EP3976683A1 - Improved distillation capability by dilution with a component to be separated off - Google Patents

Improved distillation capability by dilution with a component to be separated off

Info

Publication number
EP3976683A1
EP3976683A1 EP20726448.2A EP20726448A EP3976683A1 EP 3976683 A1 EP3976683 A1 EP 3976683A1 EP 20726448 A EP20726448 A EP 20726448A EP 3976683 A1 EP3976683 A1 EP 3976683A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diisocyanate
mixture
reaction product
optionally
distillation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20726448.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan SUETTERLIN
Helen HERMES
Thomas Fischer
Joachim Stump
Ulrich GEREON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3976683A1 publication Critical patent/EP3976683A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/10—Vacuum distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/12—Molecular distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
    • C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
    • C08G18/4845—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units containing oxypropylene or higher oxyalkylene end groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/82—Post-polymerisation treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2150/00—Compositions for coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
    • C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate comprising at least the following steps: (A) providing a mixture A at least containing the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate, (B) adding, optionally further, at least one diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) to obtain a mixture B, and (C) distillative separation of the at least one diisocyanate from mixture B from step (B) to give the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate to obtain.
  • the present invention further comprises the reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to the invention and its use for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives.
  • Modification of diisocyanates for example trimerization, reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with polyols to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers, urea formation, urethanization, biuretization, allophanation or combinations of these reactions result in the corresponding polyisocyanates, with a remainder of unreacted, monomeric diisocyanate in the Raw product remains. This residue is usually removed by distillation in vacuo and recycled after condensation. Too high a viscosity, for example greater than 500 mPas, of the crude product often causes problems, since this has an unfavorable effect on the distribution in the distillation apparatus. Sometimes special pumps are required that are designed for pumping highly viscous liquids.
  • the present invention was based on the object of eliminating at least one, preferably several of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the present invention was based on the object of providing a process for the purification of reaction products of diisocyanates in which the previously prevailing disadvantages, for example inadequate conveyability of the crude product or inadequate separation efficiency in the distillation, can be avoided.
  • this object was achieved by the process for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate comprising at least the following steps:
  • a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate obtainable by the process according to the invention, by its use for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives and by a process for the production of polyurethane foams.
  • Step (A) of the process according to the invention comprises providing a mixture A at least comprising the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate.
  • any reaction product of at least one diisocyanate known to the person skilled in the art can be treated as long as a mixture is obtained in its preparation which contains the reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate (mixture A).
  • the present invention relates to the process according to the invention, mixture A being obtained by trimerization of the at least one diisocyanate, reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with polyols to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers, urea formation, urethanization, biuretization, allophanatization, carbodiimidization, uretdione formation , Uretonimine formation,
  • the reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with at least one polyol takes place, for example, preferably at a temperature of 50 to 130.degree. C., particularly preferably at 60 to 120.degree.
  • Suitable catalysts for the reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with at least one polyol are selected, for example, from the group consisting of catalytically active metal salts, amines, amidines, guanidines and mixtures thereof.
  • Examples include tin dibutyl dilaurate (DBTL), tin acetate, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7 (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonene-5 (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo [3.3.0] octen-4 (DBO), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM), triethylenediamine (DABCO), pentamethylguanidine (PMG), tetramethylguanidine (TMG), cyclotetramethylguanidine (TMGC), n-decyltetramethylguanidine (TMGD), n-dodecyltetramethylguanidine TMGDO), dimethylaminoethyltetramethylguanidine (TMGN), 1,1,4,4,5,5-hexamethylisobiguanidine (HMIB), phenyltetramethylguanidine (TMGP) and hexamethylene oc
  • Suitable polyols are selected, for example, from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polysiloxane polyols and mixtures thereof. According to the invention, it is particularly preferred to use polyether polyols, in particular polymers of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
  • the in step (A) of the process according to the invention essentially, i. at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, particularly preferably at least 30% by weight, of a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, in particular a diisocyanate.
  • step (A) it is possible and preferred for a mixture to be obtained in step (A) which contains the reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and the at least one diisocyanate. According to the invention, it is also possible, but less preferred, for a mixture to be obtained in step (A) which contains the reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate but not the at least one diisocyanate.
  • the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates with aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups.
  • the at least one diisocyanate is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI), bisisocyanatocyclohexylmethane (HMDI), 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane, Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), 2,2'- Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (2,2'-
  • the at least one diisocyanate is very particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI), bisisocyanatocyclohexylmethane (HMDI), 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane , Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,
  • HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • IPDI isophorone
  • mixture A can depend on the reaction by which the respective reaction product is obtained.
  • mixture A preferably contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 0.1 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 80% by weight, in each case based on mixture A.
