EP4013841B1 - Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur schmierung von getrieben, achsen und lagern eines fahrzeuges - Google Patents

Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur schmierung von getrieben, achsen und lagern eines fahrzeuges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4013841B1
EP4013841B1 EP20761943.8A EP20761943A EP4013841B1 EP 4013841 B1 EP4013841 B1 EP 4013841B1 EP 20761943 A EP20761943 A EP 20761943A EP 4013841 B1 EP4013841 B1 EP 4013841B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
titanium
oil
phosphorus
lubricant composition
amine
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EP20761943.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4013841A1 (de
Inventor
Hyungsoo KIM
Patricia Standen
Binbin Guo
Suzanne M. Patterson
Brian B. Filippini
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Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/06—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/08—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
    • C10M137/105—Thio derivatives not containing metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C10M2209/0845—Acrylate; Methacrylate used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/44—Boron free or low content boron compositions
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/10—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by sulfur or a compound containing sulfur

Definitions

  • the disclosed technology relates to a lubricant composition for automotive gears, axles and bearings, the lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil-soluble titanium compound in place of boron compounds, as well as a method of obtaining thermal stability performance in automotive gears, axles and bearings without the boron content that is typical, by lubricating such automotive gears, axles and bearings with a lubricant composition containing an oil-soluble titanium compound.
  • Driveline power transmitting devices (such as gears or transmissions) present highly challenging technological problems and solutions for satisfying the multiple and often conflicting lubricating requirements, while providing durability and cleanliness.
  • Lubricants are expected to be able to pass thermal stability tests, e.g. the L-60-1 test (ASTM D5704) (comprising a 50 hr test for axle oils).
  • the lubricant should be able to provide adequate thermal stability as well as viscosity control to pass these tests.
  • EP 0 848 052 A2 discloses a boron-free additive composition and its use in the lubrication of motor-vehicle gears.
  • titanium compounds can replace the typical boron containing materials in lubricant compositions for automotive gears, axles and bearings that contain amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agents, while still providing at least equivalent, if not improved, thermal stability performance. This finding was surprising, as the prevailing understanding has been that boron compounds were required for such stability.
  • one aspect of the disclosed technology is related to a lubricant composition for an automotive gear, axle, or bearing, as evidenced by a total sulfur level of the lubricant of about 0.75 to about 5 wt.% based on the weight of the lubricant composition (referred to hereinbelow as an automotive gear oil), containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent and an oil-soluble titanium compound (also referred to as "titanium compound” for short), where the automotive gear oil is substantially free, or free, of boron.
  • an automotive gear oil containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent and an oil-soluble titanium compound (also referred to as "titanium compound” for short), where the automotive gear oil is substantially free, or free, of boron.
  • the titanium compound is not particularly limited, but it was found that the addition of titanium (IV) alkoxides, such as titanium (IV) 2-ethylhexoxide, to an automotive gear oil showed unexpected thermal stability performance.
  • the titanium compound is included in the automotive gear oil at levels that deliver greater than 200 ppm of titanium to the lubricant composition.
  • the automotive gear oil can also contain other additives, including other, non-amine containing, phosphorus compounds.
  • Another aspect of the current technology includes a method of lubricating an automotive gear (such as an automotive gear, axle or bearing), with the automotive gear oil as disclosed herein.
  • an automotive gear such as an automotive gear, axle or bearing
  • One aspect of the invention is an automotive gear oil containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent, and an oil-soluble titanium compound, and being substantially free, or free, of boron.
  • substantially free it is meant that the composition contains less than 50 ppm boron, or less than 30 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm or 5 ppm, or even less than 1 ppm boron.
  • the base oil may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines (2011), namely Base Oil Category Sulfur (%) Saturates (%) Viscosity Index Group I >0.03 and/or ⁇ 90 80 to less than 120 Group II ⁇ 0.03 and ⁇ 90 80 to less than 120 Group III ⁇ 0.03 and ⁇ 90 ⁇ 120 Group IV All polyalphaolefins (PAOs) Group V All others not included in Groups I, II, III or IV
  • Groups I, II and III are mineral oil base stocks. Other generally recognized categories of base oils may be used, even if not officially identified by the API: Group II+, referring to materials of Group II having a viscosity index of 110-119 and lower volatility than other Group II oils; and Group III+, referring to materials of Group III having a viscosity index greater than or equal to 130.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity can include natural or synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Mixtures of mineral oil and synthetic oils, e.g., polyalphaolefin oils and/or polyester oils, may be used.
