EP4006944A1 - Switchable electrical connection system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disconnectable electrical connection system capable of electrically connecting a first connector (11) of a first member and a second connector (21) of a second member, comprising:- a connection element (3) comprising a first contact zone ( 31) with the first connector (11) and a second contact zone (32) with the second connector (21), and having a first configuration in which the connection element (3) places the first connector (11) in electrical continuity and the second connector (21), and on the other hand a second configuration in which the connection element (3) does not put them in electrical continuity- a retention device (4) comprising a fuse element (45) having a melting temperature, to release the connection element (3) when the temperature of the fuse element (45) exceeds the melting temperature.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to the field of systems comprising automatically disconnectable parts. It can particularly apply to electrical power supply devices comprising at least one electrical energy storage unit, such as a battery. It finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of the supply of electrical energy for devices powered by lithium-ion batteries. However, other technologies of units, able to be disconnected, are concerned; it may for example be systems comprising units having an electrical function other than the single function of storing electricity. For example, they may be systems comprising one or more electric motors or electric generators.

STATE OF THE ART

A multitude of devices are electrically powered by electrical power supply devices comprising electrical energy storage units, such as batteries, and in particular lithium-ion batteries. During the life of a device, malfunctions of storage units may occur. A storage unit can more particularly experience overheating, or even thermal runaway, during which the temperature of the unit rises abnormally. There is then a risk of propagating the operating fault in the electrical power supply device, for example from the storage unit to other units, or even to the rest of the device.

In order to limit this, there are power supply devices aimed at electrically isolating the storage unit during an operating fault. It is particularly known from the state of the art, fuse devices in which each storage unit is connected to a busbar by a fuse wire. When a fuse wire exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature following an excessive current level, the fuse wire melts and electrically disconnects the corresponding storage unit from the busbar.

In addition, various electrical switching systems make it possible to electrically isolate a defective storage unit, by means of electronic or electromagnetic actuators. It is in particular known from the state of the art of electrical power supply devices in which an electromagnetic actuator has an electrical connection configuration of the storage unit and an electrical disconnection configuration of the storage unit. The change from the connection configuration to the disconnection configuration of the actuator can be activated by the temperature, for example during an overheating of the storage unit. The actuator has an effect on a pack of storage units, so when a cell is defective, a plurality of them is systematically deactivated. And this involves temperature sensors that are penalizing in terms of cost and reliability and necessarily limited in terms of detection finesse, because they are necessarily localized.

These devices remain in practice limited to slowing down the propagation of an operating fault.

The figures 1A and 1B also show an example of a fuse device suitable for equipping electrical appliances. The Figure 1A provides an example of a first configuration of this device, configuration in which electrical continuity is ensured along the device. A first, upper part comprises a spring 81 held compressed between a fusible base 82 and a plate 83 which is itself applied to a conductive rod 84 extending in a second, lower part of the device. In this situation, the device conducts electricity.

The figure 1B gives a second configuration of this device, the latter having then tripped due to temperature rise. Indeed, the fuse base 82 has melted and no longer produces its effect of compressing the spring 81. The latter is relaxed and, in opposition to the second spring 85, the plate 83 is raised, so that there is no longer contact with the rod 84, and therefore more electrical continuity along the device.

Although operating purely mechanically, such a device is not free from drawbacks. Firstly, the mass of fusible material is high, to the detriment of the tripping speed, the thermal inertia being high. Creep of the fusible part is also possible. Thus, this device does not exclude an absence of triggering despite the temperature being exceeded beyond the planned threshold. Secondly, this device is complex and implements a plurality of parts in the contact zones which are as many electrical loss surfaces.

The document US 2019/148099 A1 describes for example an assembly comprising a thermal fuse acting as an electrical connector below a threshold temperature and a role as a disconnection system when this same threshold temperature is reached. More precisely, the thermal fuse is made up of solder joints which, below the threshold temperature, hold a connection element against a support by gluing. This assembly has the disadvantage of imposing a large portion of thermal fuse so that the latter effectively maintains the connection element against the support when the temperature is below the threshold temperature and therefore potentially of presenting problems related to inertia. temperature and creep previously mentioned.

In general, there is a need to improve the disconnection of an electrical component relative to another electrical component when limit temperature conditions are exceeded.

An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a system, in particular for the power supply, but not only, improving the disconnection of an electrical component during a malfunction which results in a temperature rise beyond of a threshold temperature.

The other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a review of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It is understood that other benefits may be incorporated.

ABSTRACT

• un élément de raccordement comprenant une première zone de contact avec le premier connecteur et une deuxième zone de contact avec le deuxième connecteur, l'élément de raccordement présentant d'une part une première configuration dans laquelle l'élément de raccordement est apte à mettre en continuité électrique le premier connecteur 11 et le deuxième connecteur, et d'autre part une deuxième configuration dans laquelle l'élément de raccordement ne met pas en continuité électrique le premier connecteur et le deuxième connecteur, l'élément de raccordement étant déformable élastiquement de sorte à être déformé dans la première configuration et de sorte à ne pas être déformé ou moins déformé dans la deuxième configuration ;
• un dispositif de rétention comprenant au moins un élément fusible présentant une température de fusion, le dispositif de rétention étant configuré pour maintenir l'élément de raccordement dans la première configuration lorsque la température de l'élément fusible est en dessous de la température de fusion, et pour libérer l'élément de raccordement lorsque la température de l'élément fusible franchit la température de fusion de sorte à le placer dans la deuxième configuration.

To achieve this objective, according to a first aspect, a disconnectable electrical connection system is provided capable of electrically connecting a first connector of a first electrical component and a second connector of a second electrical component different from the first electrical component, said system comprising :

• a connection element comprising a first zone of contact with the first connector and a second zone of contact with the second connector, the connection element having on the one hand a first configuration in which the connection element is able to electrical continuity between the first connector 11 and the second connector, and on the other hand a second configuration in which the connecting element does not bring the first connector and the second connector into electrical continuity, the connecting element being elastically deformable so to be deformed in the first configuration and so as not to be deformed or less deformed in the second configuration;
• a retention device comprising at least one fuse element having a melting temperature, the retention device being configured to maintain the connection element in the first configuration when the temperature of the fuse element is below the melting temperature, and to release the connection element when the temperature of the fuse element exceeds the melting temperature so as to place it in the second configuration.

Advantageously, the connection element is elastically deformable in bending with a bending deformation stress applied by the retention device in the first configuration by pressing on the connection element.

While depending on the case of the fuse shown in figures 1A and 1B , the fuse element is a bulky portion, it is here proposed to have a retention device which advantageously comprises a potentially more localized fuse element thanks to the bending work, therefore with a reduced quantity of fusible material. This promotes a reduction in thermal inertia and creep phenomena. In addition, tripping to trip can be sudden because the balance of the first configuration is quickly broken.

Advantageously, improved electrical contacts are also preferably allowed, with a reduction in losses by heating, as occurs in the case of figures 1A and 1B by the presence of intermediate parts, such as bearing plates on the helical spring.