  • mixture A preferably has a viscosity of 500 to 50,000 mPas, preferably 1000 to 10,000 mPas.
  • This increased viscosity of the mixture A obtained according to the invention is disadvantageous for the distillation necessary to separate off the unreacted at least one diisocyanate.
  • the viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019.
  • Step (B) of the process according to the invention comprises the addition of, if appropriate further, diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) in order to obtain mixture B.
  • step (A) a mixture A containing at least the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and the at least one diisocyanate is provided, further diisocyanate is added to the mixture A from step (A) in step (B) to get mixture B.
  • step (A) a mixture A at least comprising the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate but not the at least one diisocyanate is provided, in step (B) diisocyanate is converted into mixture A from step (A) given to obtain mixture B.
  • step (B) the same at least one diisocyanate is added in step (B) which has already been used in step (A).
  • step (C) the same at least one diisocyanate is added in step (B) which has already been used in step (A).
  • step (B) of the process according to the invention enough of the at least one diisocyanate is added in step (B) of the process according to the invention that the viscosity of mixture B is low enough to be advantageously distilled according to the invention.
  • Mixture B preferably has a viscosity of 100 to 1400 mPas, preferably 150 to 1000 mPas. The viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019.
  • the at least one diisocyanate is obtained in step (B) in an amount of 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 8 to 45% by weight, in each case on mixture A, added.
  • mixture B preferably contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 94% by weight, particularly preferably 9 to 86% by weight, based on mixture B.
  • Step (C) of the process according to the invention comprises separating off the diisocyanate from mixture B from step (B) by distillation in order to obtain the purified reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate.
  • Mixture B which is treated by distillation in step (C) of the process according to the invention, contains the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, the at least one diisocyanate and optionally further by-products which depend on the particular reaction carried out.
  • Mixture B preferably contains only the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and the at least one diisocyanate.
  • the at least one diisocyanate is accordingly preferably separated off by distillation in order to free the at least one reaction product from the excess of at least one diisocyanate.
  • the at least one diisocyanate in a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention preferably has a lower boiling point than the at least one reaction product, the at least one diisocyanate is preferably separated off from the at least one reaction product by distillation.
  • step (C) of the process according to the invention can generally be carried out by any of the processes known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the separation by distillation in step (C) taking place at a temperature of 105 to 235.degree. C., preferably 110 to 160.degree.
  • step (C) of the process according to the invention takes place by means of molecular distillation, for example with the aid of a short-path evaporator, thin-film evaporator, falling-film evaporator or combinations thereof.
  • Step (C) of the process according to the invention is particularly preferably carried out in a combination of a pre-evaporator and a main evaporator.
  • the temperature in the pre-evaporator is preferably 5 to 20 ° C., particularly preferably 5 to 15 ° C., higher than in the main evaporator.
  • the pressure in the pre-evaporator and main evaporator is preferably the same.
  • the pressure in step (C) of the process according to the invention can generally be selected by the person skilled in the art so that, depending on the temperature selected, the at least one diisocyanate can be distilled off.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the separation by distillation in step (C) taking place at a pressure of 0.01 to 10 mbar (a), preferably 0.1 to 1 mbar (a).
  • Step (C) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that, on the one hand, the desired product is as pure as possible, i.e. As free as possible from at least one diisocyanate, and secondly the at least one diisocyanate can be obtained in the highest possible purity.
  • the present invention therefore preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate obtained in step (C) having a content of at least one diisocyanate of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the reaction product.
  • the present invention further relates to the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate separated off in step (C) being obtained in a purity of at least 96% by weight, particularly preferably at least 97% by weight.
  • the purity is preferably at most 99.99% by weight.
  • the distillate obtained in step (C) according to the present invention i.e. 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), preferably an NCO content of at least 49.0% by weight, particularly preferably at least 49.1% by weight.
  • the NCO content is preferably at most 50% by weight.
  • the NCO content is preferably at least 0.01% by weight.
  • the residual diisocyanate content is determined by gas chromatography in accordance with DIN EN ISO 10283.
  • the viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019.
  • the at least one diisocyanate separated off in step (C) of the process according to the invention can, according to the invention, be particularly advantageously used in the synthesis of at least one further Reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate according to step (A) or for diluting the reaction solution according to step (B) of the process according to the invention are used.
  • the present invention therefore preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) being at least partially used to prepare the reaction product present in mixture A.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) being used at least partially in step (B).
  • the purity of the at least one diisocyanate which is separated off in step (C) in the process according to the invention is higher than the purity of at least one diisocyanate which is obtained by distillation without prior, optionally further, diisocyanate being added has been.
