EP4026276A1 - Datenübertragungsverfahren, segment-telegramm und automatisierungskommunikationsnetzwerk - Google Patents
Datenübertragungsverfahren, segment-telegramm und automatisierungskommunikationsnetzwerkInfo
- Publication number
- EP4026276A1 EP4026276A1 EP20768008.3A EP20768008A EP4026276A1 EP 4026276 A1 EP4026276 A1 EP 4026276A1 EP 20768008 A EP20768008 A EP 20768008A EP 4026276 A1 EP4026276 A1 EP 4026276A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- segment
- telegram
- priority
- network
- distribution node
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 154
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- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40143—Bus networks involving priority mechanisms
- H04L12/40163—Bus networks involving priority mechanisms by assigning priority to messages according to a message field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L2012/4026—Bus for use in automation systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for data transmission in an automation communication network.
- the invention also relates to a segment telegram for use in such a method and an automation communication network.
- a so-called “local area network” is a spatially limited network in which various network components, also referred to as subscribers in the following, are coupled to one another.
- the network components can be one or more servers and workstations, so-called nodes, which are connected to one another via communication lines in the form of coaxial, fiber optic or twisted pair cables.
- the communication between the network components within the LAN takes place on the basis of network protocols.
- Ethernet protocol is the most widely used LAN network protocol.
- Ethernet telegrams can contain a user data block with a length of 1500 bytes and enable telegram transmission rates between the individual participants within the LAN of a few gigabytes / second, whereby the telegrams can be transmitted in a package-oriented manner.
- the Ethernet protocol is also used in automation technology.
- Field bus systems are bus systems in which decentralized devices of machine peripherals such as input and / or output modules, drives and operator terminals are connected to control units via the field bus system.
- a common transmission channel is available for data transmission, for example in the form of a cable or a radio link.
- the exchange of data between participants via the fieldbus usually takes place on the basis of the master-slave principle.
- the control units on the fieldbus are the active bus participants, hereinafter also referred to as master participants. You are in possession of the bus access authorization and determine the data transfer on the fieldbus.
- the Passive participants, hereinafter also referred to as slave participants, are usually the machine peripheral devices. You have no bus access authorization and can only acknowledge received data or transmit data on request from a master participant.
- Master-slave networks are often designed as ring bus systems, the network forming a physical strand as seen from the master participant and the telegrams being run through by all slave participants.
- the communication networks are often structured hierarchically using distribution nodes, so-called switches.
- the distribution node has several input / output interfaces via which network segments can be integrated into the communication network in parallel.
- the distributor node examines every telegram received on an input / output interface for the address of the addressed subscriber and then forwards the telegram to the addressed subscriber via the assigned input / output interface to which the network segment with the subscriber connected, continue.
- the telegrams assigned to the individual network segments are also referred to below as segment telegrams.
- the distribution nodes usually work according to the FIFO principle, in which those telegrams that were received first are also sent again first. However, this prevents reliable real-time processing of the telegrams. Newer distribution nodes therefore often support what is known as VLAN tagging, with which individual segment telegrams can be prioritized when sending in order to ensure real-time capability in the automation network.
- the segment telegrams have a tag field in the header section, also referred to below as the header, in which priority information is contained.
- the distribution node evaluates the tag field with the priority information and forwards the segment telegram before other segment telegrams if the priority displayed has a higher significance than that of the other segment telegrams.
- the distribution node can be designed in such a way that the distribution node initiates the transmission of a segment telegram on an input / Output interface aborts or interrupts in order to send a segment telegram with a higher priority instead.
- At least one distribution node which has a plurality of input / output interfaces which are each connected to a network segment, each network segment having at least one participant.
- the individual network segments are each assigned segment telegrams for processing by the participants in the network segment, the segment telegrams having priorities.
- the segment telegrams also each have a data field which is designed to contain telegram sequence information that indicates the priority of a subsequent segment telegram from the network segment.
- the distribution node in the automation communication network is designed to receive the segment telegram on an input / output interface and to send it to another input / output interface in accordance with a routing specification, the distribution node being the input / output interface, on which the segment telegram was sent, blocked for a further transmission process if the telegram sequence information assigned to the segment telegram sent indicates a priority for the following segment telegram from the network segment with the same routing specification whose value is higher than the value of the priority of telegrams that are present in the distribution node and are intended for sending on the input / output interface, so that after receiving the following segment telegram from the network segment with the same routing Specification to send the following segment telegram on the blocked input / output interface.
