EP4025542A1 - Vehicle glass panel with insert and associated thermal camera device - Google Patents
Vehicle glass panel with insert and associated thermal camera deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4025542A1 EP4025542A1 EP20764103.6A EP20764103A EP4025542A1 EP 4025542 A1 EP4025542 A1 EP 4025542A1 EP 20764103 A EP20764103 A EP 20764103A EP 4025542 A1 EP4025542 A1 EP 4025542A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- glazing
- face
- range
- vehicle glazing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 Zinc Chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001691 Bridgeman technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009365 direct transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical group [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGAPATLGJSQQBU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) bromide Chemical compound [Tl]Br PGAPATLGJSQQBU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) iodide Chemical compound [Tl]I CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
- B60R1/20—Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
- B60R1/30—Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles providing vision in the non-visible spectrum, e.g. night or infrared vision
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/04—Mounting of cameras operative during drive; Arrangement of controls thereof relative to the vehicle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/32—Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulfides or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium
- C03C3/321—Chalcogenide glasses, e.g. containing S, Se, Te
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/32—Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulfides or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium
- C03C3/325—Fluoride glasses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
- B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
- B60R2011/0026—Windows, e.g. windscreen
Definitions
- TITLE VEHICLE WINDOW WITH INSERT AND ASSOCIATED THERMAL CAMERA DEVICE
- the invention relates to glazing, in particular a windshield, in a motor vehicle, train or airplane in association with a thermal camera.
- the invention also describes a device combining said glazing and said thermal camera for such visualization of information.
- patent GB2271139 proposes a windshield comprising a laminated glazing with, in a central part and close to the upper longitudinal edge, an opening filled with an insert in a material highly transparent to thermal infrared, more precisely in zinc sulphide (ZnS ) at least 50% transmission from 5 to 15pm.
- ZnS zinc sulphide
- a dedicated camera coupled to a screen visible to the driver is in the passenger compartment in front of the insert.
- the hole is circular and the insert is a disc glued to the walls of the hole.
- the hole is made before the windshield glass is autoclaved.
- the invention aims to overcome this drawback.
- the present invention relates to a glazing (in particular laminated and / or curved) of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle (car, truck, public transport: bus, car, etc.) or rail (in particular at a maximum speed of at most 90 km / h or at most 70km / h, in particular subways, tramways) in particular a windshield, or even a rear window, side glazing, (of subcentimetric thickness E1 in particular at most 5mm for a windshield -mobile windshield), glazing having an external main face (called F1) oriented towards the outside (of the vehicle) and a main (most) internal face on the passenger compartment side (called F4 if laminated glazing or said F2) and, glazing comprising in a peripheral zone (preferably at the upper longitudinal edge and / or in a central region), a through hole between the internal face and the external face, hole delimited by a side wall of the glazing, in particular through hole forming a peripheral notch or closed hole (surrounded by the pa king), in particular the hole of equivalent diameter
- an insert flat or curved, with an outer face flush with or set back from the outer face F 1, or even with an inner face projecting, flush with or set back from the inner face F2 or respectively F4 if laminated glazing
- an insert made of transparent material in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum, insert of given thickness E0, in particular subcentimetric, which may be greater than E1
- the range A is from 9.5pm to 10.5pm, preferably from 8 to 12pm or 13pm, preferably with a light transmission or more precisely an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better at least 60%, 65% or 70% in this range A.
- the material of the insert (distinct from a glass) has a crystalline structure, preferably with cubic crystallography, is transparent in the visible at a reference wavelength between 500nm and 600nm and even from 540 or 550nm to 600nm, better in a range B of 550 to 600nm, preferably with a light transmission of at least 25% and better still of at least 30% or better still 40%, 60% in the range B.
- the material of the insert according to the invention is transparent in the visible area, which allows:
- Light transmission is measured for the reference wavelength or better for range B with a spectrophotometer such as the Perkin Elmer Lambda-35.
- the light transmission can be measured according to the ISO 9050: 2003 standard using the illuminant D65, and be the total transmission (in particular integrated in the visible range and weighted by the sensitivity curve of the human eye), taking into account both of the direct transmission and of the possible diffuse transmission, the measurement being made for example using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, the measurement at a given thickness then being converted if necessary to the reference thickness of 4mm according to ISO 9050: 2003.
- Infrared optical transmission is measured for range A by a Fourier spectrometer such as the BrukerVertex-70.
- the material of the insert has:
- the material can even be transparent from the start of range B to the end of range A, and even preferably with a transmission variation of at most 8% or 5% (flat spectrum) over this entire range of lengths. wave.
- the modulus of rupture of the insert is greater than 20MPa and even 40MPa.
- the equivalent diameter of the hole (constant or variable in thickness) and the equivalent diameter of the insert - (constant or variable in thickness) are each at most 5cm and even at most 3cm, in particular of geometric shape, preferably with a convex cross section, in particular circular or oval or ellipsoidal, or else rectangular, square or hexagonal.
- Too large a hole (and insert) size can degrade the mechanical strength of a glazing (windshield, etc.) with consequences for the safety of passengers.
- the diameter of the insert is preferably at least 5mm.
- the insert is little or no hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of at most 0.2 g in 100 ml of water.
- the thickness E0 of the insert can be less than or equal to 10mm.
- the insert material preferably has an absorption coefficient in range A of at most 10 5 cnr 1 and even at most 10 3 cnr 1 in range A.
- the material of the insert has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or defects crystalline) larger than 20pm or even 12 or 10pm.
- the insert is, for example, colorless or tinted (while remaining transparent), in particular yellow, orange.
- the insert may be bulging.
- the material of the insert can be polished (outside and inside).
- the insert material is preferably cubic crystallography.
- the material of the insert according to the invention is a polycrystalline material that is easier to manufacture than a single crystal.
- the material of the insert according to the invention is chosen from a material (preferably polycrystalline), in particular obtained by chemical vapor deposition) following:
- the material of the insert is chosen from:
- a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing (treatment by an isostatic press at a temperature preferably of at least 800 ° C), in particular including selenium, such as ZnS x Sei- x with x preferably at least 0.97 more preferably at least 0.99 and more preferably at least 0.998 - a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe y Si- y with y of at least 0.97, better still of at least 0.99 and even better of y. at least 0.998 a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai-i.
- Zinc sulfide with multispectral grade is a recent material. It can be polycrystalline and obtained by implementing (in particular after formation by chemical vapor deposition CVD from zinc vapor and H2S gas) hot isostatic pressing (HIP in English). This seems to remove defects in the crystal lattice, in particular to eliminate the hexagonal phase crystallites by transforming them into the cubic main phase, to reduce the pore volumes and to homogenize the stoichiometry to thereby access transparency in the visible. Its structure is micro (poly) crystalline comprising grains generally of 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the HIP can be in an argon atmosphere between 810 ° C and 1200 ° C and under pressure of 89 to 200 MPa for a period of 1 to 22 hours.
- Transmission of multispectral zinc sulfide can be broad spectrum with flat spectrum.
- the transmission is in particular greater than 60% from 0.5 pm to 10 pm.
- Multispectral zinc sulfide is chemically inert, (almost) non-hygroscopic with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.005g in 100 ml of water.
- the refractive index of multispectral ZnS is, for example, between 2.1 and 2.3 in the range A and in the visible range between 2.3 and 2.6.
- Multispectral zinc sulphide in particular polycrystalline
- conventional zinc sulphide monospectral
- the modulus of rupture of the multispectral zinc sulfide insert can be greater than 60 or 65MPa.
- Multispectral zinc sulfide is generally stronger than zinc selenide (and less than conventional zinc sulfide).
- the multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (in particular obtained by the Bridgman method of recrystallization under pressure and at high temperature).
- An example of the fabrication of multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal is given in the publication by Gavrishuk et al. J. Crystal Growth 457, 2017, pp. 275-281.
- Multispectral and preferably polycrystalline zinc sulfide is advantageous in view of its combination of optical, mechanical and chemical resistance properties.
- the best known multispectral polycrystalline zinc sulfide is Cleartran TM.
- the multispectral ZnS product sold by the company II-VI or Crystaltechno Ltd.
- the multispectral zinc sulphide (ZnSe and more widely ZnS x Sei- x ) and preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999. % and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 ⁇ m or even 12 or 10 ⁇ m.
- Zinc selenide is less absorbent than multispectral zinc sulfide in the B range.
- Polycrystalline zinc selenide can also be obtained by CVD from zinc vapor and hhSe gas. Zinc selenide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (especially obtained by the Bridgman method under high pressure).
- Zinc selenide is chemically inert, (almost) non-hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.005 g in 100 ml of water.
- the transmission of zinc selenide is broad spectrum and the spectrum is particularly flat.
- the transmission of zinc selenide can be greater than 70% from 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the modulus of rupture of the zinc selenide insert (especially polycrystalline) is greater than 50 or 55 MPa.
- the grain size of polycrystalline zinc selenide can be between 50 and 70 ⁇ m.
- ZnSe y Si- y single crystal predominantly made of zinc selenide is described in the publication by Kozielski et al. Journal of Crystal growth 30, 1975, pp 86-92.
- zinc selenide (ZnSe y Sr y and in particular ZnSe) preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 ⁇ m or even 12 or 10 ⁇ m.
- the barium fluoride can be a single crystal obtained, for example, by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique.
- the barium fluoride can be polycrystalline (ceramic) and obtained with the synthesis method from single crystals of barium fluoride which makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength (limit the cracking of single crystals due to cleavage.
- An example of fabrication of ceramic barium fluoride is given in the publication by Fedorov et al. Inorganic Materials 50, 2014, pp. 738-744.
- Barium fluoride is weakly hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.2 g in 100 ml of water. It is preferred with an equivalent diameter of at most 1cm as a precaution.
- the modulus of rupture of the barium fluoride insert can be greater than 25MPa.
- the transmission of barium fluoride can be broad spectrum, with a flat spectrum.
- the transmission of barium fluoride can be greater than 80% from 0.5pm to 10pm.
- barium fluoride single crystal mention may be made of the product sold by the company Hellma or Crystaltechno Ltd.
- the barium fluoride (Bai-i. J CaiSr j F2 or even BaCa, F2 and in particular BaF2) preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even of at least 99.995 % and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 ⁇ m or even 12 or 10 ⁇ m.
- i and j are weak in particular i is at most 0.03, and j at plus 0.03 and even better still i at most 0.005, j at most 0.005.
- the insert comprising an outer face and an inner face, it comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protection layer on the outer face and possibly on the inner face.
- the mechanical and / or chemical protective layer (preferably a coating - monolayer or multilayer -) can be chosen from at least one of the following layers:
- ZnS zinc sulphide
- a diamond layer preferably amorphous for its properties of adhesion to the crystal of the insert, in particular with a thickness of at least 10 nm or 20 nm and preferably from 50 nm to 300 nm and even at most 100 nm
- a DLC layer for “diamond like carbon” in English
- a layer based on carbon of the diamond type preferably amorphous, in particular with a thickness of at least 10 nm or 20 nm and preferably 50 nm at 300nm and even at most 100nm.
