EP4004467A1 - Procédé de récupération d'énergie frigorifique avec production d'électricité ou liquéfaction d'un courant gazeux - Google Patents
Procédé de récupération d'énergie frigorifique avec production d'électricité ou liquéfaction d'un courant gazeuxInfo
- Publication number
- EP4004467A1 EP4004467A1 EP20754325.7A EP20754325A EP4004467A1 EP 4004467 A1 EP4004467 A1 EP 4004467A1 EP 20754325 A EP20754325 A EP 20754325A EP 4004467 A1 EP4004467 A1 EP 4004467A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- passage
- working fluid
- stream
- cold
- heat exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 269
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 ethylene, propylene, butene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000475699 Euphaedusa digonoptyx comes Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015073 liquid stocks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/003—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines condenser cooling circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0017—Oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/002—Argon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0222—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an intermediate heat exchange fluid between the cryogenic component and the fluid to be liquefied
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/50—Oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of recovering refrigeration energy from a cold stream for producing electrical energy from at least one Rankine cycle or liquefying a feed stream.
- the cold stream is a stream of cryogenic liquid such as liquefied natural gas
- the stream can be regasified in order to be distributed in distribution networks while enhancing its refrigeration content.
- the liquefied natural gas (LNG) must be regasified, or in other words revaporized, at a pressure of the order of 10 to 90 bar depending on the network.
- This flashback takes place in LNG terminals, generally at room temperature by exchanging heat with seawater, possibly seawater heated with natural gas.
- the refrigeration content of the liquefied natural gas is then in no way valued.
- a known method is based on a direct expansion of natural gas. Liquefied natural gas is pumped at a pressure greater than that of the distribution network, vaporized by heat exchange with a hot source such as sea water, then expanded to network pressure in an expansion turbine associated with an electric generator.
- thermodynamic cycles using an intermediate fluid, or working fluid.
- a working fluid is vaporized under pressure against a hot source such as sea water in a first heat exchanger, then expanded in a turbine coupled to an electric generator. .
- the expanded working fluid is then condensed in a second exchanger against LNG which is used as a source cold cycle. This results in a low pressure liquid working fluid which is pumped and returned at high pressure to the first exchanger, thus closing the cycle.
- the Rankine cycle can operate with water as the working fluid for applications such as geothermal heat recovery, the use of organic fluids evaporating at low temperature makes it possible to exploit cold sources at low temperature. low temperature. This is referred to as the organic Rankine cycle or ORC cycle (for Organic Rankine Cycle).
- ORC cycles are conventionally industrialized using LNG as a cold source and sea water as a hot source. These cycles make it possible to regasify a stream of LNG while producing electricity with energy yields of the order of 20 kWh per tonne of vaporized LNG, that is to say 0.015 kWh / Nm 3 .
- the object of the present invention is to resolve all or part of the above-mentioned problems, in particular by proposing a process for recovering refrigeration energy offering increased flexibility in order to be able to adapt to fluctuations in the demand for electricity.
- the solution according to the invention is then a process for recovering cooling energy from a cold stream, in a system comprising a storage tank, at least one electric generator and at least one heat exchange device comprising several passages configured for the flow of fluids to be placed in a heat exchange relationship, said method comprising, in a first mode of operation, the following steps:
- step b) introduction of the first working fluid expanded in step b) in at least a third passage and condensation of at least part of said first working fluid against at least the cold current flowing in at least a fourth passage in relation to d 'heat exchange with at least the third passage,
- step d) exit of the first working fluid at least partially condensed in step c) from the third passage, raising the pressure of said first working fluid to the first pressure and reintroduction into the first passage, characterized in that, in a second mode of operation, said method comprises the following steps:
- the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics:
- the method further comprises the following steps:
- step f) introduction of the feed stream from step f) into a supercooler, i) output of the supercooler feed stream and expansion in a third expansion member so as to form a gas phase and a liquid phase of said feed stream,
- the cold stream leaving the fourth passage is introduced into at least an eighth passage, the method comprising, in the first operating mode, the following additional steps: m) introduction of a second working fluid having a second high pressure in at least a fifth passage and vaporization of at least a part of said second working fluid against at least a second hot stream flowing in at least a sixth passage in relation heat exchange with at least the fifth passage,
- step m) outlet of the second working fluid at least partially vaporized in step m) from the fifth passage and expansion to a second low pressure, with Pb2 less than Ph2, in a second expansion member cooperating with a second electric generator of way to produce electrical energy
- step n) introduction of the second working fluid expanded in step n) in at least a seventh passage in heat exchange relationship with at least the eighth passage, and condensation of at least part of said second working fluid against the current cold circulating in the eighth passage,
- step g) exit of the second working fluid at least partially condensed in step g) from the seventh passage, raising the pressure of said second working fluid to the second high pressure and reintroduction of said second working fluid at least partially condensed to step g) in the fifth passage.
- step f introduction of the feed stream into at least an eleventh passage in heat exchange relationship with the eighth passage, r) cooling, optionally with condensation of at least part of said stream d 'supply against the cold current so as to obtain, at the outlet of the eleventh passage, a cooled feed stream, and introduction of said cooled feed stream into the tenth passage.
- step s) outlet of the second working fluid at least partially vaporized in step s) from the fifth passages and expansion to a second low pressure, with Pb2 less than Ph2, in a second expansion member cooperating with a second electric generator so as to produce electric energy
- step w) exit of the second working fluid at least partially condensed in step w) from the second passage, raising the pressure of said second working fluid to the second high pressure and reintroduction of said second working fluid at least partially condensed to step w) in the fifth pass,
- the first hot stream flowing in step a) being formed at least in part by the second working fluid flowing in step u) in the passage
- step f) prior to step f), introduction of the feed stream into at least an eleventh passage in a heat exchange relationship with at least the eighth passage, x) cooling, optionally with condensation of at least a part, of said feed current against the cold current so as to obtain, at the output of the eleventh passage, a cooled feed stream, and introduction of said cooled feed stream into the tenth passage.
- the first working fluid and the second working fluid are organic fluids, the first working fluid and the second working fluid respectively comprising a first mixture of hydrocarbons and a second mixture of hydrocarbons, preferably the first and the second second mixture of hydrocarbons each contain at least two hydrocarbons chosen from methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutane, optionally added with at least one additional component chosen among nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide, neon.
