050007 external-priority patent/WO2021047696A1/fr
Publication of EP4028372A1 publication Critical patent/EP4028372A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
    • C04B18/167—Recycled materials, i.e. waste materials reused in the production of the same materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fresh concrete with at least a part of the aggregate being replaced with recyclate from an inert construction and demolition waste and to a dry mixture for the preparation of this concrete.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the preparation of this concrete.
  • Crushed or ground inert construction and demolition waste is used mainly for packs and backfills of utility lines (a substitute for sorted gravel), as a sub-base for parking lots, roads, concrete structures of floors of buildings and halls, backfills of forefields of bridges, for the consolidation and levelling of forest and field roads (as a substitute for a crusher-run materials), or as a sub-base filler of ground bodies of driveways and roads, trackbeds, flood protection barriers (as a substitute for soil), etc.
  • the aim of the invention is also to provide fresh concrete and a dry mixture for its preparation in which the largest possible part of aggregate or of other components, is composed of recyclate produced by grinding or crushing inert construction and demolition waste.
  • the method for the preparation of concrete according to the invention is based on a combination of a specific composition of the concrete and a specific procedure of mixing and dosing individual components of the concrete which in mutual combination allow to replace up to 100 % by weight of natural aggregate in the concrete as well as a large proportion of fine concrete components with recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (i.e. ground or crushed inert construction and demolition waste) while achieving mechanical and physical parameters which are at least comparable to conventional concretes.
  • inert construction and demolition waste i.e. ground or crushed inert construction and demolition waste
  • Recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste which replaces aggregate consists of crushed or ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate (see below) and can have virtually any fraction according to desired properties and the applications of the concrete - the same or similar fraction to the standard natural aggregate, the upper fraction of the recyclate being, for example, preferably 8 or 16 or 20 mm, alternatively between 8 and 16 mm, or any other.
  • Recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste which replaces fine concrete components consists of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate (see below) having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm (it may contain some technological proportion of larger particles) and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg.
  • This finely ground recyclate contains amorphous siliceous and aluminous components which react upon contact with water and Ca(OH) 2 to form new hydration C-S-H phases which are almost the same as in the minerals of Portland cement clinker. Due to this, it contributes significantly to pozzolanic reaction which occurs during hydration processes in concrete.
  • this finely ground recyclate (optionally together with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof) serves mainly to fill pores and to coat the grains of the recyclate replacing aggregate, thereby strengthening them and improving their mechanical properties.
  • the experiments described below clearly demonstrated the positive effect of this arrangement on the transition zone between recyclate and cement paste and thus the higher volume of C-S-H gels than in conventional concretes.
  • microsilica denotes an anti-corrosion powder additive for concrete and mortar, based on amorphous Si0 with a microfiller, pozzolanic and rheological effect.
  • the usual grain size of microsilica is 100% ⁇ 100 mm, its specific surface being 20 to 22 m 2 /g.
  • any excess of finely ground recyclate, preferably concrete recyclate, after the coating of the grains of the recyclate replacing aggregate and after filling their pores, can serve in the later stages of concrete preparation due to its pozzolanic properties as a replacement of part of the dose of cement or as a supplementary material and is incorporated in cement paste which is formed by moistening the cement or also substituent(s) thereof (the minimum amount of finely ground recyclate required to coat the grains of the recyclate replacing the aggregate and to fill their pores is approximately 10 kg/m 3 of concrete).
  • an additional dose of finely ground recyclate preferably concrete recyclate, can be added to the concrete before or simultaneously with or after the addition of cement and/or substituent(s) thereof, whereby this dose serves as a substitute for part of the cement or as a supplementary cementitious material and is incorporated into the cement paste formed by moistening cement or substituent(s) thereof.
  • the fresh concrete prepared by this method contains in 1 m 3 50 to 300 kg of water, 135 to 400 kg of cement or 135 to 600 kg of cement in combination with at least one substituent thereof (including finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste) with a cement content of 30 to 70 % by weight, 10 to 150 kg of finely ground brick or ceramic or mixed or concrete recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste having a particle size of 5 to 250 mih, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg, or this finely ground recyclate in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof with a content of finely ground recyclate in this combination of at least 10 % by weight, and 1000 to 2300 kg of aggregate.
  • this aggregate is composed of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste, preferably with an upper fraction of 8 or 16 or 20 mm.
