Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
  • G04B31/08—Lubrication
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
  • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/76—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing silicon
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B15/00—Escapements
  • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
  • B05D2518/10—Silicon-containing polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/023—Multi-layer lubricant coatings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a timepiece assembly comprising at least two elements in contact and movable relative to one another, one of said elements having at least a first contact surface intended to rub against at least a second surface of the watch. contact of the other element under dry lubrication conditions.
• the present invention also relates to a timepiece comprising such a watch assembly.
• the most traditional solution consists in working in "wet" lubrication condition using a liquid or pasty lubricant, in the form of an oil or a grease for example.
• a liquid or pasty lubricant in the form of an oil or a grease for example.
• the oils available on the market allow friction coefficients of less than 0.1 to be obtained, which limits energy loss and element wear.
• the 9010 oil sold by Moebius is known.
• liquid or pasty lubricants have different drawbacks: they generally require the use of an epilame so as not to migrate away from the contact surfaces, they are messy, sensitive to aging and require regular maintenance.
• the present invention aims to remedy this problem by proposing a solution making it possible to make two elements of a watch assembly work under dry lubrication conditions and to obtain results in terms of tribological properties, and therefore in terms of chronometric performance, at the same time. less equivalent to those obtained with a standard lubricating oil.
• the present invention relates to a timepiece assembly comprising at least two elements in contact and movable relatively relative to one another, one of said elements having at least a first contact surface intended to rub against at least a second contact surface of the other member under dry lubrication conditions.
• At least one of said first and second contact surfaces is covered with a hydrophobic coating, exhibiting a contact angle with water greater than 90 °, and a coefficient of friction less than 0.15, the variation said coefficient of friction as a function of relative humidity being less than 25%, preferably less than 10%, and preferably less than 5%.
• such a hydrophobic coating makes it possible to drive off the water which is usually present on the surface of the elements of the watch assembly and which affects their proper functioning.
• the coating hydrophobic proposed by the invention makes it possible to create an effective physical barrier against ambient humidity by protecting the contact surfaces from interactions with the water present in the atmosphere and thus to reduce friction and wear.
• the present invention also relates to a timepiece comprising such a watch assembly.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a contact surface of an element of a watch assembly of the invention.
• a timepiece assembly according to the present invention comprises at least two elements 1 in contact and movable relative to one another, one of said elements having a first contact surface 2 intended to rub against a second contact surface of the other element under dry lubrication conditions (that is, under self-lubricating conditions, without the addition of a lubricating agent, in particular liquid or pasty, such as an oil , a grease or a solvent).
• dry lubrication conditions that is, under self-lubricating conditions, without the addition of a lubricating agent, in particular liquid or pasty, such as an oil , a grease or a solvent.
• At least one of said first and second contact surfaces 2 is covered with a hydrophobic coating 3, exhibiting a contact angle with water greater than 90 °, preferably greater than 95 °, and more preferably greater than 98 °.
• said hydrophobic coating 3 has a contact angle with water greater than 100 °, preferably greater than 105 °, and more preferably greater than 110 °.
• the contact angle with water can be measured by any technique known to those skilled in the art, and in particular by the so-called “drop-drop” method. According to this method, the contact angle with water is measured by depositing a drop of water on the surface of the hydrophobic coating 3. The contact angle is the angle between the tangent to the water drop at the point of contact and the coating surface. It can be measured for example by a goniometer.
• said hydrophobic coating 3 has a coefficient of friction less than 0.15, preferably less than 0.12, preferably less than 0.1, and more preferably less than 0.07, the variation of said coefficient of friction as a function of relative humidity being less than 25%, preferably less than 10%, and preferably less than 5%. In a particularly advantageous manner, this coefficient of friction is substantially constant regardless of the relative humidity of the air in which the watch assembly is placed.
• the coefficient of friction is measured, for example, by means of a ball tribometer, with a glass ball, 5 mm in diameter, in friction against a flat sample corresponding to an element of the invention.
• the speed is 2 cm / s with a Hertz stress of 200 MPa under normal temperature conditions (20 ° C to 22 ° C) with a relative humidity of 20% to 50%.
• an element of the invention comprising a silicon substrate covered with a layer of silicon oxide and having a contact surface covered with the hydrophobic coating defined above exhibits less wear than a simple silicon substrate covered with a layer of untreated silicon oxide, with a relative humidity level greater than 50%.
• At least the element whose contact surface 2 is covered with the hydrophobic coating 3 comprises a substrate made of a material chosen from the group comprising silicon, ceramics, glasses, silicon oxides, oxides of aluminum, such as ruby, titanium oxides, metallic alloys, such as NiP, and metallic glasses.