  • the oils employed in the composition are not particularly limited and can include a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1 to 40, or 1 to 30, or even 1 to 15 or 20, or 1.25 to 10 mm 2 /s.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity can have a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5, or 2 to 7, or 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 6 mm 2 /s.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises a poly alpha olefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5 mm 2 /s or any of the other aforementioned ranges.
  • Amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agents can include, for example, amine salts of phosphoric acid esters; dialkyl mono-thio and di-thio phosphoric acid esters; and mono-alkyl or di-alkyl phosphites or phosphonates; and mixtures thereof.
  • the amine salt of the phosphoric acid ester may comprise any of a variety of chemical structures. In particular, a variety of structures are possible when the phosphoric acid ester compound contains one or more sulfur atoms, that is, when the phosphorus-containing acid is a thiophosphoric acid ester, including mono- or dithiophosphoric acid esters.
  • a phosphoric acid ester may be prepared by reacting a phosphorus compound such as phosphorus pentoxide with an alcohol.
  • a dithiophosphoric acid ester may be prepared by reacting phosphorus pentasulfide with an alcohol.
  • Suitable alcohols include those containing up to 30 or to 24, or to 12 carbon atoms, including primary or secondary alcohols such as isopropyl, butyl, amyl, s-amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, decyl and oleyl alcohols, as well as any of a variety of commercial alcohol mixtures having, e.g., 8 to 10, 12 to 18, or 18 to 28 carbon atoms.
  • Polyols such as diols may also be used.
  • the amines which may be suitable for use as the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, as well as diamines, and mixtures thereof, including amines with at least one hydrocarbyl group, or, in certain embodiments, two or three hydrocarbyl groups having, e.g., 2 to 30 or 6 to 12, or 8 to 26 or 10 to 20 or 13 to 19 carbon atoms.
  • sulfur containing amine phosphate salts may be prepared by reacting an alkylthiophosphate with an epoxide or a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol. This reaction product may be used alone, or further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester.
  • the epoxide is generally an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are preferred.
  • the glycols may be aliphatic glycols having from 2 to about 12, or from 2 to about 6, or from 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
  • Glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like.
  • the alkylthiophosphate, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,197,405 and 3,544,465 .
  • the amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent can be substantially sulfur-free.
  • examples include the amine salt of a phosphate hydrocarbon ester prepared by reaction between phosphorus pentoxide with an alcohol (having 4 to 18 carbon atoms), followed by a reaction with a primary (e.g., 2-ethylhexylamine or oleylaminopropyl amine), secondary (e.g., dimethylamine), or tertiary (e.g., dimethyloleylamine) amine to form an amine salt of a phosphate hydrocarbon ester.
  • a primary e.g., 2-ethylhexylamine or oleylaminopropyl amine
  • secondary e.g., dimethylamine
  • tertiary e.g., dimethyloleylamine
  • an amine-phosphate antiwear agent is a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt having at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms in an alkyl pyrophosphate structure (sometimes referred to as the POP structure), as opposed to an orthophosphate (or monomeric phosphate) structure, as shown, for example, in the following formula R 1 O(O 2 )POP(O 2 )OR 1 •(R 2 3 )NH + , or variants thereof, where, each R 1 is independently an alkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, or an ether-containing group, provided that at least one R 2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group or an ether-containing group (that is, not NH 3 ).
  • the amount of the amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent in the automotive gear oil may be 0.1 to 5 wt.%.
  • Alternative amounts of the amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent may be 0.2 to 3 wt.%, or 0.2 to 2.5 wt.%, or 0.2 to 2 wt.%, or 1 to 2 wt.%, or 0.3 to 1.9 wt.%, or 0.4 to 1.8 wt.%, or 0.4 to 1.7 wt.%.
  • the amount may be suitable to provide phosphorus to the automotive gear oil in an amount of 200 to 3000 parts per million by weight (ppm), or 250 to 2750, or 300 to 2500, or 350 to 2250, or 400 to 2000 ppm, or 600 to 1500 ppm, or 700 to 1100 ppm, or 1100 to 1800 ppm.