In the case of accumulators, a malfunction of a unit, for example overheating or thermal runaway, can be propagated in particular by thermal conduction, and/or by electrical connections, for example between electricity storage units. of the same floor. Additionally, if a storage unit remains in operation during a malfunction, gases may be ejected from the unit and spread to attack other storage units.

The storage unit can be electrically disconnected from the carrier. Operation of the unit can thus be stopped in the event of overheating, or even thermal runaway.

Preferably, in the second configuration, the at least one unit is in a state of less thermal connection with the support, and the at least one unit is not electrically connected to the support. Thus, the main propagation vectors of an operating fault in the device, or even in the apparatus comprising it, are cut off.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus comprising at least one system according to the first aspect. One of the electrical components can be used for the electrical supply and the device incorporating it can include at least one component electrically powered by the other component.

Another aspect relates to a method for disconnecting a first electrical component and a second electrical component. Beyond a fusion temperature of a fusible element, a blocking of movement is released, hitherto operated by a retention device, so as to authorize a movement of a connection element which hitherto put in electrical continuity a first connector present on the first member and a second connector present on the second member. Advantageously, this movement of the connecting element includes changing its shape by springing back to a non-bending or less bending-stressed position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

• La figure 1A est une première vue d'un dispositif selon l'état de la technique, en configuration de conduction électrique.
• La figure 1B et une deuxième vue de ce dispositif dans une deuxième configuration, de disjonction électrique.
• La figure 2 représente un premier mode de réalisation, dans lequel le système n'est pas encore en continuité avec le deuxième organe électrique, l'élément de raccordement n'étant pas au contact de ce dernier.
• La figure 3 représente une configuration du premier mode de réalisation, correspondant à une première configuration dans laquelle il y a continuité électrique entre un premier organe et un deuxième organe grâce au système.
• La figure 4 représente ce même mode de réalisation dans la deuxième configuration dans laquelle il n'y a plus continuité électrique entre le premier organe et le deuxième organe.
• La figure 5 représente un détail du système dans la configuration de la figure 2.
• La figure 6 représente une variante de la figure précédente.
• La figure 7 représente une autre variante de la figure 5.
• La figure 8 représente une autre variante de la figure 5.
• La figure 9A donne une illustration en vue de profil d'un deuxième mode de réalisation.
• La figure 9B est une vue de dessus d'un élément de raccordement utilisable dans le deuxième mode de réalisation.
• La figure 10 représente un troisième mode de réalisation.
• La figure 11A représente une variante du troisième mode de réalisation.
• La figure 11B représente un cas de deuxième configuration correspondant au mode de réalisation de la figure 11A.
• La figure 12 représente un exemple de circuit électrique mettant en œuvre l'invention et dans lequel tous les systèmes sont dans la première configuration.
• La figure 13A représente un autre exemple de circuits électriques, dans laquelle tous les systèmes sont dans la première configuration.
• La figure 13B représente le cas de la figure précédente, avec un système dans la deuxième configuration.
• La figure 14A représente un autre mode de réalisation du système, illustré dans la première configuration.
• La figure 14B représente le mode de réalisation de la figure précédente, dans la deuxième configuration.
• La figure 15A représente un autre mode de réalisation, dans la première configuration du système.
• La figure 15B représente le mode de réalisation de la figure précédente, dans la deuxième configuration.
• La figure 16 représente une courbe d'évolution du module d'élasticité d'un matériau utilisable pour l'élément fusible en fonction de la température.

The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

• The Figure 1A is a first view of a device according to the state of the art, in electrical conduction configuration.
• The figure 1B and a second view of this device in a second configuration, of electrical disjunction.
• The figure 2 represents a first embodiment, in which the system is not yet in continuity with the second electrical member, the connecting element not being in contact with the latter.
• The picture 3 represents a configuration of the first embodiment, corresponding to a first configuration in which there is electrical continuity between a first member and a second member thanks to the system.
• The figure 4 represents this same embodiment in the second configuration in which there is no electrical continuity between the first member and the second member.
• The figure 5 represents a detail of the system in the configuration of the picture 2 .
• The figure 6 represents a variant of the previous figure.
• The figure 7 represents another variant of the figure 5 .
• The figure 8 represents another variant of the figure 5 .
• The figure 9A gives an illustration in side view of a second embodiment.
• The Figure 9B is a top view of a connecting element usable in the second embodiment.
• The figure 10 represents a third embodiment.
• The figure 11A represents a variant of the third embodiment.
• The figure 11B represents a case of second configuration corresponding to the embodiment of the figure 11A .
• The figure 12 represents an example of an electrical circuit implementing the invention and in which all the systems are in the first configuration.
• The Figure 13A represents another example of electrical circuits, in which all systems are in the first configuration.
• The Figure 13B represents the case of the previous figure, with a system in the second configuration.
• The Figure 14A shows another embodiment of the system, illustrated in the first configuration.
• The Figure 14B represents the embodiment of the previous figure, in the second configuration.
• The figure 15A represents another embodiment, in the first configuration of the system.
• The figure 15B represents the embodiment of the previous figure, in the second configuration.
• The figure 16 represents a curve of evolution of the modulus of elasticity of a material usable for the fuse element as a function of temperature.

The drawings are given by way of examples and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the scale of practical applications. In particular, the relative dimensions of the device and the system are not representative of reality.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