• At least one intermediate bonding layer can be provided between the substrate of at least the element whose contact surface 2 is covered with the hydrophobic coating 3 and said hydrophobic coating 3, in order to improve the quality of the deposit. of the hydrophobic coating 3 on the contact surface 2.
• the intermediate bonding layer is made of a material chosen from the group comprising silicon, silicon oxide, oxidized ceramics, such as Al2O3, non-oxidized ceramics, such as SiC, S13N4, metals, such as gold, titanium, copper, and alloys of said metals.
• the material of the tie layer is advantageously chosen as a function of the material of the substrate.
• the tie layer can for example be deposited on the substrate by a flash process.
• At least the element whose contact surface 2 is covered with the hydrophobic coating 3 is based on silicon.
• the hydrophobic coating 3 has a thickness between 1 and 30 nm, preferably less than 15 nm, and more preferably less than 5 nm, In a particularly preferred way, the hydrophobic coating 3 has a thickness less at 3 nm.
• the hydrophobic coating 3 has an adhesion force of less than 10 nN, and preferably less than 6 nN. Measurements can be performed using an atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with S13N4 tips, under normal temperature and load conditions, with a relative humidity of 25% to 30%.
• the hydrophobic coating 3 has an elastic modulus of less than 10 GPa, and preferably less than 5 GPa. Measurements can be made using an atomic force microscope (AFM).
• the hydrophobic coating 3 is linked to one of said first and second contact surfaces 2 at least by covalent bonds ensuring the chemical grafting of the hydrophobic coating 3 on the contact surface 2.
• covalent bonds do not exclude the existence of simple, physical interactions, such as Van der Waals interactions or interactions of the type of hydrogen bonds between the hydrophobic coating 3 and the contact surface 2.
• the hydrophobic coating 3 comprises at least a first layer consisting of at least one assembly of molecules 4 comprising a head 5, a separation chain 6 and a terminal group 7, at least part of the heads 5 of the molecules 4 being linked to said first and second contact surfaces 2 by covalent bonds, and the separation chains 6 being ordered substantially parallel to each other and oriented substantially perpendicular to said first and second contact surfaces 2.
• the hydrophobic coating 3 comprises a single layer corresponding to the first layer described above, the terminal group 7 being an apolar group.
• this apolar group is -CH3 or -CF3, and more preferably -CH3.
• the heads 5 of the molecules 4 are predominantly, and preferably essentially, crosslinked to one another in order to form a film that is as continuous as possible above the contact surface 2.
• the heads 5 further linked to the contact surface 2 by covalent bond, form a three-dimensional network.
• the assembly of molecules 4 as defined above constitutes a hydrophobic barrier. Any interaction between the contact surface 2 of the element 1 of the watch assembly and the water is thus prevented.
• the degree of coverage (measured for example by indirect XPS measurement, photoelectron spectroscopy method) of said first and second contact surfaces 2 by molecules 4 is at least 80%, preferably at least 95 %, and more preferably at least 99%.
• the maximum quantity of water present at the surface of the contact surface 2 is at most 20%, preferably less than or equal to 5%, and more preferably less than 1%.
• the molecules 4 are obtained from organosilane precursors comprising a head 5 carrying at least one hydrolyzable polar group, making it possible to bind the molecules 4 to the active sites —OH at the contact surface 2 by covalent bonding of Si-O siloxanes. -If between the Si / Si02 surface of element 1 and molecules derived from organosilanes 4.
• the contact surface 2 is highly rich in active sites —OH.
• it comprises active sites —OH at a density greater than 10 14 OH sites / cm 2
• the contact surface 2 may undergo, prior to the deposition of the hydrophobic coating 3, a surface hydroxylation treatment, for example by a plasma process.
• a surface hydroxylation treatment for example by a plasma process.
• a first step of cleaning the surface of the element to be treated followed by drying can be carried out before the hydroxylation treatment.
• the molecules 4 are obtained from organosilane precursors comprising a head 5 carrying at least two, and preferably three hydrolyzable polar groups in order, on the one hand, to form the covalent bonds with the contact surface 2 and of on the other hand to have a crosslinking between the heads 5 of the molecules 4 to form a substantially continuous film above the contact surface 2.
• the hydrolyzable groups can be different or the same. They can be advantageously chosen from the group comprising the groups -Cl, -OR, where R is preferably Me or Et. Preferably, the hydrolyzable groups are identical.
• the separation chains 6 are linear unsubstituted alkyl or fluoroalkyl chains, preferably C7-C29, preferably C11 -C29, and more preferably C11 -C17.