- This procedure ensures that high-priority segment telegrams are forwarded preferentially by the distribution node.
- the telegram sequence information in the segment telegram which indicates the priority of a subsequent segment telegram from the network segment, can prevent the distribution node in the time span between successive segment telegrams until the distribution node is based on of the tag field with the priority information in the segment telegram can determine the value of the priority of the segment telegram, the transmission process with a low-priority segment telegram on the input / output interface begins.
- the distribution node already knows the value of the priority of a subsequent segment telegram from the same network segment during the transmission process of a segment telegram and can thus block a further transmission process on the input / output interface until the following segment telegram is sent can be.
- the sending process for the following segment telegram can always be started immediately by the distribution node without the sending process for a low-priority segment telegram first having to be aborted or interrupted.
- the distribution node can unblock the input / output interface for a further transmission process if the one segment telegram with the routing specification for sending is received on the input / output interface whose priority is at least the value of the Priority corresponds to which the distribution node in the segment telegram sent last was displayed as the priority for the following segment telegram from the network segment with the same routing specification.
- the automation communication network can be a master-slave system, where one participant is a master participant and the participants in the network segments are slave participants.
- the segment telegrams are transmitted and processed on a closed data transmission path starting from the master participant on a way out via the distributor node to the assigned network segment with the slave participants spoken by the segment telegram, and on a return path they return to the distributor node Master participant back.
- the master subscriber can determine the telegram sequence information in the sent segment telegram, which indicates the priority for the following segment telegram.
- the distribution node can specify the telegram sequence information in the sent segment telegram, which indicates the priority for the subsequent segment telegram, on the way there.
- the telegram sequence information which indicates the priority of the following telegram, can be defined in the sent telegram in a simple manner. This can be done with the help of the master participant when generating the segment telegrams, since the master participant knows the priority information for a segment telegram sequence from the control program running on the mater participant.
- the distribution node enters the telegram sequence information in the segment telegram during the transmission process on the way there, i.e. when the segment telegram is output on the network segment, if the distribution node has the priority of the knows the following segment telegram.
- the distribution node generally has a storage unit that is designed centrally or can also be assigned to the individual input / output interfaces, in which the distribution node then temporarily stores segment telegrams when the input / output interface, on which the segment telegram is to be output is blocked by a transmission process.
- the distribution node can also read the priority of the segment message and store it in the memory unit if the distribution node outputs a segment telegram on the outbound route according to the routing specification via an input / output interface to the assigned network segment.
- the distribution node thus knows the priorities of the segment telegrams circulating one after the other in a network segment and, after receiving a segment telegram on the way back, can then transfer the priority of the following segment telegram known to the distribution node as telegram sequence information into the received segment information. Enter telegram.
- the structure of the segment telegram can include a header section, a data area and an end section, the end section having a data field which indicates the priority for the subsequent segment telegram on the network segment.
- the segment telegram structure with the data field that shows the priority for the following segment telegram on the network segment in the end section of the segment telegram enables the priority information to be entered in the segment telegram at the latest possible time. This is particularly advantageous if the priority of the following telegram is not yet available at the beginning of the transmission process.
- the sending process for the segment telegram can then already be started.
- the telegram sequence information which indicates the priority of the following segment telegram and is only determined later, can then be entered during the transmission process in the end section of the segment telegram that has not yet been sent at this point in time.
- the header section of the segment telegram can have a data field which indicates the priority of the segment telegram.
- the segment telegram can include a data area with datagrams which are assigned to the individual participants in the network segment and which each have control data and useful data, the control data giving the participant information about the way in which he should process the useful data of the datagram.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a structure of an automation communication network with several distribution nodes and network segments
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a distribution node from FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 shows a time sequence of a data transmission in the automation communication network according to FIG. 1 in the form of telegrams with the EtherCAT telegram structure shown in FIG.
- Communication networks for use in automation technology are usually implemented as field bus systems in which the sensors and actuators in the communication network exchange data with control units via a field bus.
- real-time network protocols are generally used in the field bus system.
- the data exchange between the participants on the fieldbus is often carried out on the basis of the master-slave principle.