• le dispositif de rétention 4 comprend un organe allongé de maintien de l'élément de raccordement 3 en une position déformée dans la première configuration, l'organe allongé comprenant l'élément fusible 45 ; ainsi le dispositif de rétention peut comporter, ou consister en, un organe allongé, en ce sens qu'il présente une dimension longue selon la direction de reprise d'effort de flexion (ou pour lequel le vecteur force de reprise de la flexion par l'organe a une composante pour le moins majoritaire selon sa dimension longitudinale). Il peut s'agir d'un bras ou d'une bague comme on le verra plus loin. Au moins dans une section longitudinale (correspondant à sa forme dans un plan défini par sa dimension longitudinale et une autre dimension), la dimension longitudinale est la plus grande; si l'organe a la forme d'une bague, pour le moins l'épaisseur de la bague est inférieure à la dimension longitudinale. Cet organe est typiquement plus haut que large. Par exemple, il a une dimension longitudinale supérieure à au moins l'une de ses autres dimensions, par exemple au moins trois fois supérieure, voire au moins 10 fois.
• Il est ainsi possible que l'organe allongé présente une dimension longitudinale au moins trois fois supérieure à au moins une autre de ses dimensions ;
• l'organe allongé présente éventuellement une dimension longitudinale telle que, dans la première configuration, la composante selon la dimension longitudinale d'une force d'exercice de la contrainte de déformation en flexion soit au moins majoritaire ;
• le dispositif de rétention 4 peut comprendre un bras 41 qui forme au moins en partie l'organe allongé. Le bras 41 est ainsi un organe de maintien de l'élément de raccordement 3 en une position déformée dans la première configuration, le bras 41 comprenant l'élément fusible 45. De préférence le bras a une dimension longitudinale supérieure à ses autres dimensions, par exemple au moins trois fois supérieure, voire au moins 10 fois ; et cette direction longitudinale est celle de reprise de l'effort de flexion ; le bras est ainsi relativement petit ou de faible section par rapport à sa fonction mécanique ; il dispose d'une faible inertie thermique s'il est en matériau fusible lui-même, ou peut être tenu dans la première configuration par un élément fusible de taille réduite (comme un point de colle fusible, ou avec une zone fusible de section sensiblement égale à celle du bras). Le bras 41 peut avoir une section transversale circulaire ;
• le bras 41, ou l'organe de maintien allongé en général, s'applique sur une zone 37 de l'élément de raccordement 3 qui est intermédiaire entre une extrémité distale 33 et une extrémité proximale 34 de l'élément de raccordement 3. On préserve ainsi une capacité de déformation en flexion à un bout du bras, pour son application souple sur l'un des organes.
• le bras 41 comporte deux portions 42a, 42b de bras jointes par l'élément fusible 45. Cette solution peut ne mettre en oeuvre qu'une petite quantité de matière fusible.
• la deuxième zone de contact 32 comprend une extrémité distale 33 de l'élément de raccordement 3.
• la première zone de contact 31 comprend une extrémité proximale 34 de l'élément de raccordement 3. L'élément 3 peut donc être un élément s'étendant entre les deux organes.
• Eventuellement, l'une des extrémités de l'élément 3 est fixée sur l'un des deux organes et le reste aussi bien dans la première configuration que dans la deuxième.
• l'au moins un élément fusible est isolant électriquement.
• l'au moins un élément fusible présente une température de fusion inférieure ou égale à 120°C (et de préférence à 100°C) ; la température de fusion peut être comprise entre 60°C et 120°C.
• l'élément de raccordement 3 comprend au moins une lame flexible.
• Il y a une pluralité de lames présentant chacune une extrémité proximale et une extrémité distale, les extrémités proximales étant jointives par une portion de jonction 36, la portion de jonction 36 étant fixée sur le premier organe, l'élément fusible 45 comprenant un élément de contre-appui sur une zone de chacune des lames 35 dans la première configuration, la zone étant située hors de l'extrémité proximale.
• le système comprend alternativement une pluralité de lames 35 présentant chacune une extrémité proximale et une extrémité distale, les extrémités proximales étant jointives par une portion de jonction 36, l'élément fusible 45 étant configuré pour coller la portion de jonction 36 sur le premier organe dans la première configuration.
• Le système comprend un élément de contre-appui sur une zone de chacune des lames 35 dans la première configuration, la zone étant située hors de l'extrémité proximale.
• la au moins une lame 35 comporte une extrémité distale 33 apte à être ancrée au deuxième organe et une extrémité proximale 34 apte à être appliquée sur le premier connecteur 11 dans la première configuration, l'élément fusible 45 étant configuré pour solidariser l'extrémité proximale 34 et le premier connecteur 11.
• Le système comprend une pluralité de lames (35), l'élément fusible (45) étant configuré pour solidariser toutes les lames (35) et le premier connecteur (11) dans la première configuration et pour libérer toutes les lames (35) dans la deuxième configuration.
• l'au moins un élément fusible 45 est à base de polyoléfine.
• éventuellement, l'élément fusible est configuré de sorte que la température de fusion soit comprise entre une température de surchauffe et une température d'emballement thermique de l'au moins une unité de stockage,
• la température de fusion peut-être comprise entre 60°C et 120°C.le système comprend un troisième connecteur 7, et l'élément de raccordement 3 est configuré pour mettre en continuité électrique le deuxième connecteur 21 et le troisième connecteur 7 dans la deuxième configuration, et est configuré pour ne pas mettre en continuité électrique le deuxième connecteur 21 et le troisième connecteur 7 dans la première configuration.
• le premier organe électrique est l'un parmi une unité 1 de stockage d'énergie électrique et un support 2 de l'unité, et dans lequel le deuxième organe électrique est l'autre parmi l'unité 1 de stockage d'énergie électrique et le support 2 de l'unité 1.
• l'unité 1 comprend une face avant 13 en regard d'une face du support 2 dans la première configuration, une face arrière 14 opposée à la première face et une paroi latérale 15 joignant la face avant et la face arrière ;
• le support 2 comprend un circuit imprimé ;
• l'appareil comprend une pluralité d'unités.
• dans un mode de réalisation, le support comprend un circuit imprimé, et plus particulièrement un système de contrôle de batterie (communément abrégé BMS, de l'anglais Battery Management System).

Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, purely optional characteristics are set out below which may possibly be used in combination or alternatively:

• the retention device 4 comprises an elongate member for holding the connection element 3 in a deformed position in the first configuration, the elongate member comprising the fuse element 45; thus the retention device may comprise, or consist of, an elongated member, in the sense that it has a long dimension according to the direction of recovery of the bending force (or for which the force vector of recovery of the bending by the organ has a component that is at the very least majority according to its longitudinal dimension). It can be an arm or a ring as we will see later. At least in a longitudinal section (corresponding to its shape in a plane defined by its longitudinal dimension and another dimension), the longitudinal dimension is the greatest; if the member has the shape of a ring, at least the thickness of the ring is less than the longitudinal dimension. This organ is typically taller than it is wide. For example, it has a longitudinal dimension greater than at least one of its other dimensions, for example at least three times greater, or even at least 10 times.
• It is thus possible for the elongated member to have a longitudinal dimension at least three times greater than at least one other of its dimensions;
• the elongated member optionally has a longitudinal dimension such that, in the first configuration, the component along the longitudinal dimension of a force for exerting the bending deformation stress is at least predominant;
• the retention device 4 may comprise an arm 41 which at least partially forms the elongated member. The arm 41 is thus a member for holding the connection element 3 in a deformed position in the first configuration, the arm 41 comprising the fuse element 45. Preferably the arm has a longitudinal dimension greater than its other dimensions, for example at least three times higher, or even at least 10 times; and this longitudinal direction is that of recovery of the bending force; the arm is thus relatively small or of small cross-section relative to its mechanical function; it has low thermal inertia if it is made of fusible material itself, or can be held in the first configuration by a fuse element of reduced size (such as a point of fusible glue, or with a fusible zone of section substantially equal to that of the arm). Arm 41 may have a circular cross-section;
• the arm 41, or the elongate holding member in general, bears on a zone 37 of the connecting element 3 which is intermediate between a distal end 33 and a proximal end 34 of the connecting element 3. thus preserves a capacity for deformation in flexion at one end of the arm, for its flexible application on one of the organs.
• the arm 41 comprises two arm portions 42a, 42b joined by the fusible element 45. This solution may only use a small quantity of fusible material.
• the second contact zone 32 comprises a distal end 33 of the connecting element 3.
• the first contact zone 31 comprises a proximal end 34 of the connection element 3. The element 3 can therefore be an element extending between the two members.
• Optionally, one of the ends of the element 3 is fixed to one of the two members and remains so both in the first configuration and in the second.
• the at least one fuse element is electrically insulating.
• the at least one fuse element has a melting temperature of less than or equal to 120° C. (and preferably 100° C.); the melting temperature can be between 60°C and 120°C.
• the connecting element 3 comprises at least one flexible blade.
• There are a plurality of blades each having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal ends being joined by a junction portion 36, the junction portion 36 being fixed to the first member, the fuse element 45 comprising a counter-support on a zone of each of the blades 35 in the first configuration, the zone being located outside the proximal end.
• the system alternately comprises a plurality of blades 35 each having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal ends being joined by a junction portion 36, the fuse element 45 being configured to bond the junction portion 36 to the first member in the first setup.
• The system includes a counter-bearing element on a zone of each of the blades 35 in the first configuration, the zone being located outside the proximal end.
• the at least one blade 35 has a distal end 33 capable of being anchored to the second organ and a proximal end 34 capable of being applied to the first connector 11 in the first configuration, the fuse element 45 being configured to secure the proximal end 34 and the first connector 11.
• The system comprises a plurality of blades (35), the fuse element (45) being configured to secure all the blades (35) and the first connector (11) in the first configuration and to release all the blades (35) in the second setup.
• the at least one fuse element 45 is based on polyolefin.
• optionally, the fuse element is configured so that the melting temperature is between an overheating temperature and a thermal runaway temperature of the at least one storage unit,
• the melting temperature may be between 60°C and 120°C. the system comprises a third connector 7, and the connection element 3 is configured to bring the second connector 21 and the third connector 7 in the second configuration, and is configured so as not to place the second connector 21 and the third connector 7 in the first configuration in electrical continuity.
• the first electrical member is one of an electrical energy storage unit 1 and a support 2 of the unit, and wherein the second electrical member is the other of the electrical energy storage unit 1 and support 2 of unit 1.
• the unit 1 comprises a front face 13 facing one face of the support 2 in the first configuration, a rear face 14 opposite the first face and a side wall 15 joining the front face and the rear face;
• support 2 comprises a printed circuit;
• the apparatus includes a plurality of units.
• in one embodiment, the support comprises a printed circuit, and more particularly a battery control system (commonly abbreviated BMS, from the English Battery Management System ).