  • the observed effect goes beyond the pure dilution effect. That this can be attributed to a surprisingly more efficient separation by distillation is also shown by the higher proportion of oligomers less than 1000 g / mol, for example dimers and trimers, in the reaction product.
  • the present invention also relates to the reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to the invention.
  • the present invention relates to the reaction product according to the invention, where it is an NCO-terminated prepolymer.
  • the present invention further preferably relates to the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, where it has a residual diisocyanate content of at most 0.5% by weight, preferably at most 0.3% by weight.
  • the NCO content is preferably at least 0.001% by weight.
  • the present invention further preferably relates to the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, with a content of compounds with a molecular weight of less than 1000 g / mol of 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight .-%, having.
  • the present invention further preferably relates to the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, where it has a viscosity of 500 to 100,000 mPas, particularly preferably 1,000 to 50,000 mPas.
  • the viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019.
  • the present invention also includes the use of the reaction product according to the invention for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing polyurethane foams, wherein a composition comprising a reaction product according to the invention, water, optionally oligomers produced from at least two low molecular weight diisocyanates, the diisocyanates having a molar mass of 140 to 278 g / mol, optionally catalysts, optionally salts weak acids whose corresponding free acids in water at 25 ° C. have a pKa value of> 3.0 and ⁇ 14.0, optionally surfactants, optionally monohydric or polyhydric alcohols or polyols, optionally hydrophilic polyisocyanates, provided, foamed and cured becomes.
  • the invention relates to a process for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate comprising at least the following steps:
  • the invention relates to a process according to embodiment 1, characterized in that mixture A is obtained by trimerizing the at least one diisocyanate, reacting the at least one diisocyanate with polyols to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers, urea formation, urethanization, biuretization, allophanation , Carbodiimidization, uretdione formation, uretonimine formation,
  • the invention relates to a method according to embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that mixture A contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 0.1 to 90% by weight, based on mixture A.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 3, characterized in that mixture B contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 94% by weight, based on mixture B.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 4, characterized in that in step (B) the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight , particularly preferably 8 to 45 wt .-%, each based on mixture A, is added.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 5, characterized in that the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate obtained in step (C) has a content of at least one diisocyanate of 0.001 to 0.5 wt. -%, based on the at least one reaction product, contains.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of the
  • Embodiments 1 to 6 characterized in that mixture A has a viscosity of 500 to 50,000 mPas, preferably 1000 to 10,000 mPas, the viscosity being determined at 23 ° C according to DIN 53019.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of the
  • Embodiments 1 to 7 characterized in that mixture B has a viscosity of 100 to 1400 mPas, preferably 150 to 1000 mPas, the viscosity being determined at 23 ° C according to DIN 53019.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of the
  • Embodiments 1 to 8 characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates with aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of the
  • Embodiments 1 to 9 characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI), bisisocyanatocyclohexyl methane (HMDI), 2, 2 , 4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate,
  • HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • BDI butylene diisocyanate
  • PDI pentamethylene diisocyanate
  • HMDI bisisocyanatocyclohexyl methane
  • 2, 2 4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 10, characterized in that the distillative separation in step (C) takes place at a temperature of 105 to 235 ° C, preferably 110 to 160 ° C.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 11, characterized in that the distillative separation in step (C) at a pressure of 0.01 to 10 mbar (a), preferably 0.1 to imbar ( a).
  • the invention relates to a process according to one of embodiments 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) is at least partially used to produce the at least one reaction product present in mixture A.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 13, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) is used at least partially in step (B).
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 14, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off in step (C) has a purity of at least 96% by weight, particularly preferably at least 97% by weight is obtained.
  • the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 15, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI) and pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI ), Bisisocyanatocyclohexyl methane (HMDI), 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate,
  • HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • BDI butylene diisocyanate
  • PDI pentamethylene diisocyanate
  • HMDI Bisisocyanatocyclohexyl methane
  • 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane BisisocyanatomethyHtricyclo-decane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) and mixtures thereof.
  • XDI xylylene diisocyanate
  • tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate norbornane diisocyanate
  • cyclohexane diisocyanate toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) and mixtures thereof.
  • the invention relates to a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to one of embodiments 1 to 16.
  • the invention relates to a reaction product according to embodiment 17, characterized in that it is an NCO-terminated prepolymer.
  • the invention relates to a use of the at least one reaction product according to embodiment 17 or 18 for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing polyurethane foams, characterized in that a composition comprising at least one reaction product according to embodiment 17 or 18, water, optionally oligomers produced from at least two low molecular weight diisocyanates, the diisocyanates having a molar mass of 140 to 278 g / mol, optionally catalysts, optionally salts of weak acids whose corresponding free acids in water at 25 ° C. have a pKa value of> 3.0 and ⁇ 14.0, optionally surfactants, optionally monohydric or polyhydric alcohols or polyols , optionally hydrophilic polyisocyanates, provided, foamed and cured.
