EP3996863A1 - Mélange dynamique de gaz protecteurs - Google Patents

Mélange dynamique de gaz protecteurs

Info

Publication number
EP3996863A1
EP3996863A1 EP20743069.5A EP20743069A EP3996863A1 EP 3996863 A1 EP3996863 A1 EP 3996863A1 EP 20743069 A EP20743069 A EP 20743069A EP 3996863 A1 EP3996863 A1 EP 3996863A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
composition
component
protective gas
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20743069.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Ammann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP3996863A1 publication Critical patent/EP3996863A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/164—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas making use of a moving fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
    • B23K35/383—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32—Accessories
    • B23K9/325—Devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for supplying protective gases in one
  • the composition of the shielding gas used depends on the materials and processes used.
  • metal inert gas welding MIG
  • MIG metal inert gas welding
  • argon argon
  • Act gas mixture In addition, other components that have an influence on the process can be added to the protective gas; For example, in metal active gas welding (MAG), reactive gases are added in a targeted manner, which enter into corresponding reactions with the melt.
  • MAG metal active gas welding
  • Titanium alloys must remain in an inert atmosphere after the immediate welding process until they have cooled down below a threshold temperature below which oxidation no longer takes place. In the case of other materials, such as steels, a subsequent supply of protective gas is required after the
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of being able to better control the heat in the component during a welding process in order to avoid delays, additional interventions in the process or even manufacturing errors.
  • a method for the dynamic supply of protective gas comprises at least the following steps: supplying a protective gas to a component in a welding process, detecting the temperature of an area of the component and determining a composition of the protective gas depending on the recorded temperature. In this way, by changing the temperature as a function of the
  • Composition of the shielding gas used can influence the process parameters of the welding process.
  • Specifying the composition of the protective gas preferably includes a change in the composition such that the thermal conductivity and / or the ionization energy of the protective gas changes.
  • the heat input into the component can be controlled or at least influenced, so that various advantages can be achieved.
  • a reliable process start and good melting behavior even with a low melting point can be achieved
  • Heat entry into the component is prevented. This also enables reduced cooling times and thus overall shorter production times.
  • the method can further comprise outputting a control signal according to the specified composition to a gas mixing unit, which is set up to mix at least two gas components according to the composition. This allows the composition of the
  • Protective gas include at least these two components, but optionally also more components.
  • the composition can be adjusted accordingly at any time.
  • a first component of the Composition can be argon or an argon-based gas mixture
  • a second component can be helium.
  • the helium content could then, for example, be up to 100% in the course of the welding process and / or initially 70%, in between 50% and at the end of the production period 30%.
  • a high proportion of helium can increase the heat input into the component due to the increased thermal conductivity of the resulting protective gas, while later
  • a proportion of 30-60% helium in the composition of the protective gas could be used at the beginning of the build-up welding process. This proportion can be gradually reduced later in the construction of the component.
  • the improved control over the order and the material connection enables an additively manufactured component to be closer to the final contour, which in turn shortens subsequent production steps and leads to lower costs overall.
  • composition of the protective gas can, for example, be a comparison of the detected temperature with at least a predetermined one
  • composition of the protective gas can also include calculating the composition of the protective gas by means of a predefined assignment or function, the detected temperature being a variable of the assignment or function.
  • the method steps can be carried out by a processor, controller or computer, the instructions for carrying out the
  • Process steps can be stored in the form of a computer program. Such a program can also be easily implemented on an existing control unit for a welding process.
  • a device for the dynamic supply of protective gas which comprises at least one control unit which is used to carry out the method steps described above is set up, as well as a
  • Gas mixing unit which is set up, at least a first and a second
  • control signal being transmitted from the control unit to the gas mixing unit; and a temperature measuring device which is set up to detect the temperature of a component and to forward the temperature to the control unit.
  • Embodiment schematically shows
  • Figure 2 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary method according to the invention.
