EP4025542A1

EP4025542A1 - Vehicle glass panel with insert and associated thermal camera device

Info

Publication number: EP4025542A1
Application number: EP20764103.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Vladimir Ouspenski; Keihann Yavari
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2019-09-06
Filing date: 2020-09-02
Publication date: 2022-07-13
Also published as: FR3100485B1; PE20220741A1; BR112022003354A2; MX2022002741A; CN112789168A; US20220324388A1; WO2021043838A1; FR3100485A1; JP2022547477A; KR20220061109A

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle glass panel (100) comprising, in a peripheral zone, a through-hole comprising an insert (2) made of a material with a crystalline structure, which is transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum of at least 9.5 to 10.5 μm and said material of the insert is transparent in the visible spectrum at a reference wavelength ranging between 500 nm and 600 nm. The invention also relates to the device with said glass panel and a thermal camera.

Description

DESCRIPTION

TITLE: VEHICLE WINDOW WITH INSERT AND ASSOCIATED THERMAL CAMERA DEVICE

The invention relates to glazing, in particular a windshield, in a motor vehicle, train or airplane in association with a thermal camera. The invention also describes a device combining said glazing and said thermal camera for such visualization of information.

Vehicle glazing and associated technology are constantly evolving, in particular to improve safety.

In particular, patent GB2271139 proposes a windshield comprising a laminated glazing with, in a central part and close to the upper longitudinal edge, an opening filled with an insert in a material highly transparent to thermal infrared, more precisely in zinc sulphide (ZnS ) at least 50% transmission from 5 to 15pm. A dedicated camera coupled to a screen visible to the driver is in the passenger compartment in front of the insert. The hole is circular and the insert is a disc glued to the walls of the hole.

In terms of manufacture, the hole is made before the windshield glass is autoclaved.

Such a windshield is not reliable enough. The invention aims to overcome this drawback.

More precisely, the present invention relates to a glazing (in particular laminated and / or curved) of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle (car, truck, public transport: bus, car, etc.) or rail (in particular at a maximum speed of at most 90 km / h or at most 70km / h, in particular subways, tramways) in particular a windshield, or even a rear window, side glazing, (of subcentimetric thickness E1 in particular at most 5mm for a windshield -mobile windshield), glazing having an external main face (called F1) oriented towards the outside (of the vehicle) and a main (most) internal face on the passenger compartment side (called F4 if laminated glazing or said F2) and, glazing comprising in a peripheral zone (preferably at the upper longitudinal edge and / or in a central region), a through hole between the internal face and the external face, hole delimited by a side wall of the glazing, in particular through hole forming a peripheral notch or closed hole (surrounded by the pa king), in particular the hole of equivalent diameter preferably at least 5mm, and is better at most 5cm or 3cm (with a constant equivalent diameter or an equivalent diameter larger on the inside than on the outside), in particular of convex cross section in particular circular or oval or ellipsoidal or even rectangular, square or hexagonal, hole comprising (being filled by ):

- an insert (flat or curved, with an outer face flush with or set back from the outer face F 1, or even with an inner face projecting, flush with or set back from the inner face F2 or respectively F4 if laminated glazing) made of transparent material in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum, insert of given thickness E0, in particular subcentimetric, which may be greater than E1,

- and preferably between the insert and the side wall, means for fixing the insert (and also preferably sealing against liquid or even gaseous water), in particular in the form of a ring made of organic polymer material ( or hybrid organic inorganic) and / or flexible, for example polycarbonate.

According to the invention, the range A is from 9.5pm to 10.5pm, preferably from 8 to 12pm or 13pm, preferably with a light transmission or more precisely an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better at least 60%, 65% or 70% in this range A.

According to the invention, in addition, the material of the insert (distinct from a glass) has a crystalline structure, preferably with cubic crystallography, is transparent in the visible at a reference wavelength between 500nm and 600nm and even from 540 or 550nm to 600nm, better in a range B of 550 to 600nm, preferably with a light transmission of at least 25% and better still of at least 30% or better still 40%, 60% in the range B.