  • a composition comprising at least one reaction product according to embodiment 17 or 18, water, optionally oligomers produced from at least two low molecular weight diisocyanates, the diisocyanates having a molar mass of 140 to 278 g / mol, optionally catalysts, optionally salts of weak acids
  • this mixture was in each case diluted with HDI according to Table 1 in order to obtain the corresponding starting mixtures (AM).
  • the mixture that emerged from the synthesis mentioned above (experiments VI, V2 and V3) and the starting mixtures (experiments 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were at the temperatures specified in table 1 (VV: pre-evaporator, HV: main evaporator) and in each case a pressure of 0.7 mbar (a) distilled.
  • the NCO content of the distillate From the distillates obtained or the distillation residues, which represent the respective product, the NCO content of the distillate, the HDI content of the distillate, the NCO content of the product, the viscosity of the product, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the product, the residual HDI content of the product and the proportion of compounds with a molecular weight of less than 1000 g / mol are determined by the methods given below.
  • the viscosity was determined at 23 ° C. and was carried out in accordance with DIN 53019.
  • the NCO contents were determined volumetrically in accordance with DIN-EN ISO 11909.
  • the weight-average molecular weight (Mw), the proportion less than 1000 g / mol and the HDI content of the distillate were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in the THF solvent in accordance with DIN 55672-1.
  • the residual HDI content was determined by gas chromatography in accordance with DIN EN ISO 10283.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, comprising at least the following steps: (A) providing a mixture A at least containing the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and, if applicable, the at least one diisocyanate, (B) adding, if applicable more of, at least one diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) in order to obtain a mixture B, and (C) separating off the at least one diisocyanate from mixture B from step (B) by distillation in order to obtain the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate. Furthermore, the present invention comprises the reaction product of at least one diisocyanate which can be obtained by the method according to the invention and the use thereof for producing polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, varnishes and bonding adhesives.

Description

Verbesserte Destillierfähigkeit durch Verdünnung mit abzutrennender Komponente Improved distillation ability through dilution with the component to be separated
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Aufreinigung mindestens eines Umsetzungsproduktes mindestens eines Diisocyanates umfassend mindestens die folgenden Schritte: (A) Bereitstellen einer Mischung A mindestens enthaltend das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und gegebenenfalls das mindestens eine Diisocyanat, (B) Zugabe von, gegebenenfalls weiterem, mindestens einen Diisocyanat zu Mischung A aus Schritt (A), um eine Mischung B zu erhalten, und (C) destillative Abtrennung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates aus Mischung B aus Schritt (B), um das aufgereinigte mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates zu erhalten. Des Weiteren umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung das Umsetzungsprodukt mindestens eines Diisocyanates, erhältlich durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, Polyurethanhydrogelen, Polyurethanelastomeren, Lacken und Klebstoffen. The invention relates to a method for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate comprising at least the following steps: (A) providing a mixture A at least containing the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate, (B) adding, optionally further, at least one diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) to obtain a mixture B, and (C) distillative separation of the at least one diisocyanate from mixture B from step (B) to give the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate to obtain. The present invention further comprises the reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to the invention and its use for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives.
Durch Modifikation von Diisocyanaten, beispielsweise Trimerisierung, Umsetzung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit Polyolen unter Erhalt von NCO-terminierten Prepolymeren, Harnstoffbildung, Urethanisierung, Biuretisierung, Allophanatisierung oder Kombinationen dieser Reaktionen entstehen die entsprechenden Polyisocyanate, wobei stets ein Rest an nicht umgesetztem, monomerem Diisocyanat im Rohprodukt verbleibt. Dieser Rest wird üblicherweise durch eine Destillation im Vakuum entfernt und nach Kondensation wiederverwertet. Häufig bereitet dabei eine zu hohe Viskosität, beispielsweise größer als 500 mPas, des Rohproduktes Probleme, da diese die Verteilung im Destillationsapparat ungünstig beeinflusst. Teilweise werden spezielle Pumpen erfordert, die für das Fördern hochviskoser Flüssigkeiten ausgelegt sind. Modification of diisocyanates, for example trimerization, reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with polyols to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers, urea formation, urethanization, biuretization, allophanation or combinations of these reactions result in the corresponding polyisocyanates, with a remainder of unreacted, monomeric diisocyanate in the Raw product remains. This residue is usually removed by distillation in vacuo and recycled after condensation. Too high a viscosity, for example greater than 500 mPas, of the crude product often causes problems, since this has an unfavorable effect on the distribution in the distillation apparatus. Sometimes special pumps are required that are designed for pumping highly viscous liquids.
