EP4013607A1

EP4013607A1 - Baling press and method for baling deformable material

Info

Publication number: EP4013607A1
Application number: EP20750623.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andreas HEINEN; Bernd LOWIGUS
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-08-14
Filing date: 2020-07-29
Publication date: 2022-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-29
Also published as: WO2021028221A1; EP4013607B1; DE102019121951B4; DE102019121951A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a baling press (30) for baling deformable material, comprising: a compressor (34) and a closure plate (33) which delimits one side of a working chamber (31) of the compressor (34); wherein the baling press (30) is designed such that the closure plate (33), when actuated, closes the side of the working chamber (31) in a first direction and opens it in a second direction, and such that the compressor (34) can be moved into the working chamber (31) along the closure plate (33).

Description

PACKAGING PRESS AND METHOD FOR PACKAGING

DEFORMABLE MATERIAL

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a packaging press for packaging deformable material and a method for packaging deformable material by means of a packaging press.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are generally known shear packaging presses for packaging deformable material, which press deformable material into a package by three-dimensional compression.

Shear stacking presses are used, for example, in scrap yards, in body pressing plants, in aluminum processing plants and in the sheet metal processing industry to optimize logistics and in steel works, foundries and remelting plants to increase melting performance.

A shear packet press typically has a filling pressure compressor, a

Intermediate pressure compressor and a finished pressure compressor, each moved by hydraulic cylinders, as well as a filling box that is filled with the material to be pressed.

The filling pressure compressor is arranged on one side of the filling box and presses the material to be pressed into a press box, which is arranged on the side of the filling box which is opposite the filling pressure compressor. Material to be pressed, which protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor, is cut off at a cutting edge of the pressing box with a shearing knife which is attached to the upper edge of the filling pressure compressor.

In the press box, the material to be pressed is compressed from above by the intermediate pressure compressor and laterally, across the filling pressure compressor, by the finished pressure compressor to form a package.

The package can be ejected from the press box by opening a hydraulic door on the side of the press box opposite the final pressure compressor and pushing the package through the hydraulic door with the aid of the final pressure compressor.

The material to be pressed typically includes a wide variety of light to medium-weight ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

On the other hand, high-strength material cannot normally be packaged with known shear packer presses. These include steels, for example AHSS (Advanced High Strength Steel), whose strengths are more than 350 MPa, in some cases even more than 1000 MPa. In known presses, when the filling pressure compressor is advanced, the material to be pressed is often pressed upwards so that it protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor and has to be cut off at the cutting edge. The cutting of high-strength material is not possible with such designs, because the cutting blades weld together and the packaging process comes to a standstill.

Floch-resistant material, which is used, for example, in the automotive industry, is therefore currently processed in many cases using a large shredder system.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved baling press and an improved method for stacking deformable material by means of a baling press.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a first aspect the present invention provides a baling press according to claim 1.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method according to claim 9.

Further aspects and features of the present invention emerge from the dependent claims, the attached drawing and the following description of preferred embodiments.

Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a packaging press for packaging deformable material, which comprises a compactor and a closure plate which delimits one side of a working space of the compactor, the packaging press being designed such that the closure plate opens the side of the working space in a first direction when actuated closes and opens in a second direction, and that the compressor can be moved into the working space along the closure plate.

The packaging press can, for example, plastically deform material to be pressed, which comprises deformable material, by compression and press it into a package, which is referred to as packaging. The material to be pressed can be compressed three-dimensionally, for example, the volume of the material being reduced.

The material to be pressed can, for example, comprise a wide range of light to medium-weight ferrous metals and / or non-ferrous metals. It can include scrap metal such as scrap or metal shavings or the like.

In some embodiments, the material to be pressed comprises high strength material. These include steels such as AHSS (Advanced High Strength Steel), whose strengths are more than 350 MPa, in some cases even more than 1000 MPa. In some exemplary embodiments, the packaging of high-strength material is possible in that the material to be pressed does not have to be cut.

In some exemplary embodiments, the baling press is designed as a scrap press.

The material to be pressed can be compacted in that the compactor exerts a mechanical force in the direction of compression on the material to be pressed. For example, the compressor can be moved in the direction of compression. The compressor can be operated, for example, by a hydraulic system, such as a hydraulic cylinder, which pushes the compressor in the direction of compression.

The compactor can comprise a pressure plate, via which the compactor exerts the mechanical force on the material to be pressed.

The compressor can also include a wear plate. The wear plate can be detachably attached to the pressure plate, or the pressure plate can be designed to accommodate a wear plate.

In some exemplary embodiments, the pressure plate does not touch the material to be pressed directly, but rather via the wear plate, so that wear on the pressure plate is reduced to a negligible amount. The wear plate can be designed so that it can be replaced with relatively little effort if it has become unusable due to wear.

The working space of the compactor is a section of space in the baling press in which the compactor, or a pressure plate and / or a wear plate of the compactor, moves. For example, material to be pressed can be located in the working space of the compressor.

Actuation of the closure plate can include moving the closure plate. The closure plate can therefore be designed in such a way that it closes one side of the working space of the compressor when moving in a first direction and opens when moving in a second direction.

The baling press can be designed, for example, so that the closing plate closes one side of the working space of the compressor when actuated in a first direction so that material to be pressed that is located in the working space of the compressor does not leave the working space through the side closed by the closing plate can. The closure plate can be designed in such a way that it closes the side of the working space without giving way when the compressor is moved into the working space, so that the material to be pressed in the working space is compressed by the compressor and therefore exerts a force on the closure plate. In some exemplary embodiments, this can prevent material to be pressed from passing through the side of the working space delimited by the closure plate the working space of the compressor is pressed when the compressor is moved into the working space.

The baling press can be designed, for example, in such a way that the closure plate opens one side of the working space of the compressor when actuated in a second direction so that material to be pressed can be filled into the working space of the compressor.

The first direction and the second direction can be opposite to each other. For example, the first direction and the second direction can be oriented along a direction of movement of the compressor.

In some exemplary embodiments, one edge of the compressor ends flush with the closure plate.

For example, an edge of a pressure plate or a wear plate of the compressor can be flush with the closure plate.

The baling press can be designed in such a way that the edge of the compactor ends flush with the closure plate even when the compactor and / or the closure plate are moved.

In some exemplary embodiments, material to be pressed can thus be prevented from getting between the compactor and the closing plate when the compactor and / or the closing plate is moved.

In some exemplary embodiments, an end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor engages the working chamber when the side of the working chamber is closed and is pushed out of the working chamber by the compressor when the compressor is moved into the working chamber.

For example, the closure plate can be tilted into a section of the working space of the compressor that is not filled by the compressor. An edge of the compressor, which is flush with the closure plate, can be designed as the axis of rotation of the closure plate.

If the compressor is then moved into the working space, then the edge that is flush with the closure plate can push the closure plate out of the working space as far as is necessary for the movement of the compressor.

In order to prevent the closure plate from tipping too far into the work space, the baling press can comprise a roller which serves as a counter bearing for the closure plate and thereby limits how far the closure plate can reach into the work space. By engaging the closure plate in the working space of the compressor, it can be ensured in some exemplary embodiments that one edge of the compressor is always flush with the closure plate.

In some exemplary embodiments, the baling press further comprises a working piston which is designed to press the end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor into the working area when the side of the working area is closed.

In some exemplary embodiments, it can be achieved that an end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor also engages in the work space when the work space is closed if material to be pressed, which is located in the work space and is compressed by the compressor, exerts an outward force on the closure plate exercises.

The working piston can be driven by a hydraulic pump that extends and retracts the working piston.

The pressure with which the working piston is extended can be controlled via a pressure relief valve. If the compressor is moved into the working space and pushes the closure plate further out of the working space, the counter pressure that acts on the working piston increases. If the counter pressure reaches a predetermined value, the working piston is retracted so that the working piston does not hinder movement of the compressor.

The invention is not limited to a working piston. The baling press can also comprise several, for example two, working pistons. The working pistons can be of identical construction and arranged next to one another and thus ensure that the end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor engages uniformly in the working space. The pressure on the working piston can for example be controlled with a jointly coupled pressure relief valve.

In some exemplary embodiments, the closure plate is designed as a cover plate which delimits an upper side of the working space.

The closing plate can for example be arranged above the compressor and delimit the working space of the compressor at the top.

When the top is closed, material to be pressed can thus be prevented from protruding upwards out of the working space, and when the top is open, material to be pressed can be poured into the working space.

In some exemplary embodiments, the compressor is designed as a filling pressure compressor and the working space is designed as a filling box. The filling box can be designed for filling with material to be pressed. The filling box can be delimited at the bottom by a floor and by walls on two opposite sides.

The top of the filling box can be limited by the closure plate, which can be designed as a cover plate. When actuated, the cover plate can close the top of the filling box in a first direction, so that no material to be pressed protrudes upwards from the filling box, that is to say from the working space of the compressor. When actuated, the cover plate can open the top of the filling box in a second direction, so that material to be pressed can be poured into the filling box.

The filling pressure compressor can be flush with the floor and the walls of the filling box, so that no material to be pressed gets between the filling pressure compressor and the floor or the walls of the filling box. In addition, the filling pressure compressor can be flush with the cover plate, so that no material to be pressed gets between the filling pressure compressor and the cover plate.

The filling pressure compressor can be movable between the walls of the filling box and between the cover plate and the bottom of the filling box. For example, the filling pressure compressor can be moved from one end of the filling box along the cover plate and along the floor and walls of the filling box to an opposite end of the filling box. In this way, material to be pressed located in the filling box can be compressed and / or pressed out of the filling box at the opposite end.

The bottom of the filling box can be designed to be vertically displaceable. For example, the filling box can comprise a housing and be designed in such a way that the bottom of the filling box can be displaced vertically against the housing of the filling box with screw connections, with shims, with perforated wedges or in a similar manner. The housing of the filling box can comprise the walls of the filling box.

The filling box can be designed so that the housing of the filling box is not shifted when the bottom of the filling box is moved vertically, but that a compressor arranged in the filling box, for example the filling pressure compressor, is also shifted.

Both the bottom and the housing of the filling box can include wear plates.

In some exemplary embodiments, the packaging press further comprises a press box and a guide section, the press box adjoining the work space, the compressor being able to be moved into the work space as far as the press box, and the guide section being provided for guiding a package along a border between the work space and the press box is. The press box can be arranged in such a way that the compressor, or a pressure plate and / or a wear plate of the compressor, delimit the press box or can engage in the press box.

If the compressor is designed as a filling pressure compressor and the working space as a filling box, the press box can be arranged, for example, so that material to be pressed is pressed by the filling pressure compressor out of the filling box into the press box when the filling pressure compressor is moved into the filling box.

In some exemplary embodiments, the filling pressure compressor can be moved so far into the filling box that all of the material to be pressed is pressed out of the filling box into the pressing box, and that the filling pressure compressor, or a pressure plate and / or a wear plate of the filling pressure compressor, forms an interface between the filling box and closes the press box so that no material to be pressed can get from the press box into the filling box.

The press box can be designed to accommodate a mechanical force exerted by the compressor. The press box can for example comprise an end wall which is aligned parallel to a pressure plate and / or a wear plate of the compressor. The material to be pressed can be compressed, for example, by pressing the material to be pressed in the press box by the compressor with the pressure plate and the wear plate against the end wall.

