EP4015963B1

EP4015963B1 - Spacer insert for heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: EP4015963B1
Application number: EP21214647.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Helge Nielsen
Original assignee: Danfoss AS
Current assignee: Danfoss AS
Priority date: 2020-12-16
Filing date: 2021-12-15
Publication date: 2024-01-17
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-15
Also published as: CN114636332A; DK4015963T3; EP4015963A1

Description

BACKGROUND

A traditional construction of a plate heat exchanger comprises a plurality of heat transfer plate stacked on top of each other. The heat transfer plates are formed with patterns such that flow paths are formed between each set of neighboring heat transfer plates. Inlets and outlets for fluids to the flow paths may be formed as openings in the heat transfer plates. Some heat exchangers have the plates brazed together, whereas in others heat exchangers gaskets are positioned between the heat transfer plates in gasket grooves formed in the heat transfer plates. The gasket then is arranged at an edge portion of the heat transfer plate to seal the flow paths and at an area around the openings to seal pairs of the openings, such that only two of them have flow access to the flow path formed at one side of the heat transfer plate, while the other two is sealed therefrom. Frame plates may be connected and fastened to the stack of heat exchangers plates, such as at the top and bottom, and has a significant thickness compared to the heat transfer plates to take up great loads.
It is a known problem for gasket heat exchangers, that the gasket tends to be deformed and/or pressed slightly out of position. A further problem is the heat transfer plates traditionally are shaped with patterns at the rim and in the opening areas, in addition to the patterns in the heat transfer sections. This often makes the plate quite complex plate to manufacture and increases the possibility of misalignment when assembled in the heat exchanger. It also increases the possibility for introducing weak spots or areas in the plates. The present invention aims to overcome such problems.
US 2020/271387 A discloses a spacer with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve such problems the present invention introduces a spacer adapted to be sandwiched between the rim regions of two adjacent heat transfer plates of a plate heat exchanger as defined in claim 1.
The inner hollow may be adapted for the two heat transfer plates to contact in a heat transferring area defined by said two connected heat transfer plates.
The spacer may be adapted to prevent the two heat transfer plates to contact in the rim regions.
The spacer may comprise a base part with a base part outer gasket-free section wherein the base part outer gasket-free section is formed with spacer bar openings adapted to be aligned with plate bar openings formed in a plate rim region.
The spacer bar openings may be adapted for bars to reach through the stack of heat transfer plates between two frame plates.
The spacer may include spacer openings adapted to be aligned with the plate openings.
The spacer may be formed with a base part inner gasket section defining the inner side of a spacer opening (114, 115) relative to the inner hollow (105) and adapted to be positioned in a diagonal area of a heat transfer plate (11) and adapted to prevent flow passing between a plate opening (14, 15) and the heat transferring area (13).
The spacer is formed with porous diagonal support sections defining the inner side of a spacer opening relative to the inner hollow and adapted to be positioned in a diagonal area of a heat transfer plate and adapted to allow flow passing between a plate opening and the heat transferring area.
The porosity of the porous diagonal support may be ensured by diagonal spacer flow paths formed between diagonal spacer supports adapted to contact the two neighbouring heat transfer plates.
The porous diagonal support may be formed of two connected concentric semi-circular parts adapted to be positioned in a diagonal area when connected to a heat transfer plate.
The spacer may comprise a base part with a base part outer gasket-free section wherein the base part outer gasket-free section is formed with poka-yoke projecting features adapted to fit with poka-yoke receiving features formed in the heat transfer plates.
The spacer is adapted to form support for a gasket.
The spacer may comprise a base part with a base part outer gasket-free section wherein the gasket is positioned at in inside location of the outer gasket-free section.
The spacer may be substantially more rigid and incompressible than the gasket material.
The present invention further introduces a heat exchanger formed of a stack of structured heat transfer plates each provided with two pairs of openings, each pair providing an inlet and outlet to respectively a first flow path at the one side and a second flow path at the second side of the heat transfer plate, and where a spacer according to any of the preceding claims is positioned between at least two adjoining neighbouring heat transfer plates in a plate rim region.