- the active bus participants which are also referred to as master participants, correspond to the control units that determine and coordinate the transmission of data on the fieldbus.
- the passive bus participants which are called slave participants and do not have their own bus access authorization, are the sensors and actuators of the machine peripherals. This means that a slave participant can only receive messages, acknowledge them and transmit data or telegrams on request from the master participant.
- the master participant transmits the output data determined by the master participant using a control task from input data in the form of a telegram on the fieldbus.
- the slave participants then take the output data assigned to them from the circulating telegram.
- the slave participants add their input data to the circulating telegram in order to transmit the input data to the master participant.
- the master participant uses the received input data to use the control task to calculate output data for the next cyclical control process.
- Ethernet protocol is the most widely used network protocol.
- Ethernet telegrams can contain a useful data block with a length of 1500 bytes and telegram transmission rates of a few gigabytes / second.
- the real-time capability of the Ethernet protocol must be guaranteed.
- the EtherCAT protocol is an example of such a protocol, which is based on the Ethernet protocol technology and can be used in real-time capable automation systems.
- the specialty of the EtherCAT protocol is that the processing of the data in the telegram is carried out by the slave participants during the telegram cycle and thus essentially without delay.
- the EtherCAT telegram comprises datagrams which are assigned to the individual slave participants and which each have control data and user data.
- the control data give the slave participant information about the way in which he should process the user data of the datagram, i.e. whether a read, write or a combined read / write process is to be carried out by the slave participant.
- the invention is described below on the basis of telegram traffic based on the EtherCAT protocol.
- another network protocol preferably a real-time capable Ethernet protocol, can also be used for the invention.
- the invention is also described for a communication network with a hierarchical master-slave structure, but is not restricted to such a communication structure.
- automation communication networks are often divided into network segments, with the individual network segments being connected to one another with the aid of distribution nodes, so-called “switches”.
- the distribution nodes have several input / output interfaces, which can each be connected to a network segment or to a further distribution node.
- the distribution node is designed to receive telegrams on a further input / output interface and to send them on a further input / output interface.
- the telegrams assigned to the individual network segments are also referred to below as segment telegrams.
- the segment telegrams can also be assigned priorities, on the basis of which the distribution nodes then forward the segment telegrams with priority.
- the priority information is usually in the segment telegrams in Contains header section of the segment telegram.
- the distribution node has already started a transmission via the input / output interface with a segment telegram that has a lower value compared to the priority determined before determining the priority of a segment telegram, the high-priority segment will be forwarded Telegram is delayed until the transmission of the low-priority segment telegram has been completed.
- the distribution node can indeed have the functionality, when a high-priority segment telegram is received, to cancel or interrupt the transmission of a low-priority segment telegram in order to instead start the transmission of the high-priority segment telegram.
- canceling or interrupting the transmission process with the low-priority segment telegram also leads to a delay in forwarding the high-priority segment telegram.
- the individual network segments are each assigned segment telegrams for processing by the subscriber in the network segment, the segment telegrams having priorities.
- the segment telegrams also have a data field which is designed to contain telegram sequence information that indicates the priority of a subsequent segment telegram from the network segment.
- the distribution node in the automation communication network is then designed to receive the segment telegram on an input / output interface and to send it to another input / output interface in accordance with a routing specification, with the distribution node performing the input / output -Interface on which the segment telegram was sent is blocked for a further transmission process if the telegram sequence information assigned to the segment telegram sent has a priority for the following segment telegram from the network segment with the same routing specification indicates the value of which is higher than the value of the priority of telegrams that are present in the distribution node and are intended for sending on the input / output interface so that after receiving the following segment telegram from the network segment with the same routing Specification to send the following segment telegram on the blocked input / output interface.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of an automation communication network 100 with a master-slave architecture, which has subscribers TN, distribution nodes VK and network segments NX.
- subscriber TN are designed in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 as a master subscriber M, a first slave subscriber S1, a second slave subscriber and a third slave subscriber S3.
- distribution node VK are designed in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 as a first distribution node V1 and a second distribution node V2.
- Each distribution node VK has a plurality of input / output interfaces PX via which telegrams can be received and sent.
- both the first distribution node V1 and the second distribution node V2 each have a first input / output interface PO, a second input / output interface P1 and a third input / output interface P2.
