EP3986992A1 - Method for producing a biofuel by steam cracking - Google Patents
Method for producing a biofuel by steam crackingInfo
- Publication number
- EP3986992A1 EP3986992A1 EP20742358.3A EP20742358A EP3986992A1 EP 3986992 A1 EP3986992 A1 EP 3986992A1 EP 20742358 A EP20742358 A EP 20742358A EP 3986992 A1 EP3986992 A1 EP 3986992A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steam cracking
- biomass
- steam
- biofuel
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002029 lignocellulosic biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000218692 Cryptomeria Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002352 steam pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- JNIQBPHJIAOMQU-FSIIMWSLSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxoheptanoic acid Chemical group CC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O JNIQBPHJIAOMQU-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005109 Cryptomeria japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010338 mechanical breakdown Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003797 solvolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- YSGSDAIMSCVPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N valyl-methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)C(C)C YSGSDAIMSCVPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
- D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
- D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
- D21B1/36—Explosive disintegration by sudden pressure reduction
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C1/00—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting
- D21C1/02—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting with water or steam
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/02—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with inorganic bases or alkaline reacting compounds, e.g. sulfate processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D21/00—Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH value
- G05D21/02—Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH value characterised by the use of electric means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
- B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/148—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/58—Control or regulation of the fuel preparation of upgrading process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/60—Measuring or analysing fractions, components or impurities or process conditions during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/10—Analysis or design of chemical reactions, syntheses or processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C60/00—Computational materials science, i.e. ICT specially adapted for investigating the physical or chemical properties of materials or phenomena associated with their design, synthesis, processing, characterisation or utilisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of solid biofuel from a treatment of biomass from various sources, by a steam cracking process or steam explosion.
- Biomass constitutes a renewable primary energy transportable to its place of transformation but constitutes a low density, variable and perishable energy source.
- Steam explosion is a treatment of biomass commonly used for the production of biofuels, in particular in the form of granules (“black pellets” in English). It employs both physical / mechanical and chemical methods to disrupt the structure of lignocellulosic material.
- the steam explosion is a violent evaporation or flash evaporation of water into vapor.
- Pressure vessels which operate above atmospheric pressure can also provide the conditions for rapid boiling which can be characterized as a steam explosion.
- the biomass introduced into a steam cracking reactor, continuously or in batches, is quickly heated with saturated steam under high pressure.
- the biomass / vapor mixture is maintained for a period of time to promote hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and other chemical and physical changes, this period is then followed by explosive decompression.
- the steam explosion is typically initiated at a temperature of 160-260 ° C for a few seconds to a few minutes before the material is exposed to atmospheric pressure.
- the apparatus for the steam explosion consists of an evaporator (steam generator) and a reactor which is subjected to rapid decompression.
- Steam explosion can be described as consisting of two successive phases: steam cracking (i.e., breaking up complex molecules into smaller molecules under the effect of steam) and explosive decompression.
- the first phase consists in making vapor under high pressure penetrate inside the structure of the material.
- the vapor condenses and wets the surface of the material.
- the condensed water initiates the hydrolysis of the acetyl and methylglucuronic acid groups present in the hemicelluloses.
- the acids thus released reduce the pH of the medium and catalyze the depolymerization of the hemicelluloses.
- the application of more stringent conditions allows the formation of monosaccharides while increasing the concentration of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which are fermentation inhibitors.
- the explosive decompression causes the instantaneous evaporation of part of the condensation water present in the structure.
- This expansion of water vapor exerts a shear force on the surrounding structure. If the shear force is high enough, the steam will cause the mechanical breakdown of lignocellulosic structures.
- the combined effects of the two stages include modification of the physical properties of the material (specific surface area, water retention, coloring, crystallinity of cellulose, etc.), hydrolysis of the hemicellulosic components, and modification of the chemical structure of the cellulose. lignin, allowing the opening of the material and facilitating their extraction.
- the two parameters controlling the steam explosion are the reaction temperature and the residence time.
- the time that the biomass spends in the reactor helps determine the degree of hydrolysis of hemicelluloses by organic acids. However, long residence times will also increase the production of degradation products, which must be minimized in a subsequent fermentation process.
