EP3999394A1 - Véhicule ferroviaire comportant un système de conduite en autonomie et procédé d'utilisation dudit véhicule ferrovaire - Google Patents
Véhicule ferroviaire comportant un système de conduite en autonomie et procédé d'utilisation dudit véhicule ferrovaireInfo
- Publication number
- EP3999394A1 EP3999394A1 EP20737049.5A EP20737049A EP3999394A1 EP 3999394 A1 EP3999394 A1 EP 3999394A1 EP 20737049 A EP20737049 A EP 20737049A EP 3999394 A1 EP3999394 A1 EP 3999394A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rail vehicle
- autonomous driving
- tram
- driving system
- track
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/041—Obstacle detection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
- B61C17/00—Arrangement or disposition of parts; Details or accessories not otherwise provided for; Use of control gear and control systems
- B61C17/12—Control gear; Arrangements for controlling locomotives from remote points in the train or when operating in multiple units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0062—On-board target speed calculation or supervision
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0063—Multiple on-board control systems, e.g. "2 out of 3"-systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0072—On-board train data handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/04—Automatic systems, e.g. controlled by train; Change-over to manual control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L2210/00—Vehicle systems
- B61L2210/02—Single autonomous vehicles
Definitions
- TITLE Rail vehicle comprising an autonomous driving system and method of using said rail vehicle
- the field of the invention is that of autonomous driving of a rail vehicle, and more particularly of a tram.
- level "4" of this autonomy scale the desired level of autonomy is level "4" of this autonomy scale.
- level "4" the operation of acceleration, braking and steering of the vehicle is managed automatically, the operation of monitoring the environment in which the vehicle is moving is managed automatically, and the reaction operation of the vehicle in the event of a problem (presence of an obstacle) is also managed by the vehicle.
- Level "4" differs from the highest level, level "5", in that the driving of the vehicle in autonomy is limited to certain predefined road sections and not to all the roads on which the vehicle would be required to travel. vehicle.
- level “0” of this autonomy scale corresponds to the case where all the preceding operations are carried out by the driver and level “1”, in the case where the on-board system offers simple assistance to the driver.
- vehicle for acceleration, braking and steering operation Level “1” thus corresponds to driving assistance, commonly referred to as DAS for "Driver Assistance System”.
- the aim of the invention is therefore to solve this problem.
- the subject of the invention is a railway vehicle and a method of using a railway vehicle in accordance with the appended claims.
- the system thus delivers a setpoint speed to the speed regulation module controlling the traction / braking means of the tram.
- Such a system is therefore based on the ability to detect obstacles in front of the tram along the track. Once an obstacle has been located, the system defines the reaction to be adopted, in particular whether and in what proportion to activate the brake system of the tram.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a tram equipped with an autonomous driving system according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a functional representation in the form of blocks of the autonomous driving system of FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 3 to 5 schematically represent different areas to be monitored defined in front of the tramway as a function of the configuration of the track on which the tram in FIG. and,
- Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 a railway vehicle is shown, in particular a tramway 1 traveling on a track 2.
- the tramway 1 comprises a control chain for the traction / braking means of the tramway, which are represented schematically in FIG. 1 by a motor 3 and brakes 4.
- the control chain comprises, in the cabin, a manipulator 6 allowing the generation of reference signals.
- the manipulator 6 has a pivoting handle which, when moved forward, allows the driver to request traction force and, when pivoted rearward, allows the driver to request brake force.
- the manipulator can be moved forward in a first position corresponding to an increase of + 50% in the tensile force, or a second position of + 15% in the tensile force. It can be moved back to a first position corresponding to a + 50% increase in braking effort, or a second position of + 15% in braking effort.
- the reference signal generated by the manipulator 6 is applied to the input of a control / command unit 8 of the traction / braking means.
- the unit 8 is able to control the traction / braking means by applying suitable control signals produced as a function of the setpoint signal received.
- tramway 1 is equipped with a self-driving system 10.