- network segment NX The element or elements generally referred to as network segment NX are formed in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 as a first network segment N1, a second network segment N2 and a third network segment N3.
- the topology of the automation communication network 100 provides that a master subscriber M is connected to a first input / output interface PO of the first distribution node V1 via a first data transmission link D1.
- the first distribution node V1 is connected to a first input / output interface PO of the second distribution node V2 via a third input / output interface P2 of the first distribution node V1 and a second data transmission link D2.
- a third input / output interface P2 of the second distribution node V2 connects the second distribution node V2 via a third data transmission link D3 to a first network segment N1, comprising a first slave subscriber S1.
- the first network segment N1 can have further slave subscribers that are not shown.
- a second input / output interface P1 of the first distribution node V1 connects the first distribution node V1 via a fourth data transmission link D4 to a second network segment N2, which has a second slave subscriber S2.
- the second network segment N2 can have further slave subscribers that are not shown.
- the second distribution node V2 is connected to a third network segment N3, comprising a third slave subscriber S3, using a second input / output interface P1 of the second distribution node V2 via a fifth data transmission link D5.
- the third network segment N3 can have further slave subscribers that are not shown.
- the automation communication network 100 shown in FIG. 1 with two distribution nodes VK, i.e. the first distribution node V1 and the second distribution node V2, more or fewer distribution nodes VK can of course be provided.
- the number of input / output interfaces PX of the distribution node VK can also differ from the number of input / output interfaces PX described.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the structure of the distribution node VK, which corresponds to a first distribution node V1 or a second distribution node V1 in FIG. 1.
- the three first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2 are each connected to a switching device 205 which controls the operation of the distribution node VK.
- Each of the first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2 has a receiving unit RX and a transmitting unit TX, the respective data transmission direction being indicated by arrows in FIG. 2.
- the switching device 205 is connected to an assignment table 206, also referred to as a routing list below, and a memory unit 207.
- the assignment table 206 contains for each segment telegram used in the automation network 100 at least one telegram identifier and the transmission unit TX of an assigned first to third input / output interface PO, P1, P2. Furthermore, the assignment table 206 can, depending on the network protocol used, further information on the individual segment telegrams, such as the time of transmission, the receiving unit RX of a first to third input / output interface PO, P1, P2 and the time of reception grasp.
- the switching device 205 in the distribution node VK detects the telegram identifier in the received segment telegram and compares the detected telegram identifier with the Entries in the assignment table 206. The switching device 205 then transmits the segment telegram according to the specification in the assignment table 206 via the transmission unit TX noted for the telegram identifier in the assignment table 206 of the assigned first to third input / output interface PO, P1, P2 off.
- the memory unit 207 can be designed in such a way that each of the first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2 is assigned a separate memory area in which the data on the respective first to third input / output Interface PO, P1, P2 segment telegrams to be sent are temporarily stored in the case of a first to third input / output interface PO, P1, P2 blocked by a transmission process.
- the segment telegrams also have a data field in which a priority value is coded. This data field is usually contained in the header section of the segment telegram in order to enable the switching device 205 in the distribution node VK to evaluate the priority information at an early stage.
- the switching device 205 of the distribution node VK can also be designed so that it interrupts the sending of a segment telegram with a lower priority on a first to third input / output interface PO, P1, P2 if a segment telegram has a higher priority Priority is received, which is to be sent according to the routing specification on the same first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2. This can be done in such a way that the distribution node VK then temporarily stores the interrupted segment telegram in the memory unit 207 with assignment to the corresponding first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2 and then restarts the transmission process again after the high-priority segment telegram has been sent.
- the switching device 205 of the distribution node VK can also be designed to close the interrupted segment telegram, defined as a first fragment, in that first fragmentation information is sent at the end of the fragment.
- the remaining part of the segment telegram with the lower priority, which has not yet been sent by the distribution node VK, then forms a second fragment that is temporarily stored in the memory unit 207.
- the switching device 205 of the distribution node VK generates a second fragmentation information for the temporarily stored second fragment.
- the switching device 205 of the distribution node VK After the segment telegram with the higher priority has been sent on the assigned first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2, the switching device 205 of the distribution node VK then sends the second telegram fragment with the lower priority together men with the second fragmentation information on the assigned first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2.