  • the invention can be applied to any method which takes place with the supply of protective gases and in which the heat input in the component is to be controlled.
  • a method according to the invention is suitable for any gas-protected arc welding process, that is to say any conventional one
  • Joint welding under protective gas gas metal arc welding, MSG
  • additive manufacturing processes such as WAAM.
  • FIG. 1 an exemplary system for arc build-up welding according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • a welding wire 12 which acts as a consumable electrode, is guided in a welding torch 10.
  • the welding wire 12 runs in a contact sleeve or current sleeve 14, which is connected to a current source 16.
  • an electrical arc 22 is ignited between the welding wire 12 and the electrically conductive component 18, which is built up on a base plate 20, which leads to the melting of the welding wire 12.
  • the wire 12 is fed via motorized guides, for example wire feed rollers 13 on which the welding wire runs continuously tracked.
  • the melted material 24 is deposited in the form of weld beads which, in the WAAM process, form the component in a suitable manner by moving the torch or the component under the torch.
  • the protective gas 30 flowing out of suitable nozzles forms a layer or protective gas bell 32 in the area of the melt 24 or other desired areas of the component 18.
  • the protective gas 30 is supplied at least temporarily as a combination of several components 34, 36, which are supplied by a controllable gas mixing unit 38 can be mixed or adjusted in their quantity.
  • a device for temperature measurement 40 is provided, which can detect the temperature of the component 18 in a desired area, e.g. in the area of the melt 24 or also at any predetermined distance from the melt, e.g. in the area of the respective cooling weld beads.
  • the temperature measuring device 40, the gas mixing unit 38 and the power source are preferably connected to a control unit 42 which controls these elements.
  • a non-consumable electrode such as in
  • Tungsten inert gas welding can be used, so that the wire is fed continuously outside the torch in the area of the arc 22.
  • All materials customary in the field can be used as materials for melting and / or as a base plate for a joining or assembly process, for example various steels, aluminum, titanium and nickel alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, precious metal alloys and many others.
  • a targeted combination of components of the protective gas used can now influence the heat conditions.
  • the addition of helium to an argon-based protective gas has the effect, for example, of the high
  • Thermal conductivity of helium more heat is introduced into the component by the arc.
  • the arc power can also be reduced accordingly and / or the welding can be carried out more quickly, so that the efficiency of the process is increased.
  • the additional heat input can also be used to facilitate the connection, which is particularly important in the case of highly thermally conductive materials like aluminum or very viscous materials like high-alloyed ones
  • a higher heat input into the component is advantageous in order to achieve a better connection of the materials. If, however, the construction of the component has already progressed further after several welding layers, an increased heat input can be disadvantageous, since the already existing component heat already sufficiently supports the melting. To achieve this, the basic component (e.g. a base plate 20) is still cool.
  • Composition of the protective gas in the course of the welding process can be adapted dynamically depending on the temperature of the component (or certain component areas).
  • any suitable device 40 can be used to measure the temperature.
  • the temperature of the component is recorded via a contactless temperature measuring device. In this way, the component temperature can be determined as precisely as possible and without disrupting the welding process, with the measurement being continuous or in specific
  • Time intervals can take place.
  • Possible measuring methods for such a measurement include, for example, a measurement based on an infrared temperature measurement using a pyrometer, in which the temperature is deduced from the infrared radiation emitted by the component, or other suitable methods. In principle, however, local measurement methods such as
  • Temperature sensor or other conceivable. Depending on the version of the control, an absolute temperature can be measured or only a relative change in the
  • the temperature measuring device 40 can be permanently attached in an area of the production system or can also be connected to the welding torch 10, for example in the form of an additional module attached to the torch.
  • the measured temperatures can be transmitted directly to a control unit 42 via appropriate connections or cables.
  • the temperature measuring device 40 can also be connected to a control unit via wireless or wired interfaces.
  • the controller which adjusts the gas composition and controls the corresponding elements (such as valves, for example) in a gas mixing unit 38, can be its own protective gas controller.
  • the control is preferably combined with the control unit 42, which also controls the welding process, e.g. the electrode current, the movement speed and / or direction of movement of the torch 10 and / or component 18 in the case of at least partially automatic production, the speed of the wire feed 13 and others Process parameters.