- Adding a sufficiently thin layer of ZnS over ZnSe does not degrade transmission and ensures erosion resistance similar to massive ZnS.
- An example of a product is TUFTRAN TM from Rohm & Haas.
- the material such as ZnS x Sei- x can be coated with a layer of ZnS to protect it against acids and other specific solvents such as methanol etc.
- ZnS As an alternative to ZnS, it is therefore possible to deposit, for example by chemical phase deposition (in particular PECVD) or vapor phase deposition (PVD), a diamond layer (or a DLC layer) without degrading the transmission and ensuring further erosion resistance. bigger.
- chemical phase deposition in particular PECVD
- PVD vapor phase deposition
- An example of manufacture is described in the publication of Osipkov et al. IOP conf. Ser. Material Science and Engineering 74 (2015) 012013.
- the glazing according to the invention can be a laminated glazing, in particular a vehicle windshield (road, automobile in particular), in particular curved, comprising a first sheet of glass with said internal main face called F1 and an opposite main face (called F2) and a second glass sheet with said external main face called F4 on the inside of the passenger compartment (and the opposite main face F3), the first and second glass sheets being linked by a lamination interlayer, in particular acoustic and / or tinted, in a polymer material in particular organic (in particular thermoplastic).
- a lamination interlayer in particular acoustic and / or tinted
- laminated glazing comprises:
- first sheet of glass optionally clear, extraclar or tinted in particular gray or green, preferably curved, forming exterior glazing, with first and second main faces respectively called face F1 and face F2, if a motor vehicle preferably of thickness d '' at most 2.5mm, even at most 2mm - especially 1, 9mm, 1, 8mm, 1, 6mm and 1, 4mm - or even at most 1, 3mm or at most 1mm
- a lamination interlayer optionally clear, extraclear or tinted, in particular gray or green, made of a polymeric material, preferably thermoplastic and better still of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), preferably if a motor vehicle has a thickness of at most 1.8mm, better still at most 1.2mm and even at most 0.9mm (and better still at least 0.3mm and even at least 0.6mm), in particular set back from the edge of the first glazing at most 2mm and set back from the edge of a second glazing by at most 2mm, the lamination interlayer possibly having a cross section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular a windshield) ,
- a second glazing in mineral glass, preferably curved and preferably clear or extra-clear or even tinted, forming interior glazing, with third and fourth main faces, if a motor vehicle preferably has a thickness less than that of the first glazing, even d 'at most 2mm - in particular 1, 9mm, 1, 8mm, 1.6mm and 1, 4mm - or even at most 1, 3mm or at most 1mm, the thickness of the first and second glazing preferably being strictly less than 4mm, even at 3.7mm.
- the interior and / or exterior glass can be neutral (without coloring), or (slightly) tinted, in particular gray or green, such as TSA glass from Saint-Gobain Glass.
- the interior and / or exterior glass may have undergone a chemical or thermal treatment of the hardening, annealing or tempering type (for better mechanical resistance in particular) or be semi-tempered.
- the interlayer may of course comprise several sheets of thermoplastic material of different natures, for example of different hardnesses to ensure an acoustic function, as for example described in the publication US Pat. No. 6,132,882, in particular a set of PVB sheets of different hardnesses.
- one of the glass sheets can be thinned compared to the thicknesses conventionally used.
- the spacer may have a wedge shape, in particular with a view to a HUD (Head Up Display) application.
- HUD Head Up Display
- one of the leaflets of the interlayer can be colored in the mass.
- plasticizer-free thermoplastic such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, an ionomer resin.
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- ionomer resin an ionomer resin.
- the lamination interlayer can comprise another functional plastic film (transparent, clear or tinted), for example a poly (ethylene terephthalate) PET film carrying an athermic, electrically conductive layer, etc., for example, we have PVB / functional film / PVB between the faces F2 and F3.
- a functional plastic film transparent, clear or tinted
- a poly (ethylene terephthalate) PET film carrying an athermic, electrically conductive layer, etc., for example, we have PVB / functional film / PVB between the faces F2 and F3.
- the transparent plastic film can be between 10 and 100 ⁇ m thick.
- the transparent plastic film can be more widely polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC).
- a clear film of coated PET for example XI R from the company Eastman
- a coextruded film of PET-PMMA for example of the SRF 3M® type
- many other films for example of PC, PE, PEN, PMMA, PVC
- the laminated glazing may also include a reflective or absorbent layer.
- solar radiation preferably on the face F4 or on the face F2 or F3, in particular an electro-conductive transparent oxide layer called the TCO layer (on the face F4) or even a stack of thin layers comprising at least one TCO layer, or stacks of thin layers comprising at least one silver layer (in F2 or F3), the or each silver layer being disposed between dielectric layers.
- the TCO layer (of an electrically conductive transparent oxide) is preferably a layer of tin oxide doped with fluorine (SnC> 2: F) or a layer of mixed tin and indium oxide (ITO ).
- the glazing is a windshield of a road vehicle (automobile) or even a rail vehicle (at moderate speed).
- the glazing according to the invention may comprise at least a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face an opaque layer (masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the camera (s) for example. ).
- the laminated glazing according to the invention may comprise a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face (for example the face F2) an opaque layer (masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the camera (s) for example) and / or a second sheet of glass comprising on a main face (for example the face F3 or F4) an opaque layer (of masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (of so as to hide the camera (s) for example). It is also possible to provide a masking layer on at least one of the main faces of the lamination interlayer, in particular PVB.
- the invention also relates to a device which comprises:
- thermal camera placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive radiation after passing through said insert
- thermal camera comprising an objective and an infrared detection system in range A, for example by microbolometry, in particular without cryogenic cooling, said camera optionally also being optical and comprising another sensor system (in range B)
- an optical sensor CCD or CMOS, etc.
- CCD complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- the reference wavelength or better still in the range B in particular which is integrated into the thermal camera which is also optical or which is associated with a separate optical camera placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive light radiation after passing through said insert.
- Preferred is infrared detection with maximum sensitivity in range A and even low sensitivity beyond 15 or 14pm and below 7 or 6pm.
- thermal camera As an example of a thermal camera, mention may be made of the product Atom®1024 from the company Lynred USA.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a windshield 100 according to the invention, in section with a thermal camera 7 placed behind the windshield facing an area which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windshield.
- the camera is oriented at a certain angle with respect to the surface of the windshield (face F4).
- face F4 the lens and the infrared sensors are oriented directly towards the image capture area, in a direction close to parallel to the ground, that is to say only slightly inclined towards the road.
- the camera 7 is oriented towards the road at a low angle with a field 70 adapted to fulfill its functions.
- the windshield is a classic laminated glazing comprising:
- an outer sheet of glass 1 preferably tinted, for example TSA glass and 2.1 mm thick, with outer face F1 and inner face F2
- an internal glass sheet 1 ' for example TSA glass (or clear or extraclear) and 2.1mm thick or even 1.6mm or even less, with exterior face F3 and interior face F4 on the passenger compartment side - the two glass sheets being linked to each other by an interlayer of thermoplastic material 3, most often of polyvinylbutyral (PVB).
- PVB polyvinylbutyral
- a PVB RC41 from Solutia or from Eastman
- an acoustic PVB three-layer or four-layer
- approximately 0.81 mm thick for example an interlayer made of three PVB sheets.
- the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the elements 1, 2 and 3.
- the windshield 100 comprises on the outer face 11 for example (or preferably in F2 and / or on the face F3 or F4) preferably an opaque coating, for example black 6, such as a layer of enamel or black lacquer. , over the entire surface of the glazing arranged opposite the device incorporating the thermal camera (therefore over the entire periphery of the hole), including its housing 8 (plastic, metal, etc.), so as to hide it.
- the box 8 can be glued to the face F4 by an adhesive 80 and to the roof 9.
- the opaque layer 6 can extend beyond the area with the insert.
- the (lateral) extension of the opaque layer forming a band at the upper edge of the through-hole so that the windshield has an opaque band (black) along the upper longitudinal edge or even an opaque frame (black) over the entire periphery.
- the windshield in the peripheral zone facing the camera, the windshield comprises a through hole between the internal face and the external face, a hole delimited by a side wall 10 of the laminated glazing (glass 1 / PVB 3 / glass 1 '), said through hole comprising:
- an insert 2 made of material with a crystalline structure, transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared which goes at least from 9.5 to 10.5 ⁇ m and preferably from 8 to 12 ⁇ m, the insert being of thickness E0 preferably given less than or equal to 10mm,
- the insert fixing means in particular in the form of a ring 5 made of flexible material, polymer, the fixing means being in particular glued to the side wall 10.
- the material of the insert 2 is also transparent in the visible at a reference wavelength between 500nm and 600nm and better still is transparent in the visible at least in a range B ranging from 550 to 600nm.
- the material of the insert 2 has an infrared (optical) transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 65% in said range A and a light transmission of at least 30% and better still of at least 40% at the reference wavelength and better in range B.
- the insert has a modulus of rupture greater than 20MPa.
- the equivalent diameter of the hole is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm
- the equivalent diameter of the insert is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm.
- the material of the insert 2 preferably polycrystalline, is chosen from:
- - a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing, in particular including selenium, such as ZnS x Sei- x with x preferably at least 0.97, in particular multispectral ZnS
- the insert 2 has an outer face and an inner face and here it preferably comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protection layer 4 on the outer face and possibly on the inner face. It is a coating chosen from a layer comprising a zinc sulfide, a diamond layer or a DLC layer.
- the through hole may alternatively be a notch, therefore a through hole preferably opening on the roof side.
- the through-hole (and insert) may be in another region of the windshield or even in other glazing of the vehicle.
- the glazing of the vehicle can be monolithic.
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- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vehicle glass panel (100) comprising, in a peripheral zone, a through-hole comprising an insert (2) made of a material with a crystalline structure, which is transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum of at least 9.5 to 10.5 μm and said material of the insert is transparent in the visible spectrum at a reference wavelength ranging between 500 nm and 600 nm. The invention also relates to the device with said glass panel and a thermal camera.
Description
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : VITRAGE DE VEHICULE AVEC INSERT ET DISPOSITIF A CAMERA THERMIQUE ASSOCIE TITLE: VEHICLE WINDOW WITH INSERT AND ASSOCIATED THERMAL CAMERA DEVICE
L’invention se rapporte à un vitrage, en particulier un pare-brise, dans un véhicule automobile, du train ou d’un avion en association avec une caméra thermique. L’invention décrit également un dispositif combinant ledit vitrage et ladite caméra thermique pour une telle visualisation d’informations. The invention relates to glazing, in particular a windshield, in a motor vehicle, train or airplane in association with a thermal camera. The invention also describes a device combining said glazing and said thermal camera for such visualization of information.
Les vitrages pour véhicules et la technologie associée évoluent constamment, notamment pour améliorer la sécurité. Vehicle glazing and associated technology are constantly evolving, in particular to improve safety.