- the first working fluid and the second working fluid are organic fluids, the first working fluid and the second working fluid being pure substances consisting respectively of a first hydrocarbon and a second hydrocarbon.
- the feed stream is formed predominantly, preferably totally or almost entirely, of an air gas, preferably nitrogen, oxygen or argon.
- the cold stream is a stream of liquefied hydrocarbons such as liquefied natural gas or a stream of cryogenic liquid chosen from: a stream of liquefied nitrogen, a stream of liquefied oxygen, a stream of liquefied hydrogen.
- the first hot stream, the second hot stream and / or the third stream are formed from sea water, preferably sea water introduced at a temperature strictly above 0 ° C, preferably between 10 and 30 ° C, sea water having possibly undergone a preliminary reheating step.
- the method is operated selectively according to the first operating mode or the second operating mode.
- the selection of the first or of the second operating mode is carried out as a function of the value of at least one parameter representative of a demand for electricity, preferably, the method comprises at least one step of determining at least one value instantaneous electrical power and / or electrical energy consumed on an electricity supply network and / or by an industrial installation, the method being operated in the first operating mode when said value is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold or in the second operating mode when said value is less than the predetermined threshold.
- the flow rates of at least one of at least one of: the first hot stream, the second hot stream, the first working fluid and / or the second working fluid and / or the second working fluid are reduced or even stopped. job.
- the process is operated simultaneously according to the first operating mode and the second operating mode so as to simultaneously produce electrical energy and an at least partially liquefied supply current, said process including at least one step of adjusting the operation by means of a variation in the flow rate of circulation of at least the first working fluid and / or the second working fluid (W2).
- the feed stream from step f) has a pressure of at least 5 bar, preferably at least 20 bar, more preferably at least 30 bar.
- the cold stream leaving the eighth passage is introduced into at least a ninth passage to be reheated there against the second hot stream, the second working fluid and / or a third hot stream and the supply stream is introduced, prior to its introduction into the eleventh passage, into at least a thirteenth passage in heat exchange relation with at least the ninth passage.
- the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and / or thirteenth passages form part of at least one heat exchanger of the brazed plate type, said exchanger comprising a stack of several parallel plates spaced apart from each other so as to delimit between them several series of several passages within said exchanger.
- the feed stream is introduced in the gaseous state into the tenth passage, the eleventh passage and / or the thirteenth passage and comes out completely condensed from the tenth passage, preferably at a temperature between -200 and -130 ° C, preferably between -170 ° C and -130 ° C, more preferably between -160 ° C and -140 ° C.
- the invention relates to an installation for recovering cooling energy from a cold stream, in a system comprising a storage tank, at least one electric generator and at least one heat exchange device comprising several passages configured for the flow of fluids to be placed in a heat exchange relationship, said installation comprising:
- a first expansion member arranged downstream of said first passage and configured to reduce the pressure of the first working fluid leaving the first passage from a first high pressure to a first low pressure
- a first pressure-lifting member arranged downstream of said third passage and configured to increase the pressure of the first working fluid leaving the third passage from the first low pressure to the first high pressure, said installation further comprising:
- said installation further comprises:
- a second expansion member arranged downstream of said first passage and configured to reduce the pressure of the second working fluid leaving the fifth passage from a second high pressure to a second low pressure
- a second pressure-lifting member arranged downstream of said second passage and configured to increase the pressure of the second working fluid leaving the second passage from the second low pressure to the second high pressure
- the supply current introduced into the tenth passage is cooled, possibly at least in part condensed, against the cold stream prior to its introduction into the tenth passage.
- the invention relates to a system formed by an installation according to the invention, a production unit, such as an air separation unit by cryogenic distillation, capable of producing a feed stream at at least an output of said production unit, said at least one outlet being fluidly connected to said installation.
- a production unit such as an air separation unit by cryogenic distillation
- natural gas refers to any composition containing hydrocarbons including at least methane. This includes a "crude” composition (prior to any treatment or washing), as well as any composition that has been partially, substantially or fully treated for the reduction and / or elimination of one or more compounds, including, but not limited to. limit, sulfur, carbon dioxide, water, mercury and some heavy and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a process for recovering refrigeration energy according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2 schematically shows a process for recovering cooling energy according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows diagrammatically a process for recovering cooling energy according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 4 shows schematically a process for recovering cooling energy according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 5 shows schematically a process for recovering cooling energy according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 6 shows exchange diagrams obtained in methods according to embodiments of the invention.
- the method according to the invention is implemented in particular by means of at least one heat exchange device, which can be any device comprising passages suitable for the flow of several fluids and allowing direct or indirect heat exchanges. between said fluids.
- the various process fluids circulate in one or more heat exchangers of the brazed plate and fin type, advantageously formed from aluminum.
- These exchangers make it possible to work under low temperature differences and with reduced pressure drops, which improves the energy performance of the liquefaction process described above.
- Plate heat exchangers also offer the advantage of obtaining very compact devices offering a large exchange surface in a limited volume
- exchangers comprise a stack of plates which extend in two dimensions, length and width, thus constituting a stack of several series of passages, some being intended for the circulation of a circulating fluid, in this case the working fluid of the cycle, others being intended for the circulation of a refrigerant, in this case the cryogenic liquid such as liquefied natural gas to vaporize.
- Heat exchange structures such as heat exchange waves or fins, are generally arranged in the passages of the exchanger. These structures include fins that extend between the plates of the exchanger and increase the heat exchange surface of the exchanger.
- exchangers can however be used, such as plate exchangers, shell and tube exchangers ("Shell and tubes” in English), or assemblies of the "core in kettle” type. that is to say plate or plate and fin exchangers embedded in a shell in which the refrigerant vaporizes.
- the exchangers are tube exchangers
- the passages can be formed by the spaces in, around and between the tubes.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a process for recovering cold from a cold stream F of hydrocarbons.
- the cold stream F can be natural gas.
- a single Rankine cycle is implemented by means of a first exchanger E1 and a second exchanger E2.
- the exchangers E1, E2 each comprise a stack of several plates (not visible) arranged parallel one above the other with spacing in a so-called stacking direction, which is orthogonal to the plates.
- a passage is formed between two adjacent plates.