  • control unit that controls the entire manufacturing process, e.g. the automatic component assembly through an additive process, similar to a 3D printer.
  • the control can for example be based on a microprocessor or FPGA (field programmable gate array) or implemented in a simple analog control unit.
  • the entire software-based control can be implemented in a suitable central control unit.
  • Suitable connections and interfaces can be provided in every embodiment, e.g. to be able to easily connect temperature sensors, burners or gas mixers to the control system.
  • display elements and input devices can be present, e.g. to be able to intervene manually in the control or to be able to query and enter process parameters that are used for the control by a user.
  • thermo conductivities of the components differ significantly, even a small change in the composition can lead to a significant change in the thermal conductivity of the resulting mixture, so that a corresponding adjustment of the protective gas mixture used produces a sufficient effect for the heat distribution in the component. It is also possible for a control unit to calculate the expected thermal conductivity of a gas mixture on the basis of stored specifications and to use this
  • the expected temperature change in the component in the event of a change in the shielding gas composition is calculated so that the control can then use these results to determine the gas composition, e.g. on the basis of a setpoint for the component temperature.
  • Welding shielding gas can be used, that is to say a gas with the main component argon, with additional components such as CO 2, O 2, N 2 or H2 optionally also being mixed with the shielding gas, preferably in small amounts.
  • Argon-based shielding gas for welding can be used as the first basic component of the shielding gas.
  • Helium for example, can then be used as a second component of the protective gas, whose high thermal conductivity can improve the effects mentioned, such as higher heat input into the component.
  • a second component of the protective gas whose high thermal conductivity can improve the effects mentioned, such as higher heat input into the component.
  • Gas component itself also comprise a mixture of several gases.
  • the proportion of helium in the entire protective gas is also comprise a mixture of several gases.
  • helium for example between 0 and 60% by volume of helium, preferably between 0 and 50% by volume or also between 0 and 25% by volume, while the remainder can be argon or an argon-based gas mixture.
  • helium for example between 0 and 60% by volume of helium, preferably between 0 and 50% by volume or also between 0 and 25% by volume, while the remainder can be argon or an argon-based gas mixture.
  • argon or an argon-based gas mixture but are also adapted to the
  • Base gases are increased or the helium content is reduced.
  • FIG. 2 shows exemplary method steps of a method according to the invention in a flowchart.
  • a welding process such as a WAAM building process
  • a preset mixture with a high proportion of helium can then be used as the protective gas, for example with 50% by volume of helium and 50% of argon.
  • the other parameters of the welding process can also be specified and the welding process can be started in step 100 with these parameters and the preset shielding gas composition.
  • the temperature of a component area is measured in step 110.
  • the measured temperature value is passed on to a control unit and processed there in step 120, for example by comparison with a threshold value, or by inserting it into a function which produces a resulting
  • Gas composition is passed on to gas mixing unit 38 in step 130 in the form of a control signal.
  • the welding method 100 is continued with the inert gas composition controlled in this way.
  • the proportion of helium can be reduced continuously or in stages in the course of the process, depending on the measured component temperature; For example, threshold temperatures could be set at which the helium content is reduced to 30%, 20% and finally 0% or close to 0% (e.g. between 0.5% and 3%), or the helium content can be continuously adjusted as a function of the measured temperature will.
  • This can be a linear or non-linear relationship between temperature and gas composition.
  • an assignment of temperature and proportion values can also be specified, e.g. in the form of a
  • the gas composition can accordingly also be changed continuously, or temperature measurements can be evaluated at predetermined time intervals and the gas composition can be adjusted as a result. Even with a continuous temperature measurement, however, only a gradual adjustment of the gas components can be selected.
  • the corresponding specifications such as threshold temperatures, functions and optional parameters such as time intervals for temperature measurement and gas adjustment can be saved in the control unit, e.g. also specifically for each process, and changed or updated if necessary.
  • compositions can be specified, which are only adjusted depending on the temperature.
  • an argon-based gas could be the first
  • Gas components are used and then carbon dioxide, CO2, dynamically mixed in in a suitable amount.
  • a high C0 2 share could then be provided at the beginning of an order process, which in the course of the Welding order is gradually or continuously reduced. In this way, a good heat input or penetration is achieved again at the beginning and an excessive heat input into the component is prevented later.