In the rest of the description, the term “on” does not necessarily mean “directly on”. Thus, when it is indicated that a part or a member A is resting "on" a part or a member B, this does not mean that the parts or members A and B are necessarily in direct contact with each other. with the other. These parts or members A and B can either be in direct contact or be supported one on the other via one or more other parts. The same is true for other expressions such as for example the expression "A acts on B" which can mean "A acts directly on B" or "A acts on B via one or more other parts ". The expression "A is electrically connected with B" can mean that A is directly connected to B or else indirectly via another element, for example via a fuse or a switch.

The term mobile corresponds to a rotational movement or to a translational movement or else to a combination of movements, for example the combination of a rotation and a translation.

The term “united” used to qualify the connection between two parts means that the two parts are linked/fixed with respect to each other, according to at least one degree of freedom. For example, if it is indicated that two parts are integral in translation along a Y direction, this means that the parts can be movable relative to each other, possibly according to several degrees of freedom, excluding the freedom in translation along the Y direction. In other words, if we move a part along the Y direction, the other piece makes the same move.

By melting temperature is meant a temperature level from which a material passes from the solid state to the liquid state. This temperature threshold is well defined for a given material, the pressure conditions being little variable and therefore impacting the temperature at the margin. In general, it will be possible to choose a material whose melting temperature corresponds to a safety threshold temperature from which an electrical disconnection of the electrical component is required.

An element “based” on a material A is understood to mean an element comprising this material A only or this material A and possibly other materials. For example, the element comprises a material A and an envelope configured to contain the element A, the envelope being able to be formed of at least one material distinct from the material A.

A parameter "substantially equal/greater/less than" a given value means that this parameter is equal/greater/less than the given value, to within plus or minus 10%, or even within plus or minus 5%, of this value.

In the detailed description which follows, use may be made of terms such as “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “front”, “rear”, “interior”, “exterior”. These terms should be interpreted relatively in relation to the relative position of the components of the power device. The “longitudinal” direction may in particular correspond to the main direction of the relative movement of the storage unit with respect to the support. The “longitudinal” direction may also correspond to the main extension direction of the storage unit.

"Internal" means the elements or faces facing the interior of the device, and "external" means the elements or faces facing the exterior of the device. According to one example, the storage unit having a central axis A, “internal” designates the elements or the faces facing this axis, and “external” designates the elements or the faces facing away from this central axis.

First, general indications are given on the functionalities and on certain components of the system and of the apparatus of the invention.

The illustrations provide exemplary embodiments of the invention in relation to electrical energy storage units. However, it is recalled that this application is not limiting. Other electrical applications are possible, in particular for the connection and disconnection of components such as motors or generators. The embodiments detailed here can be transposed mutatis mutandis to any other electrical application.

More particularly, in the case of electrical storage, the device comprising the system of the invention can be configured to be electrically powered by a lithium-ion battery whose unit or units form the cells.

In this electrical energy storage application, the system comprises one or even several storage unit(s) 1. The storage units 1, in the case of electrical energy storage, form elementary bricks of electrical storage, also called accumulators or cells. These units can be connected in parallel and/or in series to form a power supply assembly, commonly referred to as a battery module. A set of modules connected in series or in parallel generally constitutes a battery pack, of higher voltage and capacity.

The following operation is described on a non-limiting basis for a storage unit 1 forming a first electrical component. The system further comprises a support 2, forming a second electrical member, configured to be electrically connected to the storage unit 1. It further comprises that there is preferably a physical connection of the storage unit 1 to bracket 2

An operating fault may more particularly be overheating, or even thermal runaway. The system is therefore more particularly configured to electrically disconnect the storage unit 1 according to its temperature.

When the temperature in the system, and more particularly the temperature of the storage unit 1, is below the threshold temperature, the system is in an active situation, that is to say it is a conductor of electricity so as to put the first member and the second member (typically a storage unit and its support) in electrical continuity.

• la conduction thermique par les conducteurs électriques du système,
• la conduction thermique par les pièces structurelles du système, par exemple son support 2,
• une propagation électrique, par exemple un défaut de court-circuit interne d'une unité de stockage peut se transformer en défaut de court-circuit externe pour les unités du même étage,
• la convection naturelle,
• la convection forcée des gaz éjectés par une unité de stockage en défaut,
• les projections de composés chimiques; le rayonnement et les départs de feu issus de l'unité de stockage en défaut.

During the malfunction, one of the components, such as the storage unit 1 of an electrical power supply device, may overheat. Conventionally, when a storage unit 1 is electrically connected to its support 2, this fault can propagate in the system, or even to the rest of the device. The main fault propagation vectors, for example between different storage units 1, are:

• thermal conduction by the electrical conductors of the system,
• thermal conduction by the structural parts of the system, for example its support 2,
• electrical propagation, for example an internal short-circuit fault of a storage unit can turn into an external short-circuit fault for the units on the same floor,
• natural convection,
• forced convection of gases ejected by a faulty storage unit,
• splashes of chemical compounds; radiation and fire outbreaks from the faulty storage unit.