  • ppm parts per million by weight
  • the oil-soluble titanium compound can also be referred to more generally as a hydrocarbon-soluble titanium compound.
  • oil-soluble or “hydrocarbon soluble” it is meant a material which will dissolve or disperse on a macroscopic or gross scale in an oil or hydrocarbon, as the case may be, typically a mineral oil, such that a practical solution or dispersion can be prepared.
  • the titanium compound In order to prepare a useful lubricant formulation, the titanium compound should not precipitate or settle out over a course of several days or weeks, and preferably months or years. Such materials may exhibit true solubility on a molecular scale or may exist in the form of agglomerations of varying size or scale, provided however that they have dissolved or dispersed on a gross scale.
  • Ti (IV) compounds such as titanium (IV) sulfide; titanium (IV) nitrate; titanium (IV) alkoxides such as titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium butoxide; titanium (IV) 2-ethylhexoxid
  • titanium phosphates such as titanium dithiophosphates (e.g., dialkyldithiophosphates) and titanium sulfonates (e.g., alkylsulfonates), or, generally, the reaction product of titanium compounds with various acid materials to form salts, especially oil-soluble salts.
  • Titanium compounds can thus be derived from, among others, organic acids, alcohols, and glycols. Titanium compounds may also exist in dimeric or oligomeric form, containing Ti--O--Ti structures. Such titanium compounds are commercially available or can be readily prepared by appropriate synthesis techniques which will be apparent to the person skilled in the art. Titanium compounds may exist at room temperature as a solid or a liquid, depending on the particular compound, and may also be provided in a solution form in an appropriate inert solvent.
  • the titanium can be supplied as a Ti-modified dispersant, such as a succinimide dispersant.
  • a Ti-modified dispersant such as a succinimide dispersant.
  • Such materials may be prepared by forming a titanium mixed anhydride between a titanium alkoxide and a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride, such as an alkenyl- (or alkyl) succinic anhydride.
  • the resulting titanate-succinate intermediate may be used directly or it may be reacted with any of a number of materials, such as (a) a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant having free, condensable -NH functionality; (b) the components of a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant, i.e., an alkenyl- (or alkyl-)succinic anhydride and a polyamine, (c) a hydroxy-containing polyester dispersant prepared by the reaction of a substituted succinic anhydride with a polyol, aminoalcohol, polyamine, or mixtures thereof.
  • a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant having free, condensable -NH functionality
  • the components of a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant i.e., an alkenyl- (or alkyl-)succinic anhydride and a polyamine
  • the titanate-succinate intermediate may be reacted with other agents such as alcohols, aminoalcohols, ether alcohols, polyether alcohols or polyols, or fatty acids, and the product thereof either used directly to impart titanium to a lubricant, or else further reacted with the succinic dispersants as described above.
  • succinic dispersants as described above.
  • 1 part (by mole) of tetraisopropyl titanate may be reacted with 2 parts (by mole) of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride at 140-150 °C for 5 to 6 hours to provide a titanium modified dispersant or intermediate.
  • the resulting material (30 g) may be further reacted with a succinimide dispersant from polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyethylenepolyamine mixture (127 g+diluent oil) at 150 °C for 1.5 hours, to produce a titanium-modified succinimide dispersant.
  • a succinimide dispersant from polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyethylenepolyamine mixture (127 g+diluent oil) at 150 °C for 1.5 hours, to produce a titanium-modified succinimide dispersant.
  • the titanium can be supplied as a tolyltriazole oligomer salted with and/or chelated to titanium.
  • the surface active properties of the tolyltriazole allow it to act as a delivery system for the titanium, imparting the titanium performance benefits described herein, as well as the copper deactivating performance of tolyltriazole.
  • this material can be prepared by first combining tolyltriazole (1.5 eq) and formaldehyde (1.57 eq) in an inert solvent followed by addition of diethanolamine (1.5 eq) and then hexadecyl succinic anhydride (1.5 eq) and a catalytic amount of methanesulfonic acid, while heating and removing water of condensation.
  • This intermediate can be reacted with titanium isopropoxide (0.554 eq) at 60 °C, followed by vacuum stripping to provide a red viscous product.