- the gap between two successive plates is small compared to the length and width of each successive plate, so that each passage of the exchanger has a parallelepipedal and flat shape.
- the passages intended for the circulation of the same fluid form a series of passages.
- Each exchanger comprises several series of passages configured to channel the different fluids of the process parallel to an overall direction of flow z, the passages of a series being arranged, in whole or in part, alternately and / or adjacent to all or part of passages from another series.
- the sealing of the passages along the edges of the plates is generally ensured by lateral and longitudinal sealing bars fixed to the plates.
- the side sealing bars do not completely close the passages but leave inlet and outlet openings for the introduction and discharge of fluids.
- These inlet and outlet openings are joined by collectors, generally semi-tubular in shape, ensuring a homogeneous distribution and recovery of the fluid over all the passages of the same series.
- passage can be part of a series of several passages intended for the flow of the same fluid.
- the first exchanger E1 acts as a vaporizer in the Rankine cycle. As seen in Fig. 1, a first working fluid W1 circulates in at least a first passage 1 from an inlet 1a to an outlet 1b. A first hot stream is introduced into the first exchanger from an inlet 21 to an outlet 22. The first working fluid W1 is vaporized at least partially by heat exchange with the first hot stream C1.
- the first vaporized working fluid W1 is expanded in a first expansion member, preferably a turbine, coupled to an electric generator G converting the kinetic energy produced by the expanded fluid into electrical energy.
- a first expansion member preferably a turbine
- the first working fluid W1 enters the second heat exchanger E2 from an inlet 31 to an outlet 32 of at least a third passage 3.
- first working fluid W1 resulting from the expansion in the first member can optionally be in the two-phase state and be introduced with or without separation of the liquid and gas phases upstream of the second exchanger E2.
- the first working fluid W1 is placed in a heat exchange relationship with the cold stream F circulating in at least a fourth passage 4 of the second exchanger E2 from an inlet 41 to an outlet 42.
- the first working fluid W1 is condensed by heating the first cold stream F1 and leaves in the liquid state through the outlet 32 to be then returned to the first exchanger E1, after pressurization by a pressure-lifting member such as a pump, which closes the Rankine cycle .
- the cold stream F is introduced through the inlet 41 of the second exchanger E2 in the liquid state, preferably completely liquid, and exits at least partially, preferably completely vaporized through the outlet 42.
- hot stream or “cold stream” is meant a stream formed from one or more fluids providing a source of heat or cold by heat exchange with another fluid.
- the Rankine cycle described above is implemented in a first mode of operation in which the method according to the invention ensures recovery of the refrigeration content of the cold stream F in order to produce electricity.
- the method further has a second mode of operation, in which the refrigeration content of the cold stream F is recovered not to produce electricity but to liquefy a feed stream.
- a supply stream 200 is introduced into at least a tenth passage 10 of the second exchanger E2 which is in a heat exchange relationship with at least the fourth passage 4 in which the cold current F.
- Au circulates.
- at least part of the feed stream 200 condenses against the cold stream F, giving rise, at the outlet of passage 10, to a feed stream 201 which is at least partially liquefied, preferably completely liquefied.
- the cold stream F flows against the current with the supply stream 200 in the first operating mode and / or against the current with the working fluid W1 condensed in the second exchanger E2 in the second operating mode.
- the cold stream F can be vaporized in whole or in part in the passage 4 against the working fluid W1, that is to say by heat exchange with the working fluid W1.
- the feed stream 201 thus obtained is sent to a storage tank 203.
- the at least partially liquefied stream 201 can thus be stored at a storage pressure preferably between 1 and 10 bar, preferably between 1 and 5 bar and at a cryogenic temperature of the order of the equilibrium temperature of the fluid at the storage pressure.
- the feed stream 201 can optionally be expanded in a third expansion member 202 so as to form a gas phase and a liquid phase of said feed stream 201.
- a third expansion member 202 so as to form a gas phase and a liquid phase of said feed stream 201.
- Such an expansion of the at least partially liquefied feed stream 201 is carried out when the storage in the tank 203 is carried out at atmospheric pressure or at least at a relatively low pressure compared to that of the liquefaction network which can go up to 20 bar, even up to 40 bar. This is because the liquefaction of the feed stream 200 occurs more efficiently in the exchanger when working at these high pressures.
- the method of the invention allows efficient recovery of the frigories from the cold stream F with increased flexibility since the frigories can be used to generate electricity or to liquefy a feed stream, the choice of the operating mode being made according to the requirements. needs of the moment.
- the cold stream is a cryogenic liquid, in particular natural gas
- the method makes it possible to regasify the cold stream while enhancing its refrigeration content. Switching from one of the operating modes to the other is relatively simple and does not require modifying the industrial installation.
- the liquefaction of feed streams makes it possible to build up stocks of fluid in the liquid state at reduced costs in order to ensure continuity of gas supply, for example when a production plant is shut down. .
- Fig. 1 illustrates a configuration in which, optionally, the feed stream 201 issuing from the passages 10 circulates in a supercooler 205 prior to its expansion and its introduction into the storage tank 203.
- supercooler is meant any heat exchange device configured to produce at its outlet a liquid at a temperature below its equilibrium temperature at the operating pressure.
- the feed stream 201 is expanded in the third expansion member 202, forming a gas phase and a liquid phase (so-called “flash” phenomenon) which are introduced together into the reservoir 203.
- flash phenomenon
- This configuration offers the advantage of recovering the frigories of the gas stream 204 which are usually removed from storage and lost.
- the gas stream 204 can be compressed in a compression device to form a compressed gas stream 206 which can be recycled into the feed stream 200 before introduction into the tenth passage 10.
- the at least partially liquefied feed stream 201 is introduced directly into the reservoir 203.
- the method according to the invention operates alternately between the first and the second mode of operation.
- the selection between the first and the second mode is carried out according to the determination of at least one parameter representative of an electricity demand.
- the method can be operated in the first operating mode when the parameter is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold or in the second operating mode when the parameter is less than the predetermined threshold.
- the flow rates in the heat exchange passages of at least one of at least one of: the first hot stream C1, the second hot stream C2, the first working fluid are stopped. W1 and / or the second working fluid W2.