- the subscriber TN addressed by the segment telegram with the lower priority then reassembles the first and the second fragment of the segment telegram on receipt on the basis of the first and second fragmentation information.
- This procedure enables optimized data transmission in which high-priority segment telegrams are transmitted with preference. If fragmentation is provided, it is ensured at the same time that the part of the lower-priority segment telegram that has already been sent is not lost, which improves the bandwidth of the transmission.
- the segment telegrams also have a data field which is designed to contain telegram sequence information which indicates the priority of a subsequent segment telegram from the network segment NX.
- the switching device 205 of the distribution node VK evaluates the data field with the telegram sequence information when the segment telegram is received. If the displayed priority of the following segment telegram, to which the same routing specification is assigned, indicates a priority that is higher than the priority of the segment telegrams stored in the memory unit 207 in the distribution node VK for the assigned first to third Input / output interface PO, P1, P2 on which the segment telegram is output, the switching device 205 in the distribution node VK blocks another transmission process on the assigned first to third input after the segment telegram has been sent.
- the distribution node VK can also be designed so that it cancels the blocking of the assigned first to third input / output interfaces PO, P1, P2 for a further Sen devorgang when a segment telegram with the routing specification for sending the assigned first to third input / output interface PO, P1, P2 is received, the priority of which corresponds to at least the priority of the distribution node VK in the segment telegram last sent as priority for the subsequent segment telegram from the network segment NX has been displayed.
- the distribution node VK can ensure that a telegram sequence consisting of high-priority segment telegrams is forwarded without delay. In this way, in particular in real-time capable automation communication networks 100, it can be ensured that cyclic telegrams which transmit control data are passed through without delay.
- the data transmission in the automation communication network 100 shown in FIG. 1 takes place on the basis of the EtherCAT protocol. Alternatively, however, another known real-time capable network protocol can also be used.
- the segment telegrams used for the data transmission circulate in the automation communication network 100 on a closed data transmission path.
- the representation of the first to fifth data transmission path D1-D5 selected in FIG. 1 with double arrows indicates that bidirectional data transmission is taking place on an outward path and a return path.
- the segment telegrams are sent via the first and second distribution nodes V1, V2 to the assigned first to third network segments N1, N2, N3 with the first to third slave subscribers S1, S2, S3 addressed by the segment telegram transmitted and processed on the way there.
- the segment telegrams then run back via the first and second distributor nodes V1, V2 to the master subscriber M on the way back.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically the structure of a segment telegram designed as an EtherCAT telegram with a tag extension with which the segment telegram can be prioritized when sending.
- the segment telegram has a data area 34 a length of up to 1500 bytes, which is encapsulated by a header section, which can generally also be referred to as a header 33, and an end section, the so-called trailer 35.
- the data area 34 comprises datagrams 341 -34n which are assigned to the individual slave subscribers in the network segment and which each have control data and user data.
- the control data provide the slave participant with information about the way in which the slave participant should process the user data of the datagram, i.e. whether a read, write or a combined read / write process is to be carried out by the slave participant.
- the header 33 comprises 18 bytes and is composed of a 6-byte long destination address field 331, a 6-byte long sender address field 332, a 2-byte long type field 333 and a 4-byte long first tag field 334.
- the type field 333 shows the telegram type, i.e. the protocol of the next higher processing layer. Further control information, including the priority value of the segment telegram, is then encoded in the first tag field 334.
- the priority value can, however, also be displayed at a different location in the header 33 and coded, for example, in the destination address field 331 or in the sender address field 332.
- the trailer 35 at the end of the segment telegram is 5 bytes long and has a 1 byte long second tag field 351 and a 4 byte long checksum field 352.
- This additional control information includes, among other things, the priority value of the next segment telegram following the segment telegram from the assigned network segment.
- a checksum is located in the checksum field 352.
- the calculation of the checksum carried out by the sending subscriber begins with the destination address field 331 and ends with the second tag field 351.
- the preamble 31 and the start identifier 32 are not contained in the checksum.
- the person acting as the recipient can Participants who repeat the calculation can then determine whether the transmission was error-free by comparing the two values.
- a control symbol 36 a so-called End of Frame EOF, is added, which indicates the end of the telegram.
- the telegram sequence information that should be entered in the segment telegram are not already present at the beginning of a transmission process of the segment telegram.