  • dust-free concrete recyclate without particles of less than 1 mm which is the output of some recycling technologies, can be used.
  • microsilica for example, metakaolin, shale, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS), fly ash is used.
  • the grains of the recyclate replacing aggregate or natural aggregate are coated in the concrete structure and their pores are filled with finely ground recyclate or, optionally, with this recyclate combined with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof, and the cement paste which is produced by moistening cement or also by moistening substituent(s) thereof (see below) is deposited on the surface of the grains thus treated.
  • brick recyclate a recyclate (recycled material) made by crushing or grinding inert construction and demolition waste, which consists entirely or of at least a majority of bricks, possibly with admixtures of other building materials and/or substances (concrete, ceramic building elements and fittings, mortar, plaster and adhesive residues, etc.).
  • brick recyclate consists entirely or of at least of a majority of crushed brick, with the possible addition of rubble from other building materials and/or substances.
  • ceramic recyclate as employed herein denotes a recyclate
  • Ceramic recyclate (recycled material) made by crushing or grinding inert construction and demolition waste which consists entirely or of at least a majority of ceramic building and fitting elements, such as floor and wall tiles, sanitary ceramic products, clay roofing tiles, etc., possibly with admixtures of other building materials and/or substances (concrete, bricks, mortar, plaster and adhesive residues, etc.).
  • ceramic recyclate consists entirely or of at least a majority of crushed ceramics, possibly with the addition of rubble from other building materials and/or substances.
  • Brick, ceramic or mixed recyclate from mixed inert construction and demolition waste have similar characteristics and behavior and can therefore be interchanged or mixed.
  • concrete recyclate is meant herein a recyclate (recycled material) made by crushing or grinding inert construction and demolition waste which consists entirely or of at least a majority of concrete or another cement containing material (concrete screed, cement mortar, etc.), possibly with admixtures of other building materials and/or substances (brick, ceramic building and fitting objects, mortar, plaster and adhesive residues, etc.).
  • concrete recyclate consists entirely or of at least a majority of crushed concrete or another cement containing material, with the possible addition of rubble from other building materials and/or substances.
  • mixed recyclate a recyclate (recycled material) made by crushing or grinding mixed inert construction and demolition waste which is composed of a mixture of different building materials and substances, usually brick, concrete and ceramic building elements and fittings in various ratios, possibly with admixtures of mortar, plaster and adhesive residues, etc.
  • mixed recyclate is composed of rubble from mixed construction and demolition waste.
  • finely ground brick recyclate also denotes fine dust from brick grinding and brick kilns that meets the above-mentioned condition of particle size and specific surface.
  • 0 to 40 % by weight of aggregate in the concrete may be composed of natural aggregate (extracted and/or crushed) preferably with a fraction of 0 to 20 mm, 0 to 16 mm, or 0 to 8 mm, alternatively 0 to 4 mm.
  • 0 to 40 wt. % of aggregate preferably 0 to 20 % by weight or 0 to 15.% by weight may be formed by at least one known admixture which enhances the thermal and/or acoustic and/or fire-resistant properties of the concrete and which is commonly used in conventional concretes.
  • Such admixture is, e.g., lightweight artificial aggregate (such as agloporite, ceramsite, expandit, expanded perlite, etc.), cinder and/or scoria and/or polystyrene and/or at least one organic filler (such as wood sawdust, shavings, rice husks, shives and the like), etc.
  • lightweight artificial aggregate such as agloporite, ceramsite, expandit, expanded perlite, etc.
  • at least one organic filler such as wood sawdust, shavings, rice husks, shives and the like
  • fresh concrete contains in 1 m 3 180 to 250 kg of water, 180 to 250 kg of cement supplemented with 0 to 150 kg of at least one substituent of cement (including finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste), 10 to 150 kg of finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste or 10 to 150 kg of a mixture of finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg and 0 to 20 kg of mikrosilica and/or at least one substituent thereof and 1160 to 2255 kg of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste replacing aggregate.
  • cement including finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste
  • 10 to 150 kg of finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste or 10 to 150 kg of a mixture of finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and having
  • the grains of the recyclate replacing aggregate are coated with the finely ground recyclate or with this recyclate in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof and their pores are filled with the finely ground recyclate or with this recyclate in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof, whereby cement paste, which is formed by moistening the cement or also the substituent(s) thereof, is deposited on the surface of the grains thus treated.
