EP4001748A1 - Spotlights and lamp with a plurality of such spotlights - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to lights that use a large number of spotlights to generate a luminous field that can be adjusted in terms of its field width and/or its focus and, if necessary, also in terms of its color temperature. Such lights are used, for example, as surgical lights. The invention also relates to the individual radiators of such a lamp, such a radiator having a matrix-like light source arrangement (4), an optical element (5) for shaping the light emitted by the light source arrangement into a beam (6) and an adjustment device (13) for adjustment of expanding and/or focusing the beam of rays (6). According to the invention, the optical element (5) for shaping the light received from the light source matrix is designed to reflect all of the received light the same number of times when it is shaped into a bundle of rays (6), the number of reflection processes R of each received light beam at the optical element (5 ) satisfies the relationship 0 ≤ R ≤ n and n is a natural number ≤ 10, the adjustment device (13) having an operating mode for adjusting the emission direction and/or main axis of the beam (6), in which for tilting the emission direction and/or Main axis of the beam different subgroups of the light sources are controlled, which are arranged offset to different degrees asymmetrically to the main optical axis (11) of the optical element (5).

Description

The present invention generally relates to lights that use a large number of spotlights to generate a luminous field that can be adjusted in terms of its field width and/or its focus and, if necessary, also in terms of its color temperature. Such lights are used, for example, as surgical lights. The invention also relates to the individual emitters of such a lamp, with such an emitter having a matrix-like light source arrangement, an optical element for shaping the light emitted by the light source arrangement into a beam of rays, and an adjustment device for adjusting the widening and/or focusing of the beam of rays.

Lights, such as surgical lights, often include an array of emitters, each emitting a bundle of rays, which together produce a luminous field that illuminates a specific target area, such as a wound in a patient on an operating table, in the manner of a column of light. Typically, such surgical lights or similar lights illuminate very small fields with very high illuminance levels of the order of 1 to 2 times the illuminance of the sun, with, for example Fields of 10 to 40 cm or 15 to 30 cm in size can be illuminated at a distance of about 1 m.

In order to achieve optimal lighting conditions in the target area, it is helpful if the width or diameter of the illuminated field can be adjusted or if the focus can be changed in order to have a certain field width at a certain distance from the lamp. In addition to the adjustability of the field width and focus, the light color or color temperature in the light field can also be changed in order to achieve the desired illumination or to be able to adapt the illumination to different boundary conditions.

Such lights are known from practice, for example under the product name marLED X ^® from the company KLS Martin or under the product name TruLight 5000 ^® from the company Trumpf Medical, a surgical light is known which can be switched with regard to the color temperature generated in the light field and whose light field with regard to of the diameter can be gradually adjusted. The spotlights combined in a plate-shaped or plate-shaped luminaire body each comprise LEDs as light sources, the emitted light of which is formed into bundles of rays by means of optical elements, which together produce the luminous field of the luminaire.

In order to gradually adjust the width or the diameter of the illuminated field, such lights regularly have two or more types of spotlight groups, which are switched on and off alternatively or switched on in combination depending on the desired diameter of the illuminated field. The individual radiators themselves have a fixed expansion or a fixed zoom factor. The narrow beam radiators are switched on to generate a narrower column of light, while the broader beaming or defocused radiators are switched on or possibly also switched on to generate a wider column of light. In this case, more than two groups of radiators can also be provided in order to be able to adjust the field width in more than two stages, with the radiators being switched on and off in the digital sense or alternatively also being dimmed to different levels of brightness so that, for example, a wide lens can be driven to 10% of the maximum brightness and a narrow lens to 90% of the maximum brightness to achieve a narrow column of light.

However, this ability to switch between different groups of radiators or their ability to be dimmed to different brightness levels means that there are always black or non-illuminated or hardly illuminated sections in the luminaire, namely always there where a corresponding radiator is currently switched off because the beam of rays it generates does not fit in terms of expansion. This has various disadvantages. For example, multi-shadows occur when, for example, an operator's hand reaches into the light column. In addition, a large number of radiators or components is required, which is doubled or tripled, so to speak, if the field width is to be adjustable in two or three stages.

As an alternative, it has already been proposed to set the light field to the desired width or the desired diameter by mechanical adjustment of the radiator optics. In this case, by tilting the individual radiators or optical elements, a wider or narrower superimposition or a wider or narrower illuminated field can be generated overall. The advantage of this mechanically adjustable solution is that the body of the luminaire is always uniformly or completely illuminated, since it is not necessary to switch off individual spotlights in order to change the width of the illuminated field. On the other hand, the mechanism for adjusting the optical elements is complex and usually also expensive.

Furthermore, it has also already been proposed to electronically zoom the beam of such emitters by individually controlling individual LEDs of an LED cluster in order to expand or focus the light emitted by the emitter by skillfully switching on and off individual light sources or light source groups of the matrix-like light source arrangement provided on the emitter to adjust the beam of rays emitted, cf., for example DE 10 2018 106 223 A1 and DE 10 2017 213 488 A1 .