  • titanium can also be provided, such as surface-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles, as described in greater detail in Q. Xue et al., Wear 213, 29-32, 1997 (Elsevier Science S.A. ), which discloses TiO 2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5 nm, surface modified with 2-ethylhexoic acid. Such nanoparticles capped by an organic hydrocarbyl chain are said to disperse well in non-polar and weakly polar organic solvents. Their synthesis is described in greater detail by K. G. Severin et al. in Chem. Mater. 6, 8990-898, 1994 .
  • the titanium is not a part of or affixed to a long-chain polymer, that is, a high molecular weight polymer.
  • the titanium species may, in these circumstances, have a number average molecular weight of less than 150,000 or less than 100,000 or 30,000 or 20,000 or 10,000 or 5000, or 3000 or 2000, e. g, about 1000 or less than 1000.
  • Non-polymeric species providing the titanium as disclosed above will typically be below the molecular weight range of such polymers.
  • a titanium tetraalkoxide such as titanium isopropoxide may have a number average molecular weight of 1000 or less, or 300 or less, as may be readily calculated.
  • a titanium-modified dispersant may include a hydrocarbyl substituent with a number average molecular weight of 3000 or less or 2000 or less, e.g., about 1000.
  • the amount of titanium (that is titanium atom as opposed to titanium compound) present in the automotive gear oil is greater than 200 parts per million by weight (ppm), or greater than 250 ppm, or greater than 300 or 325 ppm.
  • the titanium compound may be present at from about 200 to about 2000 ppm, or from 200 or 250 to about 1500 ppm or even about 300 to about 1250 or even about 325 or 350 to about 900 or 1000 ppm.
  • titanium isopropoxide for instance, is typically commercially supplied in a form which contains 16.8% titanium by weight. Thus, if amounts of 20 to 100 ppm of titanium are to be provided, about 119 to about 595 ppm (that is, about 0.01 to about 0.06 wt.%) of titanium isopropoxide would be used, and so on.
  • the titanium compound may be selected from the group consisting of titanium alkoxides, titanium modified dispersants, titanium salts of aromatic carboxylic acids (such as benzoic acid or alkyl-substituted benzoic acids), and titanium salts of sulfur-containing acids (such as those of the formula R--S--R'--CO 2 H, where R is a hydrocarbyl group and R' is a hydrocarbylene group).
  • An automotive gear oil refers to a lubricant composition having sufficient levels of additive to lubricate an automotive gear, such as a gear, bearing or axle.
  • automotive gear oils can be distinguished from other lubricants, such as engine oil lubricants, based on levels of sulfur and phosphorus.
  • the automotive gear oil can have a total sulfur level of about 0.75 to about 5 wt.% based on the weight of the automotive gear oil.
  • the total sulfur level can be from about 0.8 to about 4 wt.%, or even about 0.9 to about 3.5 wt.% or about 1 to about 3 wt.%.
  • the sulfur can be provided, for example, from organo-sulfides, including polysulfides, such as sulfurized olefins, thiadiazoles and thiadiazole adducts such as post treated dispersants.
  • Organo-sulfides can be present in in the automotive gear oil in a range of, for example, 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%, 0.01 wt.% to 10 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% to 8 wt.%, 0.25 wt.% to 6 wt.%, 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, or 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, 3% to 6% of the automotive gear oil.
  • Examples of a thiadiazole include 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof, a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a hydro-carbylthio-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
  • the oligomers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulfur-sulfur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole units to form oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units. Further examples of thiadiazole compounds are found in WO 2008,094759 , paragraphs 0088 through 0090.
  • the organosulfide may alternatively be a polysulfide. In one embodiment at least about 50 wt.% of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides. In other embodiments at least about 55 wt.%, or at least about 60 wt.% of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides.
  • the polysulfides include sulfurized organic polysulfides from oils, fatty acids or ester, olefins or polyolefins.
  • Oils which may be sulfurized include natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
  • natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
  • Fatty acids include those that contain 8 to 30, or 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of fatty acids include oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and tall oil.
  • Sulfurized fatty acid esters prepared from mixed unsaturated fatty acid esters such as are obtained from animal fats and vegetable oils, including tall oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and fish oil.
  • the polysulfide may also be derived from an olefin derived from a wide range of alkenes, typically having one or more double bonds.
  • the olefins in one embodiment contain 3 to 30 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, olefins contain 3 to 16, or 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
  • the sulfurized olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene, or mixtures thereof. Isobutene, propylene and their dimers, trimers and tetramers, and mixtures thereof are further olefinic compounds.
