CN114502700A - Method for producing biofuel by steam cracking - Google Patents
Method for producing biofuel by steam cracking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114502700A CN114502700A CN202080058011.9A CN202080058011A CN114502700A CN 114502700 A CN114502700 A CN 114502700A CN 202080058011 A CN202080058011 A CN 202080058011A CN 114502700 A CN114502700 A CN 114502700A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- steam cracking
- biomass
- steam
- sample
- biofuel
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- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
- D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
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- D21B1/36—Explosive disintegration by sudden pressure reduction
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C1/00—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting
- D21C1/02—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting with water or steam
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- G05D21/02—Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH value characterised by the use of electric means
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing biofuel by continuous or discontinuous steam cracking of lignocellulosic biomass, characterized in that: -recording a digital model of optimal steam cracking parameters according to the typology of the plant components of the biomass; -supplying heterogeneous biomass to a steam cracking reactor; -measuring at least once during the treatment the typology of the vegetal component of the biomass; -controlling the adjustment of the steam cracking parameters according to the typology of the plant components of the biomass and said numerical model.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the production of solid biofuels by steam cracking or steam explosion methods, which originate from the processing of biomass from various sources.
Biomass is a renewable primary energy source that can be transported to its conversion site, but is a low-density, variable, and perishable energy source.
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (wood, agricultural waste, by-products of the agricultural and agricultural industries) into energy-intensive, transportable and easily storable compounds makes it possible to develop and consolidate a fixed energy industry class (biofuel used at home, at a fixed point, as opposed to biofuel oil) and to reduce environmental impact (CO2 fossil emissions, using biomass without fertilizers or phytosanitary agents).
The thermal treatment of the biomass by steam cracking allows this densification of the energy and changes the structure of the treated biomass:
defibering of lignocellulosic feedstock
Increase in crystallinity of cellulose due to crystallization of amorphous parts
Easy hydrolysis of hemicellulose
-facilitating delignification due to a change in lignin structure.
Steam explosion is a biomass process commonly used for the production of biofuels, particularly in the form of particles ("black pellets"). Which uses both physical/mechanical and chemical methods to disrupt the structure of lignocellulosic material. Generally, steam explosion is the vigorous evaporation or flashing of water into steam. Pressurized vessels operating at above atmospheric pressure may also provide conditions of rapid boiling, which may be characterized as steam explosion. Biomass introduced continuously or batchwise into the steam cracking reactor is rapidly heated at high pressure by saturated steam. The biomass/steam mixture is maintained for a period of time to promote hydrolysis and other chemical and physical changes to the hemicellulose. Explosive decompression is then carried out after this period of time. Steam explosion is typically initiated at a temperature of 160 ℃ to 260 ℃ for a few seconds to a few minutes, after which the material is exposed to atmospheric pressure.
The apparatus for steam explosion comprises a vaporizer (steam generator) and a reactor subjected to rapid decompression. Steam explosion can be described as consisting of two successive stages: steam cracking (i.e., breaking complex molecules into smaller molecules under the action of steam) and explosive decompression.
The first stage involves the infiltration of steam at high pressure into the interior of the material structure. Thus, the steam condenses and wets the surface of the material. The condensed water initiates the hydrolysis of the acetyl and methylglucuronic acid groups present in the hemicellulose. The acid thus released lowers the pH of the medium and catalyzes the depolymerization of hemicellulose. The use of more vigorous conditions allows the formation of monosaccharides while increasing the concentration of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as fermentation inhibitors.
In the second phase, the explosive decompression causes some of the condensed water present in the structure to evaporate instantaneously. This expansion of the water vapor exerts shear forces on the surrounding structure. If the shear forces are high enough, the steam will cause mechanical breakage of the lignocellulosic structure. The combined effect of these two stages includes modification of the physical properties of the material (specific surface area, water retention, coloration, crystallinity of the cellulose, etc.), hydrolysis of the hemicellulose compounds, and modification of the chemical structure of the lignin, allowing the opening of the material and facilitating its extraction.