- the system 10 is suitable for generating setpoint signals of the same type as those generated by the manipulator 6. In this way, the signals generated by the system 10 can be applied directly to the input of the control / command unit 8. replacing the setpoint signals generated by the manipulator 6.
- system 10 uses the existing control channel of the unit 8 and the unit 8 is unchanged from the state of the art.
- tramway 1 is advantageously equipped with a two-state switch 12, making it possible to apply a setpoint signal to the input of unit 8. from manipulator 6, i.e. a setpoint signal from system 10.
- the state of the switch 12 is controlled by a switch 14 placed in the cabin.
- Switch 14 is actuated by the driver, for example when tram 1 leaves a network service track to enter a network siding, siding on which independent operation is authorized.
- the actuation of the switch 14 leads to the toggle of the switch 12.
- System 10 has a hardware layer shown in Figure 1.
- the system 10 comprises, as acquisition means, a plurality of sensors connected at the input of a computing unit 20.
- the tram is equipped with an inertial unit 21 capable of determining instantaneous vector acceleration of the tram and, by time integration, an instantaneous first speed of the tram.
- the system also uses tachometric means 22, making it possible to determine a second instantaneous speed of the tramway 1 and, by temporal integration from a reference point along the track, the distance traveled by the tramway from this reference point and consequently a second current position of the tram.
- the sensors also include a sensor for a localization system suitable for determining a first current position of the tram.
- the sensor of the localization system is a LIDAR 23.
- the LIDAR 23 is a two-dimensional LIDAR having a high opening angle, for example of 270 °, and allowing, by processing the echoes received, to reconstruct the tram environment and to obtain a reconstructed map.
- the plurality of The sensors also include, more particularly for the obstacle detection function, a first LIDAR 25 and a second LIDAR 26.
- the first LIDAR 25 is a three-dimensional LIDAR allowing the observation of a first region located in front of tram 1.
- the second LIDAR 26 is a two-dimensional LIDAR allowing the observation of a second region located in front of the tram.
- the crosschecking of the information delivered by the first and second LIDAR 25 and 26, allows the obstacle detection function to determine the relative position of an obstacle with respect to the front of the tram within a region of extensive observation.
- the calculation unit 20 comprises a LIDAR localization module 33 suitable for taking as input the signals delivered by the LIDAR 23 and for generating as output a reconstructed map.
- This reconstructed map is applied at the input of a location module 32.
- the temporal evolution of the reconstructed environment also makes it possible to obtain information on the speed of the tram, which is passed to a module 34 for estimating the speed of the tram.
- the module 34 for estimating the speed of the tram takes as input the signals delivered, on the one hand, by the inertial unit 21 and, on the other hand, by the tachometric means 22 .
- the function of the module 34 is to deliver a precise estimate of the instantaneous speed of the tram (V in FIG. 1).
- This value of the speed delivered at the output of the module 34 is applied, on the one hand, to a speed control module 38 and, on the other hand, to the location module 32.
- the location module 32 in addition to the estimation of the instantaneous speed and the reconstructed map, takes as input the information delivered by the inertial unit 21.
- the function of the location module 32 is to deliver a precise estimate of the instantaneous position of the tram on the tracks.
- the module 32 is based on a mapping 31 of the region where the tramway 1 is authorized to run independently. It is for example a cartography of the topology of the ground (surface of the ground, buildings, equipment installed permanently, etc.) on which extend the siding tracks of the depot inside which the tram runs in autonomy.
- the location module 32 compares the environment reconstructed from the states received by the LIDAR 23 with the map 31 so as to determine a first current position of the tram.
- This first position is corrected from the information delivered by the sensors 21 and the integration over time of the speed delivered by the module 34.
- the current position of tramway 1 is applied to a mission management module 35 and to a speed calculation module 37.
- the mission management module 35 is executed when the switch 12 is flipped to allow the autonomous driving mode.