En particulier le brevet GB2271139 propose un pare-brise comportant un vitrage feuilleté avec, dans une partie centrale et proche du bord longitudinale supérieur, une ouverture comblée par un insert en matériau hautement transparent aux infrarouges thermiques, plus précisément en en sulfure de zinc (ZnS) de transmission d’au moins 50% de 5 à 15pm. Une caméra dédiée couplée à un écran visible par le conducteur est dans l’habitacle en face de l’insert. Le trou est circulaire et l’insert est un disque collé aux parois du trou. In particular, patent GB2271139 proposes a windshield comprising a laminated glazing with, in a central part and close to the upper longitudinal edge, an opening filled with an insert in a material highly transparent to thermal infrared, more precisely in zinc sulphide (ZnS ) at least 50% transmission from 5 to 15pm. A dedicated camera coupled to a screen visible to the driver is in the passenger compartment in front of the insert. The hole is circular and the insert is a disc glued to the walls of the hole.
En termes de fabrication, le trou est fabriqué avant passage en autoclave du verre de pare-brise. In terms of manufacture, the hole is made before the windshield glass is autoclaved.
Un tel pare-brise n’est pas suffisamment fiable. L’invention vise à pallier cet inconvénient. Such a windshield is not reliable enough. The invention aims to overcome this drawback.
Plus précisément, la présente invention se rapporte à un vitrage (notamment feuilleté et/ou bombé) de véhicule notamment automobile (voiture, camion, transport en commun : bus, car etc) ou ferroviaire (en particulier à vitesse maximale d’au plus 90km/h ou d’au plus 70km/h, en particulier les métros, tramway) en particulier un pare-brise, ou encore une lunette arrière, un vitrage latéral, (d’épaisseur E1 subcentimétrique notamment d’au plus 5mm pour un pare-brise automobile), vitrage ayant une face principale externe (dite F1) orientée vers l’extérieur (du véhicule) et une face principale (la plus) interne côté habitacle (dite F4 si vitrage feuilleté ou dite F2) et, vitrage comportant dans une zone périphérique (de préférence en bord longitudinal supérieur et/ou dans une région centrale), un trou traversant entre la face interne et la face externe, trou délimité par une paroi latérale du vitrage, notamment trou débouchant formant une encoche périphérique ou trou fermé (entouré par la paroi), en particulier le trou de diamètre équivalent de préférence d’au moins 5mm, et est mieux d’au plus 5cm
ou 3cm (avec un diamètre équivalent constant ou un diamètre équivalent plus large en face intérieure qu’en face extérieure), notamment de section droite convexe en particulier circulaire ou ovale ou ellipsoïdale ou encore rectangulaire, carrée ou hexagonale, trou comportant (étant comblé par ) : More precisely, the present invention relates to a glazing (in particular laminated and / or curved) of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle (car, truck, public transport: bus, car, etc.) or rail (in particular at a maximum speed of at most 90 km / h or at most 70km / h, in particular subways, tramways) in particular a windshield, or even a rear window, side glazing, (of subcentimetric thickness E1 in particular at most 5mm for a windshield -mobile windshield), glazing having an external main face (called F1) oriented towards the outside (of the vehicle) and a main (most) internal face on the passenger compartment side (called F4 if laminated glazing or said F2) and, glazing comprising in a peripheral zone (preferably at the upper longitudinal edge and / or in a central region), a through hole between the internal face and the external face, hole delimited by a side wall of the glazing, in particular through hole forming a peripheral notch or closed hole (surrounded by the pa king), in particular the hole of equivalent diameter preferably at least 5mm, and is better at most 5cm or 3cm (with a constant equivalent diameter or an equivalent diameter larger on the inside than on the outside), in particular of convex cross section in particular circular or oval or ellipsoidal or even rectangular, square or hexagonal, hole comprising (being filled by ):
- un insert (plan ou bombé, avec une face extérieure affleurant ou en retrait de la face externe F 1 , voire aussi avec une face intérieure dépassant, affleurant ou en retrait de la face interne F2 ou respectivement F4 si vitrage feuilleté) en matériau transparent dans une plage A de longueurs d’onde dans le spectre des infrarouges, insert d’épaisseur E0 donnée, notamment subcentimétrique, qui peut être supérieure à E1 ,- an insert (flat or curved, with an outer face flush with or set back from the outer face F 1, or even with an inner face projecting, flush with or set back from the inner face F2 or respectively F4 if laminated glazing) made of transparent material in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum, insert of given thickness E0, in particular subcentimetric, which may be greater than E1,
- et de préférence entre l’insert et la paroi latérale, des moyens de fixation de l’insert (et également de préférence d’étanchéité à l’eau liquide voire gazeuse), notamment sous forme d’un anneau en matière polymère organique (ou hybride organique inorganique) et/ou souple, par exemple polycarbonate. - and preferably between the insert and the side wall, means for fixing the insert (and also preferably sealing against liquid or even gaseous water), in particular in the form of a ring made of organic polymer material ( or hybrid organic inorganic) and / or flexible, for example polycarbonate.
Selon l’invention la plage A va de 9,5pm à 10,5pm, de préférence de 8 à 12pm ou 13pm, de préférence avec une transmission lumineuse ou plus précisément une transmission optique infrarouge (infrared optical transmission en anglais) d’au moins 50% et mieux d’au moins 60%, 65% ou 70% dans cette plage A. According to the invention, the range A is from 9.5pm to 10.5pm, preferably from 8 to 12pm or 13pm, preferably with a light transmission or more precisely an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better at least 60%, 65% or 70% in this range A.
Selon l’invention, en outre, le matériau de l’insert (distinct d’un verre) est à structure cristalline, de préférence avec une cristallographie cubique, est transparent dans le visible à une longueur d’onde de référence comprise entre 500nm et600nm et même de 540 ou 550nm à 600nm, mieux dans une plage B de 550 à 600nm, de préférence avec une transmission lumineuse d’au moins 25% et mieux d’au moins 30% ou mieux encore 40%, 60% dans la plage B. According to the invention, in addition, the material of the insert (distinct from a glass) has a crystalline structure, preferably with cubic crystallography, is transparent in the visible at a reference wavelength between 500nm and 600nm and even from 540 or 550nm to 600nm, better in a range B of 550 to 600nm, preferably with a light transmission of at least 25% and better still of at least 30% or better still 40%, 60% in the range B.
Contrairement au ZnS classique qui est opaque dans le spectre visible, le matériau de l’insert selon l’invention est transparent dans le visible ce qui permet : Unlike conventional ZnS which is opaque in the visible spectrum, the material of the insert according to the invention is transparent in the visible area, which allows:
- d’identifier les défauts dans le cristal de façon simple, limitant ainsi le taux de rebut- to identify faults in the crystal in a simple way, thus limiting the scrap rate
- de bien pré-viser le système optique (avec une caméra dite thermique sensible dans la longueur d’onde de référence et mieux dans la plage B), - to pre-aim the optical system (with a so-called thermal camera sensitive in the reference wavelength and better still in range B),
- et même d’utiliser une caméra ou des caméras sensibles dans les spectres visible (dans la plage B) et infrarouge (dans la plage A), par exemple en se basant sur une division d’un faisceau ou en superposant les détections (en captant en parallèle les images infrarouges et visibles...), ceci pour améliorer l’identification et classification des objets dans le champ optique.
On peut utiliser un seul objectif associé à des capteurs optiques et des détecteurs infrarouge dans la plage A ou un premier objectif associé à des capteurs optiques dans la longueur d’onde de référence et mieux la plage B et un deuxième objectif (en germanium etc) associé à des détecteurs infrarouges dans la plage A. - and even to use a camera or cameras sensitive in the visible spectra (in the range B) and infrared (in the range A), for example based on a division of a beam or by superimposing the detections (in simultaneously capturing infrared and visible images, etc.), to improve the identification and classification of objects in the optical field. It is possible to use a single objective associated with optical sensors and infrared detectors in the A range or a first objective associated with optical sensors in the reference wavelength and better still the B range and a second objective (in germanium, etc.) associated with infrared detectors in range A.
La transmission lumineuse est mesurée pour la longueur d’onde de référence ou mieux pour la plage B avec un spectrophotomètre tel que le Perkin Elmer Lambda-35. Light transmission is measured for the reference wavelength or better for range B with a spectrophotometer such as the Perkin Elmer Lambda-35.
La transmission lumineuse peut être mesurée selon la norme ISO 9050 :2003 en utilisant l’illuminant D65, et être la transmission totale (notamment intégrée dans le domaine du visible et pondérée par la courbe de sensibilité de l’œil humain), tenant compte à la fois de la transmission directe et de l’éventuelle transmission diffuse, la mesure étant faite par exemple à l'aide d'un spectrophotomètre muni d’une sphère intégrante, la mesure à une épaisseur donnée étant ensuite convertie le cas échéant à l’épaisseur de référence de 4mm selon la norme ISO 9050 :2003. The light transmission can be measured according to the ISO 9050: 2003 standard using the illuminant D65, and be the total transmission (in particular integrated in the visible range and weighted by the sensitivity curve of the human eye), taking into account both of the direct transmission and of the possible diffuse transmission, the measurement being made for example using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, the measurement at a given thickness then being converted if necessary to the reference thickness of 4mm according to ISO 9050: 2003.
La transmission optique infrarouge est mesurée pour la plage A par un spectromètre Fourier tel que le BrukerVertex-70. Infrared optical transmission is measured for range A by a Fourier spectrometer such as the BrukerVertex-70.
De manière avantageuse, le matériau de l’insert présente : Advantageously, the material of the insert has:
- une transmission optique infrarouge d’au moins 50% et mieux d’au moins 60%, 65% ou 70% dans la plage A, notamment une variation de transmission optique infrarouge d’au plus 5% ou 3% ou 2% (spectre plat) dans la plage A - an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 60%, 65% or 70% in the range A, in particular an infrared optical transmission variation of at most 5% or 3% or 2% ( flat spectrum) in range A
- et une transmission lumineuse d’au moins 25% et mieux d’au moins 30% ou encore 40%, 60% dans la plage B notamment une variation de transmission lumineuse d’au plus 5% ou 2% (spectre plat) dans la plage B. - and a light transmission of at least 25% and better still of at least 30% or even 40%, 60% in range B, in particular a variation in light transmission of at most 5% or 2% (flat spectrum) in beach B.
Le matériau peut même être transparent du début de la plage B jusqu’à la fin de la plage A, et même de préférence avec une variation de transmission d’au plus 8% ou 5% (spectre plat) sur toute cette gamme de longueurs d’onde. The material can even be transparent from the start of range B to the end of range A, and even preferably with a transmission variation of at most 8% or 5% (flat spectrum) over this entire range of lengths. wave.
Pour davantage de sécurité, de préférence, le module de rupture de l’insert est supérieur à 20MPa et même à 40MPa. For added safety, preferably, the modulus of rupture of the insert is greater than 20MPa and even 40MPa.