Unlike conventional ZnS which is opaque in the visible spectrum, the material of the insert according to the invention is transparent in the visible area, which allows:

- to identify faults in the crystal in a simple way, thus limiting the scrap rate

- to pre-aim the optical system (with a so-called thermal camera sensitive in the reference wavelength and better still in range B),

- and even to use a camera or cameras sensitive in the visible spectra (in the range B) and infrared (in the range A), for example based on a division of a beam or by superimposing the detections (in simultaneously capturing infrared and visible images, etc.), to improve the identification and classification of objects in the optical field. It is possible to use a single objective associated with optical sensors and infrared detectors in the A range or a first objective associated with optical sensors in the reference wavelength and better still the B range and a second objective (in germanium, etc.) associated with infrared detectors in range A.

Light transmission is measured for the reference wavelength or better for range B with a spectrophotometer such as the Perkin Elmer Lambda-35.

The light transmission can be measured according to the ISO 9050: 2003 standard using the illuminant D65, and be the total transmission (in particular integrated in the visible range and weighted by the sensitivity curve of the human eye), taking into account both of the direct transmission and of the possible diffuse transmission, the measurement being made for example using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, the measurement at a given thickness then being converted if necessary to the reference thickness of 4mm according to ISO 9050: 2003.

Infrared optical transmission is measured for range A by a Fourier spectrometer such as the BrukerVertex-70.

Advantageously, the material of the insert has:

- an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 60%, 65% or 70% in the range A, in particular an infrared optical transmission variation of at most 5% or 3% or 2% ( flat spectrum) in range A

- and a light transmission of at least 25% and better still of at least 30% or even 40%, 60% in range B, in particular a variation in light transmission of at most 5% or 2% (flat spectrum) in beach B.

The material can even be transparent from the start of range B to the end of range A, and even preferably with a transmission variation of at most 8% or 5% (flat spectrum) over this entire range of lengths. wave.

For added safety, preferably, the modulus of rupture of the insert is greater than 20MPa and even 40MPa.

Preferably, the equivalent diameter of the hole (constant or variable in thickness) and the equivalent diameter of the insert - (constant or variable in thickness) are each at most 5cm and even at most 3cm, in particular of geometric shape, preferably with a convex cross section, in particular circular or oval or ellipsoidal, or else rectangular, square or hexagonal.

Too large a hole (and insert) size can degrade the mechanical strength of a glazing (windshield, etc.) with consequences for the safety of passengers.

Furthermore, the diameter of the insert is preferably at least 5mm.

Preferably, the insert is little or no hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of at most 0.2 g in 100 ml of water.

For more transparency, the thickness E0 of the insert can be less than or equal to 10mm.

The insert material preferably has an absorption coefficient in range A of at most 10 ⁵ cnr ¹ and even at most 10 ³ cnr ¹ in range A.

Preferably, the material of the insert has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or defects crystalline) larger than 20pm or even 12 or 10pm.

The insert is, for example, colorless or tinted (while remaining transparent), in particular yellow, orange.

The insert may be bulging.

The material of the insert can be polished (outside and inside).

The insert material is preferably cubic crystallography.

Advantageously, the material of the insert according to the invention is a polycrystalline material that is easier to manufacture than a single crystal.

Advantageously, the material of the insert according to the invention is chosen from a material (preferably polycrystalline), in particular obtained by chemical vapor deposition) following:

- a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or

- a compound comprising a barium fluoride

- Even a compound comprising thallium-iodide bromide such as that of KRS-5 type (Thallium Bromide-lodide).

And in particular the material of the insert is chosen from:

- a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing (treatment by an isostatic press at a temperature preferably of at least 800 ° C), in particular including selenium, such as ZnS _x Sei- _x with x preferably at least 0.97 more preferably at least 0.99 and more preferably at least 0.998 - a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe _y Si- _y with y of at least 0.97, better still of at least 0.99 and even better of y. at least 0.998 a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai-i. _j CaiSr _j F2 with i + j strictly less than 1, i and j each preferably at most 0.25, better at most 0.03 or even better at most 0.005 or even Bai-iCaiF2 with i strictly less to 1 and preferably at most 0.25, better still at most 0.03 or even better at most 0.005, in particular BaF2.