- the module 35 then acquires the current position of the tram to determine where the tram is located on the rail network. Based on this information and possibly other information communicated by a control center, a mission is assigned to tramway 1. This mission may for example consist in indicating to the system 10 whether the tramway 1 must go to park.
- the speed calculation module 37 is able to define a reference speed, depending in particular on the topology of the track on which the tramway 1 is running at the current instant. Module 37 therefore defines the reference speed as a function of the current position of the tram and a network track plan.
- this reference speed is 10 km / h for a portion of straight track and 7 km / h for a portion of curvilinear track or a portion of track approaching a switch.
- the speed calculation module weights the reference speed so as to deliver a set speed for tram 1. Indeed, if the obstacle detection module detects an obstacle in front of the tram, the reference speed must be reduced to avoid any collision.
- the setpoint speed, delivered by the module 37 is applied to the input of the speed regulation module 38.
- the latter by comparing the setpoint speed with the estimate of the current speed of the tram delivered by the module 34, determines a suitable traction or braking force.
- the corresponding setpoint signal is applied, via the switch 12, to the control / command unit 8 of the traction / braking means of the tram.
- the module 39 is suitable for acquiring the signals delivered by the LIDARS 25 and 26.
- the module 39 delivers, in the event of the presence of an obstacle inside the region observed by the LIDARS 25 and 26, the position of this obstacle with respect to the front of the tram.
- the operation of the system 10 in the event of detection of an obstacle by the module 39 and, more particularly, the way in which the speed calculation module 37 determines a setpoint speed, will now be presented in relation to FIGS. 3 to 5 and the method of Figure 6.
- module 37 determines the type of track on which the tram is running at the current instant. To do this, the module 37 uses, for example, a track plan. The latter associates a type of track with each position of the tram.
- Three types of channel are for example predefined. These three types of channels are respectively represented in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
- the first type corresponds to a section of straight track.
- the second type corresponds to a section of curved track.
- the third type corresponds to a section of track approaching a switch.
- the reference speed associated with the first type of track is 10 km / h; the second type of 7 km / h; and the third type of 7 km / h.
- module 37 defines, in front of the tram, a surveillance zone within the observation region of obstacle detection module 39.
- the surveillance zone follows the route of the section of track in front of the tram. Determining the type of track thus advantageously makes it possible to determine the geometry of the surveillance zone.
- This surveillance zone extends laterally on either side of the track so as to correspond substantially to the transverse gauge of tram 1.
- the length of the surveillance zone depends on the current speed of the tram.
- the surveillance zone filters all of the observations delivered by module 39. Only obstacles whose location falls within the surveillance zone will be retained.
- the obstacles detected for the module 39 but which are outside the surveillance zone will have no impact on the conduct of the tram. This makes it possible to avoid untimely braking as soon as an object is detected in the environment of the tram, while there is no risk of collision with the latter.
- the monitoring zone Z1 for the first type of channel takes the form of a rectangle, while for the second type of channel, the monitoring zone Z2 takes the form of a torus portion.
- the system does not take into account the switch engagement state. Consequently, the surveillance zone Z3 covers the two outgoing tracks of the switch.
- the surveillance zone is subdivided into domains. For example three domains are defined in the surveillance zone at any time.
- Away from the tramway is defined a first area, called slowing down. Then, closer to the tram and in continuity with the deceleration area, a second area, called braking. Finally, between the braking area and the front end of the tram, a third area, called emergency braking.
- the module 37 calculates a setpoint speed such as to lead to a reduction in the instantaneous speed of the tram. This can be done passively by using the wheel / rail friction forces to gradually reduce the speed of the tram or by applying light braking.
- the module 37 If an obstacle is present in the braking range D12, the module 37 generates a setpoint speed leading to the tram stopping at a minimum safe distance in front of the obstacle. This minimum safety distance is for example 1.2 m.
- the module 37 delivers a setpoint speed leading to emergency braking to stop the tram for the shortest possible distance.
- the monitoring area Z2 is subdivided into a deceleration domain D23, a braking domain D23 and an emergency braking domain D13.