Two parameters that control steam explosion are reaction temperature and residence time. The time the biomass spends in the reactor helps determine the degree of hydrolysis of hemicellulose by the organic acids. However, long residence times will also increase the production of degradation products, which must be minimized in the subsequent fermentation process. The temperature controls the vapor pressure in the reactor. Higher temperatures result in higher pressures, thus increasing the difference between reactor pressure and atmospheric pressure. The pressure difference is in turn proportional to the shear force.
The parameters of the method are critical and to facilitate the comparison of the different options, a model based on the following assumptions has been developed: i.e. the kinetics of the method is first order and follows arrhenius' law, making it possible to develop the ordinate of the reaction (R0):
R0＝∫texp[(Tr-Tb)/14.75]dt
where Tr is the reaction temperature (. degree. C.), Tb is the baseline temperature (boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure: 100 ℃ C.), t is the residence time (min), and 14.75 is the conventional activation energy, assuming that the general method is a hydrolysis method and that the general conversion is first order. The log10 value of the reaction ordinate gives the depth factor (or depth) used to represent the effect of steam explosion on biomass:
depth log10(R0)
Typically, the production of biofuel by steam cracking is carried out starting from natural biomass originating from logging or overburden, or products originating from wood mining, or other agricultural products, and the operating point is optimized to obtain a good energy quality of the steam cracked powder.
Steam cracking differs from hydrothermal pretreatment (also known as aqueous fractionation, solvolysis, hydrothermal cracking or hydrothermal treatment) in that the latter involves the use of water at high temperature and pressure to promote disintegration and separation of the lignocellulosic substrate. This technique is not suitable for producing black pellets, since the product obtained is mostly liquid.
Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic compounds by intense heating in the absence of oxygen. The compounds obtained after pyrolysis differ in their properties from those obtained by steam cracking. Steam cracking cannot be likened to pyrolysis technology because it uses steam explosion and is carried out in the presence of oxygen.
Prior Art
Pyrolysis techniques using numerical models to optimize the parameters of their process are known, for example, from document WO2012/109490 or document CN 105806735A. These known pyrolysis techniques are based on the chemical decomposition of organic compounds by intense heating in the absence of oxygen.
The document BV BABU "Biomass pyrolysis: a state of the art review" also describes a prior art technique for pyrolysis. However, these methods are different from steam cracking techniques.
US patent US2013/341569 describes a process for pretreating biomass comprising a steam cracking step to produce syngas. The method also includes using a catalytic converter of a control system that adjusts the gas conversion based on the composition of the catalyst material. In this patent, a numerical model is used for the steam cracking step to obtain optimal parameters, depending on the nature and content of the contaminants. This document discloses a control method involving a catalytic converter, and does not mention steam cracking control.
Finally, SAGEHASMI et al disclose in "Superheated team pyrolysis of biological element components and Sugi (Japanese cedar) for fuels and chemicals" methods for producing fuels and chemicals by pyrolysis of biomass components and Sugi (Japanese cedar) by Superheated steam. This document discloses a method for superheated steam pyrolysis using a numerical model, the application of which is limited to samples of some individual components of biomass (xylan, cellulose, lignin, etc.), or to a single type of biomass, i.e. Japanese cedar (page 1273, page 1; page 1273, right column, lines 1-5).
Disadvantages of the prior art
In the case of the solutions known in the prior art, the best solution for guaranteeing the best results of steam cracking is a regular and controlled supply of biomass of the same quality. In the case of wood, the problem is to provide uniform batches of wood of the same species with the same plot, with a choice of tree size and trunk diameter, in particular with regular debarking. In the case of variable resources, it should be attempted to group these in uniform batches and supply them to the steam cracker and readjust the steam cracking operating parameters each time the batch and quality change. This requires traceability and specification compliance of the biomass supplier, high confidence, and the ability to identify batch or quality variations at the plant level to alter operational behavior. However, this does not avoid batches of biomass mixed with other species, different ages or different qualities.