Zinc sulfide with multispectral grade (MS) is a recent material. It can be polycrystalline and obtained by implementing (in particular after formation by chemical vapor deposition CVD from zinc vapor and H2S gas) hot isostatic pressing (HIP in English). This seems to remove defects in the crystal lattice, in particular to eliminate the hexagonal phase crystallites by transforming them into the cubic main phase, to reduce the pore volumes and to homogenize the stoichiometry to thereby access transparency in the visible. Its structure is micro (poly) crystalline comprising grains generally of 10 to 50 μm.

As stated in the article “Recrystallization Behavior of Zinc Chalcogenides during Hot Isostatic Pressing” EM Gavrishchuk et al., Inorganics Materials, Vol 50, N ° 3 2014, the HIP can be in an argon atmosphere between 810 ° C and 1200 ° C and under pressure of 89 to 200 MPa for a period of 1 to 22 hours.

Transmission of multispectral zinc sulfide can be broad spectrum with flat spectrum. The transmission is in particular greater than 60% from 0.5 pm to 10 pm.

Multispectral zinc sulfide is chemically inert, (almost) non-hygroscopic with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.005g in 100 ml of water.

The refractive index of multispectral ZnS is, for example, between 2.1 and 2.3 in the range A and in the visible range between 2.3 and 2.6.

Multispectral zinc sulphide (in particular polycrystalline) is admittedly generally less hard than conventional zinc sulphide (monospectral) but this remains acceptable in view of the aforementioned optical advantages.

The modulus of rupture of the multispectral zinc sulfide insert can be greater than 60 or 65MPa.

Multispectral zinc sulfide is generally stronger than zinc selenide (and less than conventional zinc sulfide).

The multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (in particular obtained by the Bridgman method of recrystallization under pressure and at high temperature). An example of the fabrication of multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal is given in the publication by Gavrishuk et al. J. Crystal Growth 457, 2017, pp. 275-281.

Multispectral and preferably polycrystalline zinc sulfide is advantageous in view of its combination of optical, mechanical and chemical resistance properties.

The best known multispectral polycrystalline zinc sulfide is Cleartran ™.

Mention may be made of the multispectral ZnS product sold by the company II-VI or Crystaltechno Ltd. Preferably, the multispectral zinc sulphide (ZnSe and more widely ZnS _x Sei- _x ) and preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999. % and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 µm or even 12 or 10 µm.

Zinc selenide is less absorbent than multispectral zinc sulfide in the B range. Polycrystalline zinc selenide can also be obtained by CVD from zinc vapor and hhSe gas. Zinc selenide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (especially obtained by the Bridgman method under high pressure).

Zinc selenide is chemically inert, (almost) non-hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.005 g in 100 ml of water.

The transmission of zinc selenide (polycrystalline in particular) is broad spectrum and the spectrum is particularly flat. The transmission of zinc selenide (polycrystalline in particular) can be greater than 70% from 0.5 μm to 10 μm.

The modulus of rupture of the zinc selenide insert (especially polycrystalline) is greater than 50 or 55 MPa.

The grain size of polycrystalline zinc selenide can be between 50 and 70 µm.

As sellers of polycrystalline zinc selenide, mention may be made of the companies Hellma, II-VI or Crystaltechno Ltd.

An example of a ZnSe _y Si- _y single crystal predominantly made of zinc selenide is described in the publication by Kozielski et al. Journal of Crystal growth 30, 1975, pp 86-92. Preferably, zinc selenide (ZnSe _y Sr _y and in particular ZnSe) preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 µm or even 12 or 10 µm. The barium fluoride can be a single crystal obtained, for example, by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique.