- the temperature controls the vapor pressure in the reactor. Higher temperatures translate to higher pressures, thus increasing the difference between reactor pressure and atmospheric pressure. The pressure difference is in turn proportional to the shear force.
- Tr is the reaction temperature (° C)
- Tb is the base temperature (boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure: 100 ° C)
- t is the residence time (min)
- 14.75 is l
- the production of biofuels by steam cracking is made from natural biomass, coming from cutting of wood or coppice, or products derived from the exploitation of wood, even other agricultural products, and the operating point is optimized. to obtain good energy quality for the steam cracked powder.
- Steam cracking differs from hydrothermal pretreatment, also known as aqueous fractionation, solvolysis, hydrothermolysis or hydrothermal treatment, in that the latter involves using water at high temperature and pressure to promote the disintegration and separation of the gas. lignocellulosic matrix. This technique is not suitable for the production of black granules since the products obtained are predominantly liquid.
- Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of an organic compound by intense heating in the absence of oxygen.
- the compounds obtained after pyrolysis differ in their characteristics from those obtained by steam cracking. Steam cracking cannot be likened to a pyrolysis technique in that it employs a steam explosion and is carried out in the presence of oxygen.
- Pyrolysis techniques are known, for example from document WO2012 / 109490, or from document CN105806735A, using digital models in order to optimize the parameters of their processes. These known pyrolysis techniques are based on the chemical decomposition of an organic compound by intense heating in the absence of oxygen.
- the BV BABU document “Biomass pyrolysis: a State of the art review” also describes a state of the art of pyrolysis techniques. However, these processes differ from steam cracking techniques.
- SAGEHASMI ET AL “Superheated steam pyrolysis of biomass elemental components and Sugi (Japanese cedar) for fuels and Chemicals” discloses a process using a digital model of superheated steam pyrolysis whose application is limited to samples of certain constituents. individual biomass (Xylan, cellulose, lignin, etc.) or to a single type of biomass, namely Japanese cedar (Table 1 page 1273; right column, page 1273, line 1-5).
- the best solution to guarantee the best result of steam cracking is to provide a regular and controlled supply of the same quality of biomass.
- this involves providing homogeneous batches of wood of the same species from the same plot, with a selection on tree sizes and trunk diameters, in particular to have a regular debarking.
- it is necessary to seek to group together in homogeneous batches and to supply the steam cracker with these batches, and at each change of batches and quality readjust the operating parameters of the steam cracking.
- This requires traceability and compliance with specifications by biomass suppliers, great confidence, and at the plant level an ability to identify changes in batches or quality to modify the conduct of operations. However, this does not prevent certain batches from being mixed by other species, varying ages or different qualities of biomass.
- the particle size distribution and the energy yield decrease when the severity factor increases.
- the solutions of the prior art require sorting the supplies at different stages: on the cutting or harvesting site, during loading, on wood or biomass storage, during the stages of preparation (debarking, stone removal, grinding). It will then be necessary to regroup and recreate homogeneous batches with the rejections, which entails handling, storage and traceability needs, and does not prevent different products from passing through this screen.
- the present invention relates in its most general sense to a continuous production process. or discontinuous of a biofuel by steam cracking of lignocellulosic plant biomass characterized in that:
- a digital model of the optimal steam cracking parameters is recorded as a function of the typology of the plant constituents of the biomass
- the steam cracking reactor is fed with heterogeneous biomass
- the typology of the plant biomass constituents is measured at least once during the treatment
- the adjustment of the steam cracking parameters is controlled as a function of the typology of the plant constituents of the measured biomass and of said digital model.
- the term “typology of plant constituents of biomass” means the combination of the various constituents of biomass (lignin, cellulose, etc.) as well as their relative proportions which define the nature of the biomass.
- Each type of biomass has a particular typology due to its constituents and is further defined by indicators. The indicators are for example the level of heterogeneity of the biomass or its nature.
- the treated biomass can consist of a mixture of different types of biomass exhibiting different indicators; we then speak of "heterogeneous biomass",
- the lignocellulosic biomass has a humidity of less than 27%, and is directly subjected to a steam cracking treatment without any other prior thermal or chemical treatment.
