EP3994412B1 - Système et procédé de nettoyage par ondes de choc pour échangeur thermique d'une chaudière - Google Patents

Système et procédé de nettoyage par ondes de choc pour échangeur thermique d'une chaudière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3994412B1
EP3994412B1 EP20747014.7A EP20747014A EP3994412B1 EP 3994412 B1 EP3994412 B1 EP 3994412B1 EP 20747014 A EP20747014 A EP 20747014A EP 3994412 B1 EP3994412 B1 EP 3994412B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
piston
gas
tube
cleaning
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Active
Application number
EP20747014.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3994412A1 (fr
Inventor
Nazim MERLO
Anthony Castillo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CNIM Environnement et Energie EPC SAS
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CNIM Environnement et Energie EPC SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shock wave cleaning system which is intended to be installed on any system emitting dust, ash or clogging deposits.
  • the invention relates to a shock wave cleaning system intended to be installed on a thermal system of the industrial boiler type, and emerging opposite at least one heat exchanger of the vaporizer or superheater type.
  • the invention relates, more particularly, to a cleaning system as defined in the preamble of claim 1, and as illustrated in document US2009/120336A1 .
  • the invention further relates to a boiler comprising heat exchangers and a plurality of systems for cleaning said exchangers.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cleaning at least one exchanger of the boiler implemented by the cleaning system.
  • this type of boiler can be installed at the outlet of a household waste incineration device.
  • the flue gases are charged with particles which are deposited on the walls of the heat exchangers of the boiler, which generates deposits on the surface of said heat exchanger walls.
  • Cleaning the walls of the heat exchangers is essential to ensure the optimal functioning of said exchangers.
  • shock tubes conventionally comprising a high-pressure compressed air chamber connected to a low-pressure chamber by means of a quick release device and generally called air cannons.
  • the low pressure chamber preferably has the shape of a tube whose the open free end is provided to be oriented towards the surface to be cleaned.
  • these rapid triggering systems generate shock waves whose pressure is not sufficient to break and remove the adherent deposits on the walls of the heat exchangers, when these are far from the air gun, which is quickly the case on large capacity industrial steam generators (several thermal megawatts) with ducts of several m2 cross-section.
  • explosion shock tubes comprising a gaseous mixture with fuel and oxidizer, and an ignition device for the gaseous mixture to create an explosion. This explosion generates a shock wave which propagates in the direction of the exchanger to be cleaned to break and remove the deposit on its walls.
  • the invention thus aims to remedy the problem of the state of the art identified above by proposing a shock wave cleaning system for at least one heat exchanger of a boiler, which has optimum cleaning efficiency, generates reasonable operating costs and operates under optimum safety conditions.
  • the invention relates to a cleaning system for a heat exchanger, suitable for generating shock waves from a gas and projecting them against the surface of the exchanger, which system comprises at least one cleaning device comprising a first high pressure chamber intended to be fluidically connected to a reservoir of pressurized gas to supply said first high pressure chamber with gas, a second low pressure chamber comprising a shock wave exhaust port, and a trigger device reversibly operable between a closed position preventing fluid communication between said first and second chambers, and an open position placing said chambers in fluid communication.
  • the invention also relates to a boiler comprising a plurality of heat exchangers and a cleaning system as described above and comprising a plurality of cleaning devices, the exhaust port of the second low pressure chamber of each cleaning device being opposite at least one heat exchanger of the boiler.
  • the cleaning system 1 comprises at least one cleaning device 10 extending along a longitudinal axis X and which comprises a first so-called high-pressure chamber 2, which is suitable for storing gas at a pressure of between 50 and 300 bars, preferably between 70 and 150 bars.
  • the cleaning device 10 also comprises a second so-called low-pressure chamber 4, which comprises an open orifice 5 opening outwards which is at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure. This open orifice is the exhaust orifice 5 of shock waves 6 which makes it possible to clean the heat exchangers 22, as will be specified later.
  • the second chamber is a tube 4, a first free end of which forms the shock wave exhaust port 5.
  • the tube 4 is preferably of cylindrical section, but can also be of polygonal section without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the surface of this section is preferably between 30 and 70 cm 2 .
  • the tube 4 further comprises a second opposite free end 14 which is housed in the first high pressure chamber 2. In the remainder of the description, the term “low pressure tube” will be used to designate the second low pressure chamber 4.