Advantageously, the barium fluoride can be polycrystalline (ceramic) and obtained with the synthesis method from single crystals of barium fluoride which makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength (limit the cracking of single crystals due to cleavage. An example of fabrication of ceramic barium fluoride is given in the publication by Fedorov et al. Inorganic Materials 50, 2014, pp. 738-744.

Barium fluoride is weakly hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.2 g in 100 ml of water. It is preferred with an equivalent diameter of at most 1cm as a precaution. The modulus of rupture of the barium fluoride insert can be greater than 25MPa.

The transmission of barium fluoride can be broad spectrum, with a flat spectrum. The transmission of barium fluoride can be greater than 80% from 0.5pm to 10pm. As barium fluoride single crystal, mention may be made of the product sold by the company Hellma or Crystaltechno Ltd.

Preferably, the barium fluoride (Bai-i. _J CaiSr _j F2 or even BaCa, F2 and in particular BaF2) preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even of at least 99.995 % and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 µm or even 12 or 10 µm.

Preferably, for more stability, as described in the publication of Duvel et al. Solid State Sciences 83, 2018, pp 188-191 i and j are weak in particular i is at most 0.03, and j at plus 0.03 and even better still i at most 0.005, j at most 0.005.

Advantageously to improve the mechanical resistance, the insert comprising an outer face and an inner face, it comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protection layer on the outer face and possibly on the inner face.

The mechanical and / or chemical protective layer (preferably a coating - monolayer or multilayer -) can be chosen from at least one of the following layers:

- a layer comprising a zinc sulphide (in particular ZnS) in particular on an insert of ZnS _x Sei- _x , in particular ZnSe, for mechanical protection,

a diamond layer, preferably amorphous for its properties of adhesion to the crystal of the insert, in particular with a thickness of at least 10 nm or 20 nm and preferably from 50 nm to 300 nm and even at most 100 nm, a DLC layer (for “diamond like carbon” in English), that is to say a layer based on carbon of the diamond type, preferably amorphous, in particular with a thickness of at least 10 nm or 20 nm and preferably 50 nm at 300nm and even at most 100nm.

Adding a sufficiently thin layer of ZnS over ZnSe does not degrade transmission and ensures erosion resistance similar to massive ZnS. An example of a product is TUFTRAN ™ from Rohm & Haas.

For example the material such as ZnS _x Sei- _x (including ZnS) can be coated with a layer of ZnS to protect it against acids and other specific solvents such as methanol etc.

As an alternative to ZnS, it is therefore possible to deposit, for example by chemical phase deposition (in particular PECVD) or vapor phase deposition (PVD), a diamond layer (or a DLC layer) without degrading the transmission and ensuring further erosion resistance. bigger. An example of manufacture is described in the publication of Osipkov et al. IOP conf. Ser. Material Science and Engineering 74 (2015) 012013.

The glazing according to the invention can be a laminated glazing, in particular a vehicle windshield (road, automobile in particular), in particular curved, comprising a first sheet of glass with said internal main face called F1 and an opposite main face ( called F2) and a second glass sheet with said external main face called F4 on the inside of the passenger compartment (and the opposite main face F3), the first and second glass sheets being linked by a lamination interlayer, in particular acoustic and / or tinted, in a polymer material in particular organic (in particular thermoplastic).

In particular, laminated glazing comprises:

- a first sheet of glass, optionally clear, extraclar or tinted in particular gray or green, preferably curved, forming exterior glazing, with first and second main faces respectively called face F1 and face F2, if a motor vehicle preferably of thickness d '' at most 2.5mm, even at most 2mm - especially 1, 9mm, 1, 8mm, 1, 6mm and 1, 4mm - or even at most 1, 3mm or at most 1mm

- a lamination interlayer, optionally clear, extraclear or tinted, in particular gray or green, made of a polymeric material, preferably thermoplastic and better still of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), preferably if a motor vehicle has a thickness of at most 1.8mm, better still at most 1.2mm and even at most 0.9mm (and better still at least 0.3mm and even at least 0.6mm), in particular set back from the edge of the first glazing at most 2mm and set back from the edge of a second glazing by at most 2mm, the lamination interlayer possibly having a cross section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular a windshield) ,

