EP3997495A1 - Optische vorrichtung - Google Patents
Optische vorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3997495A1 EP3997495A1 EP20733207.3A EP20733207A EP3997495A1 EP 3997495 A1 EP3997495 A1 EP 3997495A1 EP 20733207 A EP20733207 A EP 20733207A EP 3997495 A1 EP3997495 A1 EP 3997495A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical device
- waveguide
- segment
- taper structure
- coupling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
- G02B6/305—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device and having an integrated mode-size expanding section, e.g. tapered waveguide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
- G02B6/3512—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3564—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details
- G02B6/3566—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details involving bending a beam, e.g. with cantilever
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical device for the bidirectional coupling of a Wel lenleiters to an external medium.
- Waveguides correspond to electrical connections on integrated optical circuits and are therefore essential building blocks for functional photonics. In particular, they allow complex systems to be miniaturized and are therefore a key technology.
- Mode converters are necessary to circumvent this. Since optical signals are guided in the plane in waveguides, it is desirable to change the direction of the beam, otherwise only the edges of the chip can be used for coupling. With planar geometry, this deflection can only take place via diffractive elements or interference phenomena, which severely limits the optical bandwidth.
- Coupling via the top of the chip is the preferred method. This allows many components to be addressed, which is of central importance for a high degree of integration receive. To this end, two methods are known from the prior art, on the one hand coupling via grid elements and on the other hand coupling via fiber tapers in the evanescent field.
- Grating couplers use diffractive elements to enable coupling from the plane. These couplers typically achieve efficiencies of 30%. Higher efficiencies are possible with improved designs and more complex manufacturing.
- the primary disadvantage of grating couplers is the narrow bandwidth in the range of a few 10 nm. This means that only special wavelength ranges can be covered.
- grating couplers are very sensitive to lateral shifts and must therefore be aligned with respect to fibers or lenses. Automatic coupling to chips is therefore difficult.
- Fiber tapers use glass fibers with a reduced diameter. These tapers are placed on top of the waveguides and couple to them in the optical near field. Therefore, with this method, the width of the waveguide is decisive for the placement tolerance. This is therefore less than a micrometer and is therefore extremely demanding.
- the coupling bandwidth is high in this case, since the coupling is adiabatic. However, the demanding placement cannot be used to couple to many waveguides, since each individual fiber has to be placed separately. Furthermore, no fiber arrays can be used, so that a parallel coupling is not possible.
- the mechanical stability of the coupling is limited. In both cases, no tunability is possible. I.e. after mechanical placement, the coupling to the fiber optics cannot be further improved. However, the coupling efficiency suffers significantly when it comes to exact placement requirements.
- An optical device for handling a radiation beam comprising a semiconductor wafer, comprising an integrated optical semiconductor waveguide core, integrated on the semiconductor wafer, and an at least partially superimposed waveguide, comprising at least a first bevel shaped to couple the radiation beam between the integrated one optical semiconductor waveguide core and an external medium, wherein the first bevel has an entry / exit side surface for receiving / emitting a radiation beam from / to the external medium, the side surface of the first bevel from the edge of the semiconductor die by a Distance d is spaced apart, the distance d being at least 1 pm and less than 200 pm.
- the 3D coupler begins on a chip with an adiabatic transition from a single-mode silicon nitride waveguide to a polymer waveguide.
- the width of the silicon nitride waveguide in a tapered region is linearly reduced while at the same time the height of the surrounding polymer waveguide covering the taper is increased.
- the width of the polymer waveguide is kept constant in order to enable an adi abatic transition between the fundamental TE modes of the two waveguides.
- the present invention is primarily intended to provide an optical device, the coupling bandwidth of the optical device being very broad and a wide spectrum of wavelengths being able to be coupled into an external medium via the optical device. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of coupling many glass fibers to a waveguide with low loss and with achievable placement tolerances.
- the present invention provides an optical device for bidirectional coupling of a waveguide to an external medium.