The prior art solutions are not entirely satisfactory because they either utilize a pyrolysis process, provide only parametric control for the catalytic converter, or require a supply of homogeneous biomass, which may prove to be limiting.
In fact, the pyrolysis process does not allow to obtain compounds having characteristics satisfactory for the production of black granules.
In the prior art, the digital model is applied only to:
pyrolysis system with compounds having the characteristics required to obtain black pellets is not possible
Systems that do not involve steam cracking parameterization in the digital model.
As the depth factor increases, particle size and energy efficiency decrease.
Vice versa, if the depth factor is insufficient, the calorific value of the steam-cracked material decreases and the product is more fibrous than powdery, which makes it difficult to form it into pellets.
When the supply of biomass shows inhomogeneities, the prior art solutions require sorting of the supply in different stages-at the logging or collection site, during charging, at the wood or biomass storage, in the preparation stage (debarking, degranulation, grinding). It is therefore necessary to recombine and regenerate homogeneous batches using overflows, which leads to requirements in terms of handling, storage, traceability and the impossibility of avoiding different products passing through the screening.
The solution provided by the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art with respect to the lower availability of homogeneous and homogeneous natural biomass and the drawbacks of the known apparatuses for treating heterogeneous biomass, the present invention relates in its most general sense to a method for continuous or discontinuous production of biofuels by steam cracking of lignocellulosic plant biomass, characterized in that:
-recording a digital model of optimal steam cracking parameters according to the typology of the plant components of the biomass
-supplying heterogeneous biomass to a steam cracking reactor
-at least one measurement of the typology of the plant components of the biomass during the treatment
-controlling the adjustment of the steam cracking parameters according to the typology of the plant components of the biomass and said numerical model.
In the sense of the present invention, "typology of the plant components of biomass" refers to the combination of the different components of biomass (lignin, cellulose, etc.) and their relative proportions, which define the properties of the biomass. Each type of biomass has a specific typology due to its composition and is defined by indices. Such as the level of heterogeneity of the biomass or a property thereof.
Thus, in the context of the present invention, the biomass treated may consist of a mixture of different types of biomass having different indices; hence the term "heterogeneous biomass".
According to an advantageous embodiment, the lignocellulosic biomass has a humidity of less than 27% and is directly subjected to a steam cracking treatment without any other prior thermal or chemical treatment.
According to a variant:
the adjusted parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: depth factor, steam cracking pressure, steam cracking temperature, steam cracking duration, stopping of steam cracking, steam/solids ratio (washing, stripping), filling rate of the steam cracking tank, advancing speed in the steam cracking tank, compressibility at the inlet, compressibility at the effluent outlet of the reactor, and pore diameter, supply flow rate, humidity, particle size.
-the measuring step comprises taking a sample of the biomass entering the steam cracking tank and performing a physicochemical analysis on the sample to characterize the sampled biomass.
-the measuring step comprises taking a sample of the exhaust gas or waste liquid in or at the outlet of the steam cracking tank and subjecting the sample to a physicochemical analysis to characterize the steam cracked biomass.
-the measuring step comprises taking a sample of the steam-cracked product in or at the outlet of the steam-cracking tank, and performing a physicochemical analysis on the sample to characterize the steam-cracked biomass.
-the measuring step comprises taking a sample of the pellet sample, and subjecting the sample to a physicochemical analysis in order to characterize the pellets produced using the steam-cracked biomass.
-periodically recording at least some of the measurements and the results of the measurements made on the pellet samples obtained during the same cycle and time stamping.
-introducing the result into the blockchain.
-said introducing is performed in a supervised learning system in order to generate said digital model.
-the model is determined by a series of chemical simulations.
The invention also relates to a device for carrying out such a method.
Detailed description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention
The invention will be more clearly understood from reading the following detailed description, which refers to the attached drawings and relates to a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, in which:
[ FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steam cracking apparatus.