- a second glazing, in mineral glass, preferably curved and preferably clear or extra-clear or even tinted, forming interior glazing, with third and fourth main faces, if a motor vehicle preferably has a thickness less than that of the first glazing, even d 'at most 2mm - in particular 1, 9mm, 1, 8mm, 1.6mm and 1, 4mm - or even at most 1, 3mm or at most 1mm, the thickness of the first and second glazing preferably being strictly less than 4mm, even at 3.7mm. The interior and / or exterior glass can be neutral (without coloring), or (slightly) tinted, in particular gray or green, such as TSA glass from Saint-Gobain Glass. The interior and / or exterior glass may have undergone a chemical or thermal treatment of the hardening, annealing or tempering type (for better mechanical resistance in particular) or be semi-tempered.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, the interlayer may of course comprise several sheets of thermoplastic material of different natures, for example of different hardnesses to ensure an acoustic function, as for example described in the publication US Pat. No. 6,132,882, in particular a set of PVB sheets of different hardnesses. Likewise, one of the glass sheets can be thinned compared to the thicknesses conventionally used.

According to the invention, the spacer may have a wedge shape, in particular with a view to a HUD (Head Up Display) application. Also one of the leaflets of the interlayer can be colored in the mass.

As usual lamination interlayer, in addition to PVB, mention may be made of the flexible polyurethane PU used, a plasticizer-free thermoplastic such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, an ionomer resin. These plastics have, for example, a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm, in particular 0.3 and 0.7 mm.

The lamination interlayer can comprise another functional plastic film (transparent, clear or tinted), for example a poly (ethylene terephthalate) PET film carrying an athermic, electrically conductive layer, etc., for example, we have PVB / functional film / PVB between the faces F2 and F3.

The transparent plastic film can be between 10 and 100 µm thick. The transparent plastic film can be more widely polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC). A clear film, in particular PET, is preferred.

As one can use for example a clear film of coated PET, for example XI R from the company Eastman, a coextruded film of PET-PMMA, for example of the SRF 3M® type, but also many other films (for example of PC, PE, PEN, PMMA, PVC), which are visually as transparent as possible and do not change in the autoclave with regard to their surface and consistency.

In order to limit heating in the passenger compartment or to limit the use of air conditioning, at least one of the glass sheets (preferably the exterior glass) is tinted, and the laminated glazing may also include a reflective or absorbent layer. solar radiation, preferably on the face F4 or on the face F2 or F3, in particular an electro-conductive transparent oxide layer called the TCO layer (on the face F4) or even a stack of thin layers comprising at least one TCO layer, or stacks of thin layers comprising at least one silver layer (in F2 or F3), the or each silver layer being disposed between dielectric layers.

We can combine a layer (silver) on face F2 and / or F3 and a TCO layer on face F4.

The TCO layer (of an electrically conductive transparent oxide) is preferably a layer of tin oxide doped with fluorine (SnC> 2: F) or a layer of mixed tin and indium oxide (ITO ).

Of course, the most popular application is for the glazing to be a windshield of a road vehicle (automobile) or even a rail vehicle (at moderate speed).

The glazing according to the invention may comprise at least a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face an opaque layer (masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the camera (s) for example. ).

The laminated glazing according to the invention may comprise a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face (for example the face F2) an opaque layer (masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the camera (s) for example) and / or a second sheet of glass comprising on a main face (for example the face F3 or F4) an opaque layer (of masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (of so as to hide the camera (s) for example). It is also possible to provide a masking layer on at least one of the main faces of the lamination interlayer, in particular PVB.

The invention also relates to a device which comprises:

- the glazing as described above

a so-called thermal camera (sensitive in range A), placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive radiation after passing through said insert, thermal camera comprising an objective and an infrared detection system in range A, for example by microbolometry, in particular without cryogenic cooling, said camera optionally also being optical and comprising another sensor system (in range B)

- optionally an optical sensor (CCD or CMOS, etc.) at the reference wavelength or better still in the range B in particular which is integrated into the thermal camera which is also optical or which is associated with a separate optical camera placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive light radiation after passing through said insert.