- the optical device comprises at least one taper structure, the taper structure comprising a beam input segment, the beam input segment being set up in such a way to couple a light beam from the waveguide into the taper structure, the taper structure comprises a beam exit segment, the beam exit segment being set up to focus the light beam and couple it into the external medium, the taper structure between the beam entrance segment and the beam exit segment at least one comprises first reflective surface, wherein the first reflective surface is set up to deflect the light beam out of the plane of the waveguide.
- the coupling of the waveguide to the external medium can, in particular, be bidirectional. Since the beam path of a light beam is reversible, bidirectional in connection with this invention means that a light beam can not only be coupled into the external medium by means of the optical device from the waveguide, but that the light beam can also be coupled into the external medium by means of the optical device from the external medium the waveguide can be coupled.
- the beam output segment of the optical device described above is set up to couple the light beam from the external medium into the taper structure, the light beam being defocused, the taper structure still having at least one first reflector between the beam output segment and the beam input segment xion surface comprises, wherein the first reflection surface is set up to deflect the light beam coming from the beam output segment into the plane of the waveguide.
- the beam input segment of the optical device described above is set up in such a way as to couple the light beam from the taper structure into the waveguide.
- the basic idea of the present invention is to provide an optical device which enables the mode matching of planar waveguides to an external medium, for example to an optical fiber or microscope objectives. Since the path of the light beam can be reversed, the external medium can also be adapted to a planar waveguide.
- the adaptation takes place via a three-dimensional taper structure, which is generated, for example, by means of direct laser writing (DLW).
- the optical device changes the beam direction of the beams running in the plane into the vertical dimension or else the other way around. For this purpose, a reflection of the light beam on a reflection surface is used in particular.
- the optical device does not use any wavelength-selective (in particular diffractive) elements. Therefore, the coupling bandwidth is very wide and a wide spectrum of wavelengths can be coupled into the waveguide via the coupler.
- the bandwidth is only limited by the transparency window of the coupler and the waveguide. This means that the bandwidth is orders of magnitude better than with conventional grating couplers or other diffractive elements.
- the optical device is not limited by interference phenomena and therefore offers an enormous bandwidth.
- the optical device is platform and polarization independent and can be used for coupling, for example, to any waveguide, which brings enormous flexibility with it.
- the first reflection surface is a total reflection surface.
- Total reflection has the advantage that it permits loss-free radiation deflection.
- the height of the taper structure in the area of the beam entrance segment is continuously tapered, while the width is kept constant, whereby a waveguide area is formed.
- the beam entrance segment is followed by a substantially conical or pyramidal area, the width and the height of the conical or pyramidal area increasing linearly.
- the conical or pyramidal area is followed by the beam exit segment, the beam exit segment comprising a substantially curved area, the essentially curved area including the at least first reflection surface.
- the taper structure comprises at least one further reflection surface.
- the beam output segment comprises a collimating lens.
- the beam collimation relaxes the alignment tolerances of the external medium with respect to the optical device. This enables fiber coupling with industrial methods without fine adjustment of individual optical devices.
- the external medium is an optical fiber or a microscope objective.
- the waveguide is a planar waveguide.
- the waveguide is arranged on a substrate.
- the waveguide is designed as a free-standing waveguide arm. Due to the free-standing waveguide arm, the output angle of the optical device can be adjusted simultaneously by adjusting the angle of inclination of the waveguide arm.
- the taper structure is formed from a polymer.
- the optical device is produced by means of 3D printing, in particular by means of direct laser writing.
- the waveguide is part of a waveguide array.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an optical device for bidirectional
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an optical device for bidirectional
- Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a waveguide array with a plurality of
- Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an optical device for bidirectional
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an optical device 1 for the bidirectional coupling of a waveguide 7 to an external medium 6 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the optical device 1 essentially consists of a taper structure 2, the taper structure 2 being roughly divided into two parts: a beam input segment 3, the beam input segment 3 for coupling a light beam 5 from the waveguide 7 into the taper Structure 2 is used and a beam exit segment 4, the beam exit segment 4 serving to focus and couple the light beam 5 into the external medium 6.
- the coupling of the light beam 5 can in particular take place bidirectionally.
- the light beam 5 can thus also be coupled into the waveguide 7 from the external medium 6 by means of the optical device 1.