FIGURES

Fig. 1: Gasket type plate heat exchanger and heat transfer plate according to prior art.
Fig. 2: Illustration of elements of spacers with gasket and heat transfer plates
Fig. 3: Illustration of a spacer with integrated gasket
Figs. 4A, 4B: Illustration of the top and bottom views of a part of a spacer with integrated gasket in the diagonal areas
Fig. 5: Heat transfer plate adapted for a spacer and gasket
Figs. 6A, 6B: Illustration of a gasket connected to a side of a spacer

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 shows one example of a plate heat exchanger (10) formed of a collection, or stack, of structured heat transfer plates (11). Each of the heat transfer plates (11) is provided with two pairs of openings, where a first pair (14) provides and inlet and outlet for a first flow path formed at the one side of the heat transfer plate (11), and the second pair (15) provides an inlet and outlet for a second flow path formed at the second side of the heat transfer plate (11), the second side being opposite the first side. The openings (14, 15) of the stacked heat transfer plates (11) forming channels through the plate stack. In the illustrated example the heat transfer plates (11) at a rim portion is adapted to accommodate a gasket (12) to respectively seal the flow paths formed between each two neighbouring plates (11) from the externals, and to seal one pair of openings (14, 15)- where at the opposite side of the heat transfer plate (11) the respective other pair (15, 14) is sealed. Further the plate stack is arranged between two frame plates (50) being held together by bars (52) keeping the heat transfer plates (11) tight together under compression. At least one of the frame plates (50) include openings (51) aligned to the heat transfer plate openings (14, 15) and to be connected to external fluid pipes.
The heat transfer plates (11) being in direct contact with the fluids may be substantially thin to enable a fast exchange of heat between respectively a hot and cold fluid and are made of materials resistant to the media.
The frame plates (50) are relatively thick compared to the heat transfer plates (11) to withstand both the internal forces from the compressed stack of heat transfer plates (11), and what external impacts they may encounter.
The rim portion of the heat transfer plates (11) traditionally are patterned, such as by corrugations, to contact patterns of the adjoining neighbouring heat transfer plates (11), and to form a barrier for the gasket (12). The patterns may be connected by sections forming a wall against which the gasket (12) rests.
The gasket (12) positioned at the perimeter of the first and second flow paths formed between the connected heat transfer plates (11) including the heat transfer area (13), thus sealing the flow paths and heat transfer area (13) from the external of the heat exchanger (10).
The gasket (12) further is formed with gasket diagonal sections (12A) positioned the diagonal areas of the heat transfer plates (11). A diagonal area is the intersection between an opening (14, 15) and the heat transferring area (13). A gasket (12) at the one side of the provides a gasket diagonal section (12A) for the second pair (15, 14) of openings, sealing them from the first flow path, and a gasket (12) at the second side provides a gasket diagonal second (12A) for the first pair (14, 15) of openings, sealing them from the second flow path.
Fig. 2 illustrates an alternative gasket kind heat exchanger (10) where spacers (100), or gasket units (100), are positioned between the heat transfer plates (11) in a plate rim region (16). The figure illustrates the parts in the heat exchanger (10) and not the parts when fully assembled into a heat exchanger (10).
In the following, when referring to spacer (100) it would also refer to a gasket unit (100) and vice versa.
The spacer (100) may be formed with a base part (101) that comprises an outer gasket-free section (101A) and inner gasket section (101B) with the gasket (102). The outer gasket-free section (101A) may be formed assisting means (19, 119, 120, 118) such as alignment/guiding means (19, 119, 120) for guiding the spacer (100) into the correct orientation and position, and/or connection or locking means (118) for connecting or locking the spacer (100) in position. Both sections (101A, 101B) are adapted to contact the two heat transfer plates (11) when stacked into a heat exchanger (11), but where only the gasket is adapted to be compressed between the two heat transfer plates (11). This enables the base part (101) including the outer gasket-free section (101) to form the support for the plate rim regions (16), and the gasket (12) in the inner gasket section (101B) to form the seal of the inner heat transferring area (13) towards the externals, and the outer gasket-free section (101).
The outer gasket-free section (101A) may constitute a width being at least 2/3 of the full width of the spacer (100), or even 3/4 or 4/5. Correspondingly, the inner gasket section (101B) may constitute a width being less than or equal to 1/3, or 1/4 or 1/5 of the full width of the spacer (100).
A spacer (100) may be positioned between a frame plate (50) and the adjoining heat transfer plate (11), and between the individual heat transfer plates (11). Spacers (100) may be positioned between some of the heat transfer plates (11) or all of them.
The spacer (100) replaces the contact patterns traditionally formed at the rim portion of the heat transfer plates (11) for contacting patterns of the adjoining neighbouring heat transfer plates (11). The plate rim region (16) formed outside the heat transferring area (13) thus need not be patterned, but could be essentially flat, or plane, or at least not having sections or areas being in contact with neighbouring plates.