  • the first high-pressure chamber 2 comprises a first hollow cylindrical element 25 comprising a bottom wall 26 traversed at its center by the tube 4, so that the second free end 14 of the said low-pressure tube 4 opens into this first element 25. Between the outer wall of the tube 4 and the bottom wall 26 is perfectly sealed.
  • the tube 4 and the first element 25 form a single and unique piece.
  • the first element 25 further comprises an annular lip 27 at the edge of the cylindrical wall 28 of the first element 25, the function of which will be specified below.
  • the first high-pressure chamber 2 further comprises a second hollow cylindrical element 29 of the same diameter as the first hollow element 25, also comprising a bottom wall 32 and an annular lip 30 at the edge of the the cylindrical wall 31 of said second element 29.
  • the first and second elements 25, 29 are secured coaxially to each other along the axis X at their respective annular lips, preferably by bolting or by any other known securing means.
  • the first and second elements 25, 29 can form a single and unique part.
  • the cleaning device 10 comprises a trigger device 7 whose role is to allow the generation of shock waves 6 (see figure 5e ) propagating in the low pressure tube 4 towards the exhaust port 5.
  • a trigger device 7 whose role is to allow the generation of shock waves 6 (see figure 5e ) propagating in the low pressure tube 4 towards the exhaust port 5.
  • the latter has a length L of between eight and twelve times its external diameter Dex, and preferably has a length L making ten times the outer diameter Dex of said tube.
  • a shock wave is a mechanical wave resulting from an event causing a sudden transition and/or a pressure discontinuity.
  • a shock wave can thus be generated during a sudden change in gas pressure, for example during an explosion.
  • the shock wave is generated following the placing in communication of two media, for example gaseous, having very different initial pressures, the shock wave being in fact generated without explosion.
  • the front of the shock wave then propagates at a necessarily supersonic speed.
  • the trigger device 7 comprises a piston 13 with a T-shaped section, comprising a cylindrical central body 130 passing through the bottom wall 32 of the second element 29 through a bore of the same diameter as that of the central body 130, so that the piston 13, the first and second elements 25, 29 of the first high pressure chamber 2 and the tube 4 are all coaxial along the axis X.
  • the piston 13 On either side of its central body 130, the piston 13 comprises a first free end cylindrical portion 16 and a second free end cylindrical portion 17.
  • the piston 13 is movable along its longitudinal axis between two positions, respectively closing and opening.
  • the piston 13 In its closed position as shown on the figure 1 , the first free end portion 16 of the piston is housed in the low pressure tube 4 to prevent the communication of fluid between said low pressure tube 4 and the first high pressure chamber 2.
  • the piston 13 comprises a first shoulder 33 which defines the limit between the central body 130 of the piston, the diameter of which is equal to the external diameter of the low-pressure tube 4, and the first free end portion 16 of piston 13 whose diameter Dp is equal to the internal diameter of tube 4.
  • Piston 13 further comprises a second shoulder 34 delimiting central body 130 and second free end portion 17 whose diameter is greater than that of the central body 130.
  • the first shoulder 33 of the piston 13 is in abutment against the peripheral edge of the second free end 14 of the low pressure tube 4, and the second shoulder 34 of the piston 13 is in abutment against the external face of the bottom wall 32 of the second element 29 of the first chamber 2.
  • the first high-pressure chamber 2 thus forms an annular cavity 20 when the piston 13 is in its closed position.
  • the ratio between the pressure of the shock wave P 2 and the initial pressure P 1 in the low pressure tube 4 when the piston 13 is in the closed position must be between 5 and 25. The higher this ratio, the higher the pressure P 2 of the shock wave, the more said shock wave 6 will ensure effective cleaning.
  • the pressure P 2 is greater than five bars, and is typically between five and twenty-five bars, preferably between ten and twenty bars.
  • P 4 is the pressure prevailing in the annular cavity 20, that is to say in the first high pressure chamber 2, when the piston 13 is in the closed position, and c 1 and c 4 correspond to the speed of sound in the gas respectively at the pressure P 1 and at the pressure P 4 .
  • the coefficients K1, K2, K3 and K4 are dependent on ⁇ , which is itself a polytropic coefficient; as a first approximation, y corresponds to the Laplace coefficient.
  • Such a pressure can be obtained by connecting by appropriate fluidic means the first high pressure chamber 2 to a reservoir of gas under high pressure 3.