- the surveillance zone Z3 is subdivided into a pair of deceleration domains D33 and D33 '(each of these two domains being associated with one of the two tracks exiting the switch), a pair of braking domains D32 and D32 '(each of these two domains being associated with one of the two tracks exiting the switch), and a braking domain emergency D31 (common to the two outgoing tracks of the switch).
- FIG. 5 represents the surveillance zone as the tram enters the switch, the front of the tram being substantially in line with the switch.
- FIG. 5 represents the surveillance zone as the tram enters the switch, the front of the tram being substantially in line with the switch.
- FIG. 6 the method implemented by the module 37 for calculating the setpoint speed is illustrated in the form of blocks.
- step 1 10 from the current position of the tram and a map of the rail network, module 37 determines the type of track on which tram 1 is running.
- step 120 this information makes it possible to define the reference speed.
- a watch area is defined in front of the train.
- this surveillance zone is defined not only as a function of the type of track on which the tram runs, but also as a function of the speed of the tram. For example, the higher the speed of the tram, the greater the length of the surveillance zone.
- the surveillance zone is subdivided into three areas, for example according to predefined proportions.
- module 37 determines whether an obstacle is detected within the surveillance zone. For this, it uses the obstacle location information determined by module 39.
- the process is looped back on itself and returns to step 1 10.
- the process 100 is thus iterated for each sampling period.
- step 150 the module 37 identifies the domain in which the obstacle is located.
- step 160 depending on the domain identified in step 150, the module 37 chooses an action to be performed from among a slowdown of the tram, a braking of the tram or even an emergency braking.
- step 170 the corresponding speed setpoint is generated and applied to the speed control module 38.
- step 180 the process loops back to step 140 to determine the evolution of the position of the obstacle. Either the obstacle has left the surveillance zone and the process returns to step 1 10, or the obstacle is still present and steps 150 and following are carried out again.
- step 140 If at step 140, it had been decided to brake or emergency braking, at the end of step 170, we wait for the tram to come to a stop before performing step 150 to check whether the obstacle has been removed from the track. If so, the tram can be restarted. The process then loops back to step 1 10.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1907935A FR3098779B1 (fr) | 2019-07-15 | 2019-07-15 | Véhicule ferroviaire comportant un système de conduite en autonomie et procédé d’utilisation dudit véhicule ferrovaire |
| PCT/EP2020/069721 WO2021009105A1 (fr) | 2019-07-15 | 2020-07-13 | Véhicule ferroviaire comportant un système de conduite en autonomie et procédé d'utilisation dudit véhicule ferrovaire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3999394A1 true EP3999394A1 (fr) | 2022-05-25 |
Family
ID=68211058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20737049.5A Pending EP3999394A1 (fr) | 2019-07-15 | 2020-07-13 | Véhicule ferroviaire comportant un système de conduite en autonomie et procédé d'utilisation dudit véhicule ferrovaire |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3999394A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3098779B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021009105A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3151121B1 (fr) * | 2023-07-13 | 2025-09-05 | Gts France Sas | Procédé de détection d'obstacles à bord d'une machine adaptée pour se déplacer sur au moins un chemin prédéterminé |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014206473A1 (de) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Automatische Assistenz eines Fahrers eines fahrspurgebundenen Fahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Schienenfahrzeugs |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2996017A1 (fr) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-03-28 | Alstom Transport Sa | Levier ameliore a actionnement manuel de commande en traction/freinage pour la conduite d'un vehicule ferroviaire |