The assisting means of the spacer (100) may include spacer bar openings (118), such as formed in the outer gasket-free section (101A), adapted to be aligned with plate bar openings (18) formed in the plate rim region (16). These form means for connecting or locking the spacers (100) in position. When the heat transfer plates (11) is stacked with the spacers (100) in-between, and with frame plates (50) on top and bottom. Bars then can be introduced trough the spacer bar openings (118), plate bar openings (18) and openings in the frame plates. The parts then can be held in tight connection e.g. by bolts positioned at the ends of the bars. This has the additional advantage of keeping the spacers (100) fixed in position.
In one embodiment connecting or locking means of the assisting means could be formed as a feature of the outer gasket-free section (101A) projection upwards adapted to fit into an opening or projection formed in the rim regions (16).
An inner hollow (103) is formed within the spacer (100) and encircled by the base part (101) and gasket (102). Where the base part (101) is adapted to be sandwiched between the rim regions (16) of two adjacent heat transfer plates (11) of a plate heat exchanger (10), the inner hollow (103) is adapted for the two heat transfer plates (10) to contact in a heat transferring area (36) defined by said two connected heat transfer plates (11).
Fig. 3 shows the spacer (100) including two pair spacer openings (114, 115) adapted to be aligned with the plate openings (14, 15).
The gasket (102, 102A, 102B) is incorporated as a part of the spacer (100), making it a gasket unit (100), or is fixed thereto, or is possible inserted into recesses or grooves formed in the spacer (100) surface. The gasket (102, 102A, 102B) could e.g. be moulded to the spacer (100), such as by injection moulding.
To assist the assembly and ensure a correct orientation of the spacer (100), the assisting means may include poka-yoke projecting features (120) adapted to fit with poka-yoke receiving features (19) formed in the heat transfer plates (11), such as in the plate rim region (16). The shape and/or of the poka-yoke projecting features (120) and associated plate poka-yoke receiving features (19) is such that only a correct orientation and positioning of the spacer (100) relative to the heat transfer plate (11) is possible. In an alternative embodiment the heat transfer plate (11) is formed with the poka-yoke projecting features (120) and the spacer (100) with the poka-yoke receiving feature (19). In any embodiment the spacer (100) could be provided with poka-yoke receiving features (119) adapted to align with the plate poka-yoke receiving features (19).
Not all surfaces of the spacer (100) need to be in contact with the heat transfer plates (11), it could e.g. comprise contact sections (130), such as raised edges along the edge of the spacer (100), around the rims of spacer bar openings (118), by projections, or just as projections. In the same manner the spacer as such could be or formed with a lattice formation or in general just being hollow at the external part relative to the gasket (102, 102A, 102B). This reduces the amount of material used for the spacer (100) and lowers the weight.
Fig. 4A shows a section of the spacer (100) in the area of two spacer openings (114, 115), a first spacer opening (114) for the first flow path, and second spacer opening (115) for the second flow path.
The spacer (100) may include a sealed diagonal support (104) section connecting the main part of the spacer (100) at two positions at opposite sides of a spacer opening (114, 115). The sealed diagonal support (104) is provided with a diagonal section (102A) of the gasket, which in the same manner connects to the main gasket (102) at two positions at opposite sides of the spacer opening (114, 115). The sealed diagonal support (104) is adapted to be positioned in a diagonal section of a heat transfer plate (11), and thus forms a separation wall between the spacer opening (114, 115) and the inner hollow (103), and thus when sandwiched between two heat transfer plates (11) in an assembled heat exchanger, forms a seal between the plate opening (14, 15) and heat transfer area (13).
In traditional heat exchanger the heat transfer plates (11) may be formed with a pattern contacting the neighboring heat transfer plates (11) for support, leaving channels or openings for the fluid to pass.
In this embodiment the diagonal areas of the heat transfer plates (11) need not be formed with any supporting structures or patterns, but could be essentially flat or plan, or at least not be in direct contact with the neighboring heat transfer plates (11).
A second gasket (102B) connected to the support (100) may be formed to circumference of a spacer opening (114, 115) and may be separated from the gasket (112) and diagonal gasket section (112A) or connected to either of them. As illustrated, the main part of the gasket (112) and the diagonal gasket section (112A) may extend as one continuous part without a section at the outer side of the spacer openings (114, 114). In an alternative embodiment the main gasket part (112) perimeters the spacer (100) and all the spacer openings (114, 115) and the diagonal gasket section (112A) extend at the inside of the openings (114, 115) to be sealed from the inner hollow (105) like a branch connecting the main gasket (112) part at two sides of the respective openings (114, 115).