  • the gas used is non-explosive and of low density, and has a mass volume of less than 0.8 kg/m 3 when its pressure is one bar.
  • the gas tank 3 comprises helium cylinders 36, 360, 361 at 200 or 300 bars ( figure 2 , 3 And 4 ).
  • a first alternative represented figure 2 To overcome the progressive drop in pressure of the helium cylinders 36 inherent in the progressive emptying of said cylinders, it is advantageous in a first alternative represented figure 2 to fluidically connect between the supply tank 3 and the first high pressure chamber 2 of each cleaning device 10 an intermediate tank 100 whose operating pressure is a few bars, typically between 2 and 5 bars.
  • a controlled compressor 37 is then fluidly connected 12, 35 between this intermediate tank 100 and the first high pressure chamber 2 of each cleaning device 10, to allow this first high pressure chamber 2 to be supplied with gas up to a pressure of 1 order of 300 bar.
  • a controlled valve 39 is connected at the inlet of the intermediate tank 100, to control the gas supply to said intermediate tank 100.
  • the cleaning system 1 comprises a single additional tank 200 comprising a plurality of gas cylinders 360 whose pressure is maintained at least 1.2 times, ideally 1.5 times, higher than the pressure P 4 of the first high pressure chamber 2 when the latter is charged with gas and the piston 13 is in the closed position.
  • This pressure is maintained by a compressor 47 fluidly connected between the supply reservoir 3 and the complementary reservoir 200.
  • the cleaning system 1 comprises as many additional tanks 201 as there are cleaning devices 10, each additional tank 201 comprising at least one bottle of pressurized gas 361. Each additional tank 201 is fluidly connected between the supply tank 3 and the cleaning device considered 10.
  • the cleaning system 1 comprises a plurality of compressors 47, each fluidly connected upstream of the complementary reservoir considered 201 in order to ensure a pressure in the cylinders 361 at least equal to 1.2 times the pressure P 4 , and ideally at least equal to 1.5 times this pressure P 4 .
  • This second variant is preferable when the distance between the supply tank 3 and the cleaning devices 10 is large, because the integration of a plurality of complementary tanks 201 near the cleaning devices 10 makes it possible to reduce the filling time. of the first chambers 2 of the considered cleaning devices 10.
  • the triggering device 7 comprises a device 15 for actuating the piston 13 adapted to actuate said piston between its two positions of opening and closing respectively.
  • This actuation device 15 comprises a coaxial circular plate 40 provided with a central rod 46 extending perpendicularly to said plate 40, which rod 46 is housed in a longitudinal orifice 42 provided in the piston 13.
  • the actuation device 15 further comprises a first mechanical member 18, preferably a helical spring whose ends are respectively fixed to the plate 40 and to the outer face 170 of the second free end portion 17 of the piston.
  • the device comprises a second mechanical member 19, or where appropriate a pneumatic member 19, housed in an opening of corresponding shape formed in the bottom wall 32 of the second element 29 of the first chamber 2.
  • this second member 19 When this second member 19 is actuated, it generates a force for maintaining the second shoulder 34 of the piston 13 against the second element 29 of the first chamber 2, and therefore tends to bring the piston 13 back to its closed position and to maintain it in this position.
  • the actuation device 15 comprises an electromagnetic member, formed of an annular electromagnet connected to electrical supply means (not shown) and housed in an opening of corresponding shape made in the bottom wall 32 of the second element 29 of the first chamber 2.
  • the electromagnet When the electromagnet is supplied with electricity, it generates a force of attraction on the second shoulder 34 of the piston 13 which tends to press the latter against the second element 29 of the first chamber 2, and therefore tends to return the piston 13 to its closed position and to maintain it in this position.
  • this is the annular contact surface 9 between the central body 130 of the piston and the second element 29 of the first high-pressure chamber 2, to which is added the contact surface between the external face of the bottom wall 32 and the internal face of the second free end of the piston 17.
  • the times for filling the first chamber 2 and the delays between the end of the filling of said first chamber 2 and the generation of a shock wave 6 are adapted according to a method of generating shock waves by the cleaning system 1, which method will be described in detail below.
  • the cleaning device 10 can also comprise, according to the invention, a device 8 for recovering said leak gases 23 coming from the first high pressure chamber 2 when the piston 13 is in its closed position.