By individually controlling the individual light sources, the light source can, so to speak, be adjusted relative to the main axis of the optical element, as a result of which the bundle of rays emitted by the optical element is shaped differently. It should be noted, however, that this is not about imaging optics, for example in the sense of a beamer or a slide projector, but about the bright illumination of a specific target area with very high illuminance levels in the most uniform way possible. As mentioned at the outset, a wound on a patient who is on an operating table, for example, should be illuminated very brightly and without shadows, and the beam of rays should be adapted to the size and position of the target area.

In such known spotlights with an electronic zoom function, the size of the light field in the target area and also its contouring has so far been adjusted from circular to oval and vice versa by switching different LED pixels or different subgroups of the matrix-like light source arrangement on and off or down - and be dimmed up.

Nevertheless, it has hitherto been difficult with such emitters with an electronic zoom function to actually direct the luminous field generated in the target area onto the desired area of the target area or the target plane. So far, this has primarily been solved by moving the radiators back and forth transversely to the main beam direction of the beam, which is made possible, for example, by a displaceable or articulated suspension of the operating lights, or adjustable operating tables are used to position the patient with his wound area exactly in the to be able to drive beam cones. However, both are relatively complex, since operating lights regularly consist of not just one radiator, but also include a larger radiator field and in this respect form a massive and space-consuming unit that is difficult to tilt and move.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an improved lamp of the type mentioned and an improved radiator for such a lamp To create light, avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and develop the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular, a simple adjustability with regard to the alignment of the illuminated field generated in the target area should be achieved without having to buy this through lighting impairments such as multiple or colored shadows or requiring expensive, sensitive adjustment mimics and a large number of components for this.

According to the invention, the stated object is achieved by radiators according to claim 1 and a luminaire with a plurality of such radiators according to claim 15. Preferred developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

It is therefore proposed to set the main direction of emission or the alignment of the generated beam of rays at the level of the emitters, at least not necessarily requiring different groups of emitters in order to be able to adjust the illuminated field with regard to its position in the target area. It is proposed to tilt the main emission direction of the bundle of rays emitted by the emitter by skilfully switching on and off individual light sources or light source groups of the matrix-like light source arrangement provided on a emitter, in order at least not to necessarily require mechanical zoom optics or mechanical adjustability of the optics elements.

According to the invention, the optical element for shaping the light received from the light source matrix is designed to reflect all of the received light the same number of times when it is shaped into a bundle of rays, with the number of reflection processes R of each received light beam on the optical element satisfying the relationship 0≦R≦n and n is a natural number ≤ 10, wherein the adjusting device has an operating mode for adjusting the direction of emission and/or main axis of the beam of rays, in which, in order to tilt the direction of emission and/or main axis of the beam of rays, different subgroups of the light sources are controlled which are asymmetrical to different extents with respect to the optical main axis of the optical element are arranged offset.

This approach to adjusting the light field is based on the consideration that the bundle of rays emitted by an optical element shifts, depending on where the light, which the optical element then transforms, strikes the optical element. Depending on which position a light source assumes relative to the main optical axis of the optical element, the optical element emits the light received from the light source in different directions or with different main axes and possibly also different expansions.

If, by skilfully switching on and off or dimming up and down light sources or groups of light sources arranged asymmetrically to different degrees, light that is offset to different degrees transversely from its main optical axis is applied to the optical element, the optical element emits a differently aligned or tilted beam.

Such an electronic adjustment of the widening and/or focusing of the beam of rays at the level of the radiator itself not only makes it possible to dispense with expensive and complex mechanical adjustment devices, but also avoids undesirable lighting disadvantages such as multiple shadows, as are the case with luminaire fields with two types of radiators the light field adjustment occur, or color shadows, as they occur in light fields with two different colored radiator groups. At the same time, the required number of parts can be drastically reduced.

The equal number of reflection processes on the optical element allows the main emission direction of the generated beam to be tilted cleanly, without having the counter-effects that occur in previous radiators with electronic zoom. In previous radiators with an electronic zoom, part of the light beams is regularly emitted unreflected at the optical element that forms the beam bundle, while another part of the light beams is reflected once. For example, if you look at a conventional reflector that captures the light from an LED matrix arranged on the reflector base, the LED matrix Laterally emitted light beams are reflected on the reflector wall and thus reflected once into the bundle of rays emitted by the reflector, while the central part of the light emitted by the LED_Matrix passes unreflected through the center of the reflector into the bundle of rays emitted overall. The entire light received by the optical element means in this respect the entire light impinging on the optical element and/or passing through the optical element, which forms the shaped beam of rays of the radiator downstream of the optical element.