De préférence, le diamètre équivalent du trou (constant ou variable dans l’épaisseur) et le diamètre équivalent de l’insert - (constant ou variable dans l’épaisseur) sont chacun d’au plus 5cm et même d’au plus 3cm, notamment de forme géométrique, de préférence
avec une section droite convexe notamment circulaire ou ovale ou ellipsoïdale ou encore rectangulaire, carrée ou hexagonale. Preferably, the equivalent diameter of the hole (constant or variable in thickness) and the equivalent diameter of the insert - (constant or variable in thickness) are each at most 5cm and even at most 3cm, in particular of geometric shape, preferably with a convex cross section, in particular circular or oval or ellipsoidal, or else rectangular, square or hexagonal.
Une taille de trou (et d’insert) trop élevée peut dégrader la résistance mécanique d’un vitrage (pare-brise etc) avec les conséquences pour la sécurité de passagers. Too large a hole (and insert) size can degrade the mechanical strength of a glazing (windshield, etc.) with consequences for the safety of passengers.
Par ailleurs le diamètre de l’insert est de préférence d’au moins 5mm. Furthermore, the diameter of the insert is preferably at least 5mm.
De préférence, l’insert est peu ou pas hygroscopique, en particulier avec une valeur de solubilité à 20°C d’au plus 0,2g dans 100 ml d’eau. Preferably, the insert is little or no hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of at most 0.2 g in 100 ml of water.
Pour plus de transparence, l’épaisseur E0 de l’insert peut être inférieure ou égale à 10mm. For more transparency, the thickness E0 of the insert can be less than or equal to 10mm.
Le matériau de l’insert présente de préférence un coefficient d’absorption dans la plage A d’au plus 105cnr1 et même d’au plus 103cnr1 sur la plage A. The insert material preferably has an absorption coefficient in range A of at most 10 5 cnr 1 and even at most 10 3 cnr 1 in range A.
De préférence, le matériau de l’insert présente une pureté (en poids) d’au moins 99,99% ou encore d’au moins 99,995% et mieux encore 99,999% et/ou dénué d’inclusions (et/ou de défauts cristallins) de taille supérieure à 20pm ou même à 12 ou 10pm. Preferably, the material of the insert has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or defects crystalline) larger than 20pm or even 12 or 10pm.
L’insert est par exemple incolore ou teinté (en restant transparent) notamment jaune, orange. The insert is, for example, colorless or tinted (while remaining transparent), in particular yellow, orange.
L’insert peut être bombé. The insert may be bulging.
Le matériau de l’insert peut être poli (face extérieure et intérieure). The material of the insert can be polished (outside and inside).
Le matériau de l’insert est de préférence de cristallographie cubique. The insert material is preferably cubic crystallography.
Avantageusement, le matériau de l’insert selon l’invention est un matériau polycristallin plus facile à fabriquer qu’un monocristal. Advantageously, the material of the insert according to the invention is a polycrystalline material that is easier to manufacture than a single crystal.
Avantageusement, le matériau de l’insert selon l’invention est choisi parmi un matériau (de préférence polycristallin), en particulier obtenu par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur) suivant : Advantageously, the material of the insert according to the invention is chosen from a material (preferably polycrystalline), in particular obtained by chemical vapor deposition) following:
- un composé du zinc comprenant du sélénium et/ou du soufre ou - a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or
- un composé comprenant un fluorure de baryum - a compound comprising a barium fluoride
- voire même un composé comportant du bromure de thallium-iodure tel que celui de type KRS-5 (Thallium Bromide-lodide). - Even a compound comprising thallium-iodide bromide such as that of KRS-5 type (Thallium Bromide-lodide).
Et en particulier le matériau de l’insert est choisi parmi: And in particular the material of the insert is chosen from:
- un composé comprenant un sulfure de zinc multispectral, en particulier obtenu après pressage isostatique à chaud (traitement par une presse isostatique sous la température de préférence d’au moins 800°C), notamment incluant du sélénium, tel que ZnSxSei-x avec x de préférence d’au moins 0,97 mieux d’au moins 0,99 et encore mieux d’au moins 0,998
- un composé comprenant un séléniure de zinc, en particulier le ZnSe, notamment incluant du soufre, tel que ZnSeySi-y avec y d’au moins 0,97, mieux d’au moins 0,99 et y encore mieux d’au moins 0,998 un composé comprenant un fluorure de baryum notamment incluant du calcium et/ou du strontium, notamment Bai-i.j CaiSrjF2 avec i+j strictement inférieur à 1 , i et j de préférence chacun d’au plus 0,25 mieux d’au plus 0,03 ou encore mieux d’au plus 0,005 ou encore Bai-iCaiF2avec i strictement inférieur à 1 et de préférence d’au plus 0,25 mieux d’au plus 0,03 ou encore mieux d’au plus 0,005, en particulier le BaF2.- a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing (treatment by an isostatic press at a temperature preferably of at least 800 ° C), in particular including selenium, such as ZnS x Sei- x with x preferably at least 0.97 more preferably at least 0.99 and more preferably at least 0.998 - a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe y Si- y with y of at least 0.97, better still of at least 0.99 and even better of y. at least 0.998 a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai-i. j CaiSr j F2 with i + j strictly less than 1, i and j each preferably at most 0.25, better at most 0.03 or even better at most 0.005 or even Bai-iCaiF2 with i strictly less to 1 and preferably at most 0.25, better still at most 0.03 or even better at most 0.005, in particular BaF2.
Le sulfure de zinc avec un grade multispectral (MS) est un matériau récent. Il peut être polycristallin et obtenu en mettant en œuvre (notamment après formation par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur CVD à partir de vapeur de zinc et du gaz H2S) un pressage isostatique à chaud (HIP en anglais). Cela semble supprimer des défauts dans le réseau cristallin, notamment éliminer les cristallites de phase hexagonale en les transformant dans la phase principale cubique, réduire les volumes de pores et homogénéiser la stœchiométrie pour accéder ainsi à la transparence dans le visible. Sa structure est micro(poly)cristalline comportant de grains généralement de 10 à 50pm. Zinc sulfide with multispectral grade (MS) is a recent material. It can be polycrystalline and obtained by implementing (in particular after formation by chemical vapor deposition CVD from zinc vapor and H2S gas) hot isostatic pressing (HIP in English). This seems to remove defects in the crystal lattice, in particular to eliminate the hexagonal phase crystallites by transforming them into the cubic main phase, to reduce the pore volumes and to homogenize the stoichiometry to thereby access transparency in the visible. Its structure is micro (poly) crystalline comprising grains generally of 10 to 50 μm.
Comme indiqué dans l’article “Recrystallization Behavior of Zinc Chalcogenides during Hot Isostatic Pressing” E. M. Gavrishchuk et autres, Inorganics Materials, Vol 50, N°3 2014, le HIP peut être dans une atmosphère d’argon entre 810°C et 1200°C et sous pression de 89 à 200MPa pour une durée de 1 à 22h. As stated in the article “Recrystallization Behavior of Zinc Chalcogenides during Hot Isostatic Pressing” EM Gavrishchuk et al., Inorganics Materials, Vol 50, N ° 3 2014, the HIP can be in an argon atmosphere between 810 ° C and 1200 ° C and under pressure of 89 to 200 MPa for a period of 1 to 22 hours.
La transmission du sulfure de zinc multispectral peut être large spectre avec un spectre plat. La transmission est en particulier supérieure à 60% de 0,5pm à 10pm. Transmission of multispectral zinc sulfide can be broad spectrum with flat spectrum. The transmission is in particular greater than 60% from 0.5 pm to 10 pm.
Le sulfure de zinc multispectral est chimiquement inerte, (quasi) non hygroscopique avec une valeur de solubilité à 20°C de moins de 0,005g dans 100 ml d’eau. Multispectral zinc sulfide is chemically inert, (almost) non-hygroscopic with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.005g in 100 ml of water.
L’indice de réfraction du ZnS multispectral est par exemple entre 2,1 et 2,3 dans la plage A et dans le visible entre 2,3 et 2,6. The refractive index of multispectral ZnS is, for example, between 2.1 and 2.3 in the range A and in the visible range between 2.3 and 2.6.
Le sulfure de zinc multispectral (notamment polycristallin) est certes généralement moins dur que le sulfure de zinc classique (monospectral) mais cela reste acceptable au vu des avantages optiques précités. Multispectral zinc sulphide (in particular polycrystalline) is admittedly generally less hard than conventional zinc sulphide (monospectral) but this remains acceptable in view of the aforementioned optical advantages.
Le module de rupture de l’insert de sulfure de zinc multispectral peut être supérieur à 60 ou 65MPa. The modulus of rupture of the multispectral zinc sulfide insert can be greater than 60 or 65MPa.
Le sulfure de zinc multispectral est généralement plus résistant que le séléniure de zinc (et moins que le sulfure de zinc classique). Multispectral zinc sulfide is generally stronger than zinc selenide (and less than conventional zinc sulfide).
Le monocristal sulfure de zinc multispectral existe mais est plus difficile à synthétiser (notamment obtenu par la méthode Bridgman de recristallisation sous pression et à
température élevée). Un exemple de fabrication du monocristal sulfure de zinc multispectral est donné dans la publication de Gavrishuk et autres J.Crystal Growth 457, 2017, pp. 275-281. The multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (in particular obtained by the Bridgman method of recrystallization under pressure and at high temperature). An example of the fabrication of multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal is given in the publication by Gavrishuk et al. J. Crystal Growth 457, 2017, pp. 275-281.
Le sulfure de zinc multispectral et de préférence polycristallin est avantageux en vue sa combinaison de propriétés optiques, mécaniques et résistance chimique. Multispectral and preferably polycrystalline zinc sulfide is advantageous in view of its combination of optical, mechanical and chemical resistance properties.
Le sulfure de zinc multispectral polycristallin le plus connu est le Cleartran™. The best known multispectral polycrystalline zinc sulfide is Cleartran ™.
On peut citer le produit ZnS multispectral vendu par la société ll-VI ou Crystaltechno Ltd. De préférence, le sulfure de zinc multispectral (ZnSe et plus largement ZnSxSei-x) et de préférence polycristallin présente une pureté (en poids) d’au moins 99,99% ou encore d’au moins 99,995% et mieux encore 99,999% et/ou dénué d’inclusions (et/ou de défauts cristallins) de taille supérieure à 20pm ou même à 12 ou 10pm. Mention may be made of the multispectral ZnS product sold by the company II-VI or Crystaltechno Ltd. Preferably, the multispectral zinc sulphide (ZnSe and more widely ZnS x Sei- x ) and preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999. % and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 µm or even 12 or 10 µm.
Le séléniure de zinc est moins absorbant que le sulfure de zinc multispectral dans la plage B. Le séléniure de zinc polycristallin peut être également obtenu par CVD à partir de vapeur de zinc et du gaz hhSe. Le monocristal de séléniure de zinc existe mais est plus difficile à synthétiser (notamment obtenu par la méthode Bridgman sous la pression élevée). Zinc selenide is less absorbent than multispectral zinc sulfide in the B range. Polycrystalline zinc selenide can also be obtained by CVD from zinc vapor and hhSe gas. Zinc selenide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (especially obtained by the Bridgman method under high pressure).