  • the leak gas recovery device 8 comprises a recovery chamber 11 in fluid communication with the leak zone 9. In this way, the gas coming from the first high pressure chamber 2 and having escaped through the leak zone 9 is recovered and stored in this recovery chamber 11.
  • This recovery chamber 11 comprises a through orifice, the peripheral edge of which is secured in leaktight manner to the peripheral edge of the bottom wall 32 of the second hollow element 29.
  • the entire part of the cleaning device 10 located upstream of the junction between the wall bottom 32 of the second hollow element 29 and the recovery chamber 11 is thus housed in said recovery chamber 11, considering that the terms upstream and downstream are relative to the direction of propagation of the shock wave 6 in the lower tube pressure 4.
  • the bottom wall 32 of the second hollow element 29 is wider than the cylindrical wall 31 of said second hollow element 29.
  • each cleaning device 10 (two are shown in the figure 2 ) is fluidly connected to the intermediate tank 100 by suitable pipes 41.
  • the intermediate tank 100 thus also forms a leak gas recovery tank 23.
  • These leak gases 23 recovered in the recovery chamber 11 are thus reinjected into the intermediate tank 100, in order to be used for the future filling of the first high pressure chamber 2.
  • the recovery device 8 therefore ensures the recycling of the leak gases 23.
  • the recovery tank is different from the intermediate tank 100, and can for example consist of a plurality of bottles to be filled.
  • the valve 39 ensuring the circulation of gas from the supply tank 3 is controlled to open to allow the accumulation of gas in the first high pressure chamber 2.
  • the piston 13 is in this step maintained or previously actuated in its position closing, the spring 18 being in its rest position and the second mechanical member 19 actuated.
  • the filling time is very short, and ideally, this time expressed in seconds is less than or equal to ten times the value of the volume expressed in liters of the first chamber 2.
  • the filling time of said chamber 2 is less than or equal to ten seconds.
  • a second step as soon as the pressure in the first chamber 2 reaches a determined threshold, measured for example by a pressure sensor integrated in the cleaning system 1, the valve 39 is controlled to close to stop the gas supply from the tank. supply 3.
  • a first determined delay typically less than five seconds to prevent the gas 23 from escaping from the first chamber 2
  • the cylinders 24 are activated ( figure 5b ) to move the plate 40 away from the piston 13. This has the effect of tensioning the spring 18 stored between the piston 13 and the plate 40 and of generating a tension force F 1 tending to move the piston 13 towards its open position.
  • the cylinders 24 are stopped as soon as the spring 18 reaches the desired extension to generate the force of determined value ( figure 5c ) which value is typically between 2000 and 10000 Newtons.
  • the first step is carried out after the second step. In this way, there is no need to apply a delay between the end of the filling of the first chamber 2 and the actuation of the jacks 24. The duration between the end of the filling and the generation of a shock wave 6 will then be reduced, which has the effect of further limiting gas leaks from the first chamber 2.
  • the second mechanical member 19 is no longer actuated, so that there is no longer any resistance force to the mechanical force F 1 generated by the spring 18.
  • This causes the piston 13 to move rapidly (arrows 45 of the figure 5d ) to its open position ( figure 5e ) and setting sudden fluid communication between the first chamber 2 and the tube 4.
  • the opening speed is greater than 1.5 m 2 per second, and is typically between 1.5 and 3.5 m 2 per second, for a tube 4 whose section is between 30 and 70 cm 2 .
  • the displacement time of the piston 13 between its two positions is between 0.2 and 15 milliseconds, preferably between 2 and 4 milliseconds, which corresponds to a longitudinal speed of the piston 13 of the order of 10 meters per second.
  • the minimum speed of the piston 13 to allow the generation of a shock wave 6 being 8 meters per second. It is the rapid displacement of the piston 13 which allows the generation of a supersonic shock wave 6, without any combustion or explosion being necessary.
  • the free end 16 of the piston 13 which is housed in the tube 4 when the said piston 13 is in its closed position has a sufficient length at least equal to 2 centimeters.
  • the jacks 24 are actuated after a second determined delay to bring the plate 40 and the jack 24 back to its closed position.
  • the second mechanical member 19 is then actuated to block the piston 13 in its closed position.
  • the method comprises a preliminary step of purging the high pressure chamber 2 with the supply gas coming from the reservoir 3, and from the tube 4 with another denser gas, typically compressed air.
  • the first chamber 2 is then swept with a volume of helium corresponding to one to three times the volume of said first chamber 2 while the piston 13 is in its open position.