Verfahren zur Umsetzung von Diisocyanaten und zur Aufarbeitung der nach der Umsetzung erhaltenen Reaktionsmischungen sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. WO 2018/076199 und EP 0 010 589 Al offenbaren jeweils Verfahren zur Herstellung von Trimeren basierend auf 2,4- und/oder 2,6-Toluol-diisocyanat und ein destillatives Verfahren zur Aufreinigung des erhaltenen Produkts. Gemäß der US 4,255,569 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trimer sierungsproduktes eines Diisocyanates beschrieben. Für die destillative Aufreinigung der erhaltenen Reaktionsmischung wird ein inertes Destillationshilfsmittel zugegeben. Processes for converting diisocyanates and for working up the reaction mixtures obtained after the reaction are known per se to the person skilled in the art. WO 2018/076199 and EP 0 010 589 A1 each disclose processes for the production of trimers based on 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and a distillative process for purifying the product obtained. According to US Pat. No. 4,255,569, a process for the preparation of a trimer of a diisocyanate is described. For the purification of the reaction mixture obtained by distillation, an inert distillation aid is added.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik lag der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, mindestens einen, vorzugsweise mehrere der oben genannten Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu beheben. Insbesondere lag der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von Umsetzungsprodukten von Diisocyanaten bereitzustehen, bei dem die bislang vorherrschenden Nachteile, beispielsweise eine unzureichende Förderbarkeit des Rohproduktes bzw. eine unzureichende Trennleistung in der Destillation, vermieden werden können. Weiterhin ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein entsprechendes Verfahren bereitzustehen, welches zum einen das gewünschte Produkt in einer hohen Reinheit, d.h. mit einem geringen Restgehalt an Monomeren, und zum anderen das abgetrennte Diisocyanat in einer hohen Qualität, d.h. in hoher Reinheit, zugänglich macht. Diese Aufgabe wurde erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch das Verfahren zur Aufreinigung mindestens eines Umsetzungsproduktes mindestens eines Diisocyanates umfassend mindestens die folgenden Schritte: Proceeding from this prior art, the present invention was based on the object of eliminating at least one, preferably several of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the present invention was based on the object of providing a process for the purification of reaction products of diisocyanates in which the previously prevailing disadvantages, for example inadequate conveyability of the crude product or inadequate separation efficiency in the distillation, can be avoided. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a corresponding process which, on the one hand, gives the desired product in a high purity, ie with a low residual monomer content, and, on the other hand, the separated diisocyanate in a high quality, ie in high purity power. According to the invention, this object was achieved by the process for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate comprising at least the following steps:
(A) Bereitstellen einer Mischung A mindestens enthaltend das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und gegebenenfalls das mindestens eine Diisocyanat, (A) providing a mixture A at least containing the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate,
(B) Zugabe von, gegebenenfalls weiterem, mindestens einem Diisocyanat zu Mischung A aus Schritt (A), um eine Mischung B zu erhalten, (B) adding, optionally further, at least one diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) in order to obtain mixture B,
(C) Destillative Abtrennung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates aus Mischung B aus Schritt (B), um das aufgereinigte Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates zu erhalten. (C) Separation of the at least one diisocyanate by distillation from mixture B from step (B) in order to obtain the purified reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate.
Des Weiteren werden die Aufgaben erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Umsetzungsprodukt mindestens eines Diisocyanates, erhältlich durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, durch dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, Polyurethanhydrogelen, Polyurethanelastomeren, Lacken und Klebstoffen und durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen. Furthermore, the objects are achieved according to the invention by a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to the invention, by its use for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives and by a process for the production of polyurethane foams.
Die einzelnen Schritte des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden im Folgenden detailliert beschrieben: The individual steps of the method according to the invention are described in detail below:
Schritt (A) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Bereitstellen einer Mischung A mindestens enthaltend das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und gegebenenfalls das mindestens eine Diisocyanat. Step (A) of the process according to the invention comprises providing a mixture A at least comprising the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate.
Im Allgemeinen kann durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren jedes dem Fachmann bekannte Umsetzungsprodukt mindestens eines Diisocyanates behandelt werden, so lange bei seiner Herstellung eine Mischung erhalten wird, die das Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und gegebenenfalls das mindestens eine Diisocyanat enthält (Mischung A). In general, any reaction product of at least one diisocyanate known to the person skilled in the art can be treated as long as a mixture is obtained in its preparation which contains the reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate (mixture A).