Le séléniure de zinc est chimiquement inerte, (quasi) non hygroscopique notamment avec une valeur de solubilité à 20°C de moins de 0,005g dans 100 ml d’eau. Zinc selenide is chemically inert, (almost) non-hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.005 g in 100 ml of water.
La transmission du séléniure de zinc (polycristallin notamment) est large spectre et le spectre est particulièrement plat. La transmission du séléniure de zinc (polycristallin notamment) peut être supérieure à 70% de 0,5pm à 10 pm. The transmission of zinc selenide (polycrystalline in particular) is broad spectrum and the spectrum is particularly flat. The transmission of zinc selenide (polycrystalline in particular) can be greater than 70% from 0.5 μm to 10 μm.
Le module de rupture de l’insert de séléniure de zinc (polycristallin notamment) est supérieur à 50 ou 55 MPa. The modulus of rupture of the zinc selenide insert (especially polycrystalline) is greater than 50 or 55 MPa.
La taille de grains du séléniure de zinc polycristallin peut être entre 50 et 70pm. The grain size of polycrystalline zinc selenide can be between 50 and 70 µm.
On peut citer comme vendeurs de séléniure de zinc polycristallin, les sociétés Hellma, ll-VI ou Crystaltechno Ltd. As sellers of polycrystalline zinc selenide, mention may be made of the companies Hellma, II-VI or Crystaltechno Ltd.
Un exemple de monocristal ZnSeySi-y majoritairement en séléniure de zinc est décrit dans la publication de Kozielski et autres Journal of Crystal growth 30, 1975, ppp 86-92. De préférence, le séléniure de zinc (ZnSeySry et notamment ZnSe) de préférence polycristallin présente une pureté (en poids) d’au moins 99,99% ou encore d’au moins 99,995% et mieux encore 99,999% et/ou dénué d’inclusions (et/ou de défauts cristallins) de taille supérieure à 20pm ou même à 12 ou 10pm.
Le fluorure de baryum peut être un monocristal obtenu par exemple par la technique Bridgman - Stockbarger. An example of a ZnSe y Si- y single crystal predominantly made of zinc selenide is described in the publication by Kozielski et al. Journal of Crystal growth 30, 1975, pp 86-92. Preferably, zinc selenide (ZnSe y Sr y and in particular ZnSe) preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 µm or even 12 or 10 µm. The barium fluoride can be a single crystal obtained, for example, by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique.
Avantageusement, le fluorure de baryum peut être polycristallin (céramique) et obtenu avec la méthode de synthèse à partir de monocristaux de fluorure de baryum ce qui permet d’augmenter la tenue mécanique (limiter la fissuration de monocristaux à cause de clivage. Un exemple de fabrication du fluorure de baryum céramique est donné dans la publication de Fedorov et autres Inorganic Materials 50, 2014, pp. 738-744. Advantageously, the barium fluoride can be polycrystalline (ceramic) and obtained with the synthesis method from single crystals of barium fluoride which makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength (limit the cracking of single crystals due to cleavage. An example of fabrication of ceramic barium fluoride is given in the publication by Fedorov et al. Inorganic Materials 50, 2014, pp. 738-744.
Le fluorure de baryum est faiblement hygroscopique, notamment avec une valeur de solubilité à 20°C de moins de 0,2g dans 100 ml d’eau. On le préfère avec un diamètre équivalent d’au plus 1cm par précaution. Le module de rupture de l’insert de fluorure de baryum peut être supérieur à 25MPa. Barium fluoride is weakly hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20 ° C of less than 0.2 g in 100 ml of water. It is preferred with an equivalent diameter of at most 1cm as a precaution. The modulus of rupture of the barium fluoride insert can be greater than 25MPa.
La transmission du fluorure de baryum peut être large spectre, avec un spectre plat. La transmission du fluorure de baryum peut être supérieure à 80% de 0,5pm à 10pm. Comme monocristal de fluorure de baryum on peut citer le produit vendu par la société Hellma ou Crystaltechno Ltd. The transmission of barium fluoride can be broad spectrum, with a flat spectrum. The transmission of barium fluoride can be greater than 80% from 0.5pm to 10pm. As barium fluoride single crystal, mention may be made of the product sold by the company Hellma or Crystaltechno Ltd.
De préférence, le fluorure de baryum (Bai-i.j CaiSrjF2 ou encore BaCa,F2 et notamment BaF2) de préférence polycristallin présente une pureté (en poids) d’au moins 99,99% ou encore d’au moins 99,995% et mieux encore 99,999% et/ou dénué d’inclusions (et/ou de défauts cristallins) de taille supérieure à 20pm ou même à 12 ou 10pm. Preferably, the barium fluoride (Bai-i. J CaiSr j F2 or even BaCa, F2 and in particular BaF2) preferably polycrystalline has a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or even of at least 99.995 % and better still 99.999% and / or free of inclusions (and / or crystal defects) larger than 20 µm or even 12 or 10 µm.
De préférence, pour davantage de stabilité, comme décrit dans la publication de Duvel et autres Solid State Sciences 83, 2018, pp 188-191 i et j sont faibles en particulier i est d’au plus 0,03, et j d’au plus 0,03 et même mieux encore i d’au plus 0,005, j d’au plus 0,005. Preferably, for more stability, as described in the publication of Duvel et al. Solid State Sciences 83, 2018, pp 188-191 i and j are weak in particular i is at most 0.03, and j at plus 0.03 and even better still i at most 0.005, j at most 0.005.
Avantageusement pour améliorer la résistance mécanique, l’insert comprenant une face extérieure et une face intérieure, il comporte une couche de protection mécanique et/ou chimique sur la face extérieure et éventuellement sur la face intérieure. Advantageously to improve the mechanical resistance, the insert comprising an outer face and an inner face, it comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protection layer on the outer face and possibly on the inner face.
La couche de protection mécanique et/ou chimique (de préférence un revêtement - monocouche ou multicouche -) peut être choisie parmi au moins l’une des couches suivantes: The mechanical and / or chemical protective layer (preferably a coating - monolayer or multilayer -) can be chosen from at least one of the following layers:
- une couche comprenant un sulfure de zinc (notamment ZnS) en particulier sur un insert de ZnSxSei-x, notamment ZnSe, pour une protection mécanique, - a layer comprising a zinc sulphide (in particular ZnS) in particular on an insert of ZnS x Sei- x , in particular ZnSe, for mechanical protection,
- une couche diamant, de préférence amorphe pour ses propriétés d’adhésion au cristal de l’insert, notamment d’épaisseur d’au moins 10nm ou 20nm et de préférence de 50nm à 300nm et même d’au plus 100nm,
- une couche DLC (pour « diamond like carbon » en anglais), c’est à dire une couche à base de carbone de type diamant, de préférence amorphe, notamment d’épaisseur d’au moins 10nm ou 20nm et de préférence de 50nm à 300nm et même d’au plus 100nm. a diamond layer, preferably amorphous for its properties of adhesion to the crystal of the insert, in particular with a thickness of at least 10 nm or 20 nm and preferably from 50 nm to 300 nm and even at most 100 nm, a DLC layer (for “diamond like carbon” in English), that is to say a layer based on carbon of the diamond type, preferably amorphous, in particular with a thickness of at least 10 nm or 20 nm and preferably 50 nm at 300nm and even at most 100nm.
L’ajout d’une couche suffisamment mince de ZnS sur ZnSe ne dégrade pas la transmission et garantit une résistance à l’érosion similaire au ZnS massif. Un exemple de produit est le TUFTRAN™ de la société Rohm & Haas. Adding a sufficiently thin layer of ZnS over ZnSe does not degrade transmission and ensures erosion resistance similar to massive ZnS. An example of a product is TUFTRAN ™ from Rohm & Haas.
Par exemple le matériau tel que le ZnSxSei-x (dont ZnS) peut être revêtu par une couche de ZnS pour le protéger contre des acides et autres solvants spécifiques comme le méthanol etc. For example the material such as ZnS x Sei- x (including ZnS) can be coated with a layer of ZnS to protect it against acids and other specific solvents such as methanol etc.
Alternativement au ZnS, on peut donc déposer par exemple par dépôt en phase chimique (notamment PECVD) ou dépôt en phase vapeur (PVD) une couche diamant (ou une couche DLC) sans dégrader la transmission et en garantissant une résistance à l’érosion encore plus grande. Un exemple de fabrication est décrit dans la publication de Osipkov et autres IOP conf. Ser. Material Science and Engineering 74 (2015) 012013. As an alternative to ZnS, it is therefore possible to deposit, for example by chemical phase deposition (in particular PECVD) or vapor phase deposition (PVD), a diamond layer (or a DLC layer) without degrading the transmission and ensuring further erosion resistance. bigger. An example of manufacture is described in the publication of Osipkov et al. IOP conf. Ser. Material Science and Engineering 74 (2015) 012013.
Le vitrage selon l’invention peut être un vitrage feuilleté, notamment un pare-brise de véhicule (routier, automobile en particulier), en particulier bombé, comprenant une première feuille de verre avec ladite face principale interne appelée F1 et une face principale opposée (appelée F2) et une deuxième feuille de verre avec ladite face principale externe appelée F4 coté intérieur de l’habitacle (et la face principale opposée F3), les première et deuxième feuilles de verre étant liées par un intercalaire de feuilletage, notamment acoustique et/ou teinté, en une matière polymère notamment organique (notamment thermoplastique). The glazing according to the invention can be a laminated glazing, in particular a vehicle windshield (road, automobile in particular), in particular curved, comprising a first sheet of glass with said internal main face called F1 and an opposite main face ( called F2) and a second glass sheet with said external main face called F4 on the inside of the passenger compartment (and the opposite main face F3), the first and second glass sheets being linked by a lamination interlayer, in particular acoustic and / or tinted, in a polymer material in particular organic (in particular thermoplastic).