In some exemplary embodiments, the compressor, before the compressor, or a pressure plate and / or a wear plate of the compressor, can delimit the press box, is moved in the working space of the compressor in the direction of the press box.

The baling press can comprise further components such as an intermediate pressure compactor, a final pressure compactor and a door.

For example, the intermediate pressure compressor can be arranged on an upper side of the press box and the finished pressure compressor and the door on opposite sides of the press box. The press box is then upwards from the intermediate pressure compressor, downwards from a floor, on a first side from the final pressure compressor, on a second side from the end wall, on a third side opposite the first side from the door and on a fourth, the second Side opposite, side of the compressor, which can be designed as a filling pressure compressor, limited.

In the press box, material to be pressed can be pressed into a package by three-dimensional compression by performing a first compression, a second compression and a third compression. The first compression is a compression of the material to be pressed along a first spatial direction. It can be brought about by the compressor. If the compressor is designed as a filling pressure compressor, for example, the first compression can be brought about by the filling pressure compressor forcing the material to be pressed out of the filling box into the pressing box.

The second compression is a compression of the material to be pressed along a second spatial direction. It can be brought about by the intermediate pressure compressor in that the intermediate pressure compressor presses the material to be pressed from above against the bottom of the press box.

The third compression is a compression of the material to be pressed along a third spatial direction. It can be brought about by the finished pressure compressor in that the finished pressure compressor presses the material to be pressed against the door.

After the first compression, the second compression and the third compression have been carried out, the filling pressure compressor, the intermediate pressure compressor and / or the finished pressure compressor can be depressurized.

So that high-strength material can be plastically deformed, the pressure of the final pressure compressor must be increased so that the package does not split apart or assume its original shape after the pressure relief of the filling pressure compressor, the intermediate pressure compressor and / or the final pressure compressor. The pressure increase can be achieved, for example, by a higher pump output and an adaptation of a cylinder of the finished pressure compressor.

The door can be designed in such a way that it can be opened after the package has been pressed and the package can be ejected through the door.

The guide section can be provided, for example, to guide a package that has been produced in the press box by compressing material to be pressed, while the package is ejected from the press box, for example through the door.

In some exemplary embodiments, this can prevent the package from twisting or wedging in the press box when it is ejected and thus hindering the ejection.

In some exemplary embodiments, the package is ejected in that the finished pressure compressor, which is arranged opposite the door, is moved further into the press box and thus pushes the package out of the press box through the open door. When the package is ejected, tilting or wedging of the package can be prevented by the package being guided laterally by the end wall and the filling pressure compressor or a pressure plate or wear plate of the filling pressure compressor during ejection.

Since the filling pressure compressor delimits the press box at a boundary surface to the filling box, the filling pressure compressor can serve as a guide along the boundary between the filling box, which is the working space of the filling pressure compressor, and the press box when the package is ejected.

In some exemplary embodiments, however, the package is guided by the guide section along the boundary between the filling box and the press box when it is pushed out. The filling pressure compressor is then no longer required to guide the package and can be moved back out of the filling box into the starting position while the package is being ejected.

As a result, in some exemplary embodiments of the packaging press according to the invention, several, for example two or three, work steps can be carried out in parallel at times.

For example, the finished pressure compressor, the filling pressure compressor and the sealing plate can be moved simultaneously. While the finished pressure compressor is moved further into the press box in order to eject the finished compressed package, the filling pressure compressor can be moved out of the working space into the starting position and at the same time the closing plate can be actuated in the second direction and thus also moved into the starting position.

In this way, in some exemplary embodiments, the filling box can be refilled earlier with material to be pressed, so that the package throughput is not reduced compared to the prior art, although an additional work step, namely moving the closure plate into the starting position, has to be carried out because a packaging press without a guide section, the filling pressure compressor is required as a guide for the package during ejection and can therefore only be moved out of the filling box after the package has been ejected.

For this purpose, the baling press can include a hydraulic system (and / or a pneumatic system and / or another drive device) that hydraulically couples the compressor to the door of the press box and / or the final pressure compressor of the press box and / or the closure plate in such a way that the closure plate and / or the door and / or the finished pressure compressor can be operated together with the compressor, for example when a package is ejected from the press box.

For example, the packaging press can be designed in such a way that the package is ejected with a final pressure compressor through a door from a press box, the compressor, the final pressure compressor and the closing plate being operated. The baling press can also be designed in such a way that the compressor, the closure plate and the door of the press box are moved simultaneously. In this way, in some exemplary embodiments, two or three work steps can be carried out in parallel at times.

Hydraulic fluid that is pressed out of a cylinder of the compressor when the compressor is moved into the starting position can be used to open the door in the press box and to eject the package with the finished pressure compressor through the door from the first press box and / or the closing plate in Starting position to drive.

In some exemplary embodiments, the guide section is formed by a vertical offset between a floor of the press box and a floor of the work space.

The bottom of the press box can, for example, be offset downwards relative to the bottom of the work space.

As a result, the compressor, which can be designed as a filling pressure compressor, is no longer required for ejecting the package and it can be moved out of the filling box during the ejection.

Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for packaging deformable material with a packaging press according to one of the above embodiments of a packaging press, comprising: actuating the closure plate in the first direction so that the closure plate closes the working space, and moving the compressor along the closure plate in the Work space inside.

Since the work space is closed by the closure plate when the compressor is moved into the work space, material to be pressed, which is located in the work space, is prevented from being pushed out of the work space.

This eliminates the need to cut off material to be pressed that is pushed out of the work space. Therefore, the process can also be used to package high-strength material whose strength does not allow cutting.

In some exemplary embodiments, a packaging press is used which comprises a press box and a guide section, the press box adjoining the work space, the compactor being able to be moved into the work space as far as the press box, and the guide section for guiding a package along a border between the work space and press box is provided, the method further comprising: moving the compressor into the work space up to the press box, pressing a package in the press box, ejecting the package from the press box, moving the compressor back out of the work space and actuating the closure plate in the second direction so that the closing plate opens the side of the working space, whereby the ejection of the package, the moving back of the compressor and the actuation the closure plate overlap in time in the second direction and the package is guided on the guide section when it is ejected.

When pressing the package in the press box, for example, the first compression can be carried out first, then the second compression and then the third compression.

The package can be ejected from the press box, for example, by opening a door of the press box, moving a finished pressure compressor of the press box further into the press box and thus pushing the package through the door out of the press box.

The package is guided on the guide section when it is ejected so that it does not become jammed or wedged. The compressor is therefore not required to guide the package when it is being ejected and can already be moved out of the working space into the starting position while the package is being ejected from the press box.

The closing plate can be actuated in the second direction as soon as it is no longer required in order to keep the material to be pressed in the working space of the compressor.

The compressor can be moved out of the working space as soon as it is no longer needed to compress the package.

Compared to an exemplary embodiment in which the compressor is required as a guide during the ejection of the package, the working space can be filled earlier with material to be pressed in this way and the package throughput can be increased.

The method or the working steps described herein can be implemented in a control for the baling press, e.g. B. as instructions that are executed by a computer, processor, microcontroller or the like and lead to the execution of the method or the work steps of the packaging press described herein.

In some exemplary embodiments, the control can be integrated in the baling press. In some exemplary embodiments, the baling press is, alternatively or in combination with the control, designed mechanically so that it can carry out the work steps described herein.

In some embodiments, packages can be made from high strength material.

In some exemplary embodiments, the packaging press is designed to be convertible into a shear packaging press. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. La illustrates a shear packet press according to the prior art;

Fig. Lb illustrates a shear packet press according to the prior art in side view;

Fig. 1c illustrates a detailed view of a shear packet press according to the prior art;

Figure 1d illustrates a side detail view of a prior art shear packet press;

Fig. 2 illustrates a prior art shear packer press after a second cycle;

Figure 3 illustrates a prior art shear packer press after a third cycle;

Figure 4 illustrates a prior art shear packer press after a fourth cycle;

Fig. 5 illustrates a prior art shear packer press after a fifth cycle;

Figure 6 illustrates a prior art shear packer press after a sixth cycle;

Figure 7 illustrates a prior art shear packer press after a seventh cycle;

8a illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention;

Fig. 8b illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention in a side view;

9a illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention when moving a cover plate;

9b illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention with an inclined position of a cover plate;

9c shows an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention in a detailed view with the cover plate extended; 9d illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention in a detailed view in which a cover plate is pressed down with hydraulic pumps;

9e illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention with the filling pressure compressor partially extended;

9f illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention with the filling pressure compressor fully extended;

9g illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention with a wear plate of a cover plate in a detailed view;

10 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a baling press according to the invention with means for securing and aligning a bottom of a filling box;

11 illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention with a vertical offset between a bottom of a filling box and a bottom of a press box;

Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention during a third work cycle;

13 illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention after a third working cycle;

14 illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention after a fourth work cycle;

15 illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention after a fifth working cycle;

16 illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention after a sixth work cycle;

17 illustrates an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention after a seventh working cycle;

Fig. 18 illustrates a mechanical knife seat of a known shear packer press;

19 illustrates a mechanical shear knife seat of a baling press according to the invention with structural changes for a first operating mode; and

20 illustrates a mechanical shear knife seat of a baling press according to the invention with structural changes for a second operating mode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Before a detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention, explanations of the structure and function of a shear stacking press known from the prior art follow with reference to FIGS. 1 a to 1d or, below, also to FIGS. 2 to 7.

In Fig. La and Fig. Lb a known shear packet press 1 is shown.

The shear packet press 1 comprises a filling box 2, a press box 3, a filling pressure compressor 4, an intermediate pressure compressor 5, a finished pressure compressor 6 and a door 7.

The filling box 2 comprises a base 8, walls 9, guide strips 10, shear blades 11 and a scraper 12. The walls 9 are part of a housing of the filling box 2. The guide strips 10, the shearing blades 11 and the scraper 12 are attached to the housing of the filling box 2 .

The filling box 2 is laterally bounded by the walls 9, an opening to the press box 3, which borders one end of the filling box 2, and the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4. At the bottom, the filling box 2 is bounded by the floor 8.

The filling box 2 is used to hold material to be pressed. The shear packet press 1 is fed by means of a crane, a conveyor belt, a chute, a scale and / or a funnel. Material to be pressed is filled into the filling box 2 from above and comes to rest on the bottom 8 of the filling box 2.

The filling pressure compressor 4 is arranged at an end of the filling box 2 opposite the pressing box 3 and can be moved horizontally into the filling box 2 and out of the filling box 2 with the filling pressure cylinder 13, a hydraulic cylinder. The filling pressure compressor 4 is guided horizontally by the guide strips 10 in order to prevent movements of the filling pressure compressor 4 in the vertical direction.

The filling pressure compressor 4 comprises a pressure plate 14 and stops 15. The pressure plate 14 is aligned perpendicular to the bottom 8 and the walls 9 of the filling box 2 and is provided for the transmission of compressive forces to the material to be pressed. In addition, the filling pressure compressor 4 has a wear plate (not shown) which reduces wear on the filling pressure compressor 4.