Steam pyrolysis of heterogeneous biomass
The continuous or batch steam cracking process according to the invention provides a method for monitoring and controlling the steam cracking conditions so that the depth of the treatment (reaction time and temperature) can be adjusted to suit the incoming feedstock and to suit its inhomogeneity over time (on the scale of years, seasons), storage time and process progress, and of course to suit qualitative variations of the incoming biomass. This is based on the fact that: the material is chemically modified by thermal reaction at about 200 ℃, preferably between 205 ℃ and 210 ℃, which corresponds to the activation energy required to allow the depolymerization and volatilization of low-energy oxygen-containing compounds, in particular the least refractory hemicellulose components, while the residence time is also adjustable, preferably between 6 and 8 minutes, and this constitutes a balance between minimum reactor occupancy (economic advantage) and retained material yield (technical advantage), while increasing the calorific value of the final compound and maintaining the integrity of other macromolecules such as cellulose and lignin, the latter being essential to ensure the cohesion of the final pellet and therefore its resistance to water and mechanical treatments.
Although this increased adaptability of the process (temperature range may also be from 180 ℃ to 220 ℃, duration 5 to 30 minutes) is to produce pellets with high calorific value, this may in particular cause the steam-cracked powder to have a level of heterogeneity that is detrimental to the downstream granulation process. Therefore, it is necessary to have available means for managing such differences.
The effect of steam treatment is measured by the density and size classification of the product, in addition to the known effect of steam cracking, which pulverizes the fibers into a powder and homogenizes the biomass. Typically, the majority (> 80%) of the obtained product consists of particles smaller than 500 μm, and several percentages of particles remain larger than 1 mm, or a few mm. However, for similar conditions (mainly temperature and residence time), the change in product results in the presence of a much less explosive fraction, generally showing retention of long fibres or flat particles from grinding before steam cracking. Its density is also greater than that of the main product.
With respect to the heterogeneity of the size classification after steam cracking and before granulation, systems of separation between powder and steam (static cyclones or dynamic separators, e.g. of Valmet)
) The "solids" outlet, screen (rotary or vibrating screen) or densitometer meter of (a) makes it possible to easily separate the compliant powder from large particles that are insufficiently cracked by steam. The overflow is collected and then transported to a storage device, after which it is reintroduced into the steam cracker together with the comminuted biomass.
Thus, after steam cracking, one situation is to employ a particle size or densitometer sieve for the method of transferring powders, which selects fractions that explode much less, then separates the fractions and returns to the supply of the steam cracker, with the aim of immediate reprocessing if their level of disintegration is high enough (the particles do not have sufficient structure but the size has been reduced), or delaying the processing under steam cracking conditions more suitable for their resistance, which means the ability to adjust the steam cracking conditions (depth) to the overflow of the biomass matrix or sieve.
Description of embodiments of the device
Fig. 1 is a schematic of an apparatus for discontinuous steam cracking of biomass, but the general principles apply to a continuous process. The apparatus for steam explosion comprises a vaporizer (100) generating steam and a reactor (200) subjected to rapid decompression.
It comprises a steam cracking reactor (200) and a flame arrester (300). The reactor (200) is filled with biomass via a valve (13). After valve (13) was closed, steam was introduced into the reactor via feed valve (6). The reactor (200) is then brought to the target temperature, after which the time period is started at the desired temperature. Typically, it takes about 20 seconds to reach the desired temperature. At the end of the desired period of time, valve (9) is opened to allow explosive decompression. The steam exploded material passes through the connecting tube and fills the collection vessel (300).
The high-pressure pump (1) supplies a steam generator (100). The heating belt (2) ensures the thermal stability of the various items of the apparatus.
The apparatus further comprises a pressure gauge and sensor (3) for measuring the pressure and temperature in the steam generator (100), and a pressure gauge and sensor (4) for measuring the pressure and temperature in the reactor (200). An isolation valve (5) controls the steam entering the generator (200). The safety valve (7) limits the pressure in the steam generator (100). The reactor (200) also includes a safety valve. The flame arrester (300) is equipped with a pressure gauge (12). The supply of the reactor (200) is effected by a supply chamber (14), the supply chamber (14) pumping a controlled volume of biomass stored in a reservoir (15).