During the operating fault, the temperature of the storage unit 1 can rise above a threshold temperature from which it is desired to trigger an electrical disconnection of the unit. For this triggering, the system comprises at least one fuse element, having a predefined melting temperature, and which can be thermally connected to the storage unit 1, by direct contact or via the environment between the fuse element and the storage unit. By thermal conduction and/or convection and/or radiation, the temperature of the fuse element can in turn rise above its melting temperature which here corresponds to the threshold temperature triggering a deformation movement of a connecting element then passing into a second configuration in which there is no longer any electrical continuity between unit 1 and support 2.

Storage unit 1 is not electrically connected to support 2 in the second configuration. Thus, the operation of the storage unit 1 can be interrupted in the event of overheating. The risk of propagation of the operating fault by short-circuit, or by ejection of gas from the faulty storage unit, is thus avoided. As these gases are generally corrosive in nature, their risk of emission into the system is minimized.

Due to the electrical disconnection, the system is secure. Thus, the risk of overheating of the faulty storage unit spreading to other storage units 1 or to other elements of the system is limited.

Preferably, the melting temperature is greater than or equal to a maximum normal operating temperature of the unit 1. This temperature is the threshold from which one is overheated. The threshold temperature may be greater than or equal to the overheating temperature, or even the thermal runaway temperature of the storage unit 1. More preferably still, the melting temperature is between the overheating temperature and the temperature of thermal runaway of the storage unit. Thus, the disconnection of the storage unit is performed before its thermal runaway. Advantageously, the melting temperature is below 120°C, preferably below 100°C. The melting temperature can for example be substantially between 60° C. and 120° C., this range of temperatures being particularly suited to the example in which the storage units are lithium-ion batteries. The melting temperature can for example be substantially equal at 80°C.

It should be noted that in systems where the fuse element is made up of welds, it is mainly the increase in the temperature of the welds themselves and of the connection element 3, linked to the passage of current in these elements. , which can cause the fuse element to melt. The temperature at which the fuse element reacts is therefore more local and is less representative of the temperature of the element to be protected, unit 1. In the systems described in the present invention, the fuse element is mainly sensitive to variations thermics of unit 1, the element that we seek to protect. The present invention therefore has the advantage of proposing a trippable system that trips only when there is a risk of damage to the unit 1.

The support 2 comprises at least a second connector 21, the latter being complementary to a first connector 11 of the unit. In the presence of several units, the second connectors of support 2 can be connected in series and/or in parallel by a power bus (designated in English by “ busbar ”) of support 2. A power bus generally consists of a set of bars or conductive tracks on a printed circuit, for example copper. Note that the connectors 21 of the support 2 can be connected in series and/or in parallel by any type of power network. They are here simply schematized in the form of organs passing through the support.

Note that the nature and dimensions of the connectors and electrical conductors of the system can be adapted to correspond to the nominal and maximum currents that can be delivered by the storage unit(s) 1.

According to one example, the support 2 comprises a power bus, for example a busbar. We will see that, according to the example illustrated in figure 10 , the support 2 comprises a power bus in the form of a printed circuit, for example a battery management system (commonly abbreviated BMS, English for “ Battery Management System ”). The power supply device thus makes it possible to increase the functionalities of a BMS, and in particular to allow passive securing of a BMS.

The impact of the faulty storage unit 1 on the rest of the device 1, or even of the apparatus, can thus be minimized. This exemplary embodiment is particularly suitable for stationary or on-board electrical power supply devices of large size.

The embodiments illustrated in figures 2 to 16 are now described in more detail.

In the first example provided to the picture 2 , the unit 1 is in the form of an elongated element, for example cylindrical, and comprising a front face 13, a rear face 14 opposite the front face 13, and, between these two faces, a wall 15. In the case in this case, the rear face carries a pad which forms a second connector 12 corresponding to a positive pole of the storage unit 1 while the front face carries a conductive surface which forms a first connector 11 corresponding to the negative polarity of the 'unity.

Of course, the system of the invention can be applied just as well to an electrical disjunction of a positive pole or of a negative pole of a unit or of any other electrical component. Optionally, both poles can be equipped with a system.

In the situation of the figure 2 , a connection element 3 is attached to the front face 13 of the unit (for example by gluing or by welding) so as, ultimately, to put it in electrical continuity with a support 2, in the situation visible at picture 3 . Thus, the figure 2 corresponds for example to a situation before assembly of the unit 1 on its support 2. In this situation, the connecting element 3 projects from the face 13 towards the outside of the unit 1 and has a proximal end 34 which can serve as a contact zone 31 with the corresponding electrical pole of the unit 1, and a distal end 33 that can serve as a contact zone 32 with the support 2.

The connecting element 3 has an extension along which it is deformable in bending. In one embodiment, the connecting element 3 comprises, or consists of, at least one blade. For example, the blade can be in the form of a foil which is an easy arrangement to implement for electric accumulators. For example, the blade may be made of an electrically conductive material, in particular based on copper or nickel-plated steel. In the example of the figure 2 , the element 3 is secured to the face 13 of the unit 1 by a base 5 which is optionally in one piece and preferably made from a single material with the element 3. Typically, the latter is presented in the shape of an elongated element having a folding zone corresponding to the proximal end 34 between a portion forming the base 5 and a portion forming the connection element 3 itself. Preferably, base 5 is conductive and electrically connected to element 3. With the bending zone, the assembly has a V-shape. In this figure, element 3 is effectively deformed. Indeed, the angular sector formed by the V profile is more open than in a rest position of the element 3. To maintain the element 3 in this separated position relative to the base 5, a retention device 4 is placed implemented. In each of the embodiments described below, the retention device 4 imposes a pressing force on the connecting element 3 having the effect of causing contact by pressure of the connecting element 3 with the first connector 11 on the one hand and the second connector 21 on the other hand. The electrical contact is therefore ensured by the mechanical support of two conductive surfaces - the surfaces of the connection element 3 and of the first connector 11 on the one hand, and of the connection element 3 and of the second connector 21 on the other hand - , these two surfaces not being structurally linked.

A more structural description of element 3 and device 4 will be given with reference to different options and detailed views provided to figures 5 to 8 notably.

It will be noted that the initial assembly of the system on the unit 1 is not limiting; on the other hand, the system of the invention can be secured to the support 2 rather than to the unit.

In the case of the figure 2 , the retention device 4 is stressed in compression to oppose an elastic return of the connecting element 3. It can be used to form a triangulated assembly between the element 3, the device 4 and a fixed point with respect to one of the electrical organs.

Advantageously, the retention device 4 exerts its support on the intermediate element 3 on an intermediate zone of the latter, between the distal end 33 and the proximal end 34. This arrangement makes it possible to preserve an additional freedom of elastic deformation of the element 3 in a portion comprising its distal end 33. Thus, in the situation of the picture 3 , the system cooperates this time also with a second electrical member, in the form of support 2. This cooperation comprises a support of a contact zone 32 of the element 3 (here at its distal end 33) with a face of the support 2. Preferably, this cooperation takes place by deforming the connecting element 3 between the zone of the latter where the retention device 4 is applied and the distal end 33, so as to produce an elastic support of the distal portion of element 3 on the face of support 2.

The picture 3 does not present in detail the configuration of the support 2 which, as indicated previously, can be an element connected or integrated into a connection bus of a plurality of energy storage units. It may be a printed circuit board, and the support 2 typically includes a connector at which the electrical connection is made by the system comprising the connection element 3.