The adjustment-safe stops 15 ensure that the pressure plate 14 reaches an end position which is plane-parallel to an end wall 16 of the press box 3. The distance between the pressure plate 14 in the end position and the opposite end wall 16 corresponds to the width of the package into which the material to be pressed is pressed. The stops 15 can be aligned with shims as desired. In this way it can be set how far the filling pressure compressor 4 engages in the press box 3. In some exemplary embodiments, it is advantageous to adjust the stops 15 so that the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 closes an opening between the filling box 2 and press box 3 flush with the inner wall of the press box 3, with a slight play, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, being able to prevent that the finished pressure compressor 6 meets the filling pressure compressor 4 as it moves forward and the pressing process is blocked.

If the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved into the filling box 2 by the filling pressure cylinder 13, the material to be pressed is pushed over the pressure plate 14 into the pressing box 3 and compressed. Material to be pressed, which protrudes upward beyond the filling pressure compressor 4, is cut off at the cutting blades 11 and comes to rest on the filling pressure compressor 4. If the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved out of the filling box 2 again by the filling pressure cylinder 13, then material to be pressed that lies on the filling pressure compressor 4 is stripped into the filling box 2 by the stripper 12.

The press box 3 adjoins one end of the filling box 2 and comprises an end wall 16 and a bottom 17.

Between the filling box 2 and the pressing box 3 there is an opening through which the filling pressure compressor 4 can press material to be pressed from the filling box 4 into the pressing box 3.

The end wall 16 is designed to absorb high forces, so that the material to be pressed can be compressed between the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and the end wall 16.

The intermediate pressure compressor 5 is arranged on an upper side of the press box 3 and comprises stops 18.

The material to be pressed, which is located in the press box 3, is pressed vertically onto the floor 17 by the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and is thus pressed to a height which corresponds to the height of the package.

The intermediate pressure compressor 5 is moved by the intermediate pressure cylinder 19, a hydraulic cylinder, and comprises a pressure plate (not shown) with which the pressure forces of the intermediate pressure compressor 5 are transferred to the material to be pressed, as well as a wear plate (not shown) that prevents wear on the intermediate pressure compressor 5 reduced.

The stops 18 of the intermediate pressure compressor 5 are lined with shims and occur when an end position of the pressure plate of the plane parallel to the bottom 17 is reached Intermediate pressure compressor 5 with a housing of the shear packet press 1 in contact. The end position and thus the height of the package can be adjusted with the shims.

The finished pressure compressor 6 presses the material to be pressed, which is located in the press box 3, horizontally and transversely to the working direction of the filling pressure compressor 4 to a length that corresponds to the length of the package.

The finished printing compressor 6 is moved by the finished printing cylinder 20, a hydraulic cylinder. The final pressure compressor 6 comprises a pressure plate (not shown) with which the pressure forces of the final pressure compressor 6 are transferred to the material to be pressed and which is adapted to the cross section of the package, as well as a wear plate (not shown) which reduces wear on the final pressure compressor 6 .

The finished pressure compressor 6 is switched off via a pressure switch when the material to be pressed is pressed into a package of the desired, variably adjustable length.

The section of the press box 3 in which the fully pressed package is located is the package chamber 21. The package chamber 21 is vertically delimited by the bottom 17 of the press box 3 and by the pressure plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 5. The package chamber 21 is laterally bounded by the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and the opposite end wall 16 of the press box 3 and by the pressure plate of the finished pressure compressor 6 and the door 7 opposite it.

The door 7 can be opened and closed with the door cylinder 22, a hydraulic cylinder, and is used to eject the fully pressed package from the package chamber 21.

In Fig. Lc and ld a detailed view of a mechanical shear blade seat 23 of the shear stacking press 1 is shown.

The shear packer press 1 comprises a mechanical shear blade seat 23, four pocket screws 24, associated lock nuts 25 and a profile-free wear plate 26 for a free cut 27. In addition, two blades 29 are attached to an upper front edge of the filling pressure compressor 4.

The mechanical shear blade seat 23 is attached to the upper edge of the opening between the filling box 2 and the press box 3. The shear blades 11 are mechanically connected to the mechanical shear blade seat 23 via the four pocket screws 24 and the associated lock nuts 25. A lower front edge 28 of the cutting blades 11 is designed as a cutting edge 28.

When the filling pressure compressor 4 presses the material to be pressed out of the filling box 2 into the pressing box 3, excess material of the material to be pressed, which protrude upwards over the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4, is on the cutting edge 28 between the Cutting blades 11 and the blades 29 are separated. The cutting edge 28 is set so that an upper side of the knives 29 is flush with an underside of the shear blades 11, with a slight play, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, preventing the blades 29 from hitting the shear blades 11 as the filling pressure compressor 4 moves forward and so on the cutting process is blocked. The knives 29 can be aligned with shims at will, so that a small play of a few tenths of a millimeter is guaranteed.

After the excess material has been severed at the cutting edge 28, the filling pressure cylinder 13 is extended further so that the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved over the length of the cutout 27.

The profile-free wear plate 26 is mechanically connected to the shear blade seat 23 by means of blind screws. It is advantageous to adjust the non-profiled wear plate 26 so that its underside is not flush with the top of the knife 29, but that a play, for example of a few millimeters, remains between the non-profiled wear plate 26 and the knives 29 in order to prevent the top of the knives 29 hit the non-profiled wear plate 26 as the filling pressure compressor 4 moves forward and the pressing process is blocked. Furthermore, it is advantageous to select the clearance between the non-profiled wear plate 26 and knife 29 so small that when the intermediate pressure compressor 5 is moved into the press box 3, no material to be pressed gets between the non-profiled wear plate 26 and the top of the knife 29 or the filling pressure compressor 4 .

In order to press the material to be pressed into a package, the shear package press 1 known from the prior art requires eight working cycles.

The shear packet press 1 is loaded in the first work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4, the intermediate pressure compressor 5, the finished pressure compressor 6 and the door 7 are in their starting position. The filling pressure compressor 4 has been extended from the filling box 2. The intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the finished pressure compressor 6 are also extended from the press box 3. The door 7 is closed.

The shear packet press 1 is loaded by filling the material to be pressed into the filling box 2 from above.

A first compression step takes place in the second work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4 presses material to be pressed located in the filling box 2 horizontally into the pressing box 3 for pre-compression.

Material to be pressed which protrudes beyond the filling box 2 is cut off by the shearing blades 11 and the blades 29 at the cutting edge 28. The filling pressure compressor 4 remains in the advanced position after the second work cycle.

After the second work cycle, the material to be pressed already has the width of the package, which is given by the width of the press box 3, that is, the distance between the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and the end wall 16.

In Fig. 2, the shear packet press 1 is shown after the second work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4 has moved forward. The intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the finished pressure compressor 6 have moved back. The door 7 is closed.

The shear packet press 1 can continue to be charged, for example via a funnel; the filled material is held up by the filling pressure compressor 4 and only falls into the filling box 2 when the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved back in a later work cycle. The filling box 2 is therefore fed indirectly.

The further work cycles will now be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7.

The second compression step takes place in the third work cycle. The intermediate pressure compressor 5 is moved forward and presses the material to be pressed in the press box 3 for intermediate compression from above to the final package height. The intermediate pressure compressor 5 also remains in the advanced position.

In Fig. 3, the shear packet press 1 is shown after the third work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward. The finished pressure compressor 6 has moved back. The door 7 is closed.

The third compression step takes place in the fourth work cycle. The finished pressure compressor 6 is moved forward horizontally and presses the material to be pressed in the press box 3 to the final package length for final compression. The finished pressure compressor 6 also remains in the advanced position.

After the fourth work cycle, the material to be pressed lies in the package chamber 21 as a finished pressed package with the final dimensions.

The package is enclosed by the pressure plates of the filling pressure compressor 4, the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the finished pressure compressor 6 as well as by the end wall 16 and floor 17 of the press box 3 and the door 7.

In Fig. 4, the shear packet press 1 is shown after the fourth work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward. The finished pressure compressor 6 has been advanced so far that the package is pressed to the desired length. The package is now in the package chamber 21. The door 7 is closed. In the fifth working cycle, the pressure in the filling pressure compressor 4 and in the final pressure compressor 6 and then in the intermediate pressure compressor 5 are relieved.

Simultaneously with the pressure relief of the intermediate pressure compressor 5, the door 7 on the side of the package chamber 21 opposite the finished pressure compressor 6 is opened by means of hydraulic separation. Hydraulic separation means that the pressure relief of the intermediate pressure compressor 6 and the opening of the door 7 take place via hydraulic systems that are independent of one another.

After the fifth work cycle, the package lies in the package chamber 21 without tension.

In Fig. 5, the shear packet press 1 is shown after the fifth work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward, but do not exert any pressure on the package. The finished pressure compressor 6 has advanced to the desired package length, but also does not exert any pressure on the package. The package lies stress-free in the package chamber 21. The door 7 is open.

In the sixth work cycle, the package is ejected from the package chamber 21 through the open door 7 by advancing the finished pressure compressor 6 further.

The package is guided laterally through the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and from above through the pressure plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 5 so that it does not become wedged horizontally or vertically and thereby hinder the ejection process.

In Fig. 6, the shear packet press 1 is shown after the sixth work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward, but are not exerting any pressure. The finished pressure compressor 6 has advanced so far that the package is ejected through the door 7. The door 7 is open.

The finished printing cylinder 20 has moved up to a B-pillar. The B-pillar of a hydraulic cylinder indicates an end position of the cylinder when the cylinder is fully extended, while an A-pillar of a hydraulic cylinder indicates an end position of the cylinder when the cylinder is fully retracted.

After the sixth work cycle, there is a cavity 3a behind the fully advanced finished pressure compressor 6. If the filling pressure compressor 4 were to move back behind the cutting edge 28 at this point in time, then material falling into the filling box 2 could penetrate into the cavity 3a and hinder the lifting movements of the finished pressure compressor 6.

Therefore, in the seventh working cycle, only the finished pressure compressor 6 is partially retracted from the B-pillar in the direction of the A-pillar until the cavity 3a is closed. In Fig. 7 the shear packet press 1 is shown after the seventh work cycle. The filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward. The finished pressure compressor 6 has been moved back so far that no more material can penetrate into the cavity 3 a behind the finished pressure compressor 6. The door 7 is open.

Then, in the eighth work cycle, the filling pressure compressor 4, the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the finished pressure compressor 6 are moved back to their starting positions. The door 7 is also closed.

The filling pressure compressor 4 is retracted and the final pressure compressor 6 retracted over a remaining distance by means of hydraulic coupling, i.e. by means of a predetermined oil transfer, so that the filling pressure compressor 4 and the final pressure compressor 6 are retracted together. The filling pressure cylinder 13 is moved back over the entire distance from a B pillar of the filling pressure cylinder 13 to an A pillar of the filling pressure cylinder 13. The finished printing cylinder 20 is moved back over the remaining distance to the A-pillar of the finished printing cylinder 20.

The intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the door 7, however, are moved back by means of hydraulic separation.

When the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved back, the path for material to be pressed located in a funnel into the filling box 2 is released. Material lying on the filling pressure compressor 4 is stripped off into the filling box 2 on the stripper 12.

After the eighth work cycle, the shear packet press 1 is back in its original state.

The eight work cycles of a known shear packet press 1 run in series and require a lot of time. The shear packing press 1 ensures the packing of easily deformable material and not the packing of high-strength material, since high-strength material cannot be cut at the cutting edge 28.