The spacer (100) comprises supporting means (103) for the areas adapted to support the areas of the heat transfer plates (11) of the openings (14, 15) of the heat transfer plates (11) to be unsupported by a gasket, to allow flow passing the heat transferring area (13). This is formed as porous diagonal support (103) section(s). This part is adapted to support the heat transfer plates (11) in otherwise unsupported sections, such as the diagonal areas associated with the plate openings (14, 15) where flow is to pass to and from the heat transferring area (13). In traditional heat exchanger the heat transfer plates (11) in this area may be formed with a pattern contacting the neighboring heat transfer plates (11) for support, leaving channels or openings for the fluid to pass.
In this embodiment the diagonal areas of the heat transfer plate (11) need not be formed with any supporting structures or patterns, but could be essentially flat or plan, or at least not be in direct contact with the neighboring heat transfer plates (11).
In the illustrated embodiment the porosity of the porous diagonal support (103) is ensure by diagonal spacer flow paths (103A) formed between diagonal spacer supports (103B) adapted to contact the two neighbouring heat transfer plates (11). The diagonal spacer flow paths (103A) could be formed in any manner, such as holes or pores on an otherwise solid porous diagonal support (103), as the free sections between the diagonal spacer supports (103B) or in any other form.
Fig. 4B shows the other side of the support (100) relative to fig. 4A, where the one side of the porous diagonal support (103) is seen having a flat surface forming a common diagonal support part (103B) contacting the surface of one of the heat transfer plates (11), at the other side being formed with the pillar like diagonal support parts (103B) to contact the adjoining neighbouring heat transfer plate (11).
In the illustrated embodiment the porous diagonal support (103) is formed of two connected concentric semi-circular parts positioned in a diagonal area) and contacts the main part of the spacer (100) at the opposite sides of a spacer opening (114, 115).
The spacer (100) may be formed with the gasket (102, 102A, 102B) at both surfaces, thus having a gasket (102, 102A, 102B) part, or a gasket surface, contacting both the upper and lower of the two adjoining neighbouring heat transfer plates (11). In one embodiment a gasket (102, 102A, 102B) is positioned or formed at both surfaces.
As previously indicated, the gasket (102) may be positioned at an inner rim portion of the spacer (100), such as at a base part inner gasket section (101B), such that the portion external to the heat transferring area (13), such as the base part outer gasket-free section (101A). can be formed with openings etc., such as the spacer bar openings (118). This ensures these openings are sealed from the flow paths within the heat exchanger (10).
In one embodiment the base part (101) is formed of two individual parts, the base part outer gasket-free section (101A) positioned at the outside of a base part inner gasket section (101B). The outer base part outer gasket-free section (101A) thus forms an outer support for the base part inner gasket section (101B) holding it in position, where the outer base part gasket-free section (101A) could be fixed such as by the bars (52).
In another embodiment the gasket (12, 112) is positioned against the inside edge surface of the outer base part gasket-free section (101A), this thus forming the spacer (100) and outer support for the gasket (12, 112). In this embodiment the inner edge surface possible could be shaped to match the shape of the gasket (12, 112).
In one embodiment a gasket unit (100) is introduced with the base part (101) includes a base part inner gasket section (101B) with the gasket (102, 102A, 102B). The rigidness of the base part (101) then would assist in keeping the gasket (102, 102A, 102B) in position, and the concept could be combined with the traditional corrugations in the plate rim region (16) at the outside of the gasket unit (100), which would prevent it from being squeezed out of position under the pressures in the heat exchanger (10).
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment heat transfer plate (11) adapted to be assembled into a heat exchanger (10) with spacers (100) in-between, where in addition to the projections or corrugations defining the flow paths in the heat transferring area (13), the outer rim portion is bend (17). The bend outer rim (17) may contact the outer surface of the spacer (100) when stacked, and thus assist in keeping it in position. A further advantage is the bend outer rim (17) assists in guiding the heat transfer plate (11) into position when assembling the heat exchanger (10).
The bend section (17) may be smooth as illustrated, or may itself be formed, such as having a wavy or corrugated shape to increase strength.
Fig. 6A and 6B shows an embodiment where a free gasket (102) is adapted to be connected to the spacer (100), such as to its inner side facing the inner hollow (105). In the illustrated embodiment the spacer (100) is formed with a connection section (100A) adapted to fit with a gasket connection section (102C). Either of the spacer connection section (100A) or gasket connection section (102C) could be formed as an extension (100A) adapted to fit into the recess (102C) of the other. In the illustration the spacer (100) is provided with the extension, and the gasket (102) with the recess, but the reverse is also possible.
In one embodiment the parts such as the porous diagonal support (103) including the diagonal spacer supports (103B), and/or the sealed diagonal support (104) is formed by the same material as the gasket. In the embodiment where the gasket (102) is positioned at the inner surface facing the inner hollow (105), the porous diagonal support (103) including the diagonal spacer supports (103B), and/or the sealed diagonal support (104), could be formed as a part of the gasket (102) rather than the spacer (100).