  • the polysulfide comprises a polyolefin derived from polymerizing, by known techniques, an olefin as described above.
  • the polysulfide includes, dibutyl disulfide, dibutyl tetrasulfide, sulfurized methyl ester of oleic acid, sulfurized alkylphenol, sulfurized dipentene, sulfurized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized terpene, and sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons.
  • the automotive gear oils can also have a total phosphorus level of about 0.03 to about 0.5 wt.%, or 0.03 to about 0.35 wt.%, or even about 0.05 to about 0.3 wt.%, or about 0.08 to about 0.2 wt.%, or about 0.13 to about 0.2 wt.%, or about 0.1 to about 0.25 wt.%.
  • the phosphorus can be brought to the automotive gear oil, for example, from the amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agents discussed above, or other phosphorus containing compounds.
  • phosphorus-containing compounds may be included along with the amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agents.
  • Such other phosphorus containing compounds can include phosphites or phosphonates. Suitable phosphites or phosphonates include those having at least one hydrocarbyl group with 3 or 4 or more, or 8 or more, or 12 or more, carbon atoms.
  • the phosphite may be a mono-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, a di-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, or a tri-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite.
  • the phosphonate may be a mono-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphonate, a di-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphonate, or a tri-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphonate.
  • the phosphite is sulphur-free i.e., the phosphite is not a thi-ophosphite.
  • the phosphite or phosphonate may be represented by the formulae: wherein at least one R may be a hydrocarbyl group containing at least 3 carbon atoms and the other R groups may be hydrogen. In one embodiment, two of the R groups are hydrocarbyl groups, and the third is hydrogen. In one embodiment every R group is a hydrocarbyl group, i.e., the phosphite is a tri-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, acyclic or mixtures thereof.
  • R groups in formula XII is an H group
  • the compound would generally be considered a phosphite, but such a compound can often exist in between the tautomers of formula XI and XII, and thus, could also be referred to as a phosphonate or phosphite ester.
  • the term phosphite as used herein, will be considered to encompass both phosphites and phosphonates.
  • the R hydrocarbyl groups may be linear or branched, typically linear, and saturated or unsaturated, typically saturated.
  • the other phosphorus-containing compound can be a C 3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite, or mixtures thereof, i.e., wherein each R may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 3 to 8, or 4 to 6 carbon atoms, typically 4 carbon atoms.
  • each R may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 3 to 8, or 4 to 6 carbon atoms, typically 4 carbon atoms.
  • the C 3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite comprises dibutyl phosphite.
  • the C 3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite may deliver at least 175 ppm, or at least 200 ppm of the total amount of phosphorus delivered by the phosphorus-containing compounds.
  • the C 3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite may deliver at least 25wt.%, 35 wt.%, 45 wt.%, or 50 wt.% to 80 wt.%, or 50 wt.% to 75 wt.% or 60 wt.% to 70 wt.% of the total amount of phosphorus to the lubricant composition.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound can be a C 12-22 hydrocarbyl phosphite, or mixtures thereof, i.e., wherein each R may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 12 to 24, or 14 to 20 carbon atoms, typically 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • each R may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 12 to 24, or 14 to 20 carbon atoms, typically 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the C 12-22 hydrocarbyl phosphite comprises a C 16-18 hydrocarbyl phosphite.
  • alkyl groups for R 3 , R 4 and R 5 include octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octadecenyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl or mixtures thereof.
  • the C 12-22 hydrocarbyl phosphite may be present in the lubricant composition at about 0.05 wt.% to about 4.0 wt.% of the lubricant composition, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 1.5 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.% of the lubricant composition.
  • the other phosphorus containing compound can include both a C 3-8 and a C 12 to C 24 hydrocarbyl phosphite.
  • the phosphite ester comprises the reaction product of (a) a monomeric phosphoric acid or an ester thereof with (b) at least two alkylene diols; a first alkylene diol (i) having two hydroxy groups in a 1,4 or 1,5 or 1,6 relationship; and a second alkylene diol(ii) being an alkyl-substitute 1,3-propylene glycol.
  • Sulfur containing phosphites can include, for example, a material represented by the formula [R 1 O(OR 2 )(S)PSC 2 H 4 (C)(O)OR 4 O] n P(OR 5 ) 2-n (O)H, wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or 6 to 8 carbon atoms, or wherein R 1 and R 2 together with the adjacent O and P atoms form a ring containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; R 4 is an alkylene group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms or 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; and n is 1 or 2.
