EP4015892A1 - System und verfahren zum verdampfen eines kryogenen gas-flüssigkeit-gemischs - Google Patents

System und verfahren zum verdampfen eines kryogenen gas-flüssigkeit-gemischs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4015892A1
EP4015892A1 EP20315497.6A EP20315497A EP4015892A1 EP 4015892 A1 EP4015892 A1 EP 4015892A1 EP 20315497 A EP20315497 A EP 20315497A EP 4015892 A1 EP4015892 A1 EP 4015892A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cryogenic
liquid mixture
gas
vaporizing
cryogenic gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20315497.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephane Richard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cryostar SAS
Original Assignee
Cryostar SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cryostar SAS filed Critical Cryostar SAS
Priority to EP20315497.6A priority Critical patent/EP4015892A1/de
Priority to CN202180084538.3A priority patent/CN116710696A/zh
Priority to KR1020237023312A priority patent/KR20230117435A/ko
Priority to PCT/EP2021/025487 priority patent/WO2022128149A1/en
Publication of EP4015892A1 publication Critical patent/EP4015892A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/052Size large (>1000 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337Granular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604Liners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636Metals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/037Handling leaked fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105Ships

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture.
  • the present invention is related to a system for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture withdrawn from the inter barrier space of a cryogenic storage tank.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a system for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture according to the invention, and to a liquefied gas carrier using such a system.
  • Gases for example natural gas, can be stored and transported by sea-going vessels in liquid state as liquefied gases or liquefied natural gas (LNG) if the transported gas is natural gas, a few millibars above atmospheric pressure, at cryogenic temperatures colder than - 150 °C, typically -161 °C, inside insulated cryogenic tanks.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • insulated cryogenic tanks for liquefied natural gas are full containment type.
  • a first thin barrier of a metallic membrane provides liquid tightness between the liquefied natural gas and a first layer of a porous insulation material.
  • a second thin barrier of a metallic membrane is disposed between the first layer of a porous insulation material and a second layer of a porous insulation material.
  • the second layer of a porous insulation material is then supported by the inner hull of a sea-going vessel.
  • inter barrier space In case of rupture or leakage of the first thin barrier of metallic membrane, LNG will accumulate in the space between the first barrier of metallic membrane and the second barrier of metallic membrane. Said space is called inter barrier space (IBS).
  • IBS inter barrier space
  • the second barrier of metallic membrane will then provide liquid tightness and avoid the cryogenic liquid contacting the inner hull of the vessel, which could result in catastrophic failure of the vessel.
  • the liquid level inside the tank can decrease faster than the level of liquid accumulated inside the IBS, thus resulting in a pressure exerted from the load of the liquid onto the first barrier from the IBS side toward the inside of the tank. This pressure could then damage the first barrier and the overall integrity of the containment system.
  • dip tubes are disposed inside the IBS to drain LNG from the IBS.
  • the dip tubes are arranged such that all liquid can be removed from the IBS.
  • LNG is withdrawn from the IBS through the drain tubes by gas lift.
  • a depressurization that is an overall decrease of pressure, is created by the suction of a compressor connected to the dip tubes and because of the simultaneous depressurization of the space comprised between the suction of the compressor and the IBS, a part of LNG accumulated in the IBS will evaporate and rise in the tubes, lifting any remaining liquid with it in the form of a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture, which is in this case a mixture of LNG with evaporated LNG.
  • the liquid part of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture withdrawn from the IBS must be vaporized before being disposed by incineration with the vessel gas combustion unit.
  • Vaporization is done by using the onboard forcing vaporizer, a shell and tube heat exchanger in which the liquid part of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture, that is the LNG from the IBS, is vaporized by indirect heat exchange with steam while the gaseous part of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture is superheated, resulting in a vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture.
  • this forcing vaporizer is sized for much higher flow rates than the ones occurring during IBS draining, the temperature of the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture at the outlet of the vaporizer is much too high and can damage the impeller of the centrifugal compressor, as said impeller being typically made of aluminum.
  • the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture must be cooled down.
  • this is done with cold natural gas (NG) received from an onshore terminal.
  • NG cold natural gas
  • IBS inter barrier space
  • the object is solved by a system for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture according to claim 1, a method for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture according to claim 8 and a liquefied gas carrier comprising a system for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture according to claim 13.
  • the invention provides a system for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture, comprising
  • a temperature control valve can be located on the cryogenic liquid supply line to control the temperature at the compressor inlet by adjusting the flow of cryogenic liquid sprayed into the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture.
  • the quantity of cryogenic gas-liquid mixture withdrawn from the inter-barrier space (IBS) is sufficient, i.e. exceeds a certain value, it is also possible to reduce the temperature of the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture by by-passing the vaporizer with a part of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture withdrawn from the IBS by passing said part through a by-pass line (which by-passes the vaporizer) and spraying said part of cryogenic gas-liquid mixture into the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture with second spraying means located on a line exiting the vaporizer, i.e. a line being located downstream the vaporizer.
  • IBS inter-barrier space
  • the compressor is a centrifugal compressor.