- said adjusted parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: severity factor, steam cracking pressure, steam cracking temperature, duration of steam cracking, stopping of steam cracking, steam / solid ratio (leaching stripping), filling rate of the steam cracking vessel, speed of advance in the steam cracking chamber, compression ratio at the inlet, compression ratio at the outlet of the discharge of the reactor with the diameter of the orifice, feed rate, humidity, particle size.
- - Said measurement step consists of taking a sample of the biomass entering the steam cracking chamber and applying a physico-chemical analysis to said sample to characterize the biomass taken.
- - Said measuring step consists in taking a sample of the gaseous or liquid effluents in or at the outlet of the steam cracking chamber and in applying a physicochemical analysis on said sample to characterize the steam cracked biomass.
- Said measuring step consists in taking a sample of steam cracked products in or at the outlet of the steam cracking chamber and in applying a physicochemical analysis on said sample to characterize the steam cracked biomass.
- Said measuring step consists of taking a sample of granules and applying a physicochemical analysis to said sample to characterize the granules produced with the steam cracked biomass.
- said model is determined by a series of chemical simulations.
- the invention also relates to an installation implementing such a method.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a steam cracking installation.
- the continuous or batch steam cracking process provides methods for controlling and controlling the steam cracking conditions allowing modulation of the severity of the treatment (reaction time and temperature) to adapt to the incoming raw material and to its heterogeneity over time, on the scale of years, seasons, storage times and during the process and of course the qualitative variation of incoming biomass. It is based on the fact that the material is chemically modified by a thermal reaction around 200 ° C, preferably 205-210 ° C, which corresponds to the necessary energy of activation allowing the depolymerization and the volatilization of poor oxygenates.
- thermolabile hemicelluloses in energy (in particular the constituents of the most thermolabile hemicelluloses) with such flexible residence times, preferably 6 to 8 minutes, and which constitute a balance between minimal reactor occupancy (economic advantage) and material yield conserved (technical advantage), all by increasing the calorific value of the final compound, and by preserving the integrity of other macromolecules such as cellulose and lignin, the latter being essential to ensure the cohesion of the final granule, and therefore its resistance to water and to mechanical handling .
- the temperature range can also extend from 180 to 220 ° C, the duration from 5 to 30 minutes
- the steam cracked powder exhibit a detrimental heterogeneity to the downstream process of granulation. It is therefore also necessary to have the means to manage this disparity.
- the effect of steam treatment is measured by the density and particle size of the product.
- Products are generally achieved in which the majority (> 80%) consists of particles smaller than 500 mpi, and a few percent of particles remain greater than a millimeter or even a few millimeters.
- a variation in the product results in the presence of less well exploded fractions, often exhibiting preservation of long fibers or platelets resulting from grinding before steam cracking.
- Their density is also higher than the main product.
- the “solid” outlet of the powder-vapor separation system static cyclone or dynamic separator such as Perivapor® from Valmet
- a screen rotary or vibrating screen
- a densimetric table makes it possible to easily separate the conformal powder from the large particles which are insufficiently steam-cracked. The residue is collected and then transported to storage before reintroduction into the steam cracker with the crushed biomass.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of a batch biomass steam cracking installation, but the general principle is valid for a continuous process.
- the installation for the steam explosion consists of an evaporator (100) generating steam and a reactor (200) which is subjected to rapid decompression.
- the reactor (200) comprises a steam cracking reactor (200) and a spark gap (300).
- the reactor (200) is filled with biomass through the valve (13). After closing the valve (13), the steam is introduced into the reactor through the charging valve (6).
- the reactor (200) is then allowed to reach the target temperature before starting the period of time at the desired temperature. Usually about 20 seconds are required to reach the desired temperature.
- the valve (9) is opened to allow explosive decompression.
- the steam exploded material passes through the connecting pipe and fills the collecting vessel (300).
- a high-pressure pump (1) supplies the steam generator (100). Heating collars (2) ensure the thermostabilization of the various equipment.
- the installation also includes manometers and sensors (3) for measuring the pressure and temperature in the steam generator (100), as well as a manometer and sensor (4) for measuring pressure and the temperature in the reactor (200).
- An isolation valve (5) controls the flow of steam into the generator (200).
- a safety valve (7) limits the pressure in the steam generator (100).
- the reactor (200) also includes a safety valve.
- the spark gap (300) is provided with a pressure gauge (12).