- the telegram sequence information can, if it is only known at a point in time at which the transmission process for the segment telegram is already running, can still be entered subsequently in the second tag field 351 in the trailer 35 of the segment telegram, so as long as the T railer 35 has not yet been forwarded.
- the fact that the priority of the following segment telegram on the network segment has not yet been determined at the time the segment telegram is sent can be particularly true when the distribution node is to enter the telegram sequence information.
- An entry of the telegram sequence information by the distribution node is particularly useful when the data transmission in the network segment, such as in a master-slave system, takes place on a closed data transmission path.
- the segment telegram that the distribution node receives from the master subscriber is output from the distribution node to the assigned network segment via the corresponding input / output interface in accordance with the routing specification.
- the distribution node After processing by the slave participants in the network segment, the distribution node then receives the segment telegram again on the input / output interface and sends the segment telegram back to the master participant.
- the distribution node can be designed in such a way that it enters the telegram sequence information on the way there in the second tag field 351 of the segment telegram if the distribution node sends the following before sending the second tag field 351 of the segment telegram Segment telegram already received and whose priority has been determined from the first tag field 343.
- the distribution node can also determine the priority of the following segment telegram from the memory unit if the storage area assigned to the input / output interface contains another segment telegram to be sent after the segment telegram.
- the priority of the segment telegram stored in the memory area of the memory unit, which is to be sent as the subsequent segment telegram, is then entered by the distributor node in the second tag field 351 of the segment telegram currently to be sent.
- the distribution node is designed to buffer the priorities of the segment telegrams sent out one after the other on the outbound route in connection with the respective segment telegram identifier in order to then receive a segment telegram on the return route
- the priority of the following segment telegram circulating on the network segment and, if necessary, to enter it in the second tag field 351 of the segment telegram if the telegram sequence information could not be entered on the way there.
- the master subscriber can also determine the telegram sequence information in a master-slave system, which indicates the priority for the subsequent segment telegram. If the segment telegrams sent are cyclical telegrams with control data, the master station knows the sequence of the segment telegrams due to the control task and can thus receive the telegram sequence information when the segment telegram is sent in the second day - Enter field 351.
- the telegram sequence information which indicates the priority of the following segment telegram, in the segment telegram.
- segment telegrams Data transmission in the automation communication network 100 shown in FIG. 1 is described below with the aid of segment telegrams, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 3, with reference to FIG.
- a time axis is indicated by an arrow, the time progressing in the direction of the arrow tip.
- segment telegrams are also shown from top to bottom, which at a certain point in time at the second distribution node V2 at the second input / output interface P1 and the third input / output interface P2, at the first distribution node V1 at the third input / output interface P2 and the second input / output interface P1 and at the input of the master subscriber M.
- the individual segment telegrams are each assigned a priority, which is entered as a number in FIG. 4 in the respective telegram block.
- priority values are provided, with priority value 1 being the highest and priority value 4 being the lowest.
- the first telegram sequence from the first and third segment telegrams T1, T3 on the second input / output interface P1 of the second distribution node V2 is, as shown in FIG.
- the first to fourth segment telegrams T1 to T4 of the two telegram sequences each have a second tag field 351 in which the priority of the following telegram is entered.
- priority 1 of the subsequent third segment telegram T3 is entered as telegram sequence information. Since the third segment telegram T3 does not have a subsequent segment telegram, no telegram sequence information is provided here.
- priority 3 which the following fourth segment telegram T4 has, is again entered as telegram sequence information in the second tag field 351. Since the fourth segment telegram T4 does not have a subsequent segment telegram, no telegram sequence information is provided here.
- the first input / output interface PO of the second distribution node V2 for the second distribution node V2 is in the assignment table 206 of the second distribution node V2 as routing information for the first to fourth segment messages T1 to T4 of both message sequences Forwarding of the first to fourth segment telegrams T 1 to T4 provided. Since the first segment telegram T1 of the first telegram sequence was received as the earliest segment telegram on the second input / output interface P1 of the second distribution node V2 and there is no other segment telegram with a higher priority, the first segment telegram T1 the first telegram follows in the second distribution node V2 is forwarded directly to the first input / output interface PO of the second distribution node V2.
- the third segment telegram T3 of the first telegram sequence is output from the second distribution node V2 to the first input / output interface PO of the second distribution node V2.