Due to this different number of reflection processes, which can also occur with conventional lenses with total reflection, compensation processes occur when the beam of rays is emitted and at least part of the change in direction, which is achieved by switching on and off light sources at different distances from the main axis, is nullified again, since light rays which, for example, have not been reflected at all are deflected in the opposite direction than, for example, light rays which have been reflected once, when the LED pixel pattern is shifted towards the main axis of the optical element. Such compensation effects with regard to the tilting of the light beam direction can be avoided by the design of the optical element mentioned, which reflects all the light beams received by the light source arrangement the same number of times.

Depending on the design of the optical element, the number of reflection processes that is the same for all light beams can be different. For example, a lens working with total reflection can be designed to deflect all received light rays twice by total reflection or, if necessary, by reflection when a reflective coating is provided, it being possible for the light rays to be deflected two more times by refraction when entering and exiting the lens. each ray of light is deflected four times, twice by reflection and twice by refraction.

If a reflector is used as the optical element, all light beams can be deflected exactly once, with the light source matrix and the reflector being arranged in such a way that no unreflected light beams emerge from the reflector and/or the light emitted by the light source arrangement is essentially completely directed onto the reflector falls.

On the other hand, however, a lens can also be used as the optical element, which provides no deflections at all by reflection for all received light beams, so that in this case the number of reflections mentioned is zero. Such a lens deflects the received light rays only by refraction at the entrance and exit surfaces. This also makes it possible to avoid the described compensation effect with regard to the deflection caused by reflection that takes place at different times.

In a further development of the invention, the matrix-like light source arrangement can comprise at least one light source or group which is arranged symmetrically and/or coaxially with respect to the main optical axis of the optical element emitting the beam of rays, and at least one further light source or group which is arranged with respect to the said main optical axis of the The optical element is arranged asymmetrically or transversely offset thereto, with the symmetrically arranged and asymmetrically arranged light sources or groups mentioned being individually controllable, so that depending on the operating mode of the control device for setting the widening and/or focusing of the beam of rays, only one of the two light sources or Groups and at other times both light sources or groups radiate, so that the light bundles formed from this by the optical element complement each other or do not complement each other, in order to produce a beam that is expanded to different extents or focused differently to generate bundles.

In a further development of the invention, the matrix-like light source arrangement can also have three or more light sources or groups that can be controlled individually and are transversely offset to different extents or are arranged asymmetrically to different degrees with respect to the main optical axis of the optical element, so that different Combination of the light sources or groups of light sources mentioned, widenings of different magnitudes or different focussing of the beam of rays generated as a whole can be achieved.

In particular, the control device mentioned for controlling the light sources individually and/or in groups can be designed to broaden the beam of rays and/or to bring the focal plane of the beam closer together in a cascade-like manner to switch on light sources or groups that are increasingly transversely offset and/or that are increasingly asymmetrically arranged, so that the light beam generated by all of the illuminating light sources together, which is applied to the optical element and transformed by the latter into a beam, is positioned more and more asymmetrically to the main optical axis of the optical element or more and more transversely offset from it. As a result of the cascade-like connection of increasingly asymmetrically positioned light sources or groups, the transverse offset of the light beam generated by the light sources as a whole in relation to the main optical axis of the optical element increases more and more, so that the optical element generates an ever wider or increasingly tilted beam.

The matrix-like light source arrangement can be arranged overall asymmetrically to the main optical axis of the optical element, with advantageously part of the light source arrangement, i.e. a light source or a light source group, being arranged symmetrically and/or coaxially to the main optical axis of the optical element. In other words, the main optical axis of the optical element can pass through the matrix-like light source arrangement, but advantageously not in the middle, but through a section that is offset from the center of the light source arrangement. In this way, efficient utilization of the light source arrangement can be achieved or maximum adjustment of the widening or focusing or tilting of the beam of rays can be achieved with a minimum number of light sources.

In principle, however, it would also be possible to arrange the matrix-like light source arrangement symmetrically to the main optical axis of the optical element and to carry out the desired adjustment of the widening of the beam of rays by symmetrically controlling the light sources or light source groups. The widening of the bundle of rays can be controlled by switching on and off or dimming light sources or subgroups at different distances from the main axis, which are arranged symmetrically to the main axis on different sides of the main axis of the optical element. For example, a relatively narrow bundle of rays can be generated in that only one light source or group of light sources arranged in the area of the main axis radiates, while light sources that are further away from the main axis are switched off or dimmed down. In order to widen the light beam, these additional light sources or groups, which are arranged further away from the main axis and can be positioned, for example, to the right and left of the central light source group, can be switched on or dimmed up, so that the emitted light beam is broadened.

With such a symmetrical connection, different cross-sectional contours of the beam can also be generated in a development of the invention, it being possible in particular for a circular beam to be changed to an elliptical or oval beam or vice versa. For example, light sources that are arranged along an axis perpendicular to the main axis of the optical element on opposite sides of said main axis can be switched on or dimmed up, while no other light sources are dimmed up or switched on in a direction perpendicular thereto. Depending on the nature of the optics, not only can an adjustment be made between circular and elliptical or oval cross-sectional contours of the light column, but also, for example, a change from approximately square to approximately rectangular cross-sectional contours of the light column can be provided.