• the separation chains 6 are unsubstituted linear alkyl chains - (CH2) n-, preferably C7-C29, preferably C11 -C29, and more preferably C11 -C19.
• the separation chains 6 are unsubstituted linear C11 -C17 alkyl chains.
• the terminal group 7 linked to these separation chains is preferably -CH3.
• a separation chain - (CH2) i 7- is particularly preferred, especially with a terminal group -CH3 so that a total octadecyl chain linked to the head 5 of molecules 4 is particularly preferred. More particularly, a total octadecyl chain linked to the silicon head 5 of molecules 4 is particularly preferred.
• the separation chains 6 are linear fluoroalkyl chains - (CH2) x- (CF2) y-, where x> 0 and y> 1, with preferably 7 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 29.
• x 0, 1, 2 and 11 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 29, preferably 11 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 19, and more preferably 11 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 17.
• x 2 and 9 ⁇ y ⁇ 15.
• a separation chain - (CH2) 2- (CF2) 9- is particularly preferred.
• the terminal group 7 is preferably -CF3.
• the separation chains 6 are aliphatic chains.
• the molecules 4 are preferably derived from organosilane precursors chosen from the group comprising n-dodecyltrichlorosilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltriethoxysilane, perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane, n-tridecyltrichlorosilane, n-trimücyltriméthoxysilane, n-trimücyltriéthoxysilane the perfluorotrimücyltrichlorosilane, n-tétradécyltrichlorosilane, n-tétradécyltriméthoxysilane, n-tétradécyltriéthoxysilane the perfluorotétradécyltrichlorosilane, n-pentadécyltrichlorosilane, n-pentadécyltrie
• the molecules 4 are derived from n-octadecyltrichlorosilane or from perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane. In a particularly preferred manner, molecules 4 are derived from n-octadecyltrichlorosilane.
• the hydrophobic coating 3 comprises at least a first layer and a second layer, the terminal group 7 of the molecules 4 of the first layer being a linking group between the first layer and the second layer.
• This terminal linking group 7 can, for example, be a chemically modifiable group, such as an -OH or NH2 terminal group.
• the heads of the molecules of the first layer are similar to those used for the single layer of the first embodiment described above.
• the separation chains of the first layer are unsubstituted linear alkyl chains - (CH2) n-, of the same type as those used for the single layer of the first embodiment described above. They can however be shorter, for example in C2-C3.
• the molecules of the first layer can be derived from organosilane precursors chosen from the group comprising 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 1, 2-bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane.
• the second layer comprises molecules comprising a head linked to the terminal group of the molecules of the first layer, preferably essentially by covalent bonds, a separation chain and an apolar terminal group, the separation chains being substantially ordered. parallel to each other and oriented substantially perpendicular to said first and second contact surfaces.
• the separation chains of the second layer are unsubstituted linear alkyl chains - (CH2) n-, of the same type as those used for the single layer of the first embodiment described above (preferably in C12-Cie). .
• the apolar end group of the second layer is of the same type as that used for the single layer of the first embodiment described above (preferably -CH3 or -CF3, is more preferably -CH3).
• the molecules of the second layer can be derived from precursors chosen from the group comprising n-octadecyltrichlorosilane and stearic acid.
• the hydrophobic coating can include at least a third layer.
• This third layer can be added by grafting molecules on the second layer, in a similar manner to the grafting of the second layer on the first layer.
• the molecules of the third layer will be chosen in a similar manner to the molecules of the second layer described above so that the coating obtained has the required hydrophobicity and tribology properties.
• the assembly of the molecules of the first layer of the hydrophobic coating 3 is a self-assembled monolayer on the contact surface 2.
• This type of assembly is known under the name of SAM (Self Assembled Monolayer).
• This monolayer forms spontaneously by adsorption to the surface of the contact surface. It can be deposited on the contact surface 2 by solution techniques or by vapor deposition.
• the liquid phase process can be carried out by any impregnation method, such as soaking (“dip-coating”), centrifugal coating (“spin-coating”), spraying (“spray-coating”), etc. .
• the vapor phase process can be carried out, for example, by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.
• the quality of the deposit can be improved by heating, followed by rinsing.
• Such methods for depositing SAM monolayers are well known to those skilled in the art and do not require a more detailed description. However, it is specified that a person skilled in the art will have to choose the parameters of the process so as to obtain a hydrophobic coating having the characteristics described above. In particular, the concentration of precursors, the reaction temperature, the reaction time will be chosen in order to obtain a homogeneous and dense SAM layer making it possible to obtain a coating having the hydrophobicity and tribology properties required to obtain the self-lubricating effect. research.