- the method can comprise at least one step of determining at least one instantaneous electric power and / or electric energy value which can be predetermined or else measured on an electricity supply network or an industrial installation, for example from direct measurements of the physical parameters of the installation, such as the electric supply voltage, the intensity of the electric current delivered, ... or else from a history of consumption of said installation.
- consumption can be determined instantaneously or from a data history, depending for example on the time of day or the time of year.
- the method is operated in the first operating mode when said value is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold or in the second operating mode when said value is less than the predetermined threshold. This makes it possible to erase the consumption peaks of said installation and thus reduce the voltages on the electrical network.
- the method may include a step of determining at least one other value of instantaneous electrical power and / or electrical energy produced by a separate electricity production unit.
- the method is operated in the first operating mode when said value is less than or equal to another predetermined threshold or in the second operating mode when said value is greater than the other predetermined threshold. It is thus possible to adapt to an intermittent production of electricity, as is the case for example in photovoltaic or wind power production, in particular by choosing to use the frigories of the cold current to liquefy the supply current when surplus energy is produced by the production unit.
- first and the second modes it is also possible to envisage operating the process simultaneously according to the first and the second modes.
- part of the frigories of the cold stream is recovered to produce electrical energy and another part of the frigories of the cold stream is used to liquefy the feed stream.
- the first mode and the second mode are adapted so as to produce more liquefied supply current and less electrical energy when the demand for electricity decreases and vice versa when the demand for electricity increases.
- One adaptation mode may be to vary the flow rate of circulation of at least the first working fluid W1 and / or the second working fluid W2 in their respective passages
- An increase in the flow rate of circulation of the working fluid (s) produces the opposite phenomenon and therefore favors the production of electricity when demand requires it, while continuing to produce a reduced quantity of liquid current.
- the method according to the invention operates so as to produce either electrical energy only, or both electrical energy in a substantially reduced rate and liquid feed stream.
- the second mode of operation it is thus possible to implement reductions in fluid flow rates for the first fluid W1 and / or the second fluid W2 of between 2 and 50%, preferably at least 5% and / or at most. 20%, more preferably between 5 and 15%.
- the reduction in flow rate applied to the first fluid is greater than the reduction applied to the second fluid.
- the method according to the invention can implement in the first mode of operation, a combination of several Rankine cycles in order to increase the energy efficiency of the method.
- Fig. 2 illustrates the combination of a first and a second Rankine cycle according to a first variant embodiment. It being understood that a method according to the invention can comprise a number greater than two Rankine cycles combined according to the same principles as those set out below in the case of two Rankine cycles, whether in the first variant or the second variant described below.
- the first Rankine cycle is implemented by means of a first exchanger E1 and a second exchanger E2, in accordance with the description of the simple cycle given above.
- the second Rankine cycle uses a second working fluid W2, preferably of different composition from that of the first working fluid W1.
- the second working fluid W2 is introduced into a third exchanger E3 through an inlet 51 to an outlet 52 and circulates in at least a fifth passage 5 in which it is vaporized at least partially by heat exchange with a second hot stream C2 circulating in at least a sixth passage 6 between an inlet 61 and an outlet 62.
- the second working fluid W2 is expanded according to the same principles as the first cycle and introduced, optionally in the two-phase state and optionally with phase separation before introduction, into a fourth heat exchanger E4 from an inlet 71 up to at an outlet 72 of at least a seventh passage 7 in which it is condensed by heating a second cold stream F2 circulating in at least an eighth passage 8.
- the fourth exchanger E4 forms the condenser of the second cycle.
- the second working fluid W2 coming from the outlet 72 in the liquid state is pumped and reintroduced through the inlet 51 of the passages 5, which closes the second cycle.
- the cold stream F can be vaporized in whole or in part and / or reheated in the first Rankine cycle (passage 4) by heat exchange with the first fluid W1.
- the cold stream F can be vaporized in whole or in part in the second Rankine cycle (passage 8) by heat exchange with the second fluid W2.
- the cold stream F is only reheated in the at least one fourth passage 4 and it is vaporized only in the eighth passage 8.
- the first cycle has as a cold source only the sensible heat of de-subcooling of the cold stream.
- the cold stream is partially vaporized in the fourth passage 4.
- the cold source of the first cycle is the sensible heat of de-subcooling of the cold stream and part of the latent heat of vaporization of the cold stream.
- the cold stream F is vaporized only in the at least one fourth passage 4, i. e. comes out completely vaporized from the fourth passage 4.
- the cold source of the first cycle is the sensible heat of de-subcooling of the cold stream and all the latent heat of vaporization of the cold stream, possibly with a sensible heat of reheating of the vaporized cold stream.
- the cold stream F can also be partially vaporized in the fourth passage 4 and be partially vaporized in the eighth passage 8.
- the first working fluid W1 condensed out of the third passage 3 can be reintroduced into the second exchanger E2 in order to circulate there before being reintroduced into the first exchanger E1.
- This configuration is preferred when the first working fluid W1 is not a pure substance but a mixture of several constituents, because it offers the advantage of further heating the temperature at which the first working fluid W1 leaves the second exchanger E2.
- the second working fluid W2 condensed out of the passages 7 can also be reintroduced into the fourth exchanger E4, before being reintroduced into the third exchanger E3.
- Fig. 3 represents this type of configuration.
- the cold current F supplies in series the first Rankine cycle and the second Rankine cycle in which it is vaporized and gradually heated against the second and first working fluids W2, W1. As such, F can therefore possibly be in the two-phase state.
- the first Rankine cycle and the second Rankine cycle are used to generate electricity.
- the cold stream F feeds in series the second exchanger E2 and the fourth exchanger E4 in which it is vaporized and gradually reheated against the feed stream 200.
- the feed stream 200 feeds in series the fourth. exchanger E4 and the second exchanger E2 in which it is gradually cooled and condensed.
- Such an arrangement makes it possible to regasify the cold stream while ensuring a more efficient recovery of the cold over the entire temperature gradient between the inlet temperature of the cold stream F in the fourth passage 4 and the temperature of the cold stream F at the outlet. of the eighth passage 8.
- the recovery of the frigories of the cold stream is carried out separately on portions of passages 4, 8 where it has different temperature levels. It is then possible to best adapt the characteristics of each of the first and second working fluids, so that they exhibit boiling temperatures adapted to these temperature levels, to the high and low pressure levels that will be encountered. chosen for each of the two cycles.