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei Mischung A erhalten wird durch Trimerisierung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, Umsetzung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit Polyolen unter Erhalt von NCO-terminierten Prepolymeren, Harnstoffbildung, Urethanisierung, Biuretisierung, Allophanatisierung, Carbodiimidisierung, Uretdionbildung, Uretoniminbildung,In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the process according to the invention, mixture A being obtained by trimerization of the at least one diisocyanate, reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with polyols to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers, urea formation, urethanization, biuretization, allophanatization, carbodiimidization, uretdione formation , Uretonimine formation,
Oxazolidonbildung, Amidbildung oder Kombinationen dieser Reaktionen. Oxazolidone formation, amide formation or combinations of these reactions.
Entsprechende Verfahren zur Durchführung der oben genannten Reaktionen sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt und beispielsweise beschrieben in J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185 - 200, DE-A 1 670 666, DE-A 1 954 093, DE-A 2 414 413, DE-A 2 452 532, DE-A 2 641 380, DE-A 3 700 209, DE-A 3 900 053, DE-A 3 928 503, EP-A 0 336 205, EP-A 0 339 396 und EP-A 0 798 299. Bevorzugt ist die Umsetzung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit mindestens einem Polyol, um NCO-terminierte Prepolymere zu erhalten. Die Umsetzung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit mindestens einem Polyol erfolgt beispielsweise bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von 50 bis 130 °C, besonders bevorzugt bei 60 bis 120 °C. Geeignete Katalysatoren für die Umsetzung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit mindestens einem Polyol sind beispielsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus katalytisch aktiven Metallsalzen, Aminen, Amidinen, Guanidinen und Mischungen davon. Beispielhaft zu nennen sind Zinndibutyldilaurat (DBTL), Zinnacetat, 1,8- Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecen-7 (DBU), l,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonen-5 (DBN), 1,4- Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octen-4 (DBO), N-Ethylmorpholin (NEM), Triethylendiamin (DABCO), Pentamethylguanidin (PMG), Tetramethylguanidin (TMG), Cyclotetramethylguanidin (TMGC), n- Decyltetramethylguanidin (TMGD), n-Dodecyltetramethylguanidin (TMGDO), Dimethylaminoethyltetramethylguanidin (TMGN), 1,1,4,4,5,5-Hexamethylisobiguanidin (HMIB), Phenyltetramethylguanidin (TMGP) und Hexamethylenoctamethylbiguanidin (HOBG). Corresponding processes for carrying out the abovementioned reactions are known per se to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185-200, DE-A 1 670 666, DE-A 1 954 093, DE-A 2 414 413, DE-A 2 452 532, DE-A 2 641 380, DE-A 3 700 209, DE-A 3 900 053, DE-A 3 928 503, EP-A 0 336 205, EP-A 0 339 396 and EP-A 0 798 299. It is preferred to react the at least one diisocyanate with at least one polyol in order to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers. The reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with at least one polyol takes place, for example, preferably at a temperature of 50 to 130.degree. C., particularly preferably at 60 to 120.degree. Suitable catalysts for the reaction of the at least one diisocyanate with at least one polyol are selected, for example, from the group consisting of catalytically active metal salts, amines, amidines, guanidines and mixtures thereof. Examples include tin dibutyl dilaurate (DBTL), tin acetate, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7 (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonene-5 (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo [3.3.0] octen-4 (DBO), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM), triethylenediamine (DABCO), pentamethylguanidine (PMG), tetramethylguanidine (TMG), cyclotetramethylguanidine (TMGC), n-decyltetramethylguanidine (TMGD), n-dodecyltetramethylguanidine TMGDO), dimethylaminoethyltetramethylguanidine (TMGN), 1,1,4,4,5,5-hexamethylisobiguanidine (HMIB), phenyltetramethylguanidine (TMGP) and hexamethylene octamethylbiguanidine (HOBG).