- the light beam 5 is coupled from the external medium 6 into the beam output segment 4 and defocused.
- the light beam 5 is then deflected by means of the first reflective surface 8 into the plane of the waveguide 7 towards the beam input segment 3 and is coupled into the waveguide 7.
- the external medium 6 can be, for example, an optical fiber or a microscope objective.
- the beam entrance segment 3 comprises a conical or pyramidal region 10.
- the beam exit segment 4 here comprises an essentially curved region 11, the curved region 11 comprising a first reflective surface 8. As shown in cross section in FIG.
- a planar waveguide 7 is coupled to the taper structure 2.
- Light propagating in waveguide 7 is initially expanded in beam size by taper structure 2.
- the Gaussian beam generated then falls on the reflection surface 8, where total reflection takes place. This changes the beam direction and deflects it upwards.
- the beam exit segment 4 comprises an essentially curved area 11, wherein the curved area can have a lens shape, for example.
- the taper structure 2 acts on the one hand as a mode transformer, which adapts the very small mode of a waveguide 7 to the wide beam shape of optical glass fibers or microscopes 6.
- the optical device 1 allows a beam deflection to be achieved out of the plane, so that waveguides 7 are accessible from the chip surface 16.
- An adiabatic transition of the waveguide mode into a Gaussian beam propagating freely in the optical device takes place by means of the taper structure 2. This widens the beam input segment 3, which is adapted to the diameter of the waveguide 7, in order to prevent losses at the edges.
- the beam is deflected via reflection surfaces 8. Due to the refractive index contrast between the medium of the taper structure and the surrounding medium, total reflection occurs, which takes place without losses. The refractive index contrast determines the maximum angle of inclination that can be achieved. If higher angles are to be achieved, multiple reflections can be used, which are also loss-free.
- the beam 5 is collimated and adapted to the subsequent one to the external medium or the mode guide element, which can be a glass fiber or a microscope objective.
- the waveguide can be made of silicon nitride, for example.
- the radiation input segment 4 can for example consist of a polymer and comprise a polymer waveguide.
- a natural mode source is set for the coupling of the light beam from the waveguide 7 in order to imitate the light output of a silicon nitride to polymer waveguide mode converter, which is located immediately in front of the beam input segment 3.
- the initially 0.5 pm wide silicon nitride waveguide 7 is linearly tapered downwards, while the height of the polymer waveguide 4 is continuously tapered to finally 1 pm, while the width is kept constant at 1 pm.
- This cross section of the polymer waveguide 3 is selected because only the basic modes are supported due to the partitioning by the substrate 12 made of silicon oxide below.
- the conical or pyramid-shaped area 10 of the taper structure 2 After this interface to the polymer structure, the conical or pyramid-shaped area 10 of the taper structure 2. This is where the width and height of the polymer waveguide begins 3 is enlarged linearly until the conical or pyramidal area 10 meets the essentially curved area 11. In this area the diameter of the jet increases continuously and retains its Gaussian shape. Since this extension is initially adiabatic, this scheme enables a separate optimization of the silicon nitride polymer waveguide mode converter, which is mainly to be tuned to the wavelength, and the final taper structure 2, in which the mode field diameter of the fiber with which the light is coupled is the central parameter is.
- the beam When the beam enters the curved area 11 after the taper, the beam spreads like a free space. Due to the relatively large beam diameter compared to the distance to the lens of the curved area 11, the beam has no great divergence and spreads directly to the reflective surface 8, since this distance is small compared to the Rayleigh length of the beam at the end of the cone is.
- the angle of the reflection surface 8 can be selected to be 39 ° with respect to the chip plane 16, for example, in order to correspond to the 12 ° angle at which the 8 ° polished fiber array emits and collects the light. After the Re flexion surface 8, the light beam 5 spreads in the direction of the curved area 11. The curved area 11 is used to focus the diverging beam and couple it into the external medium 6.
- the taper structure 2 of the optical device 1 can be produced, for example, with a direct laser writing system (Nanoscribe Professional GT), a 63-fold objective and IP dip as a resist.