Such an adjustment or change in the cross-sectional contour of the light column can in particular also take place at the level of the entire luminaire. For example, if the luminaire has a matrix-like field of radiators, the radiators positioned along an axis of the matrix-like arrangement can be changed in their activation, while the radiators lined up in a transverse direction thereto experience no change in the activation. If, for example, the emitters along a main axis of the emitter field are widened in their beam bundles by dimming up or switching on the light sources or groups of these emitters or tilted relative to the main axis of the optics, specifically the emitters further away from the center, while there is no change in a transverse direction the control takes place, the cross section of the light column generated jointly by the emitters can be stretched or, conversely, compressed, or the beam bundle can be tilted relative to the main axis of the optics.

In a further development of the invention, the light source arrangement can have a rectangular contour overall, with the light source arrangement advantageously being able to be arranged off-centre in the direction of the longer main axis of the rectangle with respect to the main optical axis of the optical element. The light source field defined by the light sources can define an enveloping contour which is rectangular in the manner mentioned or forms at least approximately a rectangle.

In principle, however, it is also possible to provide a light source field or matrix-like light source pattern with square contours or a polygonal, for example hexagonal or also round, for example circular or oval. Regardless of the specific geometric shape of the enveloping contour around the matrix-like light source arrangement, the light source arrangement can be positioned overall asymmetrically or else symmetrically with respect to the main optical axis. As stated, the widening of the bundle of rays or its focusing or its tilting can be carried out by driving the light sources or light source groups of the light source arrangement to different extents asymmetrically or symmetrically.

In order to have a specific illuminated field width or a specific illuminated field diameter in a target area to be illuminated, the focussing of the beam of rays can advantageously be set or adjusted automatically. In particular, distance detection can be provided, which detects the distance between the target area to be illuminated and the optical element, with the said control device driving the light source arrangement more or less asymmetrically depending on the detected distance in order to generate the desired illuminated field in the target area.

For example, the light can have a distance sensor to detect the target area such as the height of an operating table. The control device then controls the light source arrangement depending on the detected distance in such a way that the illuminated field in the target area has the desired width or the desired diameter or the desired (e.g. circular, elliptical or oval) cross-sectional contour or the focal plane of the generated light column in the target area lies. The distance detection device can work cyclically or continuously, for example when the height of the operating table is adjusted or the distance between the target area and the radiator changes due to other circumstances, so that the focal plane can be automatically readjusted by the control device making the light source arrangement more or less asymmetrical drives.

In order to avoid optically undesirable effects such as color fringes, color shadows or color spots occurring on objects lying in the beam such as a surgeon's hand in the beam of rays emitted by the radiator, in an advantageous development of the invention mixed optics can be provided between the matrix-like light source arrangement and the optical element that forms the beam of rays. which mixes the light emitted by the light sources of the light source arrangement before the light strikes said optical element. Such a mixed optics upstream of the optics element can, in particular be advantageous if the light source arrangement comprises light sources of different colors.

The said mixing optics can in principle be designed differently, with a segmented mixing rod advantageously being provided, the segments of which can each be assigned to an individually switchable light source or group of the matrix-like light source arrangement. In particular, a mixing rod bundle can be used as the mixing optics, the individual mixing rod elements of which adjoin one another on the peripheral side.

The mixing optics mentioned can advantageously be arranged asymmetrically or transversely offset overall with respect to the main optical axis of the optics element. In particular, the mixing optics can be arranged coaxially or symmetrically to the matrix-like light source arrangement. If the light source arrangement is arranged overall asymmetrically to the main optical axis of the optical element, the mixing optics can also be arranged asymmetrically or transversely offset in a corresponding manner.

The use of such mixing optics, in particular a segmented mixing rod for mixing different colored light, can be used in a favorable manner, possibly also in conjunction with an optical element that reflects different light beams at different times, to orientate the beam formed by the optical element with regard to its emission direction and / or to tilt the main emission direction by turning on and off or dimming down or up light sources individually or in groups that are asymmetrical to the main axis of the mixing optics and/or that are at different distances from the main axis. The light color can be set in the desired color at the same time as the main emission direction is tilted, for example by switching light sources of different colors assigned to an individual rod segment on and off or dimming them up or down.