  • a controllable vaporized liquefied gas stream can be fed via a liquefied gas vapor supply line to the system downstream the vaporizer and upstream the first spraying means.
  • the liquefied gas vapor supply line then joins the line exiting the vaporizer upstream of the first spraying means.
  • a pressure control valve located on the liquefied gas vapor supply line can be used to adjust the flow of the liquefied gas vapor stream and thus the pressure within the system.
  • the system can be operated below atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure in the vaporization system is above 50kPa absolute.
  • the present invention relates to a method for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture, comprising the steps of:
  • the temperature at the inlet of the compressor is controlled by a temperature control valve located on a cryogenic liquid supply line supplying the cryogenic liquid.
  • the pressure inside the system is controlled with a pressure control valve located on a liquefied gas vapor supply line joining the line exiting the vaporizer upstream the first spraying means.
  • the pressure inside the system is controlled to be below atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure inside the system is controlled to be in the range from 50 kPa absolute to atmospheric pressure.
  • a third aspect for which protection is sought is directed to a liquefied gas carrier comprising a system for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture according to claims 1 to 7.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a system 1 for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture according to the invention.
  • a cryogenic storage tank for LNG 4 with a first thin barrier of a metallic membrane and a second thin barrier of a metallic membrane, the two barrier being separated by a layer of a porous cryogenic insulation material called inter-barrier space 3 is used on board a LNG carrier for storing and transporting LNG.
  • dip tubes are provided within the IBS to drain the LNG accumulated.
  • cryogenic gas-liquid mixture being a mixture of gaseous and liquid LNG.
  • the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture is supplied to the vaporizing system 1 according to the invention by a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture supply line 2 fluidically connecting the dip tubes and a vaporizer 5, where the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture is vaporized by indirect heat exchange with steam.
  • the vaporizer 5 is designed for yields higher than the ones required for IBS draining cases, so the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture may exit the vaporizer 5 at too high temperatures.
  • cryogenic liquid supply line 6 is in fluid connection with the cryogenic tank 4 inner space in which the LNG is stored.
  • the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture leaving the vaporizer 5 and the cryogenic liquid form line 6 are mixed together with first spraying means 7 located downstream the vaporizer 5, where the cryogenic liquid is sprayed in the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture.
  • cryogenic liquid vaporizes within the vaporised cryogenic gas-liquid mixture, thereby reducing the vaporised cryogenic gas-liquid mixture to a temperature of the resulting mixture.
  • a mist separator 8 is provided downstream the first spraying means 7 to separate off remaining droplets of cryogenic liquid from the resulting cold mixture in case the cryogenic liquid is not totally vaporized in the resulting cold mixture.
  • a compressor 9 is provided downstream a gas outlet of the mist separator 8.
  • the aspiration of the compressor 9 creates a depressurization within the system 1 which lowers the boiling point of the LNG, triggering the vaporization of the LNG inside the inter-barrier space IBS 3, the gas formed rising up the dip-tubes and lifting some liquid with it.
  • centrifugal compressor 9 Because of the overall cryogenic temperatures within the system, it is advantageous to use a centrifugal compressor 9 as this type of compressor has less risks of machinery lube oil coming into contact with the compressed cryogenic gas, which could result in pollution of the compressed cryogenic gas, or freezing of the lube-oil.
  • centrifugal compressors 9 are typically provided with impellers made of aluminium alloy, the temperature at the inlet of the compressor must be controlled to be below - 50°C.
  • a temperature control valve 11 is provided on the cryogenic liquid supply line 6 upstream the first spraying means 7 to adjust the flow of cryogenic liquid sprayed into the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture in dependency of the temperature measured at the inlet of the compressor 9.
  • the pressure in the vaporizing system 1 of the invention is controlled to below atmospheric pressure by allowing a stream of a liquefied gas vapour, in this case natural gas (NG), to enter the vaporizing system 1.
  • a pressure control valve 14 is provided on a liquefied gas vapour supply line 15 joining the line exiting the vaporizer 16 upstream of the first spraying means 7. With the pressure control valve 14, the flow of the liquefied gas vapour to the system 1 can be controlled.
  • the pressure can be controlled to be within a range from 50kPa to atmospheric pressure, as a pressure below 50 kPa can be damaging for the mechanical parts of the compressor 9.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a system 1 for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the second embodiment comprises second spraying means 12 located on the line exiting the vaporizer 16 upstream the first spraying means 7 and upstream the connection between the line exiting the vaporizer 16 the liquefied gas vapour supply line 15.
  • the second spraying means 12 can be used if the flow rate of cryogenic gas-liquid mixture supplied by the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture supply line 2 exceeds a certain value. A part of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixture will by-pass the vaporizer 5 through a vaporizer by-pass line 13, and will be mixed into the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture by means of the second spraying means 12 located downstream of the vaporizer 5 to decrease the temperature of the vaporized cryogenic gas-liquid mixture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP20315497.6A 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 System und verfahren zum verdampfen eines kryogenen gas-flüssigkeit-gemischs Pending EP4015892A1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20315497.6A EP4015892A1 (de) 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 System und verfahren zum verdampfen eines kryogenen gas-flüssigkeit-gemischs
CN202180084538.3A CN116710696A (zh) 2020-12-17 2021-12-10 用于汽化来自低温储罐的屏障间空间的低温气液混合物的系统和方法
KR1020237023312A KR20230117435A (ko) 2020-12-17 2021-12-10 극저온 저장 탱크의 방벽간 공간으로부터 극저온 기체-액체 혼합물을 기화시키는 시스템 및 방법
PCT/EP2021/025487 WO2022128149A1 (en) 2020-12-17 2021-12-10 System and method for vaporizing a cryogenic gas-liquid mixture from an inter barrier space of a cryogenic storage tank