- the coupling efficiency is independent of the polarization of the incident light. This means that, in contrast to conventional grating couplers, the optical device can couple light of both conventional polarizations (TE and TM) with the same efficiency, as long as the subsequent waveguide also supports this.
- the optical device 1 can be coupled to any fiber arrangement via the free choice of the angle of incidence. Coupling can thus be carried out directly at 90 °, which is advantageous for the mechanical connection of fibers 6 and chip 16.
- An optimal coupling angle can also be selected for polished fiber facets that are often used and ground at angles to avoid back reflections. It can also be coupled in at shallow angles if the fiber is to be guided close to the chip surface.
- the shape of the taper structure 2 of the optical device 1 enables the use of total reflection for beam deflection in an integrated component. This allows coupling to waveguides directly from any angle (and especially vertically), which is a significant advantage over other coupling methods (such as side coupling). Other vertical coupling methods (grating couplers) are limited to the diffraction angle of the planar structures and can therefore only be addressed with difficulty below 90 °.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an optical device 1 for bidirectional coupling of a waveguide 7 to an external medium 6 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- a lower refractive index contrast occurs, for example when the couplers are immersed in a medium 15 such as water, multiple reflections can be used to deflect the beam.
- Any output angle can be detected at the diffraction angle of the reflection surface 8, 9. This makes it possible, in particular, to couple the chip 16 at an incidence of 90 °.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a waveguide array 13 with a plurality of waveguides 7 and optical devices 1 according to an embodiment of the inven tion.
- a large number of optical devices 1 can be attached to waveguide arrays 13 via marker search and alignment, and a large number of components can thus be optically addressed.
- the optical device 1 is scalable and can be manufactured using scalable manufacturing methods and is therefore suitable for mass production. This enables direct coupling to fiber arrays 13 in which many optical fibers are bundled.
- the optical device 1 enables parallel and low-loss reading of many waveguide channels 7.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an optical device 1 for bidirectional coupling of a waveguide 7 to an external medium 6 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- the optical device 1 can be attached to any waveguide 7. Due to the adiabatic expansion of the beam shape, coupling can be carried out with virtually no loss.
- the optical device can also be easily combined with other chip elements.
- the coupler can be made tunable in terms of the emission angle.
- FIG. 4 shows the use of a moveable structure, whereby the beam angle can be adjusted without losing the coupling efficiency.
- the taper structure 2 is attached to a free-standing waveguide 14. This free-standing waveguide arm 14 can be moved mechanically, for example with the aid of electrodes.
- the output angle of the optical device 1 can then be adjusted simultaneously. This enables the use for beam steering and lidar applications. This also enables use in phase arrays and collective emitters.
- the work that led to this invention was funded by the European Union (H2020-EEi.1.1.) Under grant agreement No. 724707 (PINQS).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019115410.3A DE102019115410B4 (de) | 2019-06-06 | 2019-06-06 | Optische Vorrichtung |
PCT/EP2020/065462 WO2020245259A1 (de) | 2019-06-06 | 2020-06-04 | Optische vorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3997495A1 true EP3997495A1 (de) | 2022-05-18 |
Family
ID=71096667
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20733207.3A Pending EP3997495A1 (de) | 2019-06-06 | 2020-06-04 | Optische vorrichtung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3997495A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3165847A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019115410B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020245259A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7646949B2 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2010-01-12 | Kotura, Inc. | Efficient transfer of light signals between optical devices |
EP2442165B1 (de) | 2010-10-15 | 2015-04-15 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Kopplungsverfahren und Systeme mit einem Taper |
US20190041582A1 (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2019-02-07 | Intel Corporation | Polymer optical coupler |
-
2019
- 2019-06-06 DE DE102019115410.3A patent/DE102019115410B4/de active Active
-
2020
- 2020-06-04 CA CA3165847A patent/CA3165847A1/en active Pending
- 2020-06-04 EP EP20733207.3A patent/EP3997495A1/de active Pending
- 2020-06-04 WO PCT/EP2020/065462 patent/WO2020245259A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102019115410A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
DE102019115410B4 (de) | 2023-07-27 |
CA3165847A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
WO2020245259A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
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Owner name: PIXEL PHOTONICS GMBH |