In the following, an embodiment of a baling press according to the invention is described with reference to FIGS. 8a to 8b, which is designed to produce sufficiently pressed packages without cutting material to be pressed. Although it comprises more hydraulic cylinders than the known shear packer press 1 described above, the packer press according to the invention is designed so that the number of work cycles required to produce a pack, and thus the time required to produce a pack, is not increased compared to the shear packer press 1. Since the packaging press according to the invention does not cut material to be pressed during packaging, it can also be designed for packaging high-strength material that cannot be cut.

Referring now to Figure 8a, there is illustrated a baling press 30 in accordance with the present invention.

For the sake of clarity, only compressors and doors as well as associated hydraulic cylinders are shown in some of the following figures, but no housing of the baling press 30.

The packaging press 30 comprises a filling box 31 and a pressing box 32 as well as a cover plate 33, a filling pressure compressor 34, an intermediate pressure compressor 35, a finished pressure compressor 36 and a door 37.

The filling box 31 comprises a bottom 38 and walls 39 (not shown) and is designed, similar to the filling box 2 of the shear packet press 1, to receive material to be pressed. The filling box 31 is delimited at the bottom by the bottom 38 and by the walls 39 on two opposite sides. One end of the filling box 31, which is not limited by the walls 39, adjoins the press box 32.

The press box 32 comprises a bottom 40 (not shown in Fig. 8a or 8b) and an end wall 41 (not shown in Fig. 8a or 8b). It is bounded by the bottom 40 and on one side by the end wall 41. An end of the press box opposite the end wall 41 adjoins the filling box 31.

An interface between the filling box 31 and the pressing box 32 is designed as an opening through which material to be pressed can be conveyed from the filling box 31 into the pressing box 32.

The cover plate 33 comprises a mechanical connecting element 42 and stops 43. The packaging press 30 also comprises a cover plate cylinder 44, a working piston 45 of the cover plate cylinder 44, a joint 46 of the working piston 45 (not shown in Fig. 8a or 8b), a joint 47 an A pillar of the top plate cylinder 44 and a roller 48.

The cover plate 33 is connected to the working piston 45 of the cover plate cylinder 44 via the mechanical connecting element 42, the mechanical connecting element 42 being fixed to the working piston 45 with a screw connection. The cover plate cylinder 44 is a hydraulic cylinder and can be tilted against the cover plate 33 via the joint 46 of the working piston 45 and can be tilted against a housing of the baling press 30 via the joint 47 on the A-pillar. In addition, the cover plate cylinder 44 is connected to a housing of the baling press 30 via the joint 47 on the A-pillar. The cover plate 33 is a closure plate 33 and delimits an upper side of the filling box 31.

The cover plate 33 is designed to be movable. By extending the working piston 45 out of the cover plate cylinder 44, the cover plate 33 is actuated in a first direction, so that it closes the top of the filling box 31. By moving the working piston 45 into the cover plate cylinder 44, the cover plate 33 is actuated in a second direction, so that it opens the top of the filling box 31.

The roller 48 is rotatably attached to a housing of the baling press 30 and is arranged in a flea Ahl above the cover plate 33.

The filling pressure compressor 34 comprises a pressure plate 49, a wear plate (not shown), stops 50 and knife 51. The baling press 30 further comprises a filling pressure cylinder 52.

The filling pressure compressor 34 is arranged at one end of the filling box 31 which is opposite the opening to the pressing box 32, and can be moved into the filling box 31 with the filling pressure cylinder 52.

The filling box 31 is a working space 31 of the filling pressure compressor 34. The filling pressure compressor 34 is designed as a compressor 34 and can be moved into and out of its working space 31 with the filling pressure cylinder 52.

The pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 is arranged at an end of the filling pressure compressor 34 facing the filling box 31 and is provided to transmit pressure forces from the filling pressure compressor 34 to the material to be pressed.

The wear plate of the filling pressure compressor 34 is attached to the pressure plate 49 in such a way that the material to be pressed does not come into direct contact with the pressure plate 49, but only with the wear plate. In addition, the wear plate is designed so that it can be replaced with relatively little effort. In this way, wear and tear of the filling pressure compressor 34 can be prevented and maintenance of the same can be simplified.

The stops 50 of the filling pressure compressor 34 are arranged at an end of the filling pressure compressor 34 facing away from the filling box 31 and ensure that the pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 reaches an end position that is plane-parallel to the end wall 41 of the pressing box 32. The distance between the pressure plate 49 in the end position and the opposite end wall 41 corresponds to the width of the package into which the material to be pressed is pressed.

The stops 50 can be aligned with shims as desired. In this way it can be set how far the filling pressure compressor 34 engages in the press box 32. In some exemplary embodiments, it is advantageous to adjust the stops 50 so that the The pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 closes the opening between the filling box 31 and the press box 32 flush with an inner wall of the press box 32, with a slight play, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, being able to prevent the finished pressure compressor 36 from hitting the filling pressure compressor 34 as it moves forward and thus the pressing process is blocked.

The knives 51 are arranged at the front on an upper edge of the filling pressure compressor 34. When the cover plate 33 is used, the knives 51 are not used to cut material to be pressed, but rather as floating bearings for the cover plate 33.

The cover plate 33 is arranged above the filling pressure compressor 34 and lies flat on the filling pressure compressor 34 in its starting position. In particular, the cover plate 33 rests flush on the knives 51. If the cover plate 33 and filling pressure compressor 34 have moved completely out of the filling box 31, then an end of the cover plate 33 facing the filling box 31 is flush with an end of the filling pressure compressor 34 facing the filling box 31, or with the pressure plate 49 or the wear plate of the filling pressure compressor 34.

The baling press 30 also comprises a mechanical shear blade seat 53, two Flydraulic pumps 54 with external thread, a profile-free wear plate 55 and stops 56.

The mechanical shear blade seat 53 is arranged in front of the opening to the press box 32 on an upper side of the filling box 31.

Each Flydraulic pump 54 comprises a Flydraulic cylinder with an external thread. Both Flydraulic pumps 54 are screwed with the external threads of their Flydraulic cylinders onto an upper side of the mechanical shear blade seat 53.

The non-profiled wear plate 55 is screwed to an underside of the mechanical shear blade seat 53, with one end of the non-profiled wear plate 55 facing the press box 32 being flush with the interface between the filling box 31 and the press box 32.

The stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 are arranged offset from the mechanical shear blade seat 53 in the direction of the cover plate 33. The distance of the stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 from the border of the filling box 31 to the press box 32 and the distance of the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 from the end of the cover plate 33 facing the filling box 31 are coordinated so that the stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 and the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 meet when the cover plate 33 has advanced so far that the end of the cover plate 33 facing the filling box 31 reaches the boundary between the filling box 31 and the press box 32. In this way it can be ensured that neither the cover plate 33 is too far into the Press box 32 engages and movement of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 hinders too great a distance between cover plate 33 and press box 32, into which material to be pressed can get and reduce the quality of the package or hinder the packaging.

The profile-free wear plate 55 can have a substantially trapezoidal cross section. While an upper side of the non-profiled wear plate 55 runs plane-parallel with the underside of the mechanical shear knife seat 53 and an end face of the non-profiled wear plate 55 facing the press box 32 extends vertically, an underside of the non-profiled wear plate 55 is inclined downwards in the direction of the press box 32, so that the top of the Cover plate 33 is flush with the underside of the profile-free wear plate 55 when the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are fully extended.

The intermediate pressure compressor 35 is arranged above the press box 32. The baling press 30 comprises an intermediate pressure cylinder 57, a hydraulic cylinder with which the intermediate pressure compressor 35 can be moved in the vertical direction. The intermediate pressure compressor 35 comprises a pressure plate 58, a wear plate (not shown) and stops 59.

The pressure plate 58 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is arranged on an underside of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and is designed to transfer pressure forces from the intermediate pressure compressor 35 to material to be pressed, which is located in the press box 32.

The wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is attached to the pressure plate 58 in such a way that the material to be pressed does not come into direct contact with the pressure plate 58, but only with the wear plate. In addition, the wear plate is designed so that it can be replaced with relatively little effort. In this way, wear of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 can be prevented and maintenance of the same can be simplified.

The stops 59 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 are arranged at an end of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 facing away from the press box 32 and ensure that the pressure plate 58 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 reaches an end position that is plane-parallel to the bottom 40 of the press box 32. The distance between the pressure plate 58 in the end position and the opposite bottom 40 corresponds to the height of the package to which the material to be pressed is pressed.

The stops 59 can be aligned with shims as desired. In this way it can be adjusted how far the intermediate pressure compressor 35 engages in the press box 32. The finished pressure compressor 36 is arranged on one side of the press box 32. The baling press comprises a finished pressure cylinder 60, a hydraulic cylinder with which the finished pressure compressor 36 can be moved in the horizontal direction, transverse to the direction of movement of both the filling pressure compressor 34 and the intermediate pressure compressor 35.

The finished pressure compressor 36 comprises a pressure plate (not shown) and a wear plate (not shown).

The pressure plate of the final pressure compressor 36 is arranged on a side of the final pressure compressor 36 facing the press box 32 and is designed to transmit pressure forces from the final pressure compressor 36 to material to be pressed that is located in the press box 32.

The wear plate of the finished pressure compressor 36 is attached to its pressure plate in such a way that material to be pressed does not come into direct contact with the pressure plate, but only with the wear plate. In addition, the wear plate is designed so that it can be replaced with relatively little effort. In this way, wear and tear of the finished pressure compressor 36 can be prevented and maintenance of the same can be simplified.

The finished pressure compressor 36 can be moved into the press box 32 with the finished pressure cylinder 60. As a result, material to be pressed located in the press box 32 can be pressed to a length which corresponds to the length of a fully pressed package.

The finished pressure compressor 36 has no stops. A movement of the

Finished pressure compressor 36 can for example be stopped via a pressure switch when the material to be pressed is pressed to a predetermined length.

The finished pressure compressor 36 is designed so that it can also be moved so far into the press box 32 that a finished compressed package can be pushed out of the press box 32 with the finished pressure compressor 36 on an opposite side of the press box 32.

The door 37 is arranged on a side of the press box 32 opposite the finished pressure compressor 36. In this exemplary embodiment, viewed from the direction of the filling box 31, the finished pressure compressor 36 is arranged on the left and the door 37 on the right of the pressing box 32. In other exemplary embodiments, however, the finished pressure compressor 36 can also be arranged on the right and the door 37 on the left of the press box 32.

The packaging press 30 also comprises a door cylinder 61. The door cylinder 61 is a hydraulic cylinder and is arranged above the door 37. It is designed to be the door 37 to move in the vertical direction. If the door 37 is moved upwards with the door cylinder 61, then it is opened. If the door 37 is moved downwards with the door cylinder 61, then it is closed.

In other exemplary embodiments, the door 37 can also be opened by sliding it in the horizontal direction, by turning it sideways or by opening it.

The door 37 is designed in such a way that it withstands the compressive forces exerted by the finished pressure compressor 36 during normal operation. When the door 37 is closed, material to be pressed located in the press box 32 can be pressed between the finished pressure compressor 36 and the door 37 to a length which corresponds to the length of a finished pressed package. When the door 37 is open, a ready-pressed package located in the press box 32 can be ejected from the press box 32 through the door 37 using the finished pressure compressor 36.