En particulier le vitrage feuilleté comporte : In particular, laminated glazing comprises:
- un première feuille de verre, éventuellement claire, extraclaire ou teintée notamment grise ou verte, de préférence bombée, formant vitrage extérieur, avec des première et deuxième faces principales respectivement dites face F1 et face F2, si véhicule automobile d’épaisseur de préférence d’au plus 2,5mm, même d’au plus 2mm - notamment 1 ,9mm, 1 ,8mm, 1 ,6mm et 1 ,4mm- ou même d’au plus 1 ,3mm ou d’au plus 1mm - a first sheet of glass, optionally clear, extraclar or tinted in particular gray or green, preferably curved, forming exterior glazing, with first and second main faces respectively called face F1 and face F2, if a motor vehicle preferably of thickness d '' at most 2.5mm, even at most 2mm - especially 1, 9mm, 1, 8mm, 1, 6mm and 1, 4mm - or even at most 1, 3mm or at most 1mm
- un intercalaire de feuilletage, éventuellement clair, extraclair ou teinté notamment gris ou vert, en matière polymérique de préférence thermoplastique et mieux encore en polyvinylbutyral (PVB), de préférence si véhicule automobile d’épaisseur d’au plus
1 ,8mm, mieux d’au plus 1,2mm et même d’au plus 0,9mm (et mieux d’au moins 0,3mm et même d’au moins 0,6mm), notamment en retrait du chant du premier vitrage d’au plus 2mm et en retrait du chant d’un deuxième vitrage d’au plus 2mm, l’intercalaire de feuilletage ayant éventuellement une section transversale diminuant en forme en coin du haut vers le bas du vitrage feuilleté (en particulier un parebrise),- a lamination interlayer, optionally clear, extraclear or tinted, in particular gray or green, made of a polymeric material, preferably thermoplastic and better still of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), preferably if a motor vehicle has a thickness of at most 1.8mm, better still at most 1.2mm and even at most 0.9mm (and better still at least 0.3mm and even at least 0.6mm), in particular set back from the edge of the first glazing at most 2mm and set back from the edge of a second glazing by at most 2mm, the lamination interlayer possibly having a cross section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular a windshield) ,
- un deuxième vitrage, en verre minéral, de préférence bombé et de préférence clair ou extraclair voire teinté, formant vitrage intérieur, avec des troisième et quatrième faces principales, si véhicule automobile d’épaisseur de préférence inférieure à celle du premier vitrage, même d’au plus 2mm - notamment 1 ,9mm, 1 ,8mm, 1,6mm et 1 ,4mm- ou même d’au plus 1 ,3mm ou d’au plus 1mm, l’épaisseur des premier et deuxième vitrages étant de préférence strictement inférieure à 4mm, même à 3,7mm. Le verre intérieur et/ou extérieur peut être neutre (sans coloration), ou (légèrement) teinté notamment gris ou vert, tel le verre TSA de la société Saint-Gobain Glass. Le verre intérieur et/ou extérieur peut avoir subi un traitement chimique ou thermique du type durcissement, recuit ou une trempe (pour une meilleure résistance mécanique notamment) ou être semi trempé. - a second glazing, in mineral glass, preferably curved and preferably clear or extra-clear or even tinted, forming interior glazing, with third and fourth main faces, if a motor vehicle preferably has a thickness less than that of the first glazing, even d 'at most 2mm - in particular 1, 9mm, 1, 8mm, 1.6mm and 1, 4mm - or even at most 1, 3mm or at most 1mm, the thickness of the first and second glazing preferably being strictly less than 4mm, even at 3.7mm. The interior and / or exterior glass can be neutral (without coloring), or (slightly) tinted, in particular gray or green, such as TSA glass from Saint-Gobain Glass. The interior and / or exterior glass may have undergone a chemical or thermal treatment of the hardening, annealing or tempering type (for better mechanical resistance in particular) or be semi-tempered.
Sans sortir du cadre de l’invention, l’intercalaire peut bien entendu comprendre plusieurs feuillets en matière thermoplastique de natures différentes, par exemple de duretés différentes pour assurer une fonction acoustique, comme par exemple décrit dans la publication US 6,132,882, notamment une ensemble de feuillets de PVB de duretés différentes. De même l’une des feuilles de verres peut être amincie par rapport aux épaisseurs classiquement utilisées. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the interlayer may of course comprise several sheets of thermoplastic material of different natures, for example of different hardnesses to ensure an acoustic function, as for example described in the publication US Pat. No. 6,132,882, in particular a set of PVB sheets of different hardnesses. Likewise, one of the glass sheets can be thinned compared to the thicknesses conventionally used.
L’intercalaire peut selon l’invention présenter une forme en coin, notamment en vue d’une application HUD (Head Up Display pour visualisation tête haute). Egalement l’un des feuillets de l’intercalaire peut être teinté dans la masse. According to the invention, the spacer may have a wedge shape, in particular with a view to a HUD (Head Up Display) application. Also one of the leaflets of the interlayer can be colored in the mass.
Comme intercalaire de feuilletage usuel, outre le PVB, on peut citer le polyuréthane PU utilisé souple, un thermoplastique sans plastifiant tel que le copolymère éthylène/acétate de vinyle (EVA), une résine ionomère. Ces plastiques ont par exemple une épaisseur entre 0,2 mm et 1,1mm, notamment 0,3 et 0,7mm. As usual lamination interlayer, in addition to PVB, mention may be made of the flexible polyurethane PU used, a plasticizer-free thermoplastic such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, an ionomer resin. These plastics have, for example, a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm, in particular 0.3 and 0.7 mm.
L’intercalaire de feuilletage peut comprendre un autre film plastique fonctionnel (transparent, clair ou teinté) par exemple un film en poly(éthylène téréphtalate) PET porteur d’une couche athermique, électroconductrice etc par exemple on a PVB/ film fonctionnel/PVB entre les faces F2 et F3. The lamination interlayer can comprise another functional plastic film (transparent, clear or tinted), for example a poly (ethylene terephthalate) PET film carrying an athermic, electrically conductive layer, etc., for example, we have PVB / functional film / PVB between the faces F2 and F3.
Le film plastique transparent peut être d'une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 100 pm. Le film plastique transparent peut être plus largement en polyamide, polyester, polyolefine
(PE : polyéthylène, PP : polypropylène), polystyrène, polyvinyle chloride (PVC), poly téréphtalate d’éthylène (PET), polyméthacrylate de méthyle (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC). On préfère un film clair notamment le PET. The transparent plastic film can be between 10 and 100 µm thick. The transparent plastic film can be more widely polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC). A clear film, in particular PET, is preferred.
Comme on peut utiliser par exemple un film clair de PET revêtu, par exemple XI R de la société Eastman, un film coextrudé en PET-PMMA, par exemple du type SRF 3M®, mais aussi de nombreux autres films (par exemple en PC, PE, PEN, PMMA, PVC), qui sont visuellement aussi transparents que possible et ne se modifient pas dans l'autoclave en ce qui concerne leur surface et leur consistance. As one can use for example a clear film of coated PET, for example XI R from the company Eastman, a coextruded film of PET-PMMA, for example of the SRF 3M® type, but also many other films (for example of PC, PE, PEN, PMMA, PVC), which are visually as transparent as possible and do not change in the autoclave with regard to their surface and consistency.
Afin de limiter réchauffement dans l’habitacle ou de limiter l’usage d’air conditionné, l’une des feuilles de verre au moins (de préférence le verre extérieur) est teintée, et le vitrage feuilleté peut comporter également une couche réfléchissant ou absorbant le rayonnement solaire, de préférence en face F4 ou en face F2 ou F3, en particulier une couche d’oxyde transparent électro-conducteur dite couche TCO (en face F4) ou même un empilement de couches minces comprenant au moins une couche TCO, ou d’empilements de couches minces comprenant au moins une couche d’argent (en F2 ou F3), la ou chaque couche d’argent étant disposée entre des couches diélectriques.In order to limit heating in the passenger compartment or to limit the use of air conditioning, at least one of the glass sheets (preferably the exterior glass) is tinted, and the laminated glazing may also include a reflective or absorbent layer. solar radiation, preferably on the face F4 or on the face F2 or F3, in particular an electro-conductive transparent oxide layer called the TCO layer (on the face F4) or even a stack of thin layers comprising at least one TCO layer, or stacks of thin layers comprising at least one silver layer (in F2 or F3), the or each silver layer being disposed between dielectric layers.
On peut cumuler couche (à l’argent) en face F2 et/ou F3 et couche TCO en face F4.We can combine a layer (silver) on face F2 and / or F3 and a TCO layer on face F4.
La couche TCO (d’un oxyde transparent électro-conducteur) est de préférence une couche d’oxyde d’étain dopé au fluor (SnC>2:F) ou une couche d’oxyde mixte d’étain et d’indium (ITO). The TCO layer (of an electrically conductive transparent oxide) is preferably a layer of tin oxide doped with fluorine (SnC> 2: F) or a layer of mixed tin and indium oxide (ITO ).
Naturellement l’application la plus recherchée est que le vitrage soit un pare-brise d’un véhicule routier (automobile) ou même ferroviaire (à vitesse modérée). Of course, the most popular application is for the glazing to be a windshield of a road vehicle (automobile) or even a rail vehicle (at moderate speed).
Le vitrage selon l’invention peut comporter au moins une première feuille de verre comportant sur une face principale une couche opaque (de masquage) notamment un émail (noir etc) en bordure du trou traversant (de façon à masquer la ou les caméras par exemple). The glazing according to the invention may comprise at least a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face an opaque layer (masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the camera (s) for example. ).
Le vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention peut comporter une première feuille de verre comportant sur une face principale (par exemple la face F2) une couche opaque (de masquage ) notamment un émail (noir etc) en bordure du trou traversant (de façon à masquer la ou les caméras par exemple) et/ou une deuxième feuille de verre comportant sur une face principale (par exemple la face F3 ou F4) une couche opaque (de masquage ) notamment un émail (noir etc) en bordure du trou traversant (de façon à masquer la ou les caméras par exemple).
On peut aussi prévoir une couche de masquage sur au moins l’une des faces principales de l’intercalaire de feuilletage notamment PVB. The laminated glazing according to the invention may comprise a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face (for example the face F2) an opaque layer (masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the camera (s) for example) and / or a second sheet of glass comprising on a main face (for example the face F3 or F4) an opaque layer (of masking) in particular an enamel (black, etc.) at the edge of the through hole (of so as to hide the camera (s) for example). It is also possible to provide a masking layer on at least one of the main faces of the lamination interlayer, in particular PVB.
L’invention se rapporte également à un dispositif qui comprend : The invention also relates to a device which comprises:
- le vitrage tel que décrit précédemment - the glazing as described above
- une caméra dite thermique (sensible dans la plage A), disposée dans l’habitacle derrière ledit vitrage de façon à recevoir un rayonnement après traversée dudit insert, caméra thermique comprenant un objectif et un système de détection infrarouge dans la plage A, par exemple par microbolométrie, notamment sans refroidissement cryogénique, ladite caméra étant éventuellement également optique et comprenant un autre système capteur (dans la plage B) a so-called thermal camera (sensitive in range A), placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive radiation after passing through said insert, thermal camera comprising an objective and an infrared detection system in range A, for example by microbolometry, in particular without cryogenic cooling, said camera optionally also being optical and comprising another sensor system (in range B)
- éventuellement un capteur optique (CCD ou CMOS etc) à la longueur d’onde de référence ou mieux dans la plage B notamment qui est intégré dans la caméra thermique qui est également optique ou qui est associé à une caméra optique distincte disposée dans l’habitacle derrière ledit vitrage de façon à recevoir un rayonnement lumineux après traversée dudit insert. - optionally an optical sensor (CCD or CMOS, etc.) at the reference wavelength or better still in the range B in particular which is integrated into the thermal camera which is also optical or which is associated with a separate optical camera placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive light radiation after passing through said insert.
On préfère une détection infrarouge avec une sensibilité maximum dans la plage A et même une sensibilité faible au-delà de 15 ou 14pm et en deçà de 7 ou 6pm. Preferred is infrared detection with maximum sensitivity in range A and even low sensitivity beyond 15 or 14pm and below 7 or 6pm.
Comme exemple de caméra thermique on peut citer le produit Atom®1024 de la société Lynred USA. As an example of a thermal camera, mention may be made of the product Atom®1024 from the company Lynred USA.