- a very large degree of freedom is thus available to increase the energy efficiency of the process, in particular by adjusting the temperatures, the pressures and / or the compositions of the working fluids as a function of the characteristics of the cold stream F to be heated, in particular its pressure. , its temperature, its composition ...
- the cold stream F exiting at 82 from the eighth passage 8 is introduced into at least a ninth passages 9 of a fifth exchanger E5, in order to continue its heating there against a third hot current C3 in the first operating mode or against the supply current 200 in the second operating mode.
- a ninth passages 9 of a fifth exchanger E5 is introduced into at least a thirteenth passage 13 upstream of its introduction into the passages 11, which allows, in the second mode of operation, to cool the supply current even more effectively. 200.
- the feed stream 200 is introduced into the process, that is to say into the exchanger crossed first by the stream 200, which may be E2, E5, E4, E3 depending on the configuration chosen, at a temperature between 0 and 30 ° C.
- the feed stream 200 is introduced into the process in a fully gaseous state.
- the feed stream 200 is formed predominantly, preferably entirely or almost entirely, of an air gas, preferably nitrogen, oxygen or argon.
- air gas is meant a gas which is part of the composition of the air such as argon, carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen and oxygen.
- the installation implementing the method according to the invention can be integrated into a system comprising at least one unit for producing said feed stream, for example an air separation unit (or ASU for "Air Separation Unit ”), preferably by cryogenic distillation, fluidly connected to said installation, in particular to passages 10, 1 1 and / or 13 according to the embodiment considered, preferably via at least one pipe.
- the installation can thus be used to liquefy, before storage, the feed stream from the production unit.
- the installation implementing the method according to the invention can also be fluidly connected to an air gas distribution network.
- the cold stream F recovered at the end of the outlets 82 or 92 supplies at least one pipe of a fluid distribution network (at 100), in particular a hydrocarbon distribution network such as gas. natural.
- the inlets and outlets of the condensation passages 3, 7 are arranged so that the first and second working fluids W1, W2 are condensed against the current with the cold stream F.
- the hot streams C1, C2 cycles flow against the vaporized working fluids in each cycle.
- the third current C3 flows against the current of the cold current F possibly circulating in the passages 9. Note that the same hot current can form C1, C2 or even C3 by circulating in series in the third exchanger, the first exchanger and possibly the fifth exchanger.
- Fig. 2 and following illustrate configurations in which the Rankine cycles are operated in exchangers forming entities physically distinct from each other, i. e. each forming at least one distinct stack of plates and passages.
- first exchanger E1, the third exchanger E3, possibly with the fifth exchanger E5 can form the same common exchanger and / or the second exchanger E2 and the fourth exchanger E4 can form another common exchanger.
- each passage of said series forms an extension of a corresponding passage of the other series, and therefore one and the same passage of the exchanger E formed between two same plates.
- E1 and E3 forming the same exchanger
- the passages 2 of the second series and the passages 6 of the sixth series are formed between the same plates of the exchanger E and are arranged in continuity with each other.
- a passage 2 and a passage 6 thus form one and the same passage of the exchanger E delimited between two same plates of the exchanger E and in which the hot stream C2 flows from the inlet 61 to the outlet 22.
- Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 illustrate the combination of a first cycle and a second Rankine cycle according to a second embodiment.
- a second working fluid W2 having a second high pressure Ph2 is introduced into at least a fifth passage 5 of a third exchanger E3 and vaporized at least in part against at least a second hot stream C2 circulating in at least a sixth passage 6.
- the second working fluid W2 leaving the passages (5) is expanded to a second low pressure (Pb2) in a second expansion member cooperating with a second electric generator so as to produce electric energy.
- the second working fluid W2 thus relaxed is introduced, optionally in the two-phase state, into the second passage 2 and thus forms, at least in part, the hot current in the first cycle to vaporize the first working fluid W1 circulating in the first pass 1.
- the second working fluid W2 is condensed against at least the cold stream F flowing in the eighth passage 8. After leaving the passages 2, the pressure of the second working fluid W2 is raised to the second high pressure Ph2 and the pressure is reintroduced. second working fluid W2 in passage 5.
- the use of the second working fluid as the first hot stream of the first cycle makes it possible to recover in the second cycle the frigories of the vaporization taking place in the first cold cycle, and this during the liquefaction taking place in the second cycle.
- the amount of energy recovered is thus greater than in arrangements where these frigories are not valorized since we simply cool the hot current.
- the first cycle operates between the cold temperature of the cold stream and the temperature of the hot stream of the cycle. While in a cascade arrangement where the second working fluid is used as the first hot stream of the first cycle, as described with reference to Figures 4 or 5, the first cycle operates between the cold temperature of the cold stream, and the cold temperature of the second cycle (which is lower than the temperature of the hot stream). This offers the advantage of keeping a moderate and technically acceptable expansion rate for the turbines.
- the supply current 200 is introduced, prior to its introduction into the tenth passage, in at least an eleventh passage 11 in heat exchange relation with at least the eighth passages 8.
- the current d The feed 200 is cooled, possibly with at least partial condensation, against the cold stream F. In this way, at the outlet of the eleventh passage 11, a cooled feed stream 200 is obtained, which is then introduced into the tenth passage 10.
- the feed stream 200 can optionally be introduced into at least a thirteenth passage 13 upstream of its introduction into the passages 1 1, which allows, in the second mode of operation, to cool the feed stream 200 even more efficiently.
- the cold stream F can be vaporized in whole or in part and / or reheated in the second Rankine cycle (passage 4) by heat exchange with the second fluid W2.
- the cold stream F can be vaporized in whole or in part and / or reheated (passage 8) in the first Rankine cycle by heat exchange with the first fluid W1.
- Fig. 4 shows a combination of cycles in which the condensed working fluids are reintroduced into the condenser part before being reintroduced into the vaporizer part
- Fig. 5 shows a combination in which the condensed working fluids are reintroduced directly into the vaporizer part.
- the first generator and the second generator are therefore the same. This saves a generator and simplifies the installation. This arrangement is possible because the two cycles of electricity generation have a generally simultaneous mode of operation.
- the cold stream F can be a stream of liquefied hydrocarbons such as liquefied natural gas or a stream of cryogenic liquid such as a stream of liquefied nitrogen, a stream of liquefied oxygen, a stream of liquefied hydrogen.