The finished pressure compressor 36 is so long that it completely fills the press box 32 even when it is fully extended in order to eject a package. Thus, behind the final pressure compressor 36, there is no cavity as in the known shear packet press 1, into which material to be pressed could get and prevent the final pressure compressor 36 from moving back.

In Fig. 8b a section of the baling press 30 around the mechanical shear blade seat 53 and a section of the baling press 30 around the mechanical connecting element 42 is shown in a detailed view.

In section A of FIG. 8b, the mechanical shear blade seat 53 is shown. The mechanical shear blade seat 53 is arranged above the filling box 31 at an end of the filling box 31 facing the press box 32. The profile-free wear plate 55 is attached to the underside of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 and is flush with the intermediate pressure compressor 35. The hydraulic pumps 54 with an external thread are screwed onto the upper side of the mechanical shear blade seat 53.

Each hydraulic pump 54 has a working piston 62 which is connected to a piston rod 64 of the hydraulic pump 54 via a joint 63. The working piston 62 can be extended downward by the hydraulic pump 54.

The working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 are guided downwards through bores in the mechanical shear blade seat 53 and in the non-profiled wear plate 55. The hinges 63 enable a lower end of each working piston 62 to be tilted.

If the cover plate 33 has advanced so far that it closes the top of the filling box 31, then the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 can be connected to the working piston 62 the hydraulic pumps 54 are pressed downward. This ensures that the underside of the cover plate 33 rests flush on the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 even if the material to be pressed in the filling box 31 exerts an upward force on the cover plate 33 when the filling pressure compressor 34 moves forward, so that no pressing material reaches between the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the cover plate 33.

The stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 are arranged in such a way that the cover plate 33 aligns itself with them with the aid of the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 as it moves forward so that the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 is flush with the intermediate pressure compressor 35 without moving of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 to hinder.

In section B of Fig. 8b, the mechanical connecting element 42 between cover plate 33 and working piston 45 of the cover plate cylinder 44 is shown.

The mechanical connecting element 42 is fixed to the working piston 45 via a screw connection. The working piston 45 is mounted on the pivot bearing 46, which is connected to a piston rod 65 of the cover plate cylinder 44. The cover plate 33 is fixedly connected to the mechanical connecting element 42 and connected to the cover plate cylinder 44 via the pivot bearing 46 in a tiltable manner.

The roller 48 is arranged above the cover plate 33 such that a height difference between the top of the cover plate 33 and a jacket of the roller 48 assumes a value Ahl when the cover plate 33 rests flat on the filling pressure compressor 34.

The functional principle of a baling press 30 according to the invention with a cover plate 33 is illustrated in FIGS. 9a to 9g.

In Fig. 9a the baling press 30 is shown with the cover plate 33 slightly advanced.

During normal operation of the baling press 30, the cover plate 33 moves forward, for example, while the filling pressure compressor 34, the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the final pressure compressor 36 and the door 37 are in their starting position, and after the filling box 31 has been loaded with material to be pressed.

In the starting position, the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved completely out of the filling box 31, the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the finished pressure compressor 36 are completely moved out of the pressing box 32 and the door 37 is closed. In the filling box 31 there is a suitable amount of material to be pressed for the production of a package. The cover plate 33 is advanced in that the piston rod 65 of the cover plate cylinder 44 is extended. As a result, the mechanical connecting element 42 and consequently the cover plate 33 are pushed in the direction of the press box 32.

In FIG. 9 a, the cover plate 33 protrudes horizontally beyond an upper edge of the filling pressure compressor 34 on which the knives 51 are arranged. As a result, the cover plate 33, which is designed as a closure plate, partially closes the top of the filling box 31.

The cover plate 33 has not yet been extended so far that it tilts downwards. So it still rests on the filling pressure compressor 34 and is aligned parallel to its upper side. The top of the cover plate 33 lies below the jacket of the roller 48 by a height difference Ahl.

The cover plate 33 is guided horizontally by the filling pressure compressor 34 as it moves. Its bottom is flush with the knives 51 and with the top of the filling pressure compressor 34, which prevents material to be pressed from getting between the knives 51 or the cover plate 33 and the top of the filling pressure compressor 34.

In FIG. 9b, the baling press 30 is shown with the cover plate 33 extended a little further. The cover plate 33 closes the top of the filling box 31 only partially here, but more than in Fig. 9a. The cover plate 33 is extended so far that it tilts into an inclined position.

The inclined position of the cover plate 33 is set by the dead weight of the cover plate 33 when a moment of force, the point of application of which is on the cover plate 33 from an edge of the knife 51 in the direction of the press box 32, is greater than a moment of force whose point of application is on the cover plate 33 is seen from the edge of the knife 51 in the direction of the roller 48.

If the cover plate 33 is in an inclined position, then it no longer rests plane-parallel on the filling pressure compressor 34 and is no longer guided horizontally from its upper side when it is moved.

Instead, an end of the cover plate 33 facing away from the press box 32 lifts upward from the filling pressure compressor 34 so far that the top of the cover plate 33 touches the jacket of the roller 48. The roller 48 thus limits the tilting of the cover plate 33 and prevents the cover plate 33 from falling into the filling box 31. Since the cover plate 33 touches the jacket of the roller 48, there is no longer a height difference of Ahl between the cover plate 33 and the roller 48.

When the cover plate 33 is moved further, the cover plate 33 is guided by the roller 48 and the edge of the knife 51, which serve as floating bearings and prevent further vertical displacements of the cover plate 33 and the cover plate 33 from falling into the filling box 31. The cover plate 33 is still guided flush over the edge of the knife 51. This prevents material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the knives 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.

Due to the inclined position of the cover plate 33, the pivot bearing 47 rotates on the A-pillar of the cover plate cylinder 44 by an angle β downwards. In addition, the mechanical connecting element 42 rotates between the cover plate 33 and the working piston 45 through an angle oc. A difference between the angle α and the angle β is compensated for via the joint 46 on the working piston 45 and on the piston rod 65 of the cover plate cylinder 44.

In FIG. 9c, the baling press 30 is shown with the cover plate 33 fully extended. The cover plate cylinder 44 is completely extended. The stops 43 of the cover plate 33 come into contact with the stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 and thus ensure that the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 does not come into mechanical contact with the intermediate pressure compressor 35 when the cover plate cylinder 44 is advanced.

The cover plate 33 can be extended quickly, for example, in order to reduce the time required to close the top of the filling box 31. This can be possible because when the cover plate 33 is advanced, no material to be pressed has to be compressed and the entire power of the cover plate cylinder 44 can therefore be used to move the cover plate 33.

A speed at which the cover plate 33 is moved can be controlled, for example, via a volume of hydraulic fluid (e.g. oil) supplied to the cover plate cylinder 44 per unit of time.

A control of the baling press 30 can, for example, detect a position of the cover plate 33 via distance measuring systems. Shortly before the cover plate 33 reaches an end position, the speed of the cover plate 33 can be reduced in order to prevent the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 from hitting one another at too high a speed.

The control of the baling press 30 can use increased pressures at pressure relief valves to detect when the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shear knife seat 53 come into contact, and then stop the movement of the cover plate 33, for example by no longer supplying hydraulic fluid to the cover plate cylinder 44 becomes.

In a similar way, the movement of the cover plate 33 can also be controlled when the cover plate 33 reaches an initial position. Also a movement of the Filling pressure compressor 34, intermediate pressure compressor 35, finished pressure compressor 36 and / or door 37 can be controlled accordingly when an initial position or an end position is reached.

The stops 43 of the cover plate 33 are adjustable and can be aligned with shims as required. Since the cover plate 33 is inclined by the angle oc in the extended position, the shims are designed in a wedge shape.

The stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 are provided so that the cover plate 33 does not come into contact with the intermediate pressure compressor 35 when it is extended, but can no longer be extended after reaching the end position and thus the pressure of the cover plate cylinder 44 increased, whereby the stroke movement is interrupted via a pressure relief valve.

At the end of the cover plate 33, which faces the press box 32, a trapezoidal wear plate 33a is attached, and the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 are set so that the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 rests on the intermediate pressure compressor 35. A slight play, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, can prevent the cover plate 33 from mechanically transferring a pressure to the intermediate pressure compressor 35 when the cover plate cylinder 44 moves forward.

In order that no material to be pressed gets between an upper edge of the cover plate 33 and the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the intermediate pressure compressor 35, in contrast to the known shear packet press 1, is moved into the press box by a height difference Ah2, so that a height difference Ah3 between an underside of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or A pressure plate 58 and / or a wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35) and an underside of the cover plate 33 is less than a thickness of the cover plate 33. If the thickness of the cover plate 33 is 50 millimeters, for example, then the height difference Ah3 can be 20 millimeters, for example.

As a result, the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 and / or the wear plate 33a attached to it can rest on the intermediate pressure compressor 35 with a slight play, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter.

In this position, the cover plate 33 is no longer guided horizontally over the top of the filling pressure compressor 34. The bottom of the cover plate 33 therefore does not lie plane-parallel on the top of the filling pressure compressor 34. The end of the cover plate 33 facing away from the press box 32 is raised so far from the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 that the The top of the cover plate 33 rests against the jacket of the roller 48 and the difference in height Ahl between the jacket of the roller 48 and the top of the cover plate 33 disappears.

The roller 48 and the edge of the knife 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 serve as floating bearings for guiding the cover plate 33 and prevent vertical displacement of the cover plate 33 and the cover plate 33 from falling into the filling box 31. Because the cover plate 33 is flush over the edge of the knife 51 is guided, material to be pressed is also prevented from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the knife 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.

In FIG. 9 d, the baling press 30 is shown, the cover plate 33 being pressed down with the hydraulic pumps 54.

The hydraulic pumps 54 are extended downwards and controlled via a coupled pressure relief valve. Due to the inclined position of the cover plate 33 by the angle oc, the working pistons 62 incline over the pivot bearings 63 of the hydraulic pumps 54 on contact with the cover plate 33 and assume an end position that is plane-parallel to the top of the cover plate 33, in which they rest flush on the cover plate 33.

In this way, the cover plate 33 is pressed down into the filling box 31 by the hydraulic pumps 54. This prevents material to be pressed located in the filling box 31 from pushing the cover plate 33 upwards and from being able to get between the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the bottom of the cover plate 33.

The hydraulic pumps 54 are coupled via a common pressure relief valve so that an A-pillar of the hydraulic pumps 54 closes and a further extension of the hydraulic pumps 54 is terminated when the pressure applied by the hydraulic pumps 54 reaches a predetermined value.

The cover plate 33 is also guided by the roller 48 and by the edge of the knife 51, which serve as floating bearings and prevent the cover plate 33 from being displaced further vertically or from falling into the filling box 31 when the hydraulic pumps 54 are extended. In addition, the flush termination of the underside of the cover plate 33 with the edge of the knife 51 prevents material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the knife 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.

In Fig. 9e, the baling press 30 is shown with the filling pressure compressor 34 partially advanced.