The device comprises one or more sampling devices (50 to 54) for solid, liquid or gas samples for analyzing the properties of the biomass provided. These data are processed by a programmable machine (16) which controls the parameters of the device, according to the results of the analysis and the parameters provided by the pressure and temperature sensors. The data is further stored in a memory (17), the memory (17) further containing a record of a process model determining parameters to be applied based on the analysis results.
The memory (17) is associated with a computer which applies a supervised learning process to the historical data stored in the memory (17) and also controls the introduction of data to the block chain.
Biomass type and index
Types of biomass include:
wood of different species, alone or in admixture
Agricultural residues of different types, alone or in admixture
Different types of by-products of the agricultural and agricultural industries, alone or mixed
-presence or absence of bark
Presence of A, B or C wood, alone or in combination
-mixtures of lignocellulosic materials with variable median particle size.
The indicators include (alone or in combination):
the level of heterogeneity of the biomass mixture, by determining the variation of the physical or chemical characteristics measured on a series of samples, such as the colour, density, median size of the elements, optical identification of the characteristics of the different types of biomass recorded, etc.
The nature of the biomass, in particular by automatic identification or by operator acquisition of information such as the species of wood, maturity, nature of the tissue (bark, core, branches, knots, stakes, etc.).
The automatic identification can be achieved by imaging, by means of an "electronic nose", or by any physicochemical measurement, which makes it possible to distinguish the type of biomass.
Depth factor and device control
Control measures for treating the heterogeneous biomass take into account optimal steam cracking conditions in the reactor (200).
The choice of parameters and control measures of the operating point therefore depends not only on the method of destruction of the lignocellulosic material, but also on the typology of the steam-cracked heterogeneous biomass.
For this purpose, a digital model of the control measures applicable to the biomass type and to each biomass type combination is developed in order to have a digital reference available which makes it possible to automatically adjust the parameters according to the nature of the biomass entering the reactor (200).
The construction of the model can be carried out experimentally, carrying out successive treatments of various heterogeneous biomasses with different control measures, so as to preserve the control measures corresponding to the optimization of the steam cracking of the identified biomass according to the quality of the produced granules.
The model may also be derived from recorded historical data by supervised learning solutions.
Finally, it can be derived by performing simulations by simulating chemical reactions related to the main biomass types that can be supplied.
The model determines the control measures to be selected for each type of biomass.
In the new process, the physicochemical analysis provides the nature and composition of the steam-cracked biomass, and the computer automatically determines the control measures of the plant on the basis of the analysis results and the recorded digital model.
Claims (12)
1. A method for producing biofuels by continuous or discontinuous steam cracking of lignocellulosic biomass, characterized in that:
-recording a digital model of optimal steam cracking parameters according to the typology of the plant components of the biomass
-supplying heterogeneous biomass to a steam cracking reactor
-measuring the typology of the plant constituents of the biomass at least once during the treatment
-controlling the adjustment of steam cracking parameters according to the typology of the plant constituents of the biomass and the numerical model.
2. The method of producing biofuel by steam cracking of biomass according to claim 1, wherein the adjusted parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: depth factor, steam cracking pressure, steam cracking temperature, steam cracking duration, stopping of steam cracking, steam/solids ratio (washing, stripping), filling rate of the steam cracking tank, advancing speed in the steam cracking tank, compressibility at the inlet, compressibility at the effluent outlet of the reactor, and pore diameter, supply flow rate, humidity, particle size.
3. A method for producing biofuel by steam cracking, characterized in that the starting biomass has a humidity of less than 27% when subjected to a steam cracking process.
4. The method of biofuel production by steam cracking of biomass according to claim 1, wherein the measuring step comprises taking a sample of the biomass entering the steam cracking tank and subjecting the sample to a physicochemical analysis to characterize the sampled biomass.
5. The method of biofuel production by steam cracking of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that said measurement step comprises taking a sample of the exhaust or waste gas in or at the outlet of the steam cracking tank and subjecting said sample to a physicochemical analysis for characterization.