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20315497.6A EP4015892A1 (de) 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 System und verfahren zum verdampfen eines kryogenen gas-flüssigkeit-gemischs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4015892A1 true EP4015892A1 (de) 2022-06-22

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20315497.6A Pending EP4015892A1 (de) 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 System und verfahren zum verdampfen eines kryogenen gas-flüssigkeit-gemischs

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4015892A1 (de)
KR (1) KR20230117435A (de)
CN (1) CN116710696A (de)
WO (1) WO2022128149A1 (de)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006061251A1 (de) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Man Diesel Se Gasversorgungsanlage für einen Antrieb
FR3017924A1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-28 Gaztransp Et Technigaz Procede et systeme d'inertage d'une paroi d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz combustible liquefie
KR20160014403A (ko) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-11 대우조선해양 주식회사 선박용 엔진의 연료공급 시스템 및 방법
FR3032776A1 (fr) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Gestion des fluides dans une cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante
EP3239037A1 (de) * 2014-12-26 2017-11-01 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flüssiggasträger

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006061251A1 (de) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Man Diesel Se Gasversorgungsanlage für einen Antrieb
FR3017924A1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-28 Gaztransp Et Technigaz Procede et systeme d'inertage d'une paroi d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz combustible liquefie
KR20160014403A (ko) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-11 대우조선해양 주식회사 선박용 엔진의 연료공급 시스템 및 방법
EP3239037A1 (de) * 2014-12-26 2017-11-01 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flüssiggasträger
FR3032776A1 (fr) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Gestion des fluides dans une cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante

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Publication number Publication date
CN116710696A (zh) 2023-09-05
KR20230117435A (ko) 2023-08-08
WO2022128149A1 (en) 2022-06-23

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