The filling pressure compressor 34 is moved forward when the cover plate 33 is completely extended and closes the top of the filling box 31 so that no material to be pressed can protrude upward beyond the filling pressure compressor 34. The filling pressure compressor 34 is moved horizontally in the direction of the pressing box 32 into the filling box 31. Material to be pressed located in the filling box 31 is thus pressed horizontally in the direction of the pressing box 32. In addition, the material to be pressed moves upward toward the top plate 33.

The cover plate 33 is also guided by the roller 48 and by the edge of the knife 51, which serve as floating bearings and prevent the cover plate 33 from falling into the filling box 31.

Furthermore, guiding the cover plate 33 flush over the edge of the knife 51 prevents material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the knife 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.

When the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved further into the filling box 31, the cover plate 33 is pushed further upwards out of the filling box 31 by the filling pressure compressor 34 or from the edge of the knife 51. This reduces the inclined position of the cover plate 33 and thus the angles α and β, which are shown in FIG. 9b. A counter pressure on the working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54, which are controlled via a coupled pressure relief valve, also increases. Due to the increased counter pressure, the A-pillar of the hydraulic pumps 54 opens, as a result of which the hydraulic pumps 54 partially yield and retract.

The working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 rotatable via the pivot bearings 63 adapt their inclination to the changed inclined position of the cover plate 33 and continue to rest plane-parallel on the upper side of the cover plate 33.

The height difference between the underside of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or the pressure plate 58 and / or the wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35) and the underside of the cover plate 33, which assumes a value Ah3 when the filling pressure compressor 34 is completely moved out of the filling box 31, as in Fig. 9d shown, now assumes a value Ah4, Ah4 being smaller than Ah3.

In FIG. 9f, the baling press 30 is shown with the filling pressure compressor 34 fully extended.

The cover plate 33 is also guided by the roller 48 and the edge of the knife 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34, which serve as floating bearings. The underside of the cover plate 33 lies flush with the edge of the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34, so that no material to be pressed gets between the cover plate 33 and the top of the knives 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.

The wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 lies, with a slight play of, for example, a few tenths of a millimeter, on a vertical wear plate 35a of the Intermediate pressure compressor 35, so that no material to be pressed gets between the cover plate 33 and the intermediate pressure compressor 35.

By fully extending the filling pressure compressor 34, the inclined position of the cover plate 33 and thus the angles α and β shown in FIG. 9b are reduced. This increases a counter pressure on the working pistons 62 of the Flydraulikpumps 54. The Flydraulikpumps 54 are controlled via a coupled pressure relief valve. When the inclined position of the cover plate 33 is reduced and the resulting increased counterpressure, the A-pillars of the Flydraulic pumps 54 open, so that the Flydraulic pumps 54 move back. The working pistons 62 of the Flydraulikpumps 54 continue to rest plane-parallel on the upper side of the cover plate 33.

The flea difference between the underside of the cover plate 33 and the underside of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or the pressure plate 58 or the wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35), which assumes a value Ah4 when the filling pressure compressor 34 is partially extended, as shown in FIG. 9e, increases when it is fully extended Filling pressure compressor 34 has a value Ah5, Ah5 being less than Ah4.

When the filling pressure compressor 34 is fully extended and is flush with the cover plate 33, there is no play between the top of the cover plate 33 and the underside of the profile-less wear plate 55 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53.

In Fig. 9g, a wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 is shown schematically in a detailed view.

When the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are fully extended, the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 is flush with the filling pressure compressor 34 (or with the knife 51).

The wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 is attached to an end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 via a mechanical screw connection and is trapezoidal due to the angle of rotation oc of the cover plate 33.

The wear plate 33a is trapezoidal because it has a substantially trapezoidal cross section. A top side of the wear plate 33a adjoins the top side of the cover plate 33 in a plane-parallel manner, and the underside of the wear plate 33a adjoins the underside of the cover plate 33 in a plane-parallel manner. As a result, the top and the bottom of the wear plate 33a run plane-parallel to one another. A contact surface of the wear plate 33a with the cover plate 33 runs perpendicular to the top and bottom of the wear plate. An end face of the wear plate 33a, which faces the press box 32, is aligned vertically when the cover plate 33 is moved into its end position. The intermediate pressure compressor 35 comprises a vertical wear plate 35a, which is attached to a side of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 facing the filling box 31.

The end face of the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 and an outside of the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 have a mutually complementary tongue-and-groove profile, as shown in the right part of FIG. 9g. As a result, the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 and the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 engage one another, so that the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 is guided vertically.

The grooves and tongues of the tongue and groove profile can be designed trapezoidal, for example.

In the end position of the cover plate 33, the end face of the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 rests on the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and is separated from it by only a small amount of play, for example a few millimeters. The play enables the cover plate 33 not to impede a movement of the intermediate pressure compressor 35.

When the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is moved into the press box 32, the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 and the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 slide on each other. In this way, the cover plate 33 is guided vertically on the wear plate 35 a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35.

In some exemplary embodiments, this can prevent material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 (or the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33) and the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35).

In this way, a plane-parallel and flush guidance of the cover plate 33 in the vertical direction can be possible.

In Fig. 10, an embodiment of the baling press 30 with means for aligning and securing the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 is illustrated.

So that the filling pressure compressor 34 can be guided so that it cannot tilt, the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 of the baling press 30 is aligned and secured by various components.

Cross members 66 are arranged under the floor 38 of the filling box 31 transversely to the direction of movement of the filling pressure compressor 34 and are connected to the floor 38 by screw connections.

By means of the screw connections, the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 can be adjusted in the vertical direction. In addition, a further cross member 67 is arranged at the end of the filling box 31, which faces the press box 32, which is shown in detail in the lower part of FIG.

The traverse 67 counteracts a tilting moment that can occur when the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved into the filling box 31, and with the help of shims enables the edge of the knife 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34, the cover plate 33 and the profile-free wear plate 55 of the mechanical Shear knife seat 53 in the vertical direction.

So that a position of the edge of the knife 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34, the cover plate 33 and the non-profiled wear plate 55 of the mechanical shear knife seat 53 can be aligned exactly, the cross member 67 is vertically adjusted at both ends with two wedges 68.

The perforated wedges 68 are fixed via a vertical threaded rod 69 with lock nuts 70 and via a horizontal threaded rod 71.

To further secure the bottom 38 of the filling box 31, two pointed square irons 72 are also arranged under the cross member 67. The square irons 72 can each be adjusted via a threaded rod 73 and are fixed with a wedge 74 that belongs to a stand of the baling press 30.

An interaction of the crossbars 66, the crossbar 67, the perforated wedges 68, the vertical threaded rods 69 with lock nuts 70, the horizontal threaded rods 71, the square iron 72, the threaded rods 73 and the wedge 74 enables the filling pressure compressor 34 to be precisely aligned.

In some exemplary embodiments, the filling pressure compressor 34 can be held in a vertical floating state using trapezoidal wear plates and can only be guided horizontally. As a result, in some exemplary embodiments, fewer signs of wear can occur.

11 shows a vertical offset between the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 and the bottom 40 of the press box 32. The bottom 40 of the press box 32 is offset downward relative to the bottom 38 of the filling box 31.

In section A of FIG. 11, a package chamber 75 is illustrated. The package chamber 75 is a section of the press box 32 in which a fully pressed package lies. It is limited by the filling pressure compressor 34 (or by the pressure plate 49 and / or the wear plate of the filling pressure compressor 34), by the end wall 41 of the press box 32, by the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or by the pressure plate 58 and / or the wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35) , from the bottom 40 of the press box 32, from the finished pressure compressor 36 (or from the pressure plate and / or the wear plate of the finished pressure compressor 36) and from the door 37.

Due to the vertical offset of the bottom 40 of the press box 32 with respect to the bottom 38 of the filling box 31, a fully pressed package is guided when it is pushed out. This can prevent the package from becoming wedged during ejection and thereby hindering ejection.

With a package width of 400 millimeters and a package height of 400 millimeters, as in the present exemplary embodiment, the vertical offset between the bottom 40 of the press box 32 and the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 can be, for example, 40 millimeters.

Due to the vertical offset between the bottom 40 of the press box 32 and the bottom section 38 of the filling box 31, the pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 is not required in order to guide the package during ejection.

Therefore, the filling pressure compressor 34 can already be moved back as soon as the package is finished, for example while the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and / or the finished pressure compressor 36 are depressurized and / or while the door 37 is opened.

When the filling pressure compressor 34 moves back, the cover plate 33 initially remains fully extended. As soon as the filling pressure compressor 34 has moved back so far that the cover plate 33 is no longer pressed by the filling pressure compressor 34 against the mechanical shear blade seat 53, the cover plate 33 can be moved back together with the filling pressure compressor 34. The cover plate 33 can be guided by the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.

In the present embodiment, Flydraulik fluid (e.g. Flydrauliköl), which is pressed out of the filling pressure cylinder 52 and out of the door cylinder 61 when the filling pressure compressor 34 and the cover plate 33 are retracted, is not fed back into a hydraulic tank, but by means of hydraulic coupling, i.e. an inevitable predetermined takeover of hydraulic fluid , used for opening the door 37 and for ejecting the package through the finished printing compressor 36, in that it is fed into the door cylinder 61 and the finished printing cylinder 60, respectively.

Correspondingly, in the present case it is possible that parallel to a work step in which the intermediate pressure cylinder 57 and the finished printing cylinder 60 are relieved and the door 37 is opened, the filling pressure cylinder 52 is retracted and the filling pressure compressor 34 is thus moved out of the filling box 31. In addition, it is presently possible that parallel to a work step in which a package is ejected from the package chamber 75 through the door 37 by extending the finished printing cylinder 60 with the finished printing compressor 36, the filling pressure cylinder 52 and the Cover plate cylinder 44 retracted and thus the filling pressure compressor 34 and cover plate 33 are moved back into their starting position.

In the present embodiment, the filling box 31 can be loaded again as soon as the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 have been moved back to their starting position. Since the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are already moved into their starting position while the package is still being ejected from the finished pressure compressor 36, a new loading of the filling box 31 with material to be pressed is already possible when the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the finished pressure compressor 36 and / or the door 37 has not yet moved back into its starting position, for example while the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the finished pressure compressor 36 are still being moved out of the press box 32 and the door 37 is still being closed.

The cover plate 33 can be extended again so that it closes the top of the filling box 31 as soon as the loading of the filling box 31 is complete, even if the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the finished pressure compressor 36 and / or the door 37 have not yet reached their starting position. With the renewed extension of the cover plate 33, a new pressing process begins.

In this way, it can be achieved that the number of packages that can be produced per unit of time with the packaging press 30 according to the invention is not reduced compared to the known shear packaging press 1, although the packaging press 30 requires additional work steps to move the cover plate 33.

In the present exemplary embodiment of a baling press 30, the cover plate 33 prevents the material to be pressed from protruding beyond the filling pressure compressor 34 and having to be cut off. Therefore, the packaging press 30 is also suitable for packaging high-strength material that is too strong to be cut. In this exemplary embodiment, the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 only serve to guide the cover plate 33 and to close the filling pressure compressor 34 flush with the cover plate 33.

In the following, a method according to the invention for packaging deformable material with a packaging press 30 according to the invention is described with reference to FIGS.