  • tube 4 is purged with a volume of compressed air corresponding to two to four times the volume of said tube 4.
  • the method comprises a step of continuous recovery of the leak gases 23, which is implemented during the method, to allow the recovery of the leak gas in the recovery chamber 11 as long as the first chamber 2 is pressurized, that is to say as long as the piston 13 is in its closed position and the first high pressure chamber 2 is supplied with gas.
  • the cleaning system 1 of the invention comprises a plurality of cleaning devices 10 installed opposite the heat exchangers 22 of a vertical convective boiler 21 of known type.
  • This boiler comprises a duct 43 for the circulation of high temperature industrial fumes 44, in which are installed a plurality of heat exchangers 22.
  • these heat exchangers 22 recover the heat from the fumes, but a deposit of particles ends up by fouling the walls of the exchangers 22, which reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanges 22.
  • the cleaning devices 10 are arranged such that the exhaust orifice 5 of their tube 4 faces the heat exchanger 22 to be cleaned. A clever arrangement of the cleaning devices 10 makes it possible to generate shock waves 6 on the walls of the set of heat exchangers 22.
  • Each cleaning device 10 comprising a mechanical piston trigger system 13 combined with use with a gas of low density, thus makes it possible to generate shock waves 6 of high pressure to make it possible to break and remove the deposit on the walls. heat exchangers.
  • the gas being non-explosive, the safety conditions during the use of said cleaning system 1 are optimal, and the operating costs are reduced.
  • the embodiments described above are in no way limiting, and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the trigger device 7 of the cleaning device 10 possibly comprising a controlled guillotine valve separating the first high pressure chamber 2 and the tube 4.
  • any type of gas whose density at one bar is less than 0.8 kg/m 3 is compatible with the cleaning system 1 of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
EP20747014.7A 2019-07-01 2020-06-30 Système et procédé de nettoyage par ondes de choc pour échangeur thermique d'une chaudière Active EP3994412B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1907293A FR3098291B1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Systeme et procede de nettoyage par ondes de choc pour echangeur thermique d’une chaudiere.
PCT/FR2020/000196 WO2021001606A1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2020-06-30 Système et procédé de nettoyage par ondes de choc pour échangeur thermique d'une chaudière

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3994412A1 EP3994412A1 (fr) 2022-05-11
EP3994412B1 true EP3994412B1 (fr) 2023-04-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20747014.7A Active EP3994412B1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2020-06-30 Système et procédé de nettoyage par ondes de choc pour échangeur thermique d'une chaudière

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3994412B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN114008404A (pt)
ES (1) ES2951315T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR3098291B1 (pt)
PL (1) PL3994412T3 (pt)
PT (1) PT3994412T (pt)
WO (1) WO2021001606A1 (pt)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4702761B2 (ja) * 2000-01-14 2011-06-15 バブコック日立株式会社 音波式スートブロアとその運用方法
US20080292998A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 United Technologies Corporation Pulse detonation cleaning apparatus
US20090120336A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 General Electric Company Impulse combustion cleaning system and method
FR2938623B1 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2013-02-22 Soc Detudes Et De Recherches De Lecole Nationale Superieure Darts Et Metiers Seram Canon deflagrateur comportant un piston mobile
CN201697140U (zh) * 2010-06-17 2011-01-05 长沙贝尔环保节能设备有限公司 空气激波吹灰系统
JP5748540B2 (ja) * 2011-04-15 2015-07-15 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 音波発生装置およびそれを使用した音波式付着物除去・抑制装置、音波式スートブロワ装置、熱交換装置、排ガス処理装置、産業機器ならびに音波発生装置の運用方法、熱交換装置の運用方法
CN106287767A (zh) * 2016-10-24 2017-01-04 河南鑫饰板业有限公司 一种气爆式氮气吹灰装置
CN207161280U (zh) * 2017-09-20 2018-03-30 封士玉 一种吸盘式电磁铁驱动泵

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2951315T3 (es) 2023-10-19
FR3098291A1 (fr) 2021-01-08
EP3994412A1 (fr) 2022-05-11
PL3994412T3 (pl) 2023-12-04
FR3098291B1 (fr) 2021-07-02
PT3994412T (pt) 2023-07-11
WO2021001606A1 (fr) 2021-01-07
CN114008404A (zh) 2022-02-01

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