Fig. 1:

eine Draufsicht auf das Strahlerfeld einer Leuchte nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung, wobei eine Vielzahl an Strahler in einem insgesamt hexagonalen Strahlerfeld angeordnet sind,

Fig. 2:

eine Schnittansicht eines der Strahler der Leuchte aus Fig. 1, wobei die matrixartige Lichtquellenanordnung und deren asymmetrische Anordnung bezüglich der optischen Hauptachse des Optikelements des Strahlers gezeigt ist,

Fig. 3:

das von dem Strahler aus Fig. 2 erzeugte Strahlenbündel, wenn nur dessen symmetrisch angeordnete Lichtquellengruppe 0 leuchtet,

Fig. 4:

eine schematische Darstellung des Strahlenbündels ähnlich Fig. 3, wenn zusätzlich zur symmetrisch angeordneten Lichtquellengruppe 0 auch die asymmetrisch angeordnete Lichtquellengruppe 1 eingeschaltet ist, wobei durch die strichlierte Linie in Fig. 4 auch die Verbreiterung des Strahlenbündels durch symmetrische Zuschaltung dargestellt ist,

Fig. 5:

eine schematische Darstellung des Strahlenbündels ähnlich den Figuren 3 und 4, wenn die Lichtquellengruppen 0, 1 und 2 eingeschaltet sind,

Fig. 6:

eine Darstellung der durch verschiedene Lichtquellengruppen erzeugbaren Strahlenbündelanteile und deren kombinatorische Erzeugung zur Verstellung der Fokusebene und/oder Verkippung der Haupstrahlrichtung des Strahlers aus Fig. 2, wobei die Teilansicht a die Einzelanteile des Strahlenbündels zeigt, die Teilansicht b die durch verschiedenes Zuschalten erzeugbare Leuchtfeldbreite in einer mittleren Fokusebene, die Teilansicht c die durch verschiedenes Zuschalten erzeugbare Leuchtfeldbreite in einer nahen Fokusebene und die Teilansicht d die durch verschiedenes Zuschalten erzeugbare Leuchtfeldbreite in einer weit entfernten Fokusebene, wobei die in den verschiedenen Teilansichten der Fig. 6 dargestellten Felder mit gegenüberliegenden Strahlern in der Leuchte erzeugt werden können oder auch durch symmetrische Zuschaltung weiter beabstandeter Lichtquellen ergänzt werden können,

Fig. 7:

einen Schnitt durch das Optikelement des Strahlers aus Fig. 2, der den Strahlengang durch das Optikelement zeigt, wobei das genannte Optikelement in Form einer scheibenförmigen Linse ausgebildet ist, die nur zweifach reflektiertes Licht austreten lässt,

Fig. 8:

einen Schnitt durch eine als Optikelement dienende, alternativ konturierte Linse,

Fig. 9:

einen Schnitt durch einen als Optikelement dienenden Reflektor

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments and associated drawings. In the drawings show:

Figure 1:

a plan view of the radiator field of a lamp according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein a large number of radiators are arranged in a hexagonal radiator field overall,

Figure 2:

a sectional view of one of the spotlights of the lamp 1 , wherein the matrix-like light source arrangement and its asymmetrical arrangement with respect to the main optical axis of the optical element of the radiator is shown,

Figure 3:

that from the radiator 2 generated bundle of rays if only its symmetrically arranged light source group 0 lights up,

Figure 4:

a schematic representation of the beam of rays similar 3 , when, in addition to the symmetrically arranged light source group 0, the asymmetrically arranged light source group 1 is also switched on, with the dotted line in 4 the broadening of the beam of rays is also shown by symmetrical switching on,

Figure 5:

a schematic representation of the ray bundle similar to that figures 3 and 4 , when light source groups 0, 1 and 2 are on,

Figure 6:

a representation of the beam components that can be generated by different light source groups and their combinatorial generation for adjusting the focal plane and/or tilting the main beam direction of the radiator 2 , whereby partial view a shows the individual components of the beam, partial view b shows the width of the illuminated field that can be generated by switching it on in different ways in a central focal plane, partial view c shows the width of the illuminated field that can be generated by switching it on in different ways in a near focal plane, and partial view d shows the width of different switching on generated light field width in a distant focal plane, with the in the different views of the 6 The fields shown can be generated in the luminaire with radiators located opposite one another or can also be supplemented by symmetrically switching on light sources that are further apart,

Figure 7:

a section through the optical element of the radiator 2 , which shows the beam path through the optical element, wherein said optical element is designed in the form of a disc-shaped lens that only allows twice reflected light to exit,

Figure 8:

a section through an alternatively contoured lens serving as an optical element,

Figure 9:

a section through a reflector serving as an optical element

As 1 shows, the lamp 1 can comprise a field of radiators 2, which can be arranged at least approximately in one plane or along a harmoniously contoured surface. For example, the radiators 2 mentioned can be arranged on a plate or plate-shaped lamp body 3, which can be accommodated in a housing or form part of a housing. For example, the lamp 1 can be designed as an operating room lamp, which can be mounted on a support arm in a position-adjustable manner in order to be able to position the lamp 1 with a precise fit in a position above the target area to be illuminated. In principle, however, other applications or suspension and assembly options are also possible.

The radiators 2 can advantageously be arranged next to one another and/or distributed uniformly, it being possible for more than five or more than ten or more than twenty radiators 2 to be combined to form the luminaire 1, for example.

In this case, the radiators 2 can be configured essentially identically to one another. Irrespective of this, the spotlights 2 can all light up or radiate during operation, preferably regardless of the diameter or width of the luminous field generated jointly by the spotlights 2 and regardless of how the widening and/or focusing of the Spotlights 2 jointly generated light column is set.