We understand that the configuration of the picture 3 , here also called first configuration, corresponds to a normal operating situation of the device, in the sense that the first electrical member and the second electrical member are electrically connected by the connecting element 3. In particular, in the case of a first member in the form of a storage unit 1, this is a configuration in which the unit 1 provides an electrical power supply or is electrically recharged.

In summary, in the first position presented to the picture 3 , unit 1 is electrically connected. This situation can however be thwarted in the event of an excessive rise in temperature. To this end, the retention device 4 comprises, or consists of, a fusible element which has a melting temperature ensuring the (preferably irreversible) collapse of the mechanical resistance of the retention device when the melting temperature is exceeded; the term "cross" means a temperature of the fuse element from and beyond this melting temperature from a lower temperature.

The figure 4 provides an illustration of a second configuration in which unit 1 and carrier 2 are electrically disconnected. To this end, the retention device 4 no longer performs its retention function in the bent position of the connecting element 3 and the latter folds back in the direction of the unit, so that the second contact surface 32 does not is no longer applied to the face of support 2.

The figure 5 shows in more detail the layout of the electrical connection system of the invention in the configuration of the picture 2 . The cooperation of the connecting element 3 with the retention device 4 takes place on a support zone 37 of the element 3 located intermediately between the distal end 33 and the proximal end 34 of the element. 3, and this cooperation takes place with one end 44 of the retention device 4, for example in the form of an arm 41 comprising a longitudinal extension between the end 44 and an opposite end 43. The latter is retained at the level of the face 13 of the unit; in the illustration, by way of indication, this retention is effected by a stop portion 51 of the base 5 to which the element 3 is connected. The stop 51 is configured to produce a second point of force application on the device 4, so as to maintain it even though the element 3 imposes a constraint on it tending to fold this element 3 into the undeformed position.

Optionally, at the distal end of the element 3, the latter comprises a curved portion which can optimize the electrical contact with the connector of the support 2. According to one possibility, the device 4 comprises, or even consists of, a piece of a fusible material. Thus, when the melting temperature is exceeded, this part melts and no longer performs the retention function.

A variant is given to the figure 6 in which the retention device comprises an arm 41 in two parts, namely a first arm portion 42a applied to the abutment 51 and a second arm portion 42b applied to the bearing zone 37 of the connecting element 3. The two portions 42a, 42b are joined by a fuse element 45. This time, it is the junction normally ensured by the element fuse 45 between the two portions 42a, 42b of arm 41 which will melt in an abnormal temperature situation. The effect is identical to the previous case, namely a release of the connection element 3 and an electrical disconnection of the unit from the support 2.

The figure 7 provides an additional variant in which the fuse element 45 is a junction portion between an end 43 of the arm 41 and an area for mounting the arm 41 on the unit 1. As in the case of the figure 5 , on the other side, the arm 41 is applied to the support zone 37 of the connection element 3. It will be understood that when the fuse element 45 melts, the stop function that it operates on the arm 41 disappears and the connecting element 3 is released, so that the system joins its second configuration, in which there is an electrical trip. The preferably beveled shape of the connection zone between 42a and 42b facilitates the separation of these portions under the force applied by the element 3.

A variant not shown consists in providing, as an alternative or in addition to the case of the figure 7 , a fuse element 45 securing the connection of the second end 44 of the arm 41 with the connecting element 3.

Another variant, presented at the figure 8 , is close to the embodiments of the figures 2 to 7 in that the retention device 4 comprises an arm. However, this time, the base 5 is more elongated on the face 13 of the unit 1, so as to improve or facilitate the mounting of the system on this face 13. The mounting surface is in fact increased. For example, this can be useful to allow an electric welding head to pass through to ensure the electrical and mechanical connection between unit 1 and connection element 3.

As seen above, the connection element 3 can be in the form of a blade deformed from a bending zone, for example secured to the first electrical member, at a first end of the blade. It is possible to use a plurality of blades 35 as in the case of figures 9A and 9B . It may in fact be desirable to increase the contact surface between the connection element 3 and at least one of the first electrical member and the second electrical member. In these figures, these contacts are numerous and each has a contact pressure ensured by the elasticity of the connection element 3, for example to increase the allowable currents. It is thus possible to adapt the number of contacts to the current to be conveyed by limiting the voltage drop and therefore the losses.

To this end, the Figure 9B presents an example of electrical connection element 3 in top view. It comprises a plurality of blades 35, extending radially from a junction zone 36 of a proximal end 34 of each of the blades 35. Optionally, the blades 35 are regularly distributed over a given angular sector, preferably over an angular sector of 360°, like flower petals.

Such an element 3 can cooperate with the support 2 and the unit 1 as shown in the figure 9A : the junction portion 36 is secured to the face 13 of the unit 1 for example by one or more assembly points 39, in particular electric or laser welding. At the same time, a zone of each blade, intermediate between the proximal end 34 and the distal end 33, is applied to a counter-support element, which can be in the form of an arm 41, and which is here fuse so as to form the fuse element 45, and which protrudes from the face 13. The fuse counter-support element 45 can for example also be a ring, circular or not. As for the arm defined in the previous figures, this ring is advantageously significantly elongated in the direction in which it bears on the blade, relative to its thickness. The difference in height produced between the attachment point and the reaction zone of the fusible counter-support element 45 deforms each of the blades 35 in bending. Being thus curved, the distal end 33 of each blade 35 straightens towards the face of the support 2 so as to make electrical contact with the latter. Preferably, the blades are evenly distributed over the circumference and the ring is left free. The composition of the support forces results in a longitudinal stressing of the ring, therefore according to its largest dimension. The first configuration of the system is thus carried out.

It is understood that if the fuse element against abutment 45fond, the plurality of blades no longer forms a curved assembly and is no longer in contact with the face of the support 2. This resumption of a form of rest eliminates contact with the support 2. The fusion of any point of the ring opens the ring which then no longer performs the function of counter-support for the blades.

In the preceding examples, the first connector 11 was located on the face 13 of the unit. The embodiment shown in figure 10 is another arrangement in which the electrical continuity is effected by a first contact zone 31 of the element 3 on the side wall 15 of the unit, which is then an electrical conduction element, forming the first connector 11 , corresponding to a polarity of the storage unit. The distal end 33 is connected to a first connector 21 of the support 2. Typically, this could be the negative polarity. In this context, it is advantageously the face 14 of the unit 1 which faces the face of the support 2, so as to achieve, directly through the support 2, the electrical connection of the second connector 12 of the unit with a connector 22 of the support 2. The shape of the connectors 21, 22 illustrated is purely schematic.

In this situation, the connecting element 3 therefore extends around the unit, for example with at least one blade. In the configuration of the figure 10 , the connecting element 3 comprises a plurality of blades 35 applied to the side wall 15 at separate locations. According to one possibility, at least two blades 35 are present and diametrically opposed around the unit. Advantageously, more than two blades are present and distributed around the unit, and preferably regularly distributed angularly around the unit. The plurality of lugs having a spring function makes it possible to ensure a plurality of electrical contacts in parallel during a maintained contact pressure. This ensures a very low parasitic resistance making it possible to pass the current levels of the storages in particular based on lithium-ion accumulators.