  • the suitable content of CO2 can be determined depending on the material, for example in the case of stainless steel, a CC> 2 content of 0 to 4% can preferably be provided, while in an unalloyed steel higher C0 2 proportions of up to 25% can be advantageous.
  • a suitable combination of several gas components can be selected for each selected material, the proportions of which are variably adapted both in the course and with regard to their minimum and maximum proportions in the gas mixture.
  • a feedback control loop can also be used which controls the gas composition as a function of the temperature, the proportion of one or more gas components being used as a manipulated variable in the control and a target temperature (or a broader temperature range) of the component to be maintained is specified as the target value.
  • the composition of the protective gas can also include three or more components, all or only some of which are dynamically adapted in a gas mixing unit 38.
  • two components can be used in a fixed ratio, while the proportion of the third component is adjusted depending on the temperature.
  • Two components can also be adjusted, e.g. one component could also be continuously reduced as the temperature rises, while a further component is added with a fixed or variable proportion when a certain threshold temperature is exceeded or fallen below.
  • one component could also be adjusted depending on the temperature, while another component (e.g. oxygen) is dynamically changed to change further process conditions on the basis of other parameters, e.g. to increase the melting rate.
  • a gas mixture can be provided in which argon or a
  • argon-based shielding gas is selected as the first gas component and as two further components helium and CO 2, each adapted to the temperature and / or the course of the process, are mixed in with a variable proportion, so that a
  • Gas mixture of (at least) three components is present.
  • Gas component are continuously supplied in the same amount and the second gas component can be throttled or increased accordingly until the desired proportionate composition in the mixed gas of both components is reached, or both gas components can be actively throttled or controlled, for example via electromagnetically or pneumatically operated throttle valves .
  • Conventional gas mixing stations can also be used, provided they can be electronically controlled by the control unit with suitable control signals.
  • a control signal is to be understood as any signal that is capable of a
  • a gas mixing unit for example an analog voltage signal that is applied to an electromagnetic valve or a blocking device.
  • Corresponding controllable valves or barriers or regulating devices for the amount of gas can be provided for only one or for several gas components.
  • the ready-mixed protective gas mixture can preferably be supplied to the component, or in a simpler embodiment the respective proportions of the
  • Gas components are fed individually in the area of the burner or component and the mixture can be achieved by the gas flow.
  • the gas composition can be changed either automatically or by manual intervention so that the component temperature
  • the gas composition of the protective gas can be made directly dependent on the temperature
  • a control could use the measured temperature and specified parameters such as the wire material used, the wall and layer thickness of the built-up materials, the speed of material deposition or wire feed and other key figures to calculate suitable parameters that model the thermal behavior in the component. That way you could
  • the thermal conductivity behavior of the built-up layers can be estimated in a control from temperature measurements and the gas composition can be adjusted more precisely depending on the expected heat development. This enables an optimized adaptation of the shielding gases used.
  • the gas composition could also be changed by switching between two fixed gas mixtures when the protective gas is supplied.
  • a temperature threshold for example, can again be used as a trigger condition for the switchover. This allows finished
  • Inert gas mixtures can be used in a simple manner and there only needs to be one controllable switching option that can switch between two (or more) gas supply lines.
  • a first argon-based gas could be used as the base gas without relevant additives, while a second
  • Gas mixture with a helium content is used as a protective gas under certain conditions, for example at the start of the process, and the control only switches between the supply of these two protective gases when required.
  • control can also be recorded or adapted on the basis of a standard process that has been run through, in which temperatures and optionally other process parameters are monitored in order to
  • Adjust gas composition optimally.
  • the temperature measurement and control can in this case take place as in the previous examples. In later runs with an identical or the same process sequence, such a system can then automatically adjust the composition without further measurements.
  • a control based on currently running process steps in a welding process instead of a pure time control, e.g. if a torch is automatically moved to certain locations on the material (or, conversely, a component is moved along under the torch).
  • parameters of the welding torch 10 itself can be adjusted in step 140 from FIG. 2, e.g. depending on the measured temperatures and / or depending on the control of the