The present exemplary embodiment of a method is based on a working clock cycle that is run through repeatedly. In the work cycle, work cycles are carried out one after the other in a predetermined sequence. Each work cycle comprises at least one work step of the baling press 30. In some work cycles, a work step is carried out. In some work cycles, several, for example two or three, work steps are carried out in parallel. In a first work cycle, the baling press 30 is charged with material to be pressed. The cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are in their starting position. The filling pressure compressor 34 has moved completely out of the filling box 31. The cover plate 33 is completely retracted so that the top of the filling box 31 is open and lies flat on the filling pressure compressor 34. Material to be pressed is filled into the filling box 31 from above through the top of the filling box 31.

An exemplary state of the baling press 30 during the first work cycle is shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b, the material to be pressed not being shown for the sake of clarity.

If the baling press 30 has just restarted operation and has run through a first work cycle since it was put into operation, then the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the finished pressure compressor 36 and the door 37 are also in their initial state. The intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the finished pressure compressor 36 have been moved completely out of the press box 32; the door 37 is closed.

If, on the other hand, the baling press 30 has just pressed and ejected a package, i.e. does not run through the first work cycle since commissioning, then the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the finished pressure compressor 36 and / or the door 37 may not have reached their starting position yet. The intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the finished pressure compressor 36 can then still be moved out of the press box 32; the door 37 can still be closed.

When the filling box 31 is fully loaded, a second work cycle of the baling press 30 can be carried out. The filling box 31 is, for example, fully loaded when there is enough material to be pressed in the filling box 31 to produce a package with predetermined dimensions from it.

In the second work cycle of the baling press 30, the cover plate 33 is moved in the direction of the press box 32 in order to close the top of the filling box 31.

The cover plate 33 is pushed by the cover plate cylinder 44 in the direction of the press box 32. In the process, it initially slides flat on the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and then tips down into the filling box 31. The roller 48 prevents the cover plate 33 from falling too far into the filling box 31. The cover plate 33 is thus inclined and is guided by the roller 48 and the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 as it moves further.

An end position of the cover plate 33 is reached when the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 meet and prevent the cover plate 33 from advancing further. Exemplary states of the baling press 30 during the second work cycle are shown in FIGS. 9a to 9d.

Once the cover plate 33 has reached its end position, the top of the filling box 31 is closed and a third work cycle of the baling press 30 can be carried out.

In Fig. 12, a baling press 30 according to the invention is shown during a third work cycle.

In the third working cycle, the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved into the filling box 31 by the filling pressure cylinder 52.

Material to be pressed in the filling box 31 is pushed by the filling pressure compressor 34 into the pressing box 32 and compressed. Because the cover plate 33 closes the top of the filling box 31, the material to be pressed cannot protrude upward beyond the filling pressure compressor 34 and impede a movement of the filling pressure compressor 34. This eliminates the need to cut material to be pressed, so that even high-strength material can be pressed that is too strong to be cut.

In addition, the cover plate 33 rests flush on the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 so that no material to be pressed can get between the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the cover plate 33.

As the filling pressure compressor 34 moves forward, the material to be pressed exerts an upwardly directed compressive force on the cover plate 33. If the cover plate 33 were pressed upwards by this pressure force, a gap would arise between the knives 51 and the cover plate 33 through which the material to be pressed could pass and hinder a movement of the cover plate 33 and / or the filling pressure compressor 34.

In order to prevent this, the cover plate 33 is pressed down by the working piston 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 in this exemplary embodiment. The cover plate 33 rests firmly on the knives 51, and no material to be pressed can get between the cover plate 33 and the knives 51.

When the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved further into the filling box 31, the filling pressure compressor 34 presses the cover plate 33 further upwards, whereby a pressure on the hydraulic pumps 54 is increased. The hydraulic pumps 54 are coupled via a common pressure relief valve, so that the working pistons 62 yield from a predetermined pressure. Thus, the cover plate 33 with the working piston 62 can be pressed down into the filling box 31 without a movement of the filling pressure compressor 34 being hindered. In Fig. 13, the baling press 30 is shown after the third work cycle.

The filling pressure compressor 34 has reached its end position in which it completely fills the filling box 31 and is flush with the boundary between the filling box 31 and the press box 32. The cover plate 33 remains extended and now rests on the filling pressure compressor 34 again. The intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the finished pressure compressor 36 have moved out of the press box 32. The door 37 is closed.

The material to be pressed is located in the press box 32 and is compressed between the filling pressure compressor 34 and the end wall 41 of the press box 32 to a width which corresponds to the width of a finished package.

After the third work cycle, a fourth work cycle of the baling press 30 is carried out.

In the fourth working cycle, the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is moved by the intermediate pressure cylinder 57 down to an end position into the press box 32. The end position is reached when the stops 59 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 touch a housing of the press box 32.

As a result, the material to be pressed is compressed between the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or the pressure plate 58 or the wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35) and the bottom 40 of the pressing box 32 to a height that corresponds to the height of a finished package.

In Fig. 14 the baling press 30 is shown after the fourth work cycle.

The cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 remain extended. Of the

Intermediate pressure compressor 35 has moved into press box 32. The finished pressure compressor 36 has moved out of the press box 32. The door 37 is closed.

After the fourth work cycle, a fifth work cycle of the baling press 30 is carried out.

In the fifth working cycle, the finished pressure compressor 36 is moved by the finished printing cylinder 60 into the press box 32 until the finished pressure compressor 36 adjoins the package chamber 75.

As a result, the material to be pressed is compressed between the finished pressure compressor 36 (or the pressure plate and / or the wear plate of the finished pressure compressor 36) and the door 37 to a length that corresponds to the length of a finished package.

In Fig. 15, the baling press 30 is shown after the fifth work cycle.

Intermediate pressure compressor 35 has moved into press box 32. The finished pressure compressor 36 has moved into the press box 32 as far as the package chamber 75. The door 37 is closed. After the fifth work cycle, a sixth work cycle of the baling press 30 is carried out.

In the sixth work cycle, the pressure in the filling pressure cylinder 52, the intermediate pressure cylinder 57 and the finished pressure cylinder 60 is first relieved. After the pressure relief, the material to be pressed lies as a finished package with the final dimensions in the package chamber 75.

After the pressure has been released, the door 37 is opened by the door cylinder 61, for example by lifting it upwards.

In the present exemplary embodiment, after the pressure has been released, the filling pressure cylinder 52 also begins to move the filling pressure compressor 34 partially out of the filling box 31.

The opening of the door 37 and the partial backward movement of the filling pressure compressor 34 can for example take place simultaneously and by means of a hydraulic coupling. This means that hydraulic fluid (e.g. hydraulic oil) which is pressed out of the filling pressure cylinder 52 when the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved back is supplied to the door cylinder 61 and there causes the door 37 to be opened.

In Fig. 16, the baling press 30 is shown after the sixth work cycle.

The cover plate 33 remains closed and is partially tilted into the filling box 31, an inclined position of the cover plate 33 being determined by the knife 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the roller 48. The filling pressure compressor 34 has partially moved out of the filling box 31. The intermediate pressure compressor 35 has moved into the press box 32. The finished pressure compressor 36 has moved into the press box 32 as far as the package chamber 75. The door 37 is open.

After the sixth work cycle, a seventh work cycle of the baling press 30 is carried out.

In the seventh work cycle, the package is ejected from the package press 30. For this purpose, the finished printing compressor 36 is moved from the finished printing cylinder 60 into the press box 32 at least as far as the door 37. The finished pressure compressor 36 pushes the package out of the press box 32 through the door 37.

In the present exemplary embodiment, in the seventh working cycle, the filling pressure compressor 34 is also moved completely out of the filling box 31 into its starting position by the filling pressure cylinder 52. In addition, the cover plate 33 is moved into its starting position by the cover plate cylinder 44, so that it opens the top of the filling box 31. The cover plate 33 is guided by the roller 48 and the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the package is ejected, the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved back and the cover plate 33 is moved back simultaneously and by means of hydraulic coupling. This means that hydraulic fluid (e.g. hydraulic oil), which is pressed out of the cover plate cylinder 44 and / or the filling pressure cylinder 52 when the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are moved back, is fed to the finished printing cylinder 60, where it causes the finished pressure compressor 36 to continue into the Press box 32 is moved into it.

The filling pressure compressor 34 is not available for guiding the package when the package is ejected, because it is already being moved out of the filling box 31. In order to prevent the package from becoming wedged during ejection and thereby hindering ejection, the package is guided at the vertical offset between the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 and the bottom 40 of the press box 32 during the ejection.

In Fig. 17, the baling press 30 is shown after the seventh work cycle.

The cover plate 33 has been moved back into its starting position so that the top of the filling box 31 is open and lies on the filling pressure compressor 34. The filling pressure compressor 34 is moved out of the filling box 31 into its starting position. The intermediate pressure compressor 35 has moved into the press box 32. The finished pressure compressor 36 has moved into the press box 32 at least as far as the door 37. The door 37 is open. The package is ejected from the package press 30.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the first working cycle is carried out again after the seventh working cycle.

In the first working cycle, the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the finished pressure compressor 36 are moved out of the press box 32 into their starting position; the door 37 is closed.

In addition, the filling box 31 is again charged with material to be pressed. So that no material to be pressed falls behind the finished pressure compressor 36 and hinders the return movement of the finished pressure compressor 36, the finished pressure compressor 36 is made so long that no cavity is created in the press box 32 behind the finished pressure compressor 36.

In some exemplary embodiments, an eighth work cycle is carried out between the seventh work cycle and the first work cycle.

In the eighth work cycle, the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the finished pressure compressor 36 are moved out of the press box 32 into their starting position; the door 37 is closed.

After the eighth work cycle, the first work cycle is carried out. In some exemplary embodiments, the filling box 31 can be charged with material to be pressed both during the eighth work cycle and during the first work cycle. This means that more time is available for loading the filling box 31.

In some exemplary embodiments, for example if the finished pressure compressor 36 is made so short that a cavity can arise in the press box 32 behind the finished pressure compressor 36, the filling box 31 cannot be charged in the eighth work cycle, but only in the first work cycle. This can prevent material to be pressed from getting into the cavity behind the final pressure compressor 36 and preventing the final pressure compressor 36 from moving back.

With the method according to the invention, which has been described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 17, it is possible to press high-strength material that cannot be cut into a package because the material to be pressed does not have to be cut in the method according to the invention.

By executing several work steps simultaneously in one work cycle, it can be achieved that the duration of a work cycle cycle is not increased compared to the known shear packet press 1, although additional work steps are necessary for the movement of the cover plate 33. In some exemplary embodiments, the duration of a work cycle cycle is even shorter than that of the shear packet press 1.

Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a baling press 30 which can be operated in a first operating mode and in a second operating mode.

In the first operating mode, the packaging press 30 works as a shear packaging press. This operating mode is intended for the packaging of easily deformable material which can be cut with the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.

In the first operating mode, the cover plate 33 is not moved but remains in its starting position. Material to be pressed which protrudes from the filling box 31 beyond the filling pressure compressor 34 is cut off by the knives 51.

In the second operating mode, the baling press 30 works as a baling press, which does not cut the material to be pressed but, with the aid of the cover plate 33, prevents the material to be pressed from protruding beyond the filling pressure compressor 34. This mode of operation is intended for packaging high-strength material that cannot be cut and corresponds to the procedure outlined above.