• hydrophobic coating 3 can be deposited on the contact surface of at least one of the elements of the watch assembly by any other suitable grafting process known to those skilled in the art.
• the elements of the watch assembly can be treated directly after their manufacture (by DRIE “Deep Reactive Ion Etching” for example, followed by the treatment step to form the layer of silicon oxide) to deposit the hydrophobic coating 3.
• the treated elements of the watch assembly can then be assembled without requiring a washing step.
• the contact surface 2 can be smooth or have a certain roughness.
• the contact surface 2 may have a roughness Ra (arithmetic mean roughness) of at least 2 nm, and preferably of at least 5 nm.
• Ra absolute mean roughness
• Roughness measurements can be made using an atomic force microscope (AFM).
• the roughness required preferably for the contact surface 2 can be obtained directly by manufacturing the elements of the watch assembly by a standard DRIE process, by scalloping or any other surface texturing process known to those skilled in the art.
• the adequate roughness can also be obtained using elements of the watch assembly whose edges cut to serve as a contact surface have a ribbed surface comprising an alternation of ribs and grooves, the ribs and grooves being rectilinear and forming a stepped pattern. comprising a plurality of first intervals in which the spacing between the ribs from each other is equal to a first distance, and at least a second interval in which the spacing between the ribs is equal to a second distance different from the first distance , the first distance being between 200 nm and 5 pm.
• Such a surface texturing as well as its manufacturing process are described in EP application No. 18155609 incorporated by reference in the present description.
• the adequate roughness can also be obtained using elements of the watch assembly obtained by a process of texturing a silicon surface which comprises the following steps:
• step c) attack the sacrificial resin layer by deep reactive ionic etching (DRIE), continue step c) long enough to transfer inhomogeneities of the sacrificial layer over the span in texturing the silicon surface, so that said extent is roughened according to the desired morphology.
• DRIE deep reactive ionic etching
• Step (c) is preferably carried out by allowing the temperature of the silicon surface to rise to the point that the sacrificial layer fires until complete consumption.
• step (c) comprises the following sub-steps:
• step (c) repeats the execution of a sequence of substeps comprising steps (i), (ii) and (iii) until the end of step (c).
• the contact surfaces of at least one of the elements of the watch assembly can be covered with the hydrophobic coating 3.
• the contact surfaces of the two elements of the watch assembly which are intended to rub one. on the other are covered with the hydrophobic coating 3. It is also possible to cover the entire surface of the elements of the watch assembly with the hydrophobic coating 3 if it is desired to simplify the manufacturing process.
• the hydrophobic coating 3 can be deposited on any contact surface intended to rub against another contact surface of an element of a watch assembly.
• said watch assembly can constitute an escapement comprising an escapement wheel and an anchor, one of the elements being the escapement wheel and the other element being the anchor.
• one of the first and second contact surfaces may belong to at least one of the teeth of the escape wheel, the other of said first and second contact surfaces belonging to an input pallet or to a pallet of. out of the anchor.
• At least one of said first and second contact surfaces covered with the hydrophobic coating 3 may be chosen from the group comprising the rest plane, the impulse plane, the rest nose, the impulse nose of least one of the teeth of the escape wheel, the rest plane, the impulse plane, the rest beak, the impulse beak of the entry pallet or the exit pallet of the anchor, the plane rest, the impulse plane, the rest nose, and the impulse nose of the anchor exit vane.
• the corresponding contact surface intended to rub against it is also covered with said hydrophobic coating 3.
• the watch assembly of the invention can also constitute an escapement comprising an anchor carrying a dart and a plate, one of the elements being the dart and the other element being the plate.
• the watch assembly of the invention can also constitute a pivoting of a balance, one of the elements being the axis of the balance and the other element being its pivot.
• This escapement is used in a movement under dry lubrication conditions in accordance with the invention.
• the 6-position average amplitude is measured with the coin at Oh, initial and long term.
• the measurements show that the escapement according to the invention makes it possible to obtain amplitudes at least equivalent or even greater than those obtained with the exhaust lubricated in the traditional way.
• the escapement in dry lubrication condition according to the invention makes it possible to obtain results in terms of chronometric performance and therefore in terms of tribological properties, at least equivalent to those obtained with a standard lubricating oil, without the drawbacks associated with the use of a lubricant.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-07-10 US US17/624,962 patent/US11927919B2/en active Active
  • 2020-07-10 CN CN202080038972.3A patent/CN114041089B/zh active Active
  • 2020-07-10 EP EP20740413.8A patent/EP3997526A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-07-10 JP JP2021568819A patent/JP2022539654A/ja active Pending
  • 2020-07-10 WO PCT/IB2020/056500 patent/WO2021005564A1/fr unknown

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