  • the C 12-22 hydrocarbyl phosphite may be present in the lubricant composition at about 0.05 wt.% to about 1.5 wt.% of the lubricant composition, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.% of the lubricant composition.
  • the other phosphorus containing compound can be a phosphorus containing amide.
  • Phosphorus containing amides can be prepared by reaction of dithiophosphoric acid with an unsaturated amide.
  • unsaturated amides include acrylamide, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, methacrylamide, crotonamide and the like.
  • the reaction product of the phosphorus acid and the unsaturated amide may be further reacted with a linking or a coupling compound, such as formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.
  • the phosphorus containing amides are known in the art and are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,670,169 , 4,770,807 and 4,876,374 .
  • Other materials may be present in the automotive gear oil in their conventional amounts including, for example, viscosity modifiers, dispersants, pour point additives, extreme pressure agents, antifoams, copper anticorrosion agents (such as dimercaptothiadiazole compounds), iron anticorrosion agents, friction modifiers, dyes, fragrances, optional detergents and antioxidants, and color stabilizers, for example.
  • viscosity modifiers such as dispersants, pour point additives, extreme pressure agents, antifoams, copper anticorrosion agents (such as dimercaptothiadiazole compounds), iron anticorrosion agents, friction modifiers, dyes, fragrances, optional detergents and antioxidants, and color stabilizers, for example.
  • the disclosed technology provides a method of lubricating an automotive gear, comprising supplying thereto an automotive gear oil as described herein, that is, an automotive gear oil having a total sulfur level of 0.75 to 5 wt.% and containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) an oil-soluble titanium compound, and (c) an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent, and operating the driveline device.
  • the automotive gear may comprise a gear as in a gearbox of a vehicle (e.g., a manual transmission) or in an axle or differential, or in other driveline power transmitting driveline devices.
  • the automotive gear may also include bearings.
  • Lubricated gears may include hypoid gears, such as those for example in a rear drive axle.
  • each chemical component described is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, that is, on an active chemical basis, unless otherwise indicated.
  • each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
  • hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
  • hydrocarbyl groups include:
  • the present invention encompasses the composition prepared by admixing the components described above.
  • gear oil samples were evaluated in the L-60-1 Thermal Oxidative Stability of Gear Lubricants Test (based on ASTM Method D5704 ), which is a 50 hour test.
  • SAE J2360 standard for thermal stability requires the lubricant tested under L-60-1 to show a gear sludge rating of 9.4 minimum, gear carbon/varnish rating of 7.5 minimum, viscosity increase of 100% maximum, pentane insoluble of 3.0% maximum and toluene insoluble of 2.0% maximum.
  • Gear oil samples 6-9 were prepared according to the following formulations (numbers represent wt%): Sample 6 Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Methacrylate copolymer 9 9 9 9 Sulfurized olefin 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 Phosphorus amine salt-2* 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 Substituted thiadiazole 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Rust inhibitor 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Antifoam 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Borated dispersant 0.78 Non-borated dispersant 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Oil soluble Ti compound 0.3 0.6 Oil of lubricating viscosity Sum to 100 Phosphorus amine salt-2* is substantially sulfur free.
  • Gear oil samples 6-9 contain identical concentrations of non-borated dispersant. Only Sample 6 contains borated dispersant. Samples 6 and 7 are Ti-free, and Samples 8 and 9 contain 300 ppm Ti and 600ppm Ti respectively. These four samples were also tested in the L-60-1 Thermal Oxidative Stability of Gear Lubricants Test (based on ASTM Method D5704 ). Samples 6 and 7 are comparative samples that were tested to again demonstrate the importance of the presence of borated dispersant to achieve the desired carbon/varnish rating. Boron-free samples 8 and 9 contain oil soluble Ti which improves the carbon/varnish rating to achieve the desired thermal oxidative stability in this test.
  • Gear oil samples 10-13 were prepared without borated dispersant according to the following formulations (numbers represent wt%): Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Methacrylate copolymer 9 9 9 9 Sulfurized olefin 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 Phosphorus amine salt-3* 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 Substituted thiadiazole 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Rust inhibitor 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Antifoam 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Non-borated dispersant 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Oil soluble Ti compound 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 Oil of lubricating viscosity Sum to 100 Phosphorus amine salt-3* is substantially sulfur free and at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate structure.