- the temperature of introduction of the cold stream F into the fourth passage 4 is less than -100 ° C.
- the cold stream F is formed from a stream of hydrocarbons, in particular natural gas, preferably comprising, in molar fraction, at least 60% of methane (CFU), preferably at least 80%.
- the natural gas can optionally comprise ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (nC4Hio) or isobutane (iC 4 Hio), nitrogen, preferably in contents between 0 and 10 % (mol%). Thanks to the process of the invention, the necessary regasification is carried out before injecting the natural gas into the distribution network, while upgrading the frigories of the liquefied natural gas. Cold currents of other nature can advantageously feed the process according to the invention in order to be vaporized before use.
- a cryogenic liquid for example liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, or else liquid hydrogen
- a cryogenic liquid for example liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, or else liquid hydrogen
- the vaporization of such liquids can make it possible to ensure a continuity of gas supply when a production plant is shut down and make it possible to save part of the energy spent on building up liquid stocks.
- the vaporization temperatures of these constituents being much lower than those of natural gas, it may be advantageous to implement a process combining three Rankine cycles, or even more, in the continuity of one of the preceding descriptions.
- the cold stream to be re-vaporized can be a cryogenic liquid at very low temperature, that is to say a temperature which can be less than -170 ° C, or even less than -200 ° C.
- very low temperature that is to say a temperature which can be less than -170 ° C, or even less than -200 ° C.
- the first working fluid W1 and the second working fluid W2 are organic fluids, that is to say fluids comprising one or more organic components. It is also conceivable that the Rankine cycles of the process according to the invention are not organic cycles.
- the working fluid of the cycle working at the lowest temperature may include one or more components such as hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, in addition to or substitution of all or part of the organic compounds. It will thus be possible to envisage working with working fluids free of organic components.
- first fluid W1 and / or the second fluid W2 it is possible to use pure substances of a different nature to form the first fluid W1 and / or the second fluid W2.
- ethylene can be used as the first working fluid W1 and ethane as the second working fluid W2.
- This choice can be explained by the physical properties of these constituents, which exhibit saturated vapor pressures for the temperature range swept by the LNG vaporization compatible with good mechanical strength of brazed aluminum exchangers and expansion turbine components.
- ORC cycles allows the design of compact and efficient systems.
- working fluids of different compositions are preferably used in the different Rankine cycles, but it is still possible to envisage using working fluids of the same composition, by then adjusting the operating pressures of these fluids. This is possible for relatively small temperature differences between the cold and hot currents of the cycles, for example when the second cold stream is a liquefied gas at very high pressure and the first hot stream is sea water at a sufficiently low temperature. .
- mixed working fluids comprising mixtures of hydrocarbons, preferably mixtures of hydrocarbons each containing at least two hydrocarbons chosen from methane, ethylene (C2H4), propane, ethane, butane or isobutane, butene.
- the first working fluid W1 and the second working fluid W2 can optionally comprise at least one additional component chosen from hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, in addition to or substitution of the organic components, and this in particular if the cryogenic liquid to be vaporized has a lower boiling point than that of methane.
- mixed working fluids makes it possible to reduce the energy losses linked to the irreversibility of heat exchanges between cold and hot fluids by reducing the temperature differences between the cold currents and the working fluids at each point depending on the length of the the exchanger.
- the compositions, pressures before and after expansion and / or temperatures of each fluid can be adapted to ensure the best possible energy recovery.
- the working fluids are mixed, ie are mixtures, they leave the liquid exchanger (s) at very low temperature and that it is then advantageous to re-introduce the condensed fluids into the fluid (s). heat exchangers concerned in order to heat them and maximize their outlet temperature at the hot end and therefore the production of electricity during their expansion in the turbine.
- the proportions in mole fractions (%) of the components of the first mixture of hydrocarbons can be (mole%):
- Methane 20 to 60%, preferably 30 to 50%
- Propane 0 to 20%, preferably 0 to 10%
- Ethylene 20 to 70%, preferably 30 to 60%
- the proportions in mole fractions (%) of the components of the second mixture of hydrocarbons can be:
- Methane 0 to 20%, preferably 0 to 10%
- Propane 20 to 60%, preferably 30 to 50%
- Ethylene 20 to 60%, preferably 30 to 50%
- the first hot stream C1, the second hot stream C2 and / or the third hot stream C3, are formed from sea water, preferably at an inlet temperature in the exchanger greater than 0 ° C, of preferably between 10 and 30 ° C.
- the cold stream F is a stream of hydrocarbons introduced completely liquefied at the inlet 41 at a temperature between -140 and -170 ° C.
- the temperature of the fluid at the inlet 41 is preferably 1 'order from its equilibrium temperature to the storage pressure.
- the cold stream F has a temperature between -85 and -105 ° C at the outlet 42, a temperature between -10 and -20 ° C at the outlet 82 and / or a temperature between 5 and 50 ° C at the outlet 92, to be introduced at this temperature into a distribution network 100.
- the cold stream F leaves completely vaporized through the outlets 42, 82 or 92 as the case may be.
- the cold stream has a pressure of between 10 and 100 bar throughout the passages in which it flows.
- the feed stream 200 has a temperature of between -170 and -140 ° C at the outlet of the fourth passage 4, a temperature of between -1 10 and -80 ° C at the outlet. of the eighth passage 8 and / or a temperature between -20 and -10 ° C at the outlet of the ninth passage 9.
- the first working fluid W1 has, after its condensation in the third passage 3, a first temperature T1.
- the second working fluid W2 has, after its condensation in the seventh passage 7, a second temperature T2, with T2 greater than T1.
- T2 is between -60 and -30 ° C and T1 between -1 10 and -70 ° C. According to another possibility, T2 is between -1 10 and -80 ° C and T1 between -160 and -120 ° C.
- the first working fluid W1 leaves vaporized from at least a first passage 1 at a temperature between 0 and -30 ° C and / or the second working fluid W2 leaves vaporized from the fifth passage 5 at a temperature between 5 and 25 ° C.
- the first working fluid W1 and the second working fluid W2 leave the third passage 3 and the seventh passage 7 respectively at first and second so-called low pressures Pb1, Pb2, and enter the first passage 1 and the fifth passage 5 respectively to the first and second so-called high pressures Ph1, Ph2.