Geeignete Polyole sind beispielsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyether- Polyolen, Polyester-Polyolen, Polycarbonat-Polyolen, Polysiloxan-Polyolen und Mischungen davon. Besonders bevorzugt werden erfindungsgemäß Polyether-Polyole eingesetzt, insbesondere Polymerisate von Ethylenoxid und/oder Proplyenoxid. Suitable polyols are selected, for example, from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polysiloxane polyols and mixtures thereof. According to the invention, it is particularly preferred to use polyether polyols, in particular polymers of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß auch möglich, dass mehrere der oben genannten Reaktionen gleichzeitig stattfinden, so dass beispielsweise nach Durchführung der Reaktion eine Mischung erhalten wird, die neben dem Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit mindestens einem Polyole und dem Produkt der Trimerisierung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates das mindestens eine Diisocyanat an sich enthalten. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt enthält das in Schritt (A) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens im Wesentlichen, d.h. zu mindestens 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zu mindestens 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 30 Gew.-%, ein Umsetzungsprodukt mindestens eines Diisocyanates, insbesondere eines Diisocyanates. According to the invention, it is also possible for several of the above-mentioned reactions to take place simultaneously, so that, for example, after the reaction has been carried out, a mixture is obtained which, in addition to the reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate with at least one polyol and the product of the trimerization of the at least one diisocyanate, has the at least contain a diisocyanate per se. Preferably, according to the invention, the in step (A) of the process according to the invention essentially, i. at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, particularly preferably at least 30% by weight, of a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, in particular a diisocyanate.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß möglich und bevorzugt, dass in Schritt (A) eine Mischung erhalten wird, die das Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und das mindestens eine Diisocyanat enthält. Es ist erfindungsgemäß auch möglich, aber weniger bevorzugt, dass in Schritt (A) eine Mischung erhalten wird, die das Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, aber nicht das mindestens eine Diisocyanat, enthält. According to the invention, it is possible and preferred for a mixture to be obtained in step (A) which contains the reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and the at least one diisocyanate. According to the invention, it is also possible, but less preferred, for a mixture to be obtained in step (A) which contains the reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate but not the at least one diisocyanate.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Diisocyanaten mit aliphatisch, cycloaliphatisch, araliphatisch und/oder aromatisch gebundenen Isocyanatgruppen. According to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates with aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups.
Besonders bevorzugt ist das mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI), Butylendiisocyanat (BDI), Pentamethylendiisocyanat (PDI), Bisisocyanatocyclohexylmethan (HMDI), 2,2,4-Trimethyl- hexamethylendiisocyanat, Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexan, Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecan, Xylylendiisocyanat (XDI), Tetramethylxylylendiisocyanat, Norbornandiisocyanat, Cyclohexan- diisocyanat, Toluol-2,4-diisocyanat (2,4-TDI), Toluol-2,6-diisocyanat (2,6-TDI), 2,2‘-Methylen- diphenyldiisocyanat (2,2‘-MDI), 2,4‘-Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat (2,4‘-MDI), 4,4‘-The at least one diisocyanate is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI), bisisocyanatocyclohexylmethane (HMDI), 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane, Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), 2,2'- Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (2,2'-MDI), 2,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI), 4,4'-
Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat (4,4‘-MDI) und Mischungen davon. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist das mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI), Butylendiisocyanat (BDI), Pentamethylendiisocyanat (PDI), Bisisocyanatocyclohexylmethan (HMDI), 2,2,4-Trimethyl- hexamethylendiisocyanat, Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexan, Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecan, Xylylendiisocyanat (XDI), Tetramethylxylylendiisocyanat, Norbornandiisocyanat, Cyclohexan- diisocyanat, Toluol-2,4-diisocyanat (2,4-TDI), Toluol-2,6-diisocyanat (2,6-TDI) und Mischungen davon. Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4‘-MDI) and mixtures thereof. The at least one diisocyanate is very particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI), bisisocyanatocyclohexylmethane (HMDI), 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane , Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) and mixtures thereof.
Der Gehalt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates in Mischung A kann abhängig sein von der Reaktion, durch die das jeweilige Umsetzungsprodukt erhalten wird. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt enthält Mischung A das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 90 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 2 bis 80 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf Mischung A. The content of the at least one diisocyanate in mixture A can depend on the reaction by which the respective reaction product is obtained. According to the invention, mixture A preferably contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 0.1 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 80% by weight, in each case based on mixture A.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren weist Mischung A bevorzugt eine Viskosität von 500 bis 50000 mPas, bevorzugt 1000 bis 10000 mPas, auf. Diese erhöhte Viskosität der erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Mischung A ist für die notwendige Destillation zur Abtrennung des nicht umgesetzten mindestens einen Diisocyanates nachteilig. Die Bestimmung der Viskosität erfolgt bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019. In the process according to the invention, mixture A preferably has a viscosity of 500 to 50,000 mPas, preferably 1000 to 10,000 mPas. This increased viscosity of the mixture A obtained according to the invention is disadvantageous for the distillation necessary to separate off the unreacted at least one diisocyanate. The viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019.
Schritt (B) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst die Zugabe von, gegebenenfalls weiterem, Diisocyanat zu Mischung A aus Schritt (A), um eine Mischung B zu erhalten. Step (B) of the process according to the invention comprises the addition of, if appropriate further, diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) in order to obtain mixture B.
Gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform, dass in Schritt (A) eine Mischung A mindestens enthaltend das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und das mindestens eine Diisocyanat bereitgestellt wird, wird in Schritt (B) weiteres Diisocyanat zu der Mischung A aus Schritt (A) gegeben, um eine Mischung B zu erhalten. According to the inventive embodiment that in step (A) a mixture A containing at least the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and the at least one diisocyanate is provided, further diisocyanate is added to the mixture A from step (A) in step (B) to get mixture B.
Gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform, dass in Schritt (A) eine Mischung A mindestens enthaltend das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, aber nicht das mindestens eine Diisocyanat bereitgestellt wird, wird in Schritt (B) Diisocyanat zu der Mischung A aus Schritt (A) gegeben, um eine Mischung B zu erhalten. According to the embodiment according to the invention that in step (A) a mixture A at least comprising the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate but not the at least one diisocyanate is provided, in step (B) diisocyanate is converted into mixture A from step (A) given to obtain mixture B.
Erfindungsgemäß wird in Schritt (B) das gleiche mindestens eine Diisocyanat zugesetzt, welches auch bereits in Schritt (A) eingesetzt worden ist. Dies hat den erfindungsgemäßen Vorteil, dass in dem sich anschließenden Destillationsschritt (C) nur eine Verbindung abgetrennt werden muss, und nicht zwei oder mehr Verbindungen. According to the invention, the same at least one diisocyanate is added in step (B) which has already been used in step (A). This has the advantage according to the invention that only one compound has to be removed in the subsequent distillation step (C) and not two or more compounds.
Bevorzugt wird in Schritt (B) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens so viel des mindestens einen Diisocyanates zugegeben, dass die Viskosität der Mischung B niedrig genug ist, um erfindungsgemäß vorteilhaft destilliert zu werden. Bevorzugt weist Mischung B eine Viskosität von 100 bis 1400 mPas, bevorzugt 150 bis 1000 mPas, auf. Die Bestimmung der Viskosität erfolgt bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird in Schritt (B) das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 1 bis 60 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 8 bis 45 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf Mischung A, zugegeben. Preferably, enough of the at least one diisocyanate is added in step (B) of the process according to the invention that the viscosity of mixture B is low enough to be advantageously distilled according to the invention. Mixture B preferably has a viscosity of 100 to 1400 mPas, preferably 150 to 1000 mPas. The viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019. In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate is obtained in step (B) in an amount of 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 8 to 45% by weight, in each case on mixture A, added.
Entsprechend enthält Mischung B bevorzugt das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 1 bis 94 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 9 bis 86 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Mischung B. Accordingly, mixture B preferably contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 94% by weight, particularly preferably 9 to 86% by weight, based on mixture B.
Schritt (C) des erfindungsgenäßen Verfahrens umfasst die destillative Abtrennung des Diisocyanates aus Mischung B aus Schritt (B), um das aufgereinigte Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates zu erhalten. Step (C) of the process according to the invention comprises separating off the diisocyanate from mixture B from step (B) by distillation in order to obtain the purified reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate.
Verfahren zur destillativen Aufreinigung von Reaktionsgemischen mindestens eines Diisocyanates sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Processes for purifying reaction mixtures of at least one diisocyanate by distillation are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
Mischung B, die in Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens destillativ behandelt wird, enthält das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, das mindestens eine Diisocyanat und gegebenenfalls noch weitere Nebenprodukte, die von der jeweils durchgeführten Reaktion abhängen. Bevorzugt enthält Mischung B nur das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und das mindestens eine Diisocyanat. In Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird demnach bevorzugt das mindestens eine Diisocyanat destillativ abgetrennt, um das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt von dem überschüssigen mindestens einen Diisocyanat zu befreien. Mixture B, which is treated by distillation in step (C) of the process according to the invention, contains the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, the at least one diisocyanate and optionally further by-products which depend on the particular reaction carried out. Mixture B preferably contains only the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and the at least one diisocyanate. In step (C) of the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate is accordingly preferably separated off by distillation in order to free the at least one reaction product from the excess of at least one diisocyanate.
Da das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bevorzugt einen niedrigeren Siedepunkt aufweist als das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt, wird bevorzugt das mindestens eine Diisocyanat destillativ von dem mindestens einen Umsetzungsprodukt abgetrennt. Since the at least one diisocyanate in a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention preferably has a lower boiling point than the at least one reaction product, the at least one diisocyanate is preferably separated off from the at least one reaction product by distillation.
Die Destillation in Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann im Allgemeinen nach allen dem Fachmann bekannten Verfahren erfolgen. The distillation in step (C) of the process according to the invention can generally be carried out by any of the processes known to the person skilled in the art.
Bevorzugt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei die destillative Abtrennung in Schritt (C) bei einer Temperatur von 105 bis 235 °C, bevorzugt 110 bis 160 °C, erfolgt. The present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the separation by distillation in step (C) taking place at a temperature of 105