  • Gear oil samples 10-13 contain identical concentrations of non-borated dispersant.
  • Sample 10 is Ti-free, and Samples 11, 12 and 13 contain 300 ppm Ti, 600ppm Ti and 900ppm Ti respectively. These four samples were also tested in the L-60-1 Thermal Oxidative Stability of Gear Lubricants Test (based on ASTM Method D5704 ). Samples 10 was tested to demonstrate the carbon/varnish performance without the presence of a borated dispersant.
  • Boron-free samples 11, 12 and 13 contain increasing amounts of oil soluble Ti which improves the carbon/varnish rating to achieve the desired thermal oxidative stability in this test.
  • Gear oil samples 14 and 15 do not contain borated dispersant. These samples contain a mixture of Phosphorus amine-salt-1 and phosphite.
  • Sample 14 is a comparative sample without an oil soluble Ti compound, while Sample 15 contains 525ppm Ti.
  • Sample 14 Sample 15 Methacrylate copolymer 9 9 Sulfurized olefin 4.6 4.6 Phosphorus amine salt-1* 0.82 0.82 Phosphite 0.725 0.725 Substituted thiadiazole 0.2 0.2 Rust inhibitor 0.2 0.2 Antifoam 0.04 0.04 Non-borated dispersant 0.75 0.75 Oil soluble Ti compound 0 0.6
  • the transitional term "comprising,” which is synonymous with “including,” “containing,” or “characterized by,” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps. However, in each recitation of “comprising” herein, it is intended that the term also encompass, as alternative embodiments, the phrases “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of,” where “consisting of” excludes novel characteristics of the composition or method under consideration.
  • the expression “consisting of” or “consisting essentially of,” when applied to an element of a claim, is intended to restrict all species of the type represented by that element, notwithstanding the presence of "comprising" elsewhere in the claim.

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Claims (10)

  1. Schmiermittelzusammensetzung, umfassend ein Öl mit Schmierviskosität, ein aminhaltiges Phosphorantiverschleißmittel und eine öllösliche Titanverbindung, wobei die Schmiermittelzusammensetzung weniger als 50 ppm Bor enthält, wobei das Schmiermittel einen Gesamtschwefelgehalt von etwa 0,75 bis etwa 5 Gew.-% umfasst und wobei die Zusammensetzung mehr als 200 ppm Titan umfasst.
  2. Schmiermittelzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die öllösliche Titanverbindung mindestens eines umfasst von Titan(IV)-sulfid; Titan(IV)-nitrat; Titan(IV)-alkoholaten; Titanphenaten; Titancarboxylaten; Titanphosphaten; Titansulfonaten.
  3. Schmiermittelzusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die öllösliche Titanverbindung Titan(IV)-2-ethylhexoxid umfasst.
  4. Schmiermittelzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das aminhaltige Phosphorantiverschleißmittel als ein
    Amin(thio)phosphatsalz.
  5. Schmiermittelzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Schmiermittel einen Gesamtphosphorgehalt von etwa 0,03 bis 0,5 Gew.-% umfasst.
  6. Schmiermittelzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, ferner umfassend ein zusätzliches phosphorhaltiges Mittel außer dem aminhaltigen Phosphorantiverschleißmittel.
  7. Verfahren zum Schmieren einer Antriebsstrangvorrichtung, umfassend ein Zuführen der Schmiermittelzusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche zu der Antriebsstrangvorrichtung und Betreiben der Antriebsstrangvorrichtung.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Antriebsstrangvorrichtung eine Achse umfasst.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Antriebsstrangvorrichtung ein Lager umfasst.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Antriebsstrangvorrichtung ein Getriebe umfasst.
EP20761943.8A 2019-08-16 2020-08-12 Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur schmierung von getrieben, achsen und lagern eines fahrzeuges Active EP4013841B1 (de)

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PCT/US2020/045832 WO2021034553A1 (en) 2019-08-16 2020-08-12 Composition and method for lubricating automotive gears, axles and bearings

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US20220282178A1 (en) 2022-09-08
CA3150270A1 (en) 2021-02-25
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WO2021034553A1 (en) 2021-02-25
CN114402058B (zh) 2023-06-23

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