- the first and / or second high pressures Ph1, Ph2 are between 10 and 40 bar and / or the first and / or second low pressures Pb1, Pb2 are between 1 and 5 bar. More preferably, the first high pressure Ph1 is greater than the first low pressure Pb1 by a multiplying factor of between 2.5 and 15 and / or the second high pressure Ph2 is greater than the second low pressure Pb2 by a multiplying factor between 2.5 and 15.
- the cold streams were natural gas comprising 90.5% methane, 7.3% ethane, 1.5% propane, 0.2% butane, 0.3% isobutane, 0.2% d nitrogen (mol%).
- the exchanger configuration used was according to Fig. 1.
- the only working fluid was propane.
- the pressure of the working fluid W1 was 7.5 bar at the inlet of the vaporization exchanger and 1.5 bar at the outlet 32 of the condensation exchanger.
- the hot stream was seawater at a pressure of 5 bar and a temperature of 23 ° C at the inlet to the vaporization exchanger.
- the exchanger configuration used was according to Fig. 2.
- the working fluids were pure substances.
- the first W1 working fluid was ethylene.
- the second working fluid was ethane.
- the pressure of the first working fluid W1 was 32 bar at the inlet 1 a and 2 bar at the outlet 32.
- the pressure of the second working fluid W2 was 27 bar at the inlet 51 and 5.8 bar at outlet 72.
- the natural gas pressure was 90 bar at inlet 41 and 89 bar at outlet 92.
- the hot streams C1, C2, C3 were sea water at a pressure of 5 bar at the inlet and outlet of passages 2, 6, 12. Table 1 shows the fluid temperatures calculated at the inlet or outlet of various passages.
- the exchanger configuration used was according to Fig. 3,
- the first working fluid W1 was a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising 53% ethylene, 41% methane, 6% propane (mol%).
- the second working fluid W2 was a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising 46% ethylene, 38% propane, 8% methane, 8% isobutane (mol%).
- the pressure of the first working fluid W1 was 31.0 bar at the inlet 23 and 1.8 bar at the outlet 32.
- the pressure of the second working fluid W2 was 12.4 bar at the inlet 43 and 4.6 bar at outlet 72.
- the natural gas pressure was 90 bar at inlet 41 and 89.5 bar at outlet 82.
- the hot streams C1, C2, C3 were sea water at a pressure of 5 bar at the inlet and outlet of passages 2, 6 and 12. Table 2 shows the fluid temperatures calculated at the inlet or outlet of various passages.
- the configuration of exchangers used was according to Fig. 5.
- the working fluids were pure substances.
- the first W1 working fluid was ethylene.
- the second working fluid was ethane.
- the pressure of the first working fluid W1 was 8.1 bar at the inlet 1 a and 2.1 bar at the outlet 32.
- the pressure of the second working fluid W2 was 27 bar at the inlet 51 and 5.8 bar at outlet 22.
- the natural gas pressure was 90 bar at inlet 41 and 89 bar at outlet 92.
- the hot stream C2 was sea water at a pressure of 5 bar at the inlet and outlet of passages 6. Table 3 shows the fluid temperatures calculated at the entry or exit of different passages.
- the exchanger configuration used was according to Fig. 4.
- the first working fluid W1 was a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising 55.4% ethylene, 41% methane, 3.6% propane (mol%).
- the second working fluid was a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising 46% ethylene, 38% propane, 8% methane, 8% isobutane.
- the pressure of the first working fluid W1 was 16.7 bar at inlet 141 and 1.7 bar at outlet 32.
- the pressure of the second working fluid W2 was 12 bar at inlet 151 and 4 , 2 bar at outlet 22.
- the natural gas pressure was 90 bar at inlet 41 and 89.5 bar at outlet 82.
- the hot stream C1 was sea water at a pressure of 5 bar at the inlet and at the outlet of the passages 2. Table 3 shows the fluid temperatures calculated at the inlet or outlet of various passages.
- the energy efficiency obtained in the first operating mode of the first cycle was 0.01 14 kWh / Nm 3 and the energy efficiency of the second Rankine cycle was 0.0049 kWh / Nm 3 , i.e. a total efficiency of the process of 0.01634 kWh / Nm 3 , representing a gain of the order of 2% compared to simulation n ° 1.
- the energy efficiency of the first Rankine cycle was 0.016 kWh / Nm 3 and the energy efficiency of the second Rankine cycle was 0.01 1 kWh / Nm 3 , for a total efficiency of 0.027 kWh / Nm 3 , representing a gain of around 68% compared to simulation n ° 1.
- the energy efficiency of the first Rankine cycle was 0.0045 kWh / Nm 3 and the energy efficiency of the second Rankine cycle was 0.0134 kWh / Nm 3 , for a total efficiency of 0, 0179 kWh / Nm 3 , representing a gain of around 12% compared to simulation n ° 1.
- the energy efficiency of the first Rankine cycle was 0.012 kWh / Nm 3 and the energy efficiency of the second Rankine cycle was 0.021 kWh / Nm 3 , for a total efficiency of 0.033 kWh / Nm 3 , representing a gain of around 106% compared to simulation n ° 1.
- the process was simulated in both modes of operation.
- the flow rate of the first working fluid was 1055 Nm 3 / h and the flow rate of the second working fluid was 3617 Nm 3. / h.
- the flow rate of the first working fluid was 927 Nm 3 / h, i.e. a reduction of 12% (relative deviation) from the first operating mode
- the flow rate of the second working fluid was 3400 Nm 3 / h, i.e. a reduction of 6% (relative deviation) compared to the first operating mode.
- a feed stream 200 formed of nitrogen was introduced into the exchanger E3. It had a pressure of around 35 bar and a temperature of around 20 ° C at the inlet of the second exchanger E2.
- a liquefied feed stream 201 was obtained at the outlet of the second exchanger, said stream 201 having a temperature of the order of -150 ° C and a pressure of the order of 34.5 bar.
- Fig. 6 shows a comparison of the heat exchanged - temperature (DH - T) exchange diagrams, or enthalpy curves, obtained on the one hand with a combination of cycles with pure working fluids according to simulation n ° 4 (in (a)) and on the other hand with a combination of cycles with mixed working fluids according to simulation n ° 5 (in (b)).