  • the fresh concrete according to the invention may contain in any variant at least one additive for concrete or a mixture of two or more additives for concrete in an amount of up to 10 % by weight of a dose of cement or of a dose of cement and substituent(s) thereof.
  • any known additive can be used as such an additive, for example an additive for vibro-pressed concrete and/or an additive according to EN 934-2.
  • additives include especially water-reducing (plasticizing) and strongly water-reducing (superplasticizing or hyperplasticizing) additives to improve the consistency of concrete, water- reducing additives, additives for improving strength and some other properties of fresh and hardened concrete, as well as stabilizing additives, air-entraining additives, foaming additives, additives accelerating hardening and solidification of concrete, additives retarding hardening and solidification of concrete, sealing agents, etc.
  • This additive/these additives is/are added to the other components of the concrete dissolved in mixing water or separately, preferably after the addition of mixing water.
  • any industrial mixer can be used, preferably a mixer with a forced circulation, e.g. a mixer with a radial movement of mixing arms or with a double simultaneous radial movement of mixing arms (such as the mixer described in IT 1244970 or EP 0508962), in which all its interior surfaces are wiped.
  • any other type of industrial mixer can be used, including continuous mixers (using a pre-prepared dry mixture).
  • the order of introduction of the individual concrete components into the mixer must be observed. All ingredients are dosed while the mixer is running.
  • mixing is understood to include also the mixing methods in which the mixer operation is temporarily stopped after mixing the already added components and before the addition of the next component, or, if the mixer design allows it, reversing the running of the mixer for addition of another component and mixing it together with the other components.
  • the recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste Prior to the preparation of the concrete according to the invention, the recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste is hygienized, e.g. by water or steam bath or using another method, thereby reducing the number of (pathogenic) organisms and microorganisms present in it.
  • the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste which is not used in standard concrete production, serves (optionally in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof) in the preparation of the concrete according to the invention to coat the particles of the aggregate, especially the particles of the recyclate replacing the aggregate, and to fill their pores.
  • part of the transit zone (C-S-H phases) is transferred to the pores of the grains of the recyclate replacing the aggregate, and thus strengthened, which results in a strengthening of the grains of the recyclate; there is no clustering of fine particles and the resulting concrete has a lower porosity and, after hardening, it reaches physical and mechanical parameters comparable to conventional concretes.
  • Finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste is transferred to the pores of the grains of the recyclate replacing the aggregate, and thus strengthened, which results in a strengthening of the grains of the recyclate; there is no clustering of fine particles and the resulting concrete has a lower porosity and, after hardening, it reaches physical and mechanical parameters comparable to conventional concretes.
  • the total dose of the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof), as well as the total dose of the aggregate can be divided into two or more smaller parts (equal or different), and the individual parts of the dose of the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof) can be added one by one after the addition of the individual parts of the total dose of the aggregate, or of the recyclate from construction and demolition waste of different types and/or fractions, or at least some parts of the dose of the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof) can be added simultaneously with some parts of the total dose
  • All variants use cement of strength class CEM I to CEM V with binding capacity 32.5 N, R, 42.5 N, R, 52.5 N, R. Its dosing method as described below ensures formation of a suitable bond between cement paste, which is obtained by moistening the cement or the substituent thereof, and aggregate, especially recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste already coated with finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally also in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof). Moreover, it ensures very good homogenization of the mixture being mixed (see below).
  • Part of the cement dose may be replaced with a substituent of cement, such as ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) and/or fly ash and / or finely ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and the like, or a mixture of at least two such substituents, whereby the ratio of cement to substituent(s) of cement in fresh concrete ranges from 30:70 to 70:30.
  • the total amount of cement and substituent(s) of cement is the same as the amount of cement alone, i.e. 135 to 400 kg/m 3 of fresh concrete, or up to 600 kg/m 3 of fresh concrete.
  • Cement and substituent(s) of cement are added to the mixture either simultaneously, each separately, or one by one in any order, (it is advisable, but not necessary, to add substituent(s) of cement first and cement after that), or in the form of a pre-prepared mixture of the composition described above.
  • the mixture After forming and mixing the dry mixture of the above ingredients, the mixture is sprinkled or sprayed with mixing water in the mixer under constant mixing.
  • the cement surface and/or the surface of substituent(s) thereof is gradually moistened and the thus formed (cement) paste gradually adheres to the recyclate grains already coated with finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof).