Preferred is infrared detection with maximum sensitivity in range A and even low sensitivity beyond 15 or 14pm and below 7 or 6pm.

As an example of a thermal camera, mention may be made of the product Atom®1024 from the company Lynred USA.

Certain advantageous but non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are described below, which can of course be combined with one another if necessary.

Figure 1 schematically shows a windshield 100 according to the invention, in section with a thermal camera 7 placed behind the windshield facing an area which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windshield. In this area, the camera is oriented at a certain angle with respect to the surface of the windshield (face F4). In particular, the lens and the infrared sensors are oriented directly towards the image capture area, in a direction close to parallel to the ground, that is to say only slightly inclined towards the road. In other words, the camera 7 is oriented towards the road at a low angle with a field 70 adapted to fulfill its functions.

The windshield is a classic laminated glazing comprising:

- an outer sheet of glass 1 preferably tinted, for example TSA glass and 2.1 mm thick, with outer face F1 and inner face F2

- and an internal glass sheet 1 ', for example TSA glass (or clear or extraclear) and 2.1mm thick or even 1.6mm or even less, with exterior face F3 and interior face F4 on the passenger compartment side - the two glass sheets being linked to each other by an interlayer of thermoplastic material 3, most often of polyvinylbutyral (PVB). preferably clear, of submillimeter thickness possibly having a cross section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing, for example a PVB (RC41 from Solutia or from Eastman) of thickness approximately 0.76mm or alternatively if necessary an acoustic PVB (three-layer or four-layer), for example approximately 0.81 mm thick, for example an interlayer made of three PVB sheets.

Conventionally and well known, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the elements 1, 2 and 3.

The windshield 100 comprises on the outer face 11 for example (or preferably in F2 and / or on the face F3 or F4) preferably an opaque coating, for example black 6, such as a layer of enamel or black lacquer. , over the entire surface of the glazing arranged opposite the device incorporating the thermal camera (therefore over the entire periphery of the hole), including its housing 8 (plastic, metal, etc.), so as to hide it. The box 8 can be glued to the face F4 by an adhesive 80 and to the roof 9.

The opaque layer 6 can extend beyond the area with the insert. Optionally the (lateral) extension of the opaque layer forming a band at the upper edge of the through-hole so that the windshield has an opaque band (black) along the upper longitudinal edge or even an opaque frame (black) over the entire periphery.

According to the invention, in the peripheral zone facing the camera, the windshield comprises a through hole between the internal face and the external face, a hole delimited by a side wall 10 of the laminated glazing (glass 1 / PVB 3 / glass 1 '), said through hole comprising:

- an insert 2 made of material with a crystalline structure, transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared which goes at least from 9.5 to 10.5 μm and preferably from 8 to 12 μm, the insert being of thickness E0 preferably given less than or equal to 10mm,

- Between the insert and the side wall, the insert fixing means in particular in the form of a ring 5 made of flexible material, polymer, the fixing means being in particular glued to the side wall 10.

The material of the insert 2 is also transparent in the visible at a reference wavelength between 500nm and 600nm and better still is transparent in the visible at least in a range B ranging from 550 to 600nm. The material of the insert 2 has an infrared (optical) transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 65% in said range A and a light transmission of at least 30% and better still of at least 40% at the reference wavelength and better in range B.

The insert has a modulus of rupture greater than 20MPa.

The equivalent diameter of the hole is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm, the equivalent diameter of the insert is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm.

The material of the insert 2, preferably polycrystalline, is chosen from:

- a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or

- a compound comprising a barium fluoride.