When changing the operating mode of the baling press 30 between the first operating mode and the second operating mode, structural changes to the baling press 30 may be necessary. The baling press 30 can be designed to be convertible so that the structural changes for a change between the first operating mode and the second operating mode are possible. The baling press 30 can be designed in such a way that the structural changes can be carried out with as little effort as possible.

In the following, structural changes to the baling press 30 are described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 20 which may be necessary in some exemplary embodiments when the operating mode is changed between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

FIG. 18 shows the mechanical shear knife seat 23 of the known shear packaging press 1 in order to illustrate structural differences between the known shear packaging press 1 and the packaging press 30 according to the invention.

On an underside of the mechanical shear blade seat 23, the shear blades 11 are screwed with the blind bolts 24 and the associated lock nuts 25. In addition, a wear plate 26 is attached to the underside of the mechanical shear blade seat 23.

The shear blades 11 are provided for cutting off material to be pressed which protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor 4. The wear plate 26 is provided to prevent the material to be pressed from protruding behind the shear blades 11 again over the filling pressure compressor 4.

The shear packet press 1 also has two guide strips 10 and a stripper 12.

The guide strips 10 are provided for horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 4.

The scraper 12 is provided to scrape material to be pressed, which lies on the upper side of the filling pressure compressor 4, into the filling box 2. Material to be pressed, which is cut off at the cutting edge 28 between the cutting blades 11 and the blades 29, remains on the upper side of the filling pressure compressor 4 and is stripped off by the scraper 12 into the filling box 2 when the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved back.

19 shows the mechanical shear knife seat 53 of the baling press 30 with the structural changes for the first operating mode, in which the baling press 30 is operated as a shear baling press.

Shear blades 76 are mounted on the underside of the mechanical shear blade seat 53. The shear blades 76 are fastened to the mechanical shear blade seat 53 with pocket screws 77 and corresponding lock nuts 78.

The height of the shear blades 76 is selected so that material to be pressed, which protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor 34, on the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the Shear blades 76 is cut off. For example, the height of an underside of the shear blades 76 can correspond to the height of an upper side of the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.

On the underside of the mechanical shear blade seat 53, a washer plate 79 is also attached, to which a profile-free wear plate 80 is attached.

The hydraulic pumps 54 remain mounted on the mechanical shear blade seat 53. They are not required in the first operating mode. Their working pistons 62 are therefore retracted and are covered by the washer plate 79 and / or by the non-profiled wear plate 80.

The shim 79 compensates for the vertical position of the mechanical cutter seat 53.

The non-profiled wear plate 80 enables a free cut behind the shear blades 76. Since the filling pressure compressor 34 is only moved horizontally along the underside of the non-profiled wear plate 80, the non-profiled wear plate 80 has a horizontal underside and consequently a rectangular cross-section. The underside of the non-profiled wear plate 80 ends vertically flush with the underside of the shear blades 76. A play of 1 to 1.2 millimeters, for example, can prevent the non-profiled wear plate 80 from hindering a movement of the filling pressure compressor 34.

A height difference between the underside of the non-profiled wear plate 80 or the shear blades 76 and the upper side of the filling pressure compressor 34 can be achieved with the crossbars 66, the crossbar 67, the perforated wedges 68, the vertical threaded rods 69 with lock nuts 70, the horizontal threaded rods 71, the square iron 72 , the threaded rods 73 and / or the wedge 74 from FIG. 10 can be adjusted.

For the first mode of operation 31 guide strips are also mounted on the top of the filling box, which correspond to the guide strips 10 of the known shear packet press 1. This ensures that the filling pressure compressor 34 is guided horizontally.

The cover plate 33 is not moved in the first operating mode. It remains in its starting position and is fixed there with four rope hooks. Two rope hooks are attached to an end of the cover plate 33 facing away from the press box 32 and hold it in suspension. Two rope hooks are attached to an end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 and aligned so that this end is flush with the top of the filling pressure compressor 34.

The cover plate 33 can, for example, have eyelets which are provided for receiving the rope hooks. At the end of the cover plate 33, which faces the press box 32, mechanical scrapers are mounted that strip the material to be pressed from the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 into the filling box 31 when the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved out of the filling box 31. Material to be pressed can get onto the top of the filling pressure compressor 34, for example, if it protrudes over the filling pressure compressor 34 when the filling pressure compressor 34 is extended and is cut off by the knives 51 and the shear blades 76.

In FIG. 20, the mechanical shear knife seat 53 of the baling press 30 is shown with the structural changes for the second operating mode, in which the baling press 30 is operated as a baling press with a cover plate 33.

When the packaging press 30 is operated in the second operating mode, the mechanical shear blade seat 53 has no shear blades 76. Accordingly, the blind bolts 77 and the lock nuts 78 are not attached to the mechanical shear blade seat 53 either. The shim 79 and the non-profiled wear plate 80 are also not mounted. The non-profiled wear plate 55 with a trapezoidal cross-section is mounted on the underside of the mechanical shear blade seat 53. The working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 are not covered and can be extended.

The underside of the non-profiled wear plate 55 is higher than the underside of the non-profiled wear plate 80 so that the cover plate 33 fits between the filling pressure compressor 34 and the mechanical shear knife seat 53.

In the second operating mode, the baling press 30 has no guide strips for the horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34. The horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34 is provided by the cover plate 33.

In the second operating mode, the baling press 30 also has no scrapers, because in the second operating mode no material to be pressed is cut and therefore no material to be pressed reaches an upper side of the filling pressure compressor 34.

Accordingly, the following structural changes are necessary for a change between the first operating mode and the second operating mode of the baling press.

In order to switch from the second operating mode to a first operating mode, the profile-free wear plate 55 must be removed. The shear blades 76 with the blind bolts 77 and the lock nuts 78 are screwed onto the mechanical shear blade seat 53. In addition, the shim 79 and the non-profiled wear plate 80 are screwed onto the mechanical shear blade seat 53. The cover plate 33 is fixed by four rope hooks and provided with mechanical strippers. At the top of the filling box 31 guide strips for horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34 are attached.

In order to switch from the first operating mode to the second operating mode, the profile-free wear plate 80, the washer plate 79, the lock nuts 78, the blind bolts 77 and the shear blades 76 are removed from the mechanical shear blade seat 53. The profile-free wear plate 55 is screwed onto the mechanical shear blade seat 53.

The mechanical scrapers and the four rope hooks are removed from the cover plate 33. The guide strips for the horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34 are also removed. The baling press 30 can be designed so that the structural changes for a change between the first operating mode and the second operating mode of the baling press 30 can be carried out with as little effort as possible.

As a result, the packaging press 30 can be used both as a packaging press for packaging high-strength material that cannot be cut, and as a shear packaging press for packaging easily deformable material that can be cut.

REFERENCE LIST

1 shear packaging press SdT

2 filling box SdT

3 Press box SdT 3a cavity behind FeDV SdT

4 filling pressure compressors (FüDV) SdT

5 intermediate pressure compressor SdT

6 finished pressure compressor (FeDV) SdT

7 door SdT 8 floor filling box SdT

9 walls filling box SdT

10 guide rails SdT

11 cutter SdT

12 Wiper SdT 13 Filling pressure cylinder SdT

14 Pressure plate FüDV SdT

15 stops filling pressure compressor SdT

16 end wall press box SdT

17 Bottom press box SdT 18 Intermediate pressure compressor stops SdT

19 intermediate pressure cylinder SdT

20 finished printing cylinder SdT

21 Parcel Chamber SdT

22 Door cylinder SdT 23 Mechanical knife seat SdT

24 pocket screws SdT

25 lock nuts SdT 26 wear plate SdT

27 Free cut SdT

28 cutting edge SdT

29 Messer SdT 30 baling press

31 filling box (FK)

32 press box (PK)

33 cover plate

34 Filling pressure compressor (FüDV) 35 Intermediate pressure compressor (ZDV)

36 finished pressure compressor (FeDV)

37 door

38 floor FK

39 walls FK 40 floor PK

41 front wall PK

42 Mechanical connection element cover plate and working piston from the cover plate cylinder

43 Cover plate stops 44 Cover plate cylinder

45 working piston cover plate cylinder

46 Joint working piston cover plate cylinder

47 A-pillar joint

48 roller 49 pressure plate FüDV

50 notices FüDV

51 knives FüDV 52 pressure cylinder

53 Mechanical knife seat

54 hydraulic pumps

55 Profileless wear plate (trapezoidal) 56 stops for shear blade seat

57 intermediate impression cylinder

58 ZDV pressure plate

59 ZDV notices

60 finished printing cylinder 61 door cylinder 62 working piston hydraulic pump

63 Joint working piston hydraulic pump

64 piston rod hydraulic pump

65 piston rod cover plate cylinder 66 cross members

67 Traverse at the end of the FK

68 perforated wedges

69 vertical threaded rod

70 lock nuts 71 horizontal threaded rod

72 pointed square irons

73 threaded rods square iron

74 wedge

75 Parcel Chamber 76 Shear Knife

77 pocket screws

78 lock nuts Base plate Profileless wear plate (rectangular)

Free cut

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims 1. A packaging press (30) for packaging deformable material, comprising: a compactor (34) and a closure plate (33) which delimits one side of a working space (31) of the compactor (34); wherein the packaging press (30) is designed in such a way that the closure plate (33) closes the side of the working space (31) when actuated in a first direction and opens in a second direction, and that the compressor (34) along the closure plate (33) can be moved into the working space (31).

2. Packing press (30) according to claim 1, wherein one edge of the compressor (34) is flush with the closure plate (33).

3. Packing press (30) according to claim 2, wherein an end of the closure plate (33) facing away from the compressor (34) engages in the work space (31) on the closed side of the work space (31) and from the compressor (34) out of the work space (31 ) is pushed out when the compressor (34) is moved into the working space (31).

4. Packing press (30) according to claim 3, further comprising a working piston (62) which is designed to move the end of the closure plate (33) facing away from the compressor (34) into the working chamber (31) when the working chamber (31) is closed. to press.

5. baling press (30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the closure plate (33) is designed as a cover plate (33) which delimits an upper side of the working space (31).

6. Packing press (30) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compressor (34) is designed as a filling pressure compressor (34) and the working space (31) as a filling box (31).

7. Packing press (30) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a press box (32) and a guide section, wherein the press box (32) adjoins the work space (31), wherein the compressor (34) to the press box (32) in the work space (31) can be moved into it, and wherein the guide section is provided for guiding a package along a boundary between the work space (31) and the press box (32).

8. Packing press (30) according to claim 7, wherein the guide section is formed by a vertical offset between a floor (40) of the press box (32) and a floor (38) of the working space (31).

9. A method for packaging deformable material with a packaging press (30) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising:

Actuation of the closure plate (33) in the first direction so that the closure plate (33) closes the working space (31), and

Moving the compressor (34) along the closure plate (33) into the working space (31).

10. The method according to claim 9 with a baling press (30) according to one of claims 7 and

8, further comprising:

Moving the compressor (34) into the working space (31) up to the press box (32), pressing a package in the press box (32),

Ejecting the package from the press box (32), moving the compressor (34) back out of the working space (31) and

Actuation of the closure plate (33) in the second direction, so that the closure plate (33) opens the side of the working space (31), whereby the ejection of the package, the moving back of the compressor (34) and / or the actuation of the closure plate (33) overlap in time in the second direction and wherein the package is guided on the guide section during ejection.