  • silicon dioxide contained in the finely ground recycled material (or also in the microsilica and/or in at least one of its substituents) is activated, thereby activating the latent hydraulicity of these components, which allows the concretes prepared by this method to achieve physical and mechanical parameters comparable to conventional concretes, even with a cement dose that may be lower than in conventional concretes.
  • the mixing water quality must correspond to drinking water. If required, the mixing water may contain at least one known standard additive for concrete (dissolved or undissolved).
  • the recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste may be supplemented with natural aggregate (extracted and/or crushed) with an upper fraction of preferably 8 or 16 or 20 mm, or also smaller or greater, according to the requirements and according to the intended use of concrete.
  • 1000 to 2300 kg of aggregate in which 45 % by weight to 100 % by weight is formed by recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste, is first mixed in an industrial mixer with 10 to 150 kg of finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 rm 2 /kg, or of the finely ground recyclate in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof, with a content of the finely ground recyclate in this combination of at least 10 % by weight.
  • This process involves coating the grains of the aggregate, especially of the recyclate replacing the natural aggregate, and filling its pores with the finely ground recyclate (and optionally also with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof).
  • 135 to 400 kg of cement is added to the mixture thus obtained under constant mixing, or cement and at least one substituent thereof in a total amount of 135 to 400 kg or of up to 600 kg (whereby the ratio of cement to substituent(s) of cement ranges from 30:70 to 70:30) is added either one by one in any order or simultaneously.
  • the dry mixture thus obtained is further mixed and, under constant mixing, is sprinkled with 50 to 300 kg of mixing water, or this amount of mixing water is gradually sprayed onto it.
  • the cement surface and/or the surface of substituent(s) thereof is gradually moistened and the (cement) paste being formed gradually adheres to the aggregate particles already coated with the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally, in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof), and after further mixing fresh concrete is prepared.
  • the aggregate recyclate or also natural aggregate
  • the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally in combination with a microsilica and/or at least one of its substituents) is added to it only after the mixing of the aggregate and its homogenization.
  • the aggregate is preferably mixed with the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste for 5 to 80 seconds, more preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • Cement or cement and at least one substituent thereof is/are added to the mixture thus obtained preferably within 1 to 20 seconds after finishing the mixing of the aggregate with the finely ground recyclate, more preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed preferably for 5 to 80 seconds, more preferably for 5 to 40 seconds, whereupon the mixture mixed is sprinkled with mixing water under constant mixing preferably within 5 to 60 seconds, more preferably within 5 to 40 seconds, or the mixing water is sprayed onto it.
  • the mixture thus obtained is mixed until it has the required consistency, preferably for another 5 to 160 seconds, more preferably for 5 to 80 seconds, to prepare fresh concrete.
  • the aggregate is first mixed in the mixer, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds, more preferably for 5 to 20 seconds, and the finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste (optionally in combination with microsilica and/or with at least one substituent thereof) is added to it only after thorough mixing, preferably within 1 to 15 seconds, more preferably within 1 to 10 seconds.
  • This dry mixture then contains in 1 m 3 of fresh concrete 10 to 150 kg of finely ground recycled from inert construction and demolition waste having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 rm 2 / kg, or of this finely grounded recyclate in combination with microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof (with a content of finely ground recyclate of at least 10 % by weight), and 1000 to 2300 kg of aggregate, whereby 45 to 100 % by weight of this aggregate consists of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste with an upper fraction of preferably 8 or 16 or 20 mm, or any other fraction, whereby the aggregate grains are coated with finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste or with a mixture of finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste
  • the dry mixture may further contain, when computed for 1 m 3 of fresh concrete 135 to 400 kg of cement, or simultaneously cement and at least one substituent thereof in a total amount of 135 to 400 kg or up to 600 kg (whereby the ratio of cement and substituent(s) of cement ranges from 30:70 to 70:30).
  • Any known mixer type including continuous mixers, can be used to prepare fresh concrete from this dry mixture.
  • Example 1 Examples of the preparation of fresh concrete according to the invention are described below for illustration.
  • Example 1 Examples of the preparation of fresh concrete according to the invention are described below for illustration.
  • brick, ceramic, concrete or mixed recyclate from mixed inert construction and demolition waste with an upper fraction of 20 mm is mixed in an industrial mixer with forced circulation for 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, or finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate and microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof are added either one by one in any order or simultaneously, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for a further 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • cement is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to
  • a substituent of cement another dose of finely ground recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste can be used, preferably concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg.