Certains modes de réalisations avantageux mais non limitatif de la présente invention sont décrits ci-après, qui peuvent bien entendu combinés entres eux le cas échéant.Certain advantageous but non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are described below, which can of course be combined with one another if necessary.
La figure 1 schématise un pare-brise 100 selon l’invention, en coupe avec une caméra thermique 7 placée derrière le pare-brise face à une zone qui se situe de préférence dans la partie centrale et supérieure du pare-brise. Dans cette zone, la caméra est orientée avec un certain angle vis-à-vis de la surface du pare-brise (face F4). En particulier, l’objectif et les capteurs infrarouge sont orientés directement vers la zone de saisie d’images, selon une direction proche de la parallèle au sol, c'est-à-dire seulement légèrement inclinée vers la route. Autrement dit, la caméra 7 est orientée vers la route selon un angle faible avec un champ 70 adapté pour remplir ses fonctions. Figure 1 schematically shows a windshield 100 according to the invention, in section with a thermal camera 7 placed behind the windshield facing an area which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windshield. In this area, the camera is oriented at a certain angle with respect to the surface of the windshield (face F4). In particular, the lens and the infrared sensors are oriented directly towards the image capture area, in a direction close to parallel to the ground, that is to say only slightly inclined towards the road. In other words, the camera 7 is oriented towards the road at a low angle with a field 70 adapted to fulfill its functions.
Le pare-brise est un vitrage feuilleté classique comprenant : The windshield is a classic laminated glazing comprising:
- une feuille de verre externe 1 de préférence teintée, par exemple en verre TSA et de 2,1mm d’épaisseur, avec face extérieure F1 et face intérieure F2 - an outer sheet of glass 1 preferably tinted, for example TSA glass and 2.1 mm thick, with outer face F1 and inner face F2
- et une feuille de verre interne 1’, par exemple en verre TSA (ou clair ou extraclair) et de 2,1mm d’épaisseur ou même de 1,6mm ou même moins, avec face extérieure F3 et face intérieure F4 côté habitacle
- les deux feuilles de verre étant liées l’une à l’autre par un intercalaire en matière thermoplastique 3, le plus souvent en polyvinylbutyral (PVB). de préférence clair, d’épaisseur submillimétrique éventuellement présentant une section transversale diminuant en forme en coin du haut vers le bas du vitrage feuilleté, par exemple un PVB (RC41 de Solutia ou d’Eastman) d’épaisseur 0,76mm environ ou en variante si nécessaire un PVB acoustique (tricouche ou quadricouche) par exemple d’épaisseur 0,81mm environ, par exemple intercalaire en trois feuillets PVB. - and an internal glass sheet 1 ', for example TSA glass (or clear or extraclear) and 2.1mm thick or even 1.6mm or even less, with exterior face F3 and interior face F4 on the passenger compartment side - the two glass sheets being linked to each other by an interlayer of thermoplastic material 3, most often of polyvinylbutyral (PVB). preferably clear, of submillimeter thickness possibly having a cross section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing, for example a PVB (RC41 from Solutia or from Eastman) of thickness approximately 0.76mm or alternatively if necessary an acoustic PVB (three-layer or four-layer), for example approximately 0.81 mm thick, for example an interlayer made of three PVB sheets.
De façon classique et bien connue, le pare-brise est obtenu par feuilletage à chaud des éléments 1 , 2 et 3. Conventionally and well known, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the elements 1, 2 and 3.
Le pare-brise 100 comporte sur la face extérieure 11 par exemple (ou de préférence en F2 et/ou en face F3 ou F4) de préférence un revêtement opaque par exemple noir 6, tel qu’une couche d’émail ou de laque noire, sur toute la surface du vitrage disposée en regard du dispositif incorporant la caméra thermique (sur tout le pourtour du trou donc), y compris son boîtier 8 (plastique, métal etc), de manière à cacher celui-ci. Le boîtier 8 peut être collé à la face F4 par une colle 80 et au toit 9. The windshield 100 comprises on the outer face 11 for example (or preferably in F2 and / or on the face F3 or F4) preferably an opaque coating, for example black 6, such as a layer of enamel or black lacquer. , over the entire surface of the glazing arranged opposite the device incorporating the thermal camera (therefore over the entire periphery of the hole), including its housing 8 (plastic, metal, etc.), so as to hide it. The box 8 can be glued to the face F4 by an adhesive 80 and to the roof 9.
La couche opaque 6 peut s’étendre au-delà de la zone avec l’insert. Eventuellement l’extension (latérale) de la couche opaque formant une bande en bordure supérieure du trou traversant pour que le pare-brise ait une bande opaque (noire) le long du bord longitudinal supérieur voire même un cadre opaque (noir) sur toute la périphérie. The opaque layer 6 can extend beyond the area with the insert. Optionally the (lateral) extension of the opaque layer forming a band at the upper edge of the through-hole so that the windshield has an opaque band (black) along the upper longitudinal edge or even an opaque frame (black) over the entire periphery.
Selon l’invention, dans la zone périphérique en vis-à-vis de la caméra, le pare-brise comporte un trou traversant entre la face interne et la face externe, trou délimité par une paroi latérale 10 du vitrage feuilleté (verre 1/PVB 3/verre 1’), ledit trou traversant comportant : According to the invention, in the peripheral zone facing the camera, the windshield comprises a through hole between the internal face and the external face, a hole delimited by a side wall 10 of the laminated glazing (glass 1 / PVB 3 / glass 1 '), said through hole comprising:
- un insert 2 en matériau à structure cristalline, transparent dans une plage A de longueurs d’onde dans les infrarouges qui va au moins de 9,5 à 10,5pm et de préférence de 8 à 12pm, l’insert étant d’épaisseur E0 donnée de préférence inférieure ou égale à 10mm, - an insert 2 made of material with a crystalline structure, transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared which goes at least from 9.5 to 10.5 μm and preferably from 8 to 12 μm, the insert being of thickness E0 preferably given less than or equal to 10mm,
- entre l’insert et la paroi latérale, des moyens de fixation de l’insert notamment sous forme d’un anneau 5 en matière souple, polymère, les moyens de fixations étant notamment collés à la paroi latérale 10. - Between the insert and the side wall, the insert fixing means in particular in the form of a ring 5 made of flexible material, polymer, the fixing means being in particular glued to the side wall 10.
Le matériau de l’insert 2 est également transparent dans le visible à une longueur d’onde de référence comprise entre 500nm et 600nm et mieux est transparent dans le visible au moins dans une plage B allant de 550 à 600nm.
Le matériau de l’insert 2 présente une transmission (optique) infrarouge d’au moins 50% et mieux d’au moins 65% dans ladite plage A et une transmission lumineuse d’au moins 30% et mieux d’au moins 40% à la longueur d’onde de référence et mieux dans la plage B. The material of the insert 2 is also transparent in the visible at a reference wavelength between 500nm and 600nm and better still is transparent in the visible at least in a range B ranging from 550 to 600nm. The material of the insert 2 has an infrared (optical) transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 65% in said range A and a light transmission of at least 30% and better still of at least 40% at the reference wavelength and better in range B.
L’insert présente un module de rupture supérieur à 20MPa. The insert has a modulus of rupture greater than 20MPa.
Le diamètre équivalent du trou est d’au plus 5cm et même d’au plus 3cm, le diamètre équivalent de l’insert est d’au plus 5cm et même d’au plus 3cm. The equivalent diameter of the hole is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm, the equivalent diameter of the insert is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm.
Le matériau de l’insert 2 de préférence polycristallin est choisi parmi : The material of the insert 2, preferably polycrystalline, is chosen from:
- un composé du zinc comprenant du sélénium et/ou du soufre ou - a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or
- un composé comprenant un fluorure de baryum. - a compound comprising a barium fluoride.
En particulier on choisit : In particular we choose:
- un composé comprenant un sulfure de zinc multispectral, en particulier obtenu après pressage isostatique à chaud, notamment incluant du sélénium, tel que ZnSxSei-x avec x de préférence d’au moins 0,97, en particulier le ZnS multispectral - a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing, in particular including selenium, such as ZnS x Sei- x with x preferably at least 0.97, in particular multispectral ZnS
- ou un composé comprenant un séléniure de zinc, en particulier le ZnSe, notamment incluant du soufre, tel que ZnSeySi-y avec y d’au moins 0,97 un composé comprenant un fluorure de baryum notamment incluant du calcium et /ou du strontium, notamment Bai-,.j CajSnF avec i et j de préférence d’au plus 0,25 ou encore Bai-iCaiF avec i de préférence d’au plus 0,25, en particulier le BaF . - or a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe y Si- y with y of at least 0.97 a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai- ,. j Ca j SnF with i and j preferably at most 0.25 or alternatively Bai-iCaiF with i preferably at most 0.25, in particular BaF.
L’insert 2 comporte une face extérieure et une face intérieure et il comporte ici de préférence une couche de protection mécanique et/ou chimique 4 sur la face extérieure et éventuellement sur la face intérieure. C’est un revêtement choisi parmi une couche comprenant un sulfure de zinc, une couche diamant ou une couche DLC. The insert 2 has an outer face and an inner face and here it preferably comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protection layer 4 on the outer face and possibly on the inner face. It is a coating chosen from a layer comprising a zinc sulfide, a diamond layer or a DLC layer.
A titre préféré on peut choisir un ZnS multispectral nu ou recouvert d’une couche de protection de sulfure de zinc ou un ZnSe recouvert d’une couche de protection de sulfure de zinc. Preferably, one can choose a multispectral ZnS bare or covered with a protective layer of zinc sulphide or a ZnSe covered with a protective layer of zinc sulphide.
On peut ajouter une autre caméra qui est optique récupérant les rayons lumineux après traversée de l’insert 2 ou simplement ajouter des capteurs optiques dans la plage B.We can add another camera which is optical collecting the light rays after passing through the insert 2 or simply add optical sensors in range B.
Le trou traversant peut être alternativement une encoche donc un trou traversant débouchant de préférence côté toit. The through hole may alternatively be a notch, therefore a through hole preferably opening on the roof side.
Le trou traversant (et l’insert) peut être dans une autre région du pare-brise ou même dans un autre vitrage du véhicule. The through-hole (and insert) may be in another region of the windshield or even in other glazing of the vehicle.
Le vitrage du véhicule peut être monolithique.
The glazing of the vehicle can be monolithic.