List of references:

10 - Plate heat exchanger
11 - Heat transfer plates
12 - Gasket
12A - Gasket diagonal section
13 - Heat transferring area
14 - Opening for first flow path
15 - Opening for second flow path
16 - Plate rim region
17 - Outer bend plate rim section
18 - Plate bar opening
19 - Poke yoke plate receiving feature
50 - Frame plate
51 - Frame plate openings
52 - Bars and bolts
100 - Spacer insert/gasket unit
100A - Spacer connection section
101 - Base part
101A - Base part outer gasket-free section
101B - Base part inner gasket section
102 - Gasket
102A - Gasket diagonal section
102B - Second gasket
102C - Gasket connection section
103 - Porous diagonal support (section)
103A -Diagonal spacer flow paths
103B - Diagonal spacer supports
104 - Sealed diagonal support (section)
105 - Inner hollow
114 - Spacer opening for first flow path
115 - Spacer opening for second flow path
118 - Spacer bar openings
119 - Poke yoke insert receiving feature
120 - Poke yoke projecting feature
130 - Contact sections

Claims

A spacer (100) adapted to be sandwiched between the rim regions (16) of two adjacent heat transfer plates (11) of a plate heat exchanger (10), where the spacer is formed with a gasket (102, 102A, 102B) in the surface adapted to encircle an inner hollow (105) of said spacer (100), and characterised in that the spacer (100) is formed with porous diagonal support (103) sections defining the inner side of a spacer opening (114, 115) relative to the inner hollow (105) and adapted to be positioned in a diagonal area of a heat transfer plate (11) and adapted to allow flow passing between a plate opening (14, 15) and the heat transferring area (13).
A spacer (100) according to claim 1, wherein the inner hollow (105) is adapted for the two heat transfer plates (10) to contact in a heat transferring area (13) defined by said two connected heat transfer plates (11).
A spacer (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spacer (100) is adapted to prevent the two heat transfer plates (11) to contact in the rim regions (16).
A spacer (100) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the spacer (100) comprises a base part (101) with a base part outer gasket-free section (101A) wherein the base part outer gasket-free section (101A) is formed with spacer bar openings (118) adapted to be aligned with plate bar openings (18) formed in a plate rim region (16).
A spacer (100) according to claim 4, wherein the spacer bar openings (118) are adapted for bars (52) to reach through the stack of heat transfer plates (11) between two frame plates (50).
A spacer (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer (100) including spacer openings (114, 115) adapted to be aligned with the plate openings (14, 15).
A spacer (100) according to claim 6, wherein the spacer (100) is formed with a base part inner gasket section (101B) defining the inner side of a spacer opening (114, 115) relative to the inner hollow (105) and adapted to be positioned in a diagonal area of a heat transfer plate (11) and adapted to prevent flow passing between a plate opening (14, 15) and the heat transferring area (13).
A spacer (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the porosity of the porous diagonal support (103) is ensured by diagonal spacer flow paths (103A) formed between diagonal spacer supports (103B) adapted to contact the two neighbouring heat transfer plates (11).
A spacer (100) according to claim 8, wherein the porous diagonal support (103) is formed of two connected concentric semi-circular parts adapted to be positioned in a diagonal area when connected to a heat transfer plate (11).
A spacer (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer (100) comprises a base part (101) with a base part outer gasket-free section (101A) wherein the base part outer gasket-free section (101A) is formed with poka-yoke projecting features (120) adapted to fit with poka-yoke receiving features (19) formed in the heat transfer plates (11).
A spacer (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer is adapted to form support for a gasket (12, 112).
A spacer (100) according to claim 11, wherein the spacer (100) comprises a base part (101) with a base part outer gasket-free section (101A) wherein the gasket is positioned at an inside location of the outer gasket-free section (101A).
A spacer (100) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the spacer (100) is substantially more rigid and incompressible than the gasket (102, 102A, 102B) material.
A heat exchanger (10) formed of a stack of structured heat transfer plates (11) each provided with two pairs of openings (14, 15), each pair providing an inlet and outlet to respectively a first flow path at the one side and a second flow path at the second side of the heat transfer plate (11), and where a spacer (100) according to any of the preceding claims is positioned between at least two adjoining neighbouring heat transfer plates (11) in a plate rim region (16).