  • this mixture is sprinkled with the entire dose of mixing water (which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete) within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds, under constant mixing, or it is sprayed with the entire dose of the mixing water within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds.
  • mixing water which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete
  • this mixture is sprinkled with the entire dose of mixing water within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds.
  • fresh concrete is prepared, in which 100 % by weight of aggregate is composed of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste.
  • the fresh concretes thus prepared were subjected to consistency tests according to EN 12350-2 and air content was measured according to EN 12350-7.
  • test bodies were removed from the molds on the following day and stored for the respective tests in an air-conditioned chamber at a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 °C and a relative humidity above 95 %. Parameters measured during these tests are summarized in Table 3.
  • chloride content in these concretes was determined by calculation according to EN 196-2 and EN 1744-1 , the content of natural radionuclides and mass activity index were determined according to the procedure of Regulation of the State Office for Nuclear Safety No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended, on radiation protection, whereby all these parameters meet the requirements of this Regulation for use for buildings with residential rooms or spaces (mass activity 226 Ra £ 150 Bq.kg -1 , mass activity index I £ 0.5).
  • mass activity index I £ 0.5 mass activity index
  • Table 5 shows strength classes of concrete to which the respective concretes belong due to their physical and mechanical parameters and classification classes of specification regarding use of these concretes according to CSN (Czech Technical Standard) EN 206 (see Table 6).
  • brick, ceramic or mixed recyclate from mixed inert construction and demolition waste with an upper fraction of 20 mm is mixed in an industrial mixer with forced circulation for 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • concrete recyclate with an upper fraction of 20 mm or natural aggregate with an upper fraction of 20 mm, preferably 8 mm, or small aggregate with an upper fraction of 4 mm (up to 40 % by weight of the total aggregate in the concrete) is added to it under constant mixing, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for another 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg or finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate and microsilica and/or at least one substituent of microsilica is added to it either one by one in any order or simultaneously under constant mixing within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for a further 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • cement is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 20 seconds, preferably within 1 to
  • cement or cement and at least one substituent thereof is added either one by one in any order or simultaneously within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for another 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • a substituent of cement can be used a further dose of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg, which is dispersed in the concrete structure.
  • this mixture is sprinkled with the entire dose of mixing water (which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete) under constant mixing within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds, or the entire dose of the mixing water is sprayed on it within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds.
  • mixing water which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete
  • the entire dose of the mixing water is sprayed on it within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds.
  • fresh concrete is prepared, in which 60 to 100 % by weight of aggregate is composed of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste.
  • chloride content in these concretes was determined by calculation according to EN 196-2 and EN 1744-1 , the content of natural radionuclides and mass activity index were determined according to the procedure of Regulation of the State Office for Nuclear Safety No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended, on radiation protection, whereby all these parameters meet the requirements of this Regulation for use in buildings with residential rooms or spaces (mass activity 226 Ra £ 150 Bq.kg -1 , mass activity index I £ 0.5).
  • mass activity index I £ 0.5 mass activity index
  • the criteria for the determination of ecotoxicity are shown in Table 4, example 1 .
  • Table 9 shows strength classes of concrete to which the respective concretes belong due to their physical and mechanical parameters and classification classes of specification regarding use of these concretes according to CSN (Czech Technical Standard) EN 206 (see Table 6)
  • recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste with an upper fraction of 20 mm of the first type (brick, ceramic or mixed, alternatively concrete recyclate) is mixed in an industrial mixer with forced circulation for 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste with an upper fraction of 20 mm of the second type (brick, ceramic or mixed, alternatively concrete recyclate) is added to it under constant mixing, whereby the recyclate being added is recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste of a different type than the recyclate to which it is added, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for another 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, or finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate and microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof are added either one by one in any order or simultaneously, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for a further 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • cement is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 20 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, or cement and at least one substituent thereof are added to it either one by one in any order or simultaneously within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for a further 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • a substituent of cement it is possible to use another dose of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg, which is dispersed in the concrete structure.
  • this mixture is sprinkled with the entire dose of mixing water (which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete) under constant mixing within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds, or the entire dose of the mixing water is sprayed onto the mixture within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds.