6. The method of producing biofuel from the steam cracking of biomass as set forth in claim 1, wherein the measuring step comprises taking a sample of the steam cracking product sample in or at the outlet of the steam cracking tank and subjecting the sample to a physicochemical analysis to characterize the steam cracked biomass.
7. The method of producing biofuel from the steam-pyrolysis of biomass of claim 1, wherein the measuring step comprises taking a sample of a pellet sample and performing a physicochemical analysis on the sample to characterize pellets made using steam-pyrolyzed biomass.
8. Method for producing biofuel by steam cracking of biomass according to at least one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that at least some of the measurements and the results of the measurements on the pellet samples obtained in the same cycle are recorded periodically and time stamped.
9. The method for producing biofuel by steam cracking of biomass according to claim 7, characterized in that the result is introduced into the blockchain.
10. The method of biofuel production by steam cracking of biomass according to claim 7, wherein said introduction is performed in a supervised learning system to produce said digital model.
11. The method for producing biofuel through the steam cracking of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that said model is determined by a series of chemical simulations.
12. An apparatus for producing biofuel by steam cracking of biomass, comprising a continuous or discontinuous steam cracking reactor, characterized in that it comprises at least one device for taking a sample of the steam cracking products in or at the outlet of a steam cracking tank and performing a physicochemical analysis on said sample to characterize the steam cracked biomass, and at least one device for adjusting at least one of the following parameters: depth factor, steam cracking pressure, steam cracking temperature, steam cracking duration, stopping of steam cracking, steam/solids ratio (washing, stripping), filling rate of the steam cracking tank, advancing speed in the steam cracking tank, compression ratio at inlet, compression ratio at effluent outlet of the reactor and pore diameter, supply flow rate, humidity, particle size, the regulating means being controlled by a computer performing the method of claim 1.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1906800 | 2019-06-24 | ||
| FR1906800A FR3097555B1 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2019-06-24 | Process for the production of a biofuel by steam cracking |
| PCT/FR2020/051047 WO2020260801A1 (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-17 | Method for producing a biofuel by steam cracking |
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| JP7487547B2 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2024-05-21 | 株式会社Ihi | Steaming equipment |
| FR3120873B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2024-03-15 | Europeenne De Biomasse | BIOMATERIAL FROM VAPOCRACKED LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS |
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| WO2012109490A2 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-16 | Denver Zoological Foundation, Inc. | Systems and methods for waste collection, processing, and optimization, biomass fuel generation, and gasification |
| US20130341569A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-26 | Sundrop Fuels, Inc. | Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods |
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| CA1141376A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1983-02-15 | Edward A. De Long | Method of rendering lignin separable from cellulose and hemicellulose and the product so produced |
| NO320971B1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2006-02-20 | Norsk Pellets Vestmarka As | Process for preparing fuel pellets |
| CN106929117A (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2017-07-07 | 齐尔可生物质科技有限公司 | The method for producing particle or briquetting |
| AT515004A1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-15 | Omv Refining & Marketing Gmbh | Method and control system for controlling the operation of a steam cracker |
| CN105806735A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-27 | 鲁吉 | Macroalgae pyrolysis characteristic and pyrolysis kinetic research method |
| US10858607B2 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2020-12-08 | Active Energy Group Plc | Process for beneficiating and cleaning biomass |
| EP3638751A1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2020-04-22 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | A hybrid machine learning approach towards olefins plant optimization |
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| WO2012109490A2 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-16 | Denver Zoological Foundation, Inc. | Systems and methods for waste collection, processing, and optimization, biomass fuel generation, and gasification |
| US20130341569A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-26 | Sundrop Fuels, Inc. | Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods |
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| 张龙等: "《绿色化学》", 31 August 2014, 华中科技大学出版社, pages: 253 * |
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| EP3986992A1 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
| WO2020260801A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
| BR112021026323A2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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| FR3097555A1 (en) | 2020-12-25 |
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