- the reactor (200) is fed through a feed chamber (14) causing a controlled volume of the biomass stored in a reserve (15).
- the installation comprises one or more sampling equipment (50 to 54) of solid, liquid or gaseous samples for the analysis of the nature of the supplied biomass.
- a programmable controller (16) controlling the parameters of the installation, as a function of the results of the analyzes and of the parameters supplied by the pressure and temperature sensors.
- the data is also recorded in a memory (17), which also contains the recording of the treatment model determining the parameters to be applied as a function of the results of the analyzes.
- This memory (17) is associated with a computer applying supervised learning processes to the historical data recorded in the memory (17), and which also controls the injection of the data into a blockchain.
- Types of biomass include:
- a mixture of lignocellulosic materials of varying median particle sizes A mixture of lignocellulosic materials of varying median particle sizes.
- the indicators include, singly or in combination:
- the level of heterogeneity of a mixture of biomass by determining the variance of a physical or chemical characteristic measured over a series of samples, for example color, density, median size of elements, optical recognition of characteristics of the different types of biomass recorded, ...
- the nature of the biomass in particular by automatic recognition or by the entry of information by an operator, for example the species of wood, the maturity, the nature of the tissues (bark, heart, branches, nodes, stumps ,. ..)
- Automatic recognition can be carried out by imaging, by an “electronic nose” or even by any physicochemical measurement making it possible to distinguish the types of biomass.
- the settings for the treatment of heterogeneous biomass take into account the optimal steam cracking conditions in the reactor (200).
- the settings of the parameters and the operating point are therefore not only chosen as a function of the process of destructuring of the lignocellulosic materials, but also of the typology of a heterogeneous steam-cracked biomass.
- This model can be carried out experimentally, by carrying out a succession of treatments of various heterogeneous biomasses, with different settings, to retain the settings corresponding to the optimization of the biomass steam cracking identified according to the quality of the biomass. granules produced.
- This model can also be developed by a supervised learning solution, from recorded historical data.
- model can be developed by simulating chemical reactions concerning the main types of biomass likely to be supplied.
- This model determines for each biomass class the settings to be selected.
- the physico-chemical analyzes provide the nature and composition of the steam cracked biomass, and a computer automatically determines the settings of the installation according to the results of the analyzes and the recorded digital model.
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FR1906800A FR3097555B1 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2019-06-24 | Process for the production of a biofuel by steam cracking |
PCT/FR2020/051047 WO2020260801A1 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-17 | Method for producing a biofuel by steam cracking |
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FR3095649B1 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2022-09-16 | Europeenne De Biomasse | Powdery substrate obtained by steam cracking of a biomass without chemical auxiliary and its uses |
JP7487547B2 (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2024-05-21 | 株式会社Ihi | Steaming equipment |
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CA1141376A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1983-02-15 | Edward A. De Long | Method of rendering lignin separable from cellulose and hemicellulose and the product so produced |
AU2003209591A1 (en) | 2002-02-22 | 2003-09-09 | Gilles Gervais | Process of treating lignocellulosic material to produce bio-ethanol |
NO320971L (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2006-02-20 | Norsk Pellets Vestmarka As | Process for preparing fuel pellets |
US8057639B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2011-11-15 | Andritz Inc. | System and method for preextraction of hemicellulose through using a continuous prehydrolysis and steam explosion pretreatment process |
KR101525648B1 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2015-06-03 | 질카 바이오매스 퓨얼스 아이 엘엘씨 | A method for the production of pellets or briquettes |
WO2012109490A2 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-16 | Denver Zoological Foundation, Inc. | Systems and methods for waste collection, processing, and optimization, biomass fuel generation, and gasification |
JP2012229326A (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-22 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Reaction simulation apparatus and gasifier |
US8961628B2 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2015-02-24 | Sundrop Fuels, Inc. | Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods |
CN104519991A (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-04-15 | 三照普燃料公司 | Pretreating biomass using steam explosion before gasification |
AT515004A1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-15 | Omv Refining & Marketing Gmbh | Method and control system for controlling the operation of a steam cracker |
CN105806735A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-27 | 鲁吉 | Macroalgae pyrolysis characteristic and pyrolysis kinetic research method |
US10858607B2 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2020-12-08 | Active Energy Group Plc | Process for beneficiating and cleaning biomass |
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