It will be noted that the figure 10 also illustrates the ability for carrier 2 to connect a plurality of units. This can be done by the same side of the support 2.

Each blade 35 of the embodiment of the figure 10 has a distal end 33 connected to a first connector 21 of the support 2. The first connector 21 can be a track of a printed circuit or any other electrically conductive portion. Optionally, the distal end 33 can be anchored in the support 2. Each blade 35 extends from the face of the support 2 towards the unit 1 so that the proximal end 34 of each blade 35 is arranged facing the side wall 15 of the unit. As before, advantage is taken of a bending deformation of each strip 35 to fold them against the side wall 15. They are held there by a fusible element 45. 15. Optionally, the blades 35 can be replaced by a single deformable portion in the form of a deformable crown in bending; or the blades 35 can be integral with a common crown-shaped base.

Optionally, the fuse element 45 may be common to several blades 35. For example, it may be an annular member traversing the periphery of the unit to surround the blades thereon. Preferably, fuse element 45 is an unbonded ring. It is preferably subjected to a longitudinal tensile force therefore according to its largest dimension due to its retention of the blades. Merging any point in the ring releases all of the blades. Optionally, the side wall 15 may have a recess 16, for example in the form of a groove, and each blade 35 may have a notch 38 capable of being inserted into the recess 16. An obstacle relationship can thus be formed between each blade 35 and unity. This can strengthen the bond between these two pieces. This situation is represented in the figure 10 , corresponding moreover to the first configuration of the system of the invention.

A transition to the second configuration takes place during the melting of the fuse element(s) 45. The released blades then have a natural tendency to move away laterally from the wall 15 so that there is no longer contact the unit and the connection element 3.

The variant presented at the figure 11A and at the figure 11B differs little from the previous case. A lateral cooperation (and here also by obstacle) is always formed there between the blades 35 and a part of the surface 15 of the unit 1. Here, the fuse element 45 is placed at another place, preferably close to the distal end of the blades 35 to limit the moment of force necessary for fixing by the fusible part, located here far from the point of bending of the blade 35. Such a positioning ensures a constant controlled pressure on all the contact points electric. Preferably, the elasticity of the blades makes it possible to insert the unit 1 at the end of an assembly process.

Indeed, the fuse element 45 can be made in the form of a ring which maintains the blades 35 by default in the deformed position so as to delimit an insertion volume of the unit. This annular fuse element 45 can be received in a recess, preferably formed by crimping, on the blade or blades 35 making it possible to retain the ring on one side and forming an effective contact zone on the wall 15 of the unit of the other side.

The support is for example made up of a printed circuit board and the blades can be simply soldered (for example with tin) or fixed in a traversing manner on the latter. On insertion, each blade deforms slightly until the unit comes into the first position. Preferably, in this situation, the cooperation of a recess 16 of the unit with a notch 38 of the blade blocks the assembly.

For applications to storage units, at least the embodiments illustrated in figure10 and at the figure 11A have the advantage that all the units are in the same direction and not mounted head to tail as is often the case in battery packs made from small cylindrical accumulators. In addition, all the vents for evacuating internal gases in the event of overpressure are located on the same side, which simplifies the design of the circuit for evacuating these gases outside the battery pack,

The accumulators can be put in place by insertion before or after the placement of the part 45 and the blades 35 and according to the elasticity of the latter. The presence of a groove at the level of the wall 15 of an accumulator corresponds to a standard for certain cylindrical accumulators; this groove comes from the manufacturing process and we take advantage of it here for another need. Such grooves 15 exist on small cylindrical accumulators, for example of 18650 or 21700 format, that is to say 18 mm (respectively 21 mm) in diameter and 65 mm (respectively 70 mm) long. For these accumulators, the positive terminal 11 is fitted with an insulating peripheral seal ensuring the electrical insulation of the terminal 11 with respect to the case 17 and the sealing of the accumulator, and the terminal provided with its seal is crimped in the housing 17. The groove 15 is a result of this crimping operation, to provide support for the seal.

Thus, the figure 11B gives an example of the deployment of the blades 35 breaking the unit. The fuse element 45 has previously released the blades by its melting. This mechanism is similar to that of figure 10 .

As regards the material of the fuse element or elements, it is possible to opt for an insulating material. Indeed, in an electrical application, the electrical connection in the first position is made at the level of the connection elements 11, 12 and not at the level of the fuse element(s). Using an insulating material has the advantage in this context of avoiding any problem linked to the differences in electrical potential between the elements in contact with the retention system.

These materials have the advantage of having a low melting temperature compared to the materials usually used in fuse systems. Advantageously, a melting temperature of the material of the fuse element(s) of between 60 and 120°C is chosen. These temperatures have the advantage of being compatible with the temperatures that can be tolerated by the various elements of the system and in particular unit 1.

Preferably, a material belonging to the group of polymers is chosen. This group is characterized by its richness and allows great flexibility in the choice of the melting temperature of the material for making the fuse element. This group is also characterized by its richness in terms of deformation and resistance properties, and thus confers great freedom with regard to the shape of the fusible element.

Among the polymers, it is possible in particular to use polyethylene. The solid-to-liquid transition temperature can be adjusted by the density and the implementation process of this material, for example between 70 and 80°C. Polyethylene has long molecules and the phase transition is not very marked in temperature. To have a smoother transition, smaller molecules can be used, for example to form a fusible adhesive. In this context, the figure 16 provides an example of mechanical behavior of polyolefins, which are polymers of alkenes, as a function of temperature. Around 80°C, the Young's modulus of this material collapses, reflecting the phase transition.

In an application to lithium-ion batteries, the maximum temperature in normal operation is typically of the order of 60° C., while the temperature of the first reaction leading to runaway of the battery is of the order of 100° C. C, so that the melting temperature of the material forming the fuse element is in this case well positioned between these two values.

In view of the preceding description, it clearly appears that the invention proposes a system improving the electrical disconnection of a unit during an operating fault, and minimizing the contact resistances with respect to existing solutions.

The figure 12 is an illustration of the circuiting of a plurality of first electrical components, here in the form of units 1. Circuit 6 comprises a plurality of units connected in parallel between a first terminal 61 and a second terminal 62 of circuit 6 which is typically organized on the second electrical member, and in particular on a support 2. For each unit, a system 63 of disconnectable electrical connection is implemented. It is understood from the configuration illustrated that if the system 63 trips, the corresponding unit is deactivated while leaving the other units operational.

The figures 13A and 13B give another circuit illustration 6, but this time the units are connected in series. As in the case of the previous figure, each unit is associated with a system 63. Advantageously, to allow continuity of service when a unit is deactivated by switching to the second configuration of a system 63; the system 63 in question is configured to place its connecting element 3 in a configuration ensuring that the circuit is maintained closed for the other units. Thus, while the Figure 13A shows that all units are active, one of them has been deactivated in the case of the Figure 13B . At the same time, the circuit is configured to short-circuit the faulty unit and directly connect the two units between which the faulty unit is located.