  • fresh concrete is prepared, in which 100 % by weight of aggregate is composed of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste. 3 samples of fresh concrete according to the invention were prepared by this method, whereby the composition of 1 m 3 of each of them is described in Table 10. Table 10
  • chloride content in this concrete was determined by calculation according to EN 196-2 and EN 1744-1 , the content of natural radionuclides and mass activity index were determined following the procedure of Regulation of the State Office for Nuclear Safety No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended, on radiation protection, whereby all these parameters meet the requirements of this Regulation for use for buildings with residential rooms or spaces (mass activity 226 Ra £ 150 Bq.kg -1 , mass activity index I £ 0.5).
  • EN 12457 and Regulation of the Ministry of the Environment No. 294/2005 Coll. its ecotoxicity was found to be complying with the requirements.
  • the criteria for determination of ecotoxicity are shown in Table 4, example 1 .
  • Table 12 shows strength classes of concrete to which the respective concretes according to the invention belong due to their physical and mechanical parameters and classification classes of specification regarding use of these concretes according to CSN (Czech Technical Standard) EN 206 (see Table 6).
  • recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste with an upper fraction of 20 mm of the first type (brick, ceramic or mixed, alternatively concrete recyclate) is mixed in an industrial mixer with forced circulation for 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste with an upper fraction of 20 mm of the second type (brick, ceramic or mixed, alternatively concrete recyclate) is added to it under constant mixing, whereby the recyclate being added is recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste of a different type than the recyclate to which it is added, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for another 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, or finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate and microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof are added to it either one by one in any order or simultaneously, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for a further 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • cement is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 20 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, or cement and at least one substituent thereof is added to it within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds either one by one in any order or simultaneously, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for a further 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • a substituent of cement it is possible to use another dose of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg, which is dispersed in the concrete structure.
  • this mixture is sprinkled with the entire dose of mixing water (which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete) under constant mixing within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds, or the entire dose of mixing water is sprayed on it within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds.
  • fresh concrete is prepared, in which it is up to 100 % by weight of aggregate that is composed of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste.
  • chloride content in this concrete was determined by calculation according to EN 196-2 and EN 1744-1 , the content of natural radionuclides and mass activity index were determined following the procedure of Regulation of the State Office for Nuclear Safety No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended, on radiation protection, whereby all these parameters meet the requirements of this Regulation for use for buildings with residential rooms or spaces (mass activity 226 Ra £ 150 Bq.kg -1 , mass activity index I £ 0.5).
  • EN 12457 and Regulation of the Ministry of the Environment No. 294/2005 Coll. its ecotoxicity was found to be complying with the requirements.
  • the criteria for determination of ecotoxicity are shown in Table 4, example 1 .
  • Table 15 shows strength classes of concrete to which the respective concretes according to the invention belong due to their physical and mechanical parameters and classification classes of specification regarding use of these concretes according to CSN (Czech Technical Standard) EN 206 (see Table 6).
  • concrete recyclate with an upper fraction of 20 mm is mixed in an industrial mixer with forced circulation for 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • natural aggregate with an upper fraction of 20 mm (up to 40 % by weight of the total aggregate in concrete) is added to it under constant mixing, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for another 5 to 40 seconds, preferably for 5 to 20 seconds.
  • finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, or finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate and microsilica and/or at least one substituent of microsilica are added to it either one by one in any order or simultaneously, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for a further 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • cement is added to it under constant mixing within 1 to 20 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, or cement and at least one substituent thereof is added to it one by one in any order or simultaneously within 1 to 15 seconds, preferably within 1 to 10 seconds, and the mixture thus obtained is mixed for another 5 to 80 seconds, preferably for 5 to 40 seconds.
  • a substituent of cement it is possible to use another dose of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate, having a particle size of 5 to 250 mm, preferably 5 to 125 mm, and having a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m 2 /kg, which is dispersed in the concrete structure.
  • the mixture is sprinkled with the entire dose of mixing water (which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete) under constant mixing within 5 to 60 seconds, preferably within 5 to 40 seconds, or it is sprayed with the entire dose of mixing water within that period.
  • mixing water which, if necessary, contains at least one additive for concrete
  • fresh concrete is prepared, in which at least 60 % by weight of aggregate is composed of recyclate from inert construction and demolition waste.