  • Process parameters are ideally coordinated with one another even at short notice.
  • the parameters of the torch or the power source 16 of the welding device can be set as a function of the activated gas composition.
  • Corresponding functions or assignments can also be made for the Shares of the gas components and the current used are present and the current source 16 can be controlled on this basis.
  • specifications such as the materials used can be stored and retrieved, or can also be flexibly queried or entered in a user dialog so that the optimal composition is used for any process.
  • specifications such as the materials used can be stored and retrieved, or can also be flexibly queried or entered in a user dialog so that the optimal composition is used for any process.
  • parameters can also be changed depending on the device connected to the system, for example in that the type of welding device or torch is selected by the user or is automatically recognized when it is connected.
  • embodiments of the invention can alternatively also be in a
  • Either the complete component or partial surfaces to be processed can be introduced into the chamber.
  • mobile cover elements with or without an integrated burner can be placed on a component, which hold the protective gas in place, whereby one or more protective gas nozzles can be correspondingly integrated into the cover element.
  • Protective gas mixture can be used as described above.
  • Temperature measuring devices may be provided, once the temperature in Area of the burner and once the temperature is measured in a more distant area for cooling and the gas composition is adjusted accordingly, or the temperature is only taken into account for the burner area.
  • the protective gas near the melt is temporarily provided with additional gas components, such as helium, while further away a cheaper protective gas without helium content is used for the cooling phase or for filling the chamber or cover hood.
  • the necessary gas nozzles can either be provided separately, for example for attachment as a drag nozzle, or designed to be integrated directly with the burner.
  • wire build-up welding processes are described in detail, but the method according to the invention for dynamic gas mixing is also suitable for other known methods that require the use of protective gases and / or active gases, such as joint welding, powder build-up welding processes with different heat sources, laser sintering with powder or wire material , general build-up welding for coating processes, various fully mechanical or automated welding processes such as MIG (metal inert gas welding), MAG (metal active gas welding), TIG (tungsten inert gas welding) and plasma welding, laser welding and electron beam welding as well as other generally known processes.
  • MIG metal inert gas welding
  • MAG metal active gas welding
  • TIG tungsten inert gas welding
  • plasma welding laser welding and electron beam welding as well as other generally known processes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'apport dynamique de gaz protecteur, comprenant les étapes consistant à apporter un gaz protecteur (30, 32) à un composant (18) dans un processus de soudure ; détecter (110) la température d'une zone du composant ; et établir (120) la composition du gaz protecteur (30) en fonction de la température détectée.
EP20743069.5A 2019-07-08 2020-07-06 Mélange dynamique de gaz protecteurs Pending EP3996863A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19020417.2A EP3763469A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 Mélange dynamique de gaz de protection
PCT/EP2020/025320 WO2021004659A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2020-07-06 Mélange dynamique de gaz protecteurs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3996863A1 true EP3996863A1 (fr) 2022-05-18

Family

ID=67220605

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19020417.2A Withdrawn EP3763469A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 Mélange dynamique de gaz de protection
EP20743069.5A Pending EP3996863A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2020-07-06 Mélange dynamique de gaz protecteurs

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19020417.2A Withdrawn EP3763469A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 Mélange dynamique de gaz de protection

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20220314356A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP3763469A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021004659A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113732443B (zh) * 2021-09-27 2022-08-16 南京理工大学 一种改善镍基超合金增材成形质量与凝固裂纹敏感性的工艺方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529863A (en) * 1983-09-01 1985-07-16 P.P.I. Performance Process International Gas metal arc welding method
DE10328968A1 (de) * 2003-06-26 2005-01-13 Linde Ag Metall-Schutzgas-Fügen mit wechselnder Polarität
US8129652B2 (en) * 2007-10-30 2012-03-06 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Welding stability system and method
AT513674B1 (de) * 2012-11-28 2014-08-15 Fronius Int Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen des Schutzgases bei einem Schweißprozess
US20160101481A1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2016-04-14 Illinois Tool Works Inc. System and method for monitoring welding threshold conditions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20220314356A1 (en) 2022-10-06
EP3763469A1 (fr) 2021-01-13
WO2021004659A1 (fr) 2021-01-14

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