- the third segment telegram T3 of the first telegram sequence was sent on the second input / output interface P1 of the second distribution node V2 after the second segment telegram T2 of the second telegram sequence on the third input / output interface P2 of the second distribution node V2 receive.
- the second distribution node V2 Due to the telegram sequence information assigned to the first segment telegram T1 of the first telegram sequence and which indicates priority 1 for the subsequent third segment telegram T3 of the first telegram sequence, the second distribution node V2 has the first input / Output interface PO of the second distribution node V2 for the transmission process after forwarding the first segment telegram T 1 of the first telegram sequence blocked because the priority of the following third segment telegram T3 of the first telegram sequence with 1 has a higher priority than the second already received Segment telegram T2 of the second telegram sequence with priority 3.
- a third telegram sequence is then further shown, which the first distribution node th V1 on the third input / output interface P2 of the first distribution node V1, which is via the second transmission link D2 with the first input / output interface PO des second distribution node V2 is connected receives.
- the third input / output Interface P2 of the first distribution node V1 is forwarded via the first input / output interface PO of the second distribution node V2 the third telegram sequence with the sequence first segment telegram T1 with priority 2, third segment telegram T3 with priority 1, second segment telegram T2 with priority 3 and the fourth segment telegram T4 with priority 3.
- the priority of the following segment telegram is entered in the second tag field 351.
- a fourth telegram sequence consisting of a fifth segment telegram T5 and a subsequent sixth segment telegram T6 is sent from the second network segment N2 to the second input / output interface P1 of the first distributor node V1 received, where priority 4 is assigned to both fifth and sixth segment telegrams T5, T6.
- priority 4 which has the following sixth segment telegram T6, is entered as telegram sequence information in the second tag field 351.
- the fourth telegram sequence on the second input / output interface P1 of the first distribution node V1 is received from the first distribution node V1 offset in time from the third telegram sequence on the third input / output interface P2 of the first distribution node V1 that the fifth Segment telegram T5 the fourth telegram sequence with priority 4 is received after the first segment telegram T1 of the third telegram sequence with priority 2, but before the third segment telegram T3 of the third telegram sequence with priority 1.
- the first input / output interface PO of the first distribution node V1 is sent to the the third telegram sequence and the fourth telegram sequence are routed in accordance with assignment table 206 in the first distribution node V1, therefore the third segment telegram T3 of the third telegram sequence after the first segment telegram T1 of the third telegram sequence is forwarded, although the fifth segment telegram T5 is fourth telegram sequence was received earlier.
- the other second and fourth segment telegrams T2, T4 of the third telegram sequence are also transmitted from the first distribution node V1 to the first input / output interface PO of the first distribution node V1 before the fifth segment telegram T5
- the fourth telegram sequence is transmitted because the telegram sequence information in the third segment telegram T3 with priority 3 and in the second segment telegram T2 with priority 3 indicate a higher priority than priority 4, which the fifth segment telegram T5 of the fourth telegram sequence has.
- FIG. 4 shows the fifth telegram sequence transmitted to master subscriber M via the data transmission link D1 from the first distribution node V1 with the sequence first segment telegram T1, third segment telegram T3, second segment telegram T2, fourth segment telegram T4, fifth Segment telegram T5 and sixth segment telegram T6.
- high-priority segment telegrams are returned to the master subscriber M with priority.
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PCT/EP2020/074631 WO2021058254A1 (de) | 2019-09-23 | 2020-09-03 | Datenübertragungsverfahren, segment-telegramm und automatisierungskommunikationsnetzwerk |
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WO1995012265A1 (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-04 | Northern Telecom Limited | Digital telecommunication link for efficiently transporting mixed classes of packets |
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US8676219B2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2014-03-18 | Hart Communication Foundation | Combined wired and wireless communications with field devices in a process control environment |
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CN105578522B (zh) * | 2014-10-11 | 2019-01-01 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | 传输控制协议确认报文段的发送方法及装置 |
DE102017125086A1 (de) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | Beckhoff Automation Gmbh | Datenübertragungsverfahren und Kommunikationsnetzwerk |
DE102017130547A1 (de) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-19 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Senden von Datenpaketen, Steuergerät und System mit Steuergerät |
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WO2021058254A1 (de) | 2021-04-01 |
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