  • chloride content in this concrete was determined by calculation according to EN 196-2 and EN 1744-1 , the content of natural radionuclides and mass activity index were determined following the procedure of Regulation of the State Office for Nuclear Safety No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended, on radiation protection, whereby all these parameters meet the requirements of this Regulation for use for buildings with residential rooms or spaces (mass activity 226 Ra £ 150 Bq.kg -1 , mass activity index I £ 0.5).
  • EN 12457 and Regulation of the Ministry of the Environment No. 294/2005 Coll. its ecotoxicity was found to be complying with the requirements.
  • the criteria for determination of ecotoxicity are shown in Table 4, example 1 .
  • Table 18 shows strength classes of concrete to which the respective concretes according to the invention belong due to their physical and mechanical parameters and classification classes of specification regarding use of these concretes according to CSN (Czech Technical Standard) EN 206 (see Table 6).
  • CSN Chech Technical Standard
  • reinforcing fibers of at least one type which reinforce the concrete structure and thereby improve some of its properties, e.g. tensile strength and flexural strength.
  • suitable reinforcing fibers are, e.g., polypropylene (PP) fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, blends of polypropylene and polyethylene (PLV) fibers, cellulose fibers, steel fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, Kevlar fibers, etc.
  • These fibers are preferably added to the concrete mixture after the addition of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate or a mixture of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate and microsilica and/or at least one substituent(s) thereof and after thorough mixing of the mixture obtained.
  • the total amount of all reinforcing fibers is 0.6 to 1 .2 kg/m 3 of fresh concrete, in the case of steel and similar fibers the total amount being up to 25 kg/m 3 of fresh concrete.
  • Reinforcing fibers are added to the concrete mixture under constant mixing within 5 to 30 seconds, which ensures their uniform distribution in it.
  • All the concretes according to the invention are designed for both manual and machine processing (including shotcrete) and are suitable for conventional concrete structures from both plain concrete and ferroconcrete.
  • fresh concrete transport concrete
  • these concretes can be also used for the production of concrete products and prefabricated elements, e.g., concrete blocks and bricks, paving cobbles, slabs, blocks, curbs, various elements of garden architecture, ceiling beams and inserts, etc.
  • Their advantage is good transportability, or pumpability.
  • all variants are concretes which are 100% recyclable in the same way they were produced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne du béton frais qui contient dans 1 m3 50 à 300 kg d'eau, 135 à 400 kg de ciment ou 135 à 600 kg d'un mélange de ciment et d'au moins un produit de substitution de celui-ci, 10 à 150 kg de brique, de céramique ou de produit de recyclage de béton ou mélangé finement broyés ayant une taille des particules de 5 à 250 micromètres et une surface spécifique de 300 à 1500 m2/kg ou 10 à 150 kg d'un mélange de brique, de céramique ou de produit de recyclage de béton ou mélangé finement broyés ayant une taille des particules de 5 à 250 micromètres et une surface spécifique de 300 à 1500 m2/kg et de microsilice et/ou d'au moins un produit de substitution de celle-ci, avec une teneur en produit recyclé finement broyé dans cette association d'au moins 10 % en poids, et 1000 à 2300 kg de granulat. 45 à 100 % du granulat est composé de produit de recyclage provenant d'une construction inerte et de déblais de démolition, 0 à 40 %du granulat est constitué d'un granulat naturel et 0 à 40 % du granulat est constitué d'un granulat artificiel léger et/ou de cendres et/ou de scories et/ou de polystyrène et/ou d'au moins une charge organique et/ou d'un autre composant pour l'amélioration des propriétés thermiques et/ou acoustiques et/ou de résistance au feu du béton durci. Les grains du granulat sont revêtus et leurs pores sont remplis de brique, de céramique ou de produit de recyclage de béton ou mélangé finement broyés ou d'un mélange de brique, de céramique ou de produit de recyclage de béton ou mélangé finement broyés et de microsilice et/ou d'au moins un produit de substitution de celle-ci et la pâte de ciment est collée aux particules de granulat ainsi traitées. De plus, l'invention concerne un mélange sec et un procédé pour la préparation de ce béton.
EP20713823.1A 2019-09-13 2020-02-20 Mélange sec pour la préparation de béton, béton frais et procédé pour la préparation de béton frais Withdrawn EP4028372A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ201900586 2019-09-13
PCT/CZ2020/050007 WO2021047696A1 (fr) 2019-09-13 2020-02-20 Mélange sec pour la préparation de béton, béton frais et procédé pour la préparation de béton frais

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EP4028372A1 true EP4028372A1 (fr) 2022-07-20

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