As 2 shows, each of the radiators 2 can comprise a matrix-like light source arrangement 4, which can be embodied in the form of an LED cluster, for example. Advantageously, the light source arrangement 4 comprises a multiplicity of preferably punctiform light sources which can be controlled individually and/or in groups and which are arranged uniformly distributed in a field, for example can be arranged on a supply circuit board.

For example, the light source arrangement 4 can comprise more than two or more than four or more than six or, as in the case shown, 8 or more than ten or even more than fifteen or more than twenty light sources, which are preferably evenly distributed next to one another in several pure columns.

The light source arrangement 4 can have an overall rectangular or square or also polygonal or polygonal, such as hexagonal, or also round or rounded such as oval or elliptical envelope contour, the envelope contour mentioned meaning the outline contour of the light source field.

The light sources of the light source arrangement 4 are advantageously distributed in a common plane.

The radiator 2 also has how 2 shows an optical element 5, which can advantageously be designed in the form of a lens or in the form of a reflector or in the form of a mixed form of lens and reflector, in order to shape the light received from the light source arrangement 4 into a bundle of rays 6, which is emitted by the optical element 5 and thus by the radiator 2 in order to illuminate the respective target area. In particular, the emitters 2 of the lamp 1 can jointly illuminate a common target area, such as an operating table, and for this purpose emit a light column in which the beams 6 of the emitters 2 complement and/or overlap.

Said optical element 5 is designed such that all light beams captured by optical element 5 are reflected the same number of times, with the number of reflection processes R preferably satisfying the relationship 0<R<n, where n is a natural number and preferably ≦10. Advantageously, the number of reflection processes R can be less than or equal to 1 and/or less than 8 or less than 5 or less than 3 independently of this.

As 2 shows, the optical element 5 can be designed, for example, in the form of a disc-shaped or flat, plate-like lens which has a light entry surface 7 which can be provided on a flat side of the lens and can be contoured concavely or in the form of a cup-shaped recess.

The lens can be reflective or totally reflective on a side opposite the light entry surface, so that no non-reflected portion of light can escape from the lens. In again 7 shows the beam path 8 shown, a beam coming from the light source arrangement 4 can be deflected at the light entry surface 7 by refraction and then reflected back on the opposite flat side of the lens by total reflection in order to be thrown onto the ring-shaped lens surface that surrounds the light entry surface 7. The beam path 8 can be deflected again at said ring surface 9, for example by a reflective coating that can be applied to the lens, or, depending on the lens contour, by total reflection, in order to be directed to the light exit surface 10, which is ring-shaped on one flat side, for example the lens can be provided. In this case, at least one of the surfaces of the optical element 5, on which the beam path 8 is deflected, can be faceted, in particular provided with micro-facets, in order to make it more uniform and by mixing the light captured by the optical element 5. In particular, the ring-shaped deflection surface 9, which directs the internal beam path 8 to the light exit surface, can be designed with such faceting, cf. 7 . In particular, each light beam 8 can be reflected twice on the emission-side end surface of the lens and on the opposite ring surface 9 .

Instead of such in the 7 However, a differently contoured lens can also be used as the optical element 5, for example a teardrop-shaped lens, as shown in 8 is shown. Such a lens can have a light entry surface 7 facing the light source arrangement 4, for example with a slightly concave contour, and have a light exit surface 10 opposite or facing away from the light entry surface 7, which can be significantly more curved than the light entry surface and/or bulbous or convex. In particular, the lens can be designed to emit all received light beams without reflection, so that the beam paths are only deflected by refraction at the lens entry and exit surfaces.

As 9 shows, a reflector can also be provided as the optical element 5, which can be curved, for example, in the shape of a shell or shell or else in the shape of a double shell or double shell. For example, the arrangement with such a reflector can be such that the light source arrangement 4 itself radiates in the wrong direction, i.e. the light radiates in the opposite direction to the bundle of rays 6 to be radiated into the reflector, which then throws back the received light and in the form of the desired one Beam of rays 6 emits. The reflector is designed in particular to reflect all light beams once, so that no unreflected beams emerge from the reflector.

As 2 shows, the matrix-like light source arrangement 4 is advantageously arranged asymmetrically with respect to the main optical axis 11 of the optical element 5 . Said main optical axis 11 of the optical element 5 can indeed pass through the light source field or the light source arrangement 4, but not through the center of the light source arrangement 4, but rather through a section that is eccentrically offset thereto. If an overall approximately rectangular light source arrangement 4 is provided, the light source arrangement 4 can be offset in the direction of the longer main axis of the rectangle.

In particular, the light source arrangement 4 can be positioned relative to the main optical axis 11 of the optical element 5 in such a way that one light source or group is positioned symmetrically to the main optical axis 11 and at least one other light source or group is positioned asymmetrically or transversely offset to the main optical axis 11. Advantageously, at least one light source or group is arranged symmetrically and at least two other light sources or groups are eccentrically offset to the main axis 11, the two at least two other light sources or groups mentioned advantageously being offset transversely to the main axis 11 by different amounts.