In all cases, it will be noted that the first electrical component may itself be formed of a plurality of elementary components, for example a plurality of electricity storage units. For example, a disconnectable connection system can be connected to a power line of a set of units, for example a battery pack.

To implement the continuity of service mentioned above, with particular reference to the figures 13A and 13B , we now successively give examples of implementation.

In the case of the Figure 14A , a connection element 3 is mounted on a support 2 at one end and it is applied at its other end to a connector 11 of a unit 1. A retention device 4, for example in the form of a fuse arm, is arranged so as to retain the element 3 in the electrically deformed position resting on the connector 11. In the case of an energy storage unit, it is understood that a flow of current can take place between two terminals 61, 62 of an electrical circuit thus formed.

The Figure 14B corresponds to the second configuration of the system, the retention device 4 no longer having effect. Connector 11 of unit 1 is no longer connected to it and the unit is disconnected. On the other hand, in electrical continuity with the second terminal 62 of the circuit, a third connector 7 is, in this second configuration, in contact with the connection element 3. Thus, the connection element 3 is configured to be applied to the third connector 7 in the second configuration. This leads to a direct connection of the terminals 61, 62 corresponding to a short-circuiting of the unit itself.

The previous solution is particularly suitable in cases where the connecting element is arranged between one of the faces of the unit and one of the faces of the support.

In situations where connecting element 3 extends laterally relative to the unit, a preferred arrangement is shown in figures 15A and 15B . This time, a third connector 7 is arranged so that the connecting element 3, for example in the form of a blade 35, is framed on one side by the side wall 15 of the unit 1 and, on the other side, by the third connector 7. The figure 15A shows the system of the invention in its first configuration, the slat(s) 35 being in contact with the wall 15 of the unit 1. On the other hand, the third connector 7 is not in contact with any of the slats 35.

Conversely, in the second system configuration shown in figure 15B , the fuse element 45 has melted and the blade(s) 35 are disconnected from the wall 15 and are now in contact with the third connector 7.

In general, the third connector 7 can be any electrically conductive element with a configuration suitable for good cooperation with the connection element 3. Typically, it can be mounted on the support 2, and generally on the second electrical organ. It provides a second circuit configuration, alternative to a first circuit configuration formed in the first system configuration, and in which the unit is electrically active with respect to its support.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and extends to all the embodiments covered by the invention.

The different figures 2 to 16 have provided embodiments detailing examples. It is possible to combine one of the aspects of an example with any other example of the other embodiments.

The storage units shown in the drawings are cylindrical in shape. Provision can be made for the device 1 to be adapted to storage units of various formats and sizes.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1.

Unity

11.

First connector

12.

other connector

13.

Front face

14.

Back side

15.

side wall

16.

Withdrawal

2.

Support

21.

Second connector

22.

other connector

3.

Connection element

31.

First contact area

32.

Second contact zone

33.

Distal end

34.

Proximal end

35.

Blade

36.

Junction portion

37.

Support area

38.

notch

39.

assembly point

4.

Retention device

41.

Arms

42a, 42b.

arm portion

43.

First end

44.

Second end

45.

fuse element

5.

Base

51.

Stopper

6.

Circuit

61.

First terminal

62.

Second terminal

63.

System

7.

Third connector

81.

First spring

82.

fuse base

83.

Plateau

84.

Stem

85.

Second spring

Claims (18)

Breakable electrical connection system capable of electrically connecting a first connector (11) of a first electrical component and a second connector (21) of a second electrical component different from the first electrical component, said system comprising: - a connection element (3) comprising a first contact zone (31) with the first connector (11) and a second contact zone (32) with the second connector (21), the connection element (3) having on the one hand a first configuration in which the connection element (3) is capable of bringing the first connector (11) and the second connector (21) into electrical continuity, and on the other hand a second configuration in which the connecting element (3) does not bring the first connector (11) and the second connector (21) into electrical continuity, the connecting element (3) being elastically deformable so as to be deformed in the first configuration and so as to not be deformed or less deformed in the second configuration; - a retention device (4) comprising at least one fuse element (45) having a melting temperature, the retention device (4) being configured to maintain the connection element in the first configuration when the temperature of the element fuse (45) is below the melting temperature, and to release the connection element (3) when the temperature of the fuse element (45) exceeds the melting temperature so as to place it in the second configuration, characterized in that the connecting element (3) is elastically deformable in bending with a bending deformation stress applied by the retention device (4) in the first configuration by bearing on the connecting element (3). System according to the preceding claim, in which the retention device (4) comprises an elongated member for holding the connection element (3) in a deformed position in the first configuration, the elongated member comprising the fuse element (45 ). System according to the preceding claim, in which the elongated member has a longitudinal dimension at least three times greater than at least one other of its dimensions. System according to one of the two preceding claims, in which the elongated member has a longitudinal dimension such that, in the first configuration, the component according to the longitudinal dimension of a force exerting the stress of deformation in bending is at less majority. System according to one of the three preceding claims, in which the elongated member is an arm (41), the arm (41) preferably resting on an area (37) of the connecting element (3) which is intermediate between a distal end (33) and a proximal end (34) of the connecting element (3).. System according to the preceding claim, in which the arm (41) comprises two arm portions (42a, 42b) joined by the fuse element (45). A system according to any preceding claim, wherein the at least one fusible element is electrically insulating. System according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the at least one fusible element has a melting temperature of between 60°C and 120°C. System according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the second contact zone (32) comprises a distal end (33) of the connecting element (3) and/or in which the first contact zone (31) comprises a proximal end (34) of the connecting element (3). System according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the connecting element (3) comprises at least one flexible blade. System according to the preceding claim, comprising a plurality of blades (35) each having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal ends being joined by a junction portion (36), the junction portion (36) being fixed to the first member, the fuse element (45) comprising a counter-bearing element on a zone of each of the blades (35) in the first configuration, the zone being located outside the proximal end. System according to Claim 10, in which the at least one blade (35) comprises a distal end (33) capable of being anchored to the second organ and a proximal end (34) capable of being applied to the first connector (11) in the first configuration, the fuse element (45) being configured to secure the proximal end (34) and the first connector (11), the system preferably comprising a plurality of blades (35), the fuse element (45) being configured to secure all the blades (35) and the first connector (11) in the first configuration and to release all the blades (35) in the second configuration. A system according to any preceding claim, wherein the at least one fusible element (45) is polyolefin based. Electrical apparatus comprising a system according to any preceding claim, a first electrical member and a second electrical member. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, comprising a third connector (7), and in which the connection element (3) is configured to bring the second connector (21) and the third connector (7) into electrical continuity in the second configuration, and is configured not to put the second connector (21) and the third connector (7) in electrical continuity in the first configuration. Apparatus according to one of the two preceding claims, in which the first electric member is one of an electric energy storage unit (1) and a support (2) of the unit, and in which the second electric member is the other of the electric energy storage unit (1) and the support (2) of the unit (1), apparatus in which the support (2) preferably comprises a printed circuit. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, in which the unit (1) comprises a front face (13) facing a face of the support (2) in the first configuration, a rear face (14) opposite the first face and a side wall (15) joining the front face and the rear face. Apparatus according to any of the three preceding claims, comprising a plurality of units.

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