| WO2016042352A1 (fr) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-24 | Alstom Transport Technologies | Système et procédé pour éviter une collision pour un véhicule |
| DE102016204984A1 (de) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schnittstelle, Ein- oder Ausgabemittel, Umrüstsatz und Verfahren zur Umrüstung eines Schienenfahrzeugs für einen autonomen Fahrbetrieb |
| CN109664916B (zh) * | 2017-10-17 | 2021-04-27 | 交控科技股份有限公司 | 以车载控制器为核心的列车运行控制系统 |
| CN112498423B (zh) * | 2018-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | 浙江众合科技股份有限公司 | 基于cbtc和无人驾驶车载设备结合的列车出入段场方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-07-15 FR FR1907935A patent/FR3098779B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-07-13 EP EP20737049.5A patent/EP3999394A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-07-13 WO PCT/EP2020/069721 patent/WO2021009105A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014206473A1 (de) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Automatische Assistenz eines Fahrers eines fahrspurgebundenen Fahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Schienenfahrzeugs |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021009105A1 (fr) | 2021-01-21 |
| FR3098779B1 (fr) | 2021-12-10 |
| FR3098779A1 (fr) | 2021-01-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3627270B1 (fr) | Dispositif électronique de détermination d'une trajectoire d'arrêt d'urgence d'un véhicule autonome, véhicule et procédé associés | |
| FR2965778B1 (fr) | Dispositif et procede d'assistance d'un conducteur de vehicule pour une manoeuvre | |
| US10698405B2 (en) | Autonomous driving control device | |
| EP2642464B1 (fr) | Procédé de détermination d'information | |
| FR3077052A1 (fr) | Dispositif de controle de conduite pour vehicule | |
| WO2021009109A1 (fr) | Système de conduite en autonomie d'un véhicule ferroviaire; véhicule ferroviaire et procédé associés | |
| FR3093056A1 (fr) | Dispositif de commande d'entrainement pour vehicule | |
| FR3093489A1 (fr) | Dispositif de contrôle de conduite pour véhicule | |
| FR2704653A1 (fr) | Procédé d'assistance de conduite pour un changement de voie de circulation d'un véhicule automobile. | |
| FR3092549A1 (fr) | Dispositif de controle de conduite pour vehicule | |
| FR2948909A1 (fr) | Procede d'assistance aux manoeuvres de degagement d'un vehicule pour sortir d'un creneau de parking et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede | |
| JP2013519592A (ja) | ハイドロプレーニングを自動的に防止する方法 | |
| JP6962864B2 (ja) | 車両制御システム | |
| FR2937936A1 (fr) | Procede d'assistance a la conduite pour vehicule automobile | |
| FR2987588A1 (fr) | Procede pour eviter ou attenuer les consequences d'une collision d'un vehicule avec un obstacle dans la zone laterale proche du vehicule et systeme d'assistance de conduite mettant en oeuvre ce procede | |
| CN111348037B (zh) | 用于操作自动化车辆的方法 | |
| FR2961773A1 (fr) | Procede semi-automatique de rangement d'un vehicule automobile dans un emplacement de stationnement et systeme de stationnement pour sa mise en oeuvre | |
| EP3880526A1 (fr) | Procédé et système d'évitement d'obstacles comprenant la commande des systèmes de braquage et de freinage différentiel | |
| FR3007370A1 (fr) | Assistant de manoeuvre d'evitement de vehicule automobile | |
| EP3386821B1 (fr) | Dispositif d'assistance à la conduite | |
| EP3999394A1 (fr) | Véhicule ferroviaire comportant un système de conduite en autonomie et procédé d'utilisation dudit véhicule ferrovaire | |
| US8676468B2 (en) | Vehicle control device | |
| EP3882096A1 (fr) | Procédé de gestion automatisée de la vitesse longitudinale d'un véhicule | |
| WO2021023463A1 (fr) | Procédé de gestion d'un freinage autonome d'urgence | |
| EP4196380B1 (fr) | Procédé de gestion automatisée de la vitesse longitudinale d'un véhicule |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220112 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230822 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20250305 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: B61L 15/00 20060101AFI20260323BHEP Ipc: B61L 3/00 20060101ALI20260323BHEP Ipc: B61C 17/12 20060101ALI20260323BHEP Ipc: B61L 23/04 20060101ALI20260323BHEP Ipc: B61L 27/04 20060101ALI20260323BHEP |