For example, a row of light sources 0 can be arranged symmetrically to the main optical axis 11, a further row of light sources 1 can be arranged adjacent to row of light sources 0 but offset from the main axis 11, and a further row of light sources 2 can be arranged adjacent to the aforementioned row of light sources 1 and further offset transversely from the main axis 11. An additional row of light sources -1 can in turn be arranged adjacent to the symmetrical row of light sources 0, but offset transversely to the opposite side, cf. 2 .

The symmetrically and asymmetrically or differently asymmetrically arranged light sources or groups of the light source arrangement 4 can advantageously be controlled individually or in groups by a control device 12, in particular can be switched on and off and/or dimmed. Said control device 12 can have an electronic controller, for example comprising a processor control unit, and be part of a setting device 13 or be connected to such a setting device 13 which is used for variable Adjustment of the widening and / or focusing of the beam 6 is provided. Said adjustment device 13 can have input means for entering or preselecting a desired widening and/or focusing, for example in the form of an adjustment button, an adjustment knob or a touchscreen or in the form of other input means. Alternatively or additionally, the setting device 13 can also be designed to work automatically or have an automatic mode in order to set the widening and/or focusing of the beam of rays 6 automatically in the form of an operating and/or environmental parameter.

For example, the lamp 1 can include a distance sensor 14 which has the distance of the lamp 1 and/or a radiator 2 from the target area to be illuminated, with the control device 12 controlling the light sources of the light source arrangement 4 depending on the detected distance.

Like comparing the Figures 3 to 5 shows, the bundle of rays 6 of the radiator 2 widens or narrows, depending on which light sources or groups are controlled. For example, if only the symmetrically arranged row of light sources 0 is switched on, cf. 3 , a narrow beam 6 is generated.

If, in addition to the symmetrical light source row 0, the adjacent light source row 1, which is asymmetrical to the main axis 11, is switched on, a wider beam 6 is generated, since the part of the beam coming from the asymmetrical light sources is emitted by the optical element 5 in a more strongly deflected manner, cf. 4 .

The additional line L in 4 also the option of generating a broadened beam of rays by symmetrically switching on light sources that are further away. In particular, the additional line L illustrates the broadened part of the beam that is obtained when the LED assembly -1 is switched on or dimmed up, so that in this case the light source groups -1, 0 and 1 radiate with comparable intensity. The broadening of the beam of rays can therefore be generated not only by supplementing or superimposing asymmetrically switched on or dimmed up light sources, but also by switching on or dimming up light sources or groups that are spaced further and further from the main axis but are arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis.

If, in addition to the symmetrically arranged light source row 0, the adjacent, asymmetrically arranged light source row 1 and the in turn adjacent, even more asymmetrically arranged light source row 2 are operated, a further broadened or more greatly expanded beam of rays 6 can be generated, cf. figure 5 .

Like the partial views of 6 comparatively illustrate, by switching more or less asymmetrically arranged light sources or groups on and off, the focal plane of the beam 6 can also be changed or different widths or diameters of the beam 6 can be set in different focal planes, depending on which of the light sources of the light source arrangement 4 are operated.

Figure 6a shows the beam portions that can be generated by the individual light sources or rows of light sources, while the partial views 6b, 6c and 6d show the beams 6 that can be generated by different combinations of the beam portions, with partial view b again showing the field widths or beam diameters that can be generated in a focal plane at a distance of, for example, 1 m, partial view c shows the field widths or beam diameters that can be generated in a focal plane at a distance of, for example, 0.7 m and partial view d shows different field widths or beam diameters in a focal plane at a distance of, for example, 1.5 m from the optical element 5 of the radiator 2.

As the figures 8 and 9 show, also with differently contoured lenses or a reflector as optical element 5 corresponding, in different directions radiated beam portions 6.0 and 6.1, which result in supplementing beams 6 that are expanded to different extents.

As 2 1, mixing optics 15 are advantageously provided between the light source arrangement 4 and the optics element 5, which can advantageously be designed in the manner of an elongate mixing rod in order to mix the light coming from the light source arrangement 4 even before it strikes the optics element 5.

In particular, said mixing optics 5 can be designed in the form of a segmented mixing rod, the rod segments of which form a bundle of rods and adjoin one another over a large area on the circumferential side.

The individual mixing rod segments 16 can be assigned to a respective light source or group, which can be individually controlled or switched on and off in order to mix the light of the respective light source or group.

As 2 shows, the light source groups that can be switched on and/or arranged asymmetrically to different extents can comprise light sources of different light colors, so that the differently colored light is mixed in the mixing optics 15, in particular in the respective mixing rod segment 16.