- Curves A, B, C, D illustrate the evolution of the quantity of heat exchanged as a function of temperature, respectively for natural gas and all the refrigerants which heat up and / or vaporize in the processes, including LNG (curves A and C) and all the circulating fluids which cool and / or condense in the processes, including the first and second working fluids (curves B and D), for each of the two configurations simulated. It can be seen in Fig. 6 b) that the average temperature difference is significantly reduced by the use of working fluids composed of a mixture of constituents, which explains the better efficiency of this cycle.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1908494A FR3099234B1 (fr) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Procédé de récupération d’énergie frigorifique avec production d’électricité ou liquéfaction d’un courant gazeux |
PCT/FR2020/051287 WO2021019143A1 (fr) | 2019-07-26 | 2020-07-16 | Procédé de récupération d'énergie frigorifique avec production d'électricité ou liquéfaction d'un courant gazeux |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4004467A1 true EP4004467A1 (fr) | 2022-06-01 |
Family
ID=68501799
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20754325.7A Withdrawn EP4004467A1 (fr) | 2019-07-26 | 2020-07-16 | Procédé de récupération d'énergie frigorifique avec production d'électricité ou liquéfaction d'un courant gazeux |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4004467A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022542137A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20220047785A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3099234B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021019143A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT202100030674A1 (it) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-06-03 | Saipem Spa | Processo di stabilizzazione della rete elettrica, della rete gas e/o della rete idrogeno |
FR3128011B1 (fr) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-06-28 | Air Liquide | Procédé et appareil de refroidissement d’un débit riche en CO2 |
FR3145971A1 (fr) * | 2023-02-17 | 2024-08-23 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procédé et appareil de liquéfaction d’un gaz riche en dioxyde de carbone |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2567586A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-02 | Expansion Power Inc. | Methode de regazeification du gaz naturel liquefie pour produire de l'air liquide |
US7821158B2 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2010-10-26 | Expansion Energy, Llc | System and method for liquid air production, power storage and power release |
EP2278210A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-16 | 2011-01-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procédé de gazéification de gaz naturel liquéfié et appareil destiné à cet effet |
JP6087196B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2017-03-01 | レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | 低温圧縮ガスまたは液化ガスの製造装置および製造方法 |
CN105545390A (zh) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-04 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | 一种lng冷能梯级利用方法 |
CN105865149B (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-07-31 | 暨南大学 | 一种利用液化天然气冷能生产液态空气的方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-07-26 FR FR1908494A patent/FR3099234B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-07-16 EP EP20754325.7A patent/EP4004467A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-07-16 JP JP2022505200A patent/JP2022542137A/ja active Pending
- 2020-07-16 KR KR1020227005704A patent/KR20220047785A/ko unknown
- 2020-07-16 WO PCT/FR2020/051287 patent/WO2021019143A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3099234B1 (fr) | 2021-07-30 |
KR20220047785A (ko) | 2022-04-19 |
FR3099234A1 (fr) | 2021-01-29 |
WO2021019143A1 (fr) | 2021-02-04 |
JP2022542137A (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP4004467A1 (fr) | Procédé de récupération d'énergie frigorifique avec production d'électricité ou liquéfaction d'un courant gazeux | |
JP6538884B2 (ja) | ガス処理システムを含む船舶 | |
KR102196751B1 (ko) | 액화가스 연료의 냉열을 이용한 액체공기 저장 시스템 | |
EP4004347A1 (fr) | Procédé de production d'énergie électrique utilisant plusieurs cycles de rankine combinés | |
FR3053771B1 (fr) | Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel et de recuperation d'eventuels liquides du gaz naturel comprenant deux cycles refrigerant semi-ouverts au gaz naturel et un cycle refrigerant ferme au gaz refrigerant | |
US20170038008A1 (en) | Cold utilization system, energy system comprising cold utilization system, and method for utilizing cold utilization system | |
EP1118827B1 (fr) | Procédé de liquéfaction partielle d'un fluide contenant des hydrocarbures tel que du gaz naturel | |
EP2724100B1 (fr) | Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel a triple circuit ferme de gaz réfrigérant | |
Khor et al. | Recovery of cold energy from liquefied natural gas regasification: Applications beyond power cycles | |
FR2675888A1 (fr) | Procede a l'utilisation du gaz naturel liquefie (gnl) associe a un expanseur a froid pour produire de l'azote liquide. | |
US20090100845A1 (en) | Power and regasification system for lng | |
FR2818365A1 (fr) | Procede de refrigeration d'un gaz liquefie, gaz obtenus par ce procede, et installation mettant en oeuvre celui-ci | |
US20070271932A1 (en) | Method for vaporizing and heating a cryogenic fluid | |
FR2993643A1 (fr) | Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel avec changement de phase | |
FR2977014A1 (fr) | Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel avec un melange de gaz refrigerant. | |
MX2008015857A (es) | Proceso y planta para la evaporacion de gas natural licuado y almacenamiento del mismo. | |
WO2021019147A1 (fr) | Procédé de production d'énergie électrique utilisant plusieurs cycles de rankine combinés | |
FR3053770A1 (fr) | Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel et de recuperation d'eventuels liquides du gaz naturel comprenant un cycle refrigerant semi-ouvert au gaz naturel et deux cycles refrigerant fermes au gaz refrigerant | |
FR2944096A1 (fr) | Procede et systeme frigorifique pour la recuperation de la froideur du methane par des fluides frigorigenes. | |
FR3117538A1 (fr) | Procédé et installation de production d’énergie électrique à partir d’un courant d’hydrocarbures avec contrôle de la pression haute du fluide de travail | |
Zoughaib et al. | Exergy recovery during LNG gasification using ambient air as heat source | |
Srilekha et al. | Enhancing sustainability of natural gas value chain via waste cold recovery | |
Shingan et al. | Advanced Design of Power Generation Cycle with Cold Utilization from LNG | |
FR3117536A1 (fr) | Procédé et installation de production d’énergie électrique à partir d’un courant d’hydrocarbures avec contrôle de la pression basse du fluide de travail | |
WO2020245510A1 (fr) | Installation pour produire du gnl à partir de gaz naturel, support flottant intégrant une telle installation, et procédé correspondant |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220228 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230605 |