Claims
1. Vitrage de véhicule (100), notamment automobile ou ferroviaire, en particulier pare- brise, lunette arrière, vitrage latéral, d’épaisseur E1 donnée, vitrage ayant une face principale externe (11) orientée vers l’extérieur et une face principale interne (14) côté habitacle, vitrage comportant, dans une zone périphérique, un trou traversant entre la face interne et la face externe, trou délimité par une paroi latérale (10’) du vitrage, ledit trou traversant comportant un insert (2) en matériau à structure cristalline, transparent dans une plage A de longueurs d’onde dans le spectre infrarouge au-delà de 2,5pm, l’insert étant d’épaisseur E0 donnée, caractérisé en ce que la plage A va au moins de 9,5 à 10,5pm et de préférence de 8 à 12pm et en ce que ledit matériau de l’insert est transparent dans le visible à une longueur d’onde de référence comprise entre 500nm et 600nm. 1. Vehicle glazing (100), in particular automobile or rail, in particular windshield, rear window, side glazing, of given thickness E1, glazing having an external main face (11) facing outwards and a main face interior (14) passenger compartment side, glazing comprising, in a peripheral zone, a through hole between the internal face and the external face, hole delimited by a side wall (10 ') of the glazing, said through hole comprising an insert (2) in material with a crystalline structure, transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum beyond 2.5 μm, the insert having a given thickness E0, characterized in that the range A is at least 9, 5 to 10.5 pm and preferably 8 to 12 pm and in that said insert material is transparent in the visible range at a reference wavelength of between 500nm and 600nm.
2. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau de l’insert est transparent dans le visible dans une plage B allant de 550 à 600nm. 2. Vehicle glazing (100) according to the preceding claim characterized in that said insert material is transparent in the visible range in a range B ranging from 550 to 600nm.
3. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que le matériau de l’insert présente une transmission optique infrarouge d’au moins 50% et mieux d’au moins 60%, 65% ou 70% dans ladite plage A et une transmission lumineuse d’au moins 30% et mieux d’au moins 40% à la longueur d’onde de référence et mieux dans la plage B. 3. Vehicle glazing (100) according to the preceding claim characterized in that the material of the insert has an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 60%, 65% or 70% in said range. A and a light transmission of at least 30% and better still at least 40% at the reference wavelength and better in range B.
4. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l’insert présente un module de rupture supérieur à 20MPa. 4. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert has a modulus of rupture greater than 20MPa.
5. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le diamètre équivalent du trou est d’au plus 5cm et même d’au plus 3cm, et de préférence le diamètre équivalent de l’insert est d’au plus 5cm et même d’au plus 3cm. 5. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the equivalent diameter of the hole is at most 5cm and even at most 3cm, and preferably the equivalent diameter of the insert is d 'at most 5cm and even at most 3cm.
6. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le matériau de l’insert est polycristallin, en particulier obtenu par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur et par pressage isostatique à chaud. 6. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the insert is polycrystalline, in particular obtained by chemical vapor deposition and by hot isostatic pressing.
7. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le matériau de l’insert est choisi parmi : 7. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the insert is chosen from:
- un composé du zinc comprenant du sélénium et/ou du soufre ou - a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or
- un composé comprenant un fluorure de baryum. - a compound comprising a barium fluoride.
8. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le matériau de l’insert est choisi parmi :
- un composé comprenant un sulfure de zinc multispectral, en particulier obtenu après pressage isostatique à chaud, notamment incluant du sélénium, tel que ZnSxSei-x avec x de préférence d’au moins 0,97, en particulier le ZnS multispectral 8. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the insert is chosen from: - a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulphide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing, in particular including selenium, such as ZnS x Sei- x with x preferably at least 0.97, in particular multispectral ZnS
- un composé comprenant un séléniure de zinc, en particulier le ZnSe, notamment incluant du soufre, tel que ZnSeySi-y avec y d’au moins 0,97 un composé comprenant un fluorure de baryum notamment incluant du calcium et/ou du strontium, notamment Bai-i-jCaiSrjF avec i+j strictement inférieur à 1 et i et j de préférence chacun d’au plus 0,25ou encore Bai-iCaiF avec i strictement inférieur à 1 et de préférence d’au plus 0,25, en particulier le BaF . - a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe y Si- y with y of at least 0.97 a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai-i- j CaiSr j F with i + j strictly less than 1 and i and j each preferably at most 0.25 or even Bai-iCaiF with i strictly less than 1 and preferably at most 0.25, in particular BaF.
9. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l’insert (2) comporte une face extérieure et une face intérieure et il comporte une couche de protection mécanique et/ou chimique (4) sur la face extérieure et éventuellement sur la face intérieure. 9. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the insert (2) has an outer face and an inner face and it comprises a mechanical and / or chemical protective layer (4) on the exterior face and possibly on the interior face.
10. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection mécanique et/ou chimique (4) est choisie parmi : une couche comprenant un sulfure de zinc, une couche diamant ou une couche DLC. 10. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical and / or chemical protective layer (4) is chosen from: a layer comprising a zinc sulphide, a diamond layer or a DLC layer. .
11. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend entre l’insert et la paroi latérale, des moyens de fixation (5) de l’insert notamment sous forme d’un anneau en matière souple et/ou polymère, les moyens de fixation étant notamment collés à la paroi latérale (10). 11. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises between the insert and the side wall, fixing means (5) of the insert in particular in the form of a ring. flexible material and / or polymer, the fixing means being in particular glued to the side wall (10).
12. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu’il forme un vitrage feuilleté, notamment un pare-brise, en particulier bombé, le vitrage feuilleté comprenant une première feuille de verre (1) avec ladite face interne appelée F1 et une face opposée et une deuxième feuille de verre (1’) avec ladite face externe appelée F4 côté intérieure de l’habitacle, les premier et deuxième feuille de verre étant liés par un intercalaire de feuilletage (3), acoustique et/ou teinté en une matière polymère. 12. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it forms a laminated glazing, in particular a windshield, in particular curved, the laminated glazing comprising a first sheet of glass (1) with said internal face called F1 and an opposite face and a second sheet of glass (1 ') with said external face called F4 on the inside of the passenger compartment, the first and second sheets of glass being linked by a lamination interlayer (3), acoustic and / or tinted in a polymeric material.
13. Vitrage de véhicule (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une première feuille de verre comportant sur une face principale une couche opaque notamment un émail (6), en bordure du trou traversant. 13. Vehicle glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least a first sheet of glass comprising on a main face an opaque layer, in particular an enamel (6), at the edge of the through hole.
14. Dispositif caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend : 14. Device characterized in that it comprises:
- ledit vitrage (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes
- une caméra dite thermique (7), disposée dans l’habitacle derrière ledit vitrage de façon à recevoir un rayonnement après traversée dudit insert, caméra thermique comprenant un objectif et un système de détection infrarouge dans la plage A,- said glazing (100) according to one of the preceding claims - a so-called thermal camera (7), arranged in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so as to receive radiation after passing through said insert, thermal camera comprising an objective and an infrared detection system in range A,
- éventuellement un capteur optique à la longueur d’onde de référence ou mieux dans la plage B notamment qui est intégré dans la caméra thermique qui est également optique ou qui est associé à une caméra optique distincte disposée dans l’habitacle derrière ledit vitrage de façon à recevoir un rayonnement lumineux après traversée dudit insert (2).
- optionally an optical sensor at the reference wavelength or better still in the range B in particular which is integrated into the thermal camera which is also optical or which is associated with a separate optical camera arranged in the passenger compartment behind said glazing so receiving light radiation after passing through said insert (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1909833A FR3100485B1 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | VEHICLE GLAZING WITH INSERT AND ASSOCIATED THERMAL CAMERA DEVICE |
PCT/EP2020/074491 WO2021043838A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2020-09-02 | Vehicle glass panel with insert and associated thermal camera device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4025542A1 true EP4025542A1 (en) | 2022-07-13 |
Family
ID=68987918
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20764103.6A Pending EP4025542A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2020-09-02 | Vehicle glass panel with insert and associated thermal camera device |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220324388A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4025542A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022547477A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20220061109A (en) |
CN (1) | CN112789168A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112022003354A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3100485B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2022002741A (en) |
PE (1) | PE20220741A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021043838A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3105943B1 (en) | 2020-01-03 | 2023-05-19 | Saint Gobain | LAMINATED VEHICLE GLAZING AND DEVICE WITH ASSOCIATED NEAR INFRARED VISION SYSTEM AND ITS MANUFACTURE |
FR3124122A1 (en) * | 2021-06-20 | 2022-12-23 | Valeo Systèmes D’Essuyage | Vehicle glazing |
FR3124978B1 (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2023-11-24 | Saint Gobain | GLAZED ELEMENT for transmitting infrared light rays and METHOD for manufacturing this GLAZED ELEMENT |
WO2023198554A1 (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2023-10-19 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Glazing having a communication window for sensors and camera systems |
WO2023234240A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-07 | Agc株式会社 | Vehicle glass and camera unit |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4944900A (en) * | 1983-03-16 | 1990-07-31 | Raytheon Company | Polycrystalline zinc sulfide and zinc selenide articles having improved optical quality |
GB2271139A (en) | 1992-10-03 | 1994-04-06 | Pilkington Plc | Vehicle window with insert of high infra-red transmittance |
US6132882A (en) | 1996-12-16 | 2000-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Damped glass and plastic laminates |
DE10336359B4 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2007-01-04 | Saint-Gobain Glass Deutschland Gmbh | Plate-shaped composite element with a position assurance for an adhesive bond |
US7060322B2 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2006-06-13 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Method of making heat treatable coated article with diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating |
GB0602941D0 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2006-03-22 | Pilkington Automotive Ltd | Glazing |
US9575216B2 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2017-02-21 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Infrared-transmitting film, method for producing infrared-transmitting film, infrared optical component, and infrared device |
CN102914807A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-06 | 中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院第五一0研究所 | Multi-spectral permeability-increasing protection film for zinc sulfide substrate |
JP6695094B2 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2020-05-20 | ローム アンド ハース エレクトロニック マテリアルズ エルエルシーRohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC | Increased hardness of zinc sulfide |
EP2966051B1 (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2023-11-01 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Method of manufacturing a sulfide-based ceramic element for IR-optics applications |
US20180236753A1 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicular polymeric glazing |
CN107130210B (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2019-09-20 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Surface is coated with the chalcogenide glass and preparation method thereof of infrared diamond-like protecting film |
-
2019
- 2019-09-06 FR FR1909833A patent/FR3100485B1/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-09-02 EP EP20764103.6A patent/EP4025542A1/en active Pending
- 2020-09-02 US US17/640,703 patent/US20220324388A1/en active Pending
- 2020-09-02 PE PE2022000342A patent/PE20220741A1/en unknown
- 2020-09-02 MX MX2022002741A patent/MX2022002741A/en unknown
- 2020-09-02 CN CN202080003833.7A patent/CN112789168A/en active Pending
- 2020-09-02 KR KR1020227007010A patent/KR20220061109A/en active Search and Examination
- 2020-09-02 WO PCT/EP2020/074491 patent/WO2021043838A1/en unknown
- 2020-09-02 JP JP2022514517A patent/JP2022547477A/en active Pending
- 2020-09-02 BR BR112022003354A patent/BR112022003354A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20220324388A1 (en) | 2022-10-13 |
PE20220741A1 (en) | 2022-05-06 |
WO2021043838A1 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
FR3100485A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 |
KR20220061109A (en) | 2022-05-12 |
JP2022547477A (en) | 2022-11-14 |
FR3100485B1 (en) | 2023-12-29 |
MX2022002741A (en) | 2022-04-06 |
CN112789168A (en) | 2021-05-11 |
BR112022003354A2 (en) | 2022-05-17 |
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