Claims (17)

Radiator with a matrix-like light source arrangement (4), an optical element (5) for shaping the light received from the light source arrangement (4) into a beam of rays (6), and an adjustment device (13) for adjusting the widening and/or focusing of the beam of rays ( 6), wherein the setting device (13) comprises a control device (12) for controlling the light sources of the light source arrangement (4) individually and/or in groups, which has different operating modes for setting the widening and/or focusing of the beam of rays (6), in which different subgroups of the light sources are controlled, characterized in that the optical element (5) is designed to reflect all of the received light the same number of times when it is formed into a bundle of rays (6), the number of reflection processes (R) of each received light beam at the Optical element (5) satisfies the relationship 0≦R<n and n is a natural number≦10, and d The adjusting device (13) has an operating mode for adjusting the emission direction and/or main axis of the beam (6), in which, in order to tilt the emission direction and/or main axis of the beam (6), different subgroups of the light sources are controlled which are asymmetrical to different extents with respect to the optical Main axis (11) of the optical element (5) are arranged offset. Radiator according to the preceding claim, wherein the number of reflection processes (R) of each light beam at the optical element (5) satisfies the relationship 0<R<5 or 0<R<3. Spotlight according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in a first operating mode of the control device (12) a first light source or group, which is arranged symmetrically with respect to the main optical axis of the optical element (5), lights up and a second light source or group, which with respect to the optical main axis of the optical element (5) is arranged asymmetrically and/or eccentrically offset, is switched off and/or dimmed down compared to the first light source or group, and in a second operating mode said first light source or group and at least said second light source or group with comparable intensities. Spotlight according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (12) is designed to tilt the main beam axis of the beam of rays (6) to switch on light sources or subgroups that are always further transversely offset in a cascade-like manner, so that the asymmetry of the light beam generated by all of the light sources that are shining in each case strikes the optical element (5), with respect to the main optical axis of the optical element (5) is getting stronger. Radiator according to one of the preceding claims, in which the light source arrangement (4) is arranged overall asymmetrically with respect to the main optical axis (11) of the optical element (5). Radiator according to the preceding claim, wherein the light source arrangement (4) has an overall rectangular contour and is offset eccentrically to the optical main axis (11) of the optical element (5) in the direction of the longer main axis of the rectangle. Radiator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjusting device (13) has a further operating mode for adjusting the widening of the beam of rays, in which different subgroups of the light sources are controlled, which are arranged symmetrically to the main optical axis (11) of the optical element (5), at different distances from the main optical axis (11) of the optical element (5). Radiator according to the preceding claim, wherein the control device (12) is designed to - to widen the bundle of rays (6) in a cascade-like manner, light sources that are spaced ever further from the main axis (11) of the optical element (5) or - to switch on subgroups, and/or - to generate an elliptical or oval or elongate beam (6) in cross section along an axis perpendicular to the main axis (11) of the optical element (5), switch on light sources or subgroups increasingly spaced further from the main axis (11) and/or along a second one Axis perpendicular to the main optical axis (11) of the optical element (5) further from the main axis (11) of the optical element (5) to switch off and / or dim light sources or subgroups spaced apart. Spotlight according to one of the preceding claims, wherein between the light source arrangement (4) and the optical element (5) a mixing optics (15) for complete or group mixing of the light emitted by the light sources or groups of the light source arrangement (4) is provided, the mixing optics (15) comprises a segmented mixing rod, the segments of which are each assigned to an individually switchable group of light sources, which have differently colored light sources whose differently colored light is mixed in the mixing rod segments. Radiator according to one of the preceding claims, in which the segmented mixing rod is arranged asymmetrically offset relative to the main optical axis of the optical element (5). Spotlight according to one of the preceding claims, in which the optics element (5) is designed in the form of a disk-shaped or flat, plate-like lens which has a reflecting and/or totally reflecting lens section opposite a light entry surface (7), from which light rays return onto an annular surface ( 9) are directed around the light entry surface (7), which annular surface (9) is designed to direct the rays onto an annular annular exit surface (10) on an opposite side of the lens. Radiator according to the preceding claim, wherein the annular surface (9) is provided with a faceting. Radiator according to one of Claims 1 to 10, in which the optical element (5) has a reflector, with the light source arrangement (4) being offset relative to the main axis of the reflector. Radiator according to one of Claims 1 to 10, in which the optical element (5) has an at least approximately round, bulbous lens, with the light source arrangement (4) being offset from the main axis of the lens. Luminaire with a large number of radiators (2), at least one of which is designed according to one of Claims 1 to 14. Luminaire according to the preceding claim, wherein the adjusting device (13) is designed to, even with different expansions and/or different focusings of the light column emitted jointly by the radiators (1), the same number, in particular all radiators (2) with at least approximately the same intensity to let shine. Use of a radiator with a matrix-like light source arrangement (4) and an optical element (5) shaping the light received from the light source arrangement (4) in a lamp for generating a differently expanded and/or focused beam of rays (6), with asymmetrical to the main optical axis ( 11) of the optical element (5) arranged Light sources of the matrix-like light source arrangement (4) for tilting the main emission direction of the beam (6) are controlled individually and/or in subgroups.

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