In particular we choose:

- a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing, in particular including selenium, such as ZnS _x Sei- _x with x preferably at least 0.97, in particular multispectral ZnS

- or a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe _y Si- _y with y of at least 0.97 a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai- ,. _j Ca _j SnF with i and j preferably at most 0.25 or alternatively Bai-iCaiF with i preferably at most 0.25, in particular BaF.

The insert 2 has an outer face and an inner face and here it preferably comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protection layer 4 on the outer face and possibly on the inner face. It is a coating chosen from a layer comprising a zinc sulfide, a diamond layer or a DLC layer.

Preferably, one can choose a multispectral ZnS bare or covered with a protective layer of zinc sulphide or a ZnSe covered with a protective layer of zinc sulphide.

We can add another camera which is optical collecting the light rays after passing through the insert 2 or simply add optical sensors in range B.

The through hole may alternatively be a notch, therefore a through hole preferably opening on the roof side.

The through-hole (and insert) may be in another region of the windshield or even in other glazing of the vehicle.

The glazing of the vehicle can be monolithic.

Claims

1. Vehicle glazing (100), in particular automobile or rail, in particular windshield, rear window, side glazing, of given thickness E1, glazing having an external main face (11) facing outwards and a main face interior (14) passenger compartment side, glazing comprising, in a peripheral zone, a through hole between the internal face and the external face, hole delimited by a side wall (10 ') of the glazing, said through hole comprising an insert (2) in material with a crystalline structure, transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum beyond 2.5 μm, the insert having a given thickness E0, characterized in that the range A is at least 9, 5 to 10.5 pm and preferably 8 to 12 pm and in that said insert material is transparent in the visible range at a reference wavelength of between 500nm and 600nm.

2. Vehicle glazing (100) according to the preceding claim characterized in that said insert material is transparent in the visible range in a range B ranging from 550 to 600nm.

3. Vehicle glazing (100) according to the preceding claim characterized in that the material of the insert has an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 60%, 65% or 70% in said range. A and a light transmission of at least 30% and better still at least 40% at the reference wavelength and better in range B.

4. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert has a modulus of rupture greater than 20MPa.

5. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the equivalent diameter of the hole is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm, and preferably the equivalent diameter of the insert is d 'at most 5cm and even at most 3cm.

6. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the insert is polycrystalline, in particular obtained by chemical vapor deposition and by hot isostatic pressing.

7. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the insert is chosen from:

- a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or

- a compound comprising a barium fluoride.

8. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the insert is chosen from: - a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing, in particular including selenium, such as ZnS _x Sei- _x with x preferably at least 0.97, in particular multispectral ZnS

- a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe _y Si- _y with y of at least 0.97 a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai-i- _j CaiSr _j F with i + j strictly less than 1 and i and j each preferably at most 0.25 or even Bai-iCaiF with i strictly less than 1 and preferably at most 0.25, in particular BaF.

9. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the insert (2) has an outer face and an inner face and it comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protective layer (4) on the exterior face and possibly on the interior face.

10. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical and / or chemical protective layer (4) is chosen from: a layer comprising a zinc sulphide, a diamond layer or a DLC layer. .

11. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises between the insert and the side wall, fixing means (5) of the insert in particular in the form of a ring. flexible material and / or polymer, the fixing means being in particular glued to the side wall (10).

12. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it forms a laminated glazing, in particular a windshield, in particular curved, the laminated glazing comprising a first sheet of glass (1) with said internal face called F1 and an opposite face and a second sheet of glass (1 ') with said external face called F4 on the inside of the passenger compartment, the first and second sheets of glass being linked by a lamination interlayer (3), acoustic and / or tinted in a polymeric material.

13. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face an opaque layer, in particular an enamel (6), at the edge of the through hole.

14. Device characterized in that it comprises:

- said glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims - a so-called thermal camera (7), arranged in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive radiation after passing through said insert, thermal camera comprising an objective and an infrared detection system in range A,

- optionally an optical sensor at the reference wavelength or better still in the range B in particular which is integrated into the thermal camera which is also optical or which is associated with a separate optical camera arranged in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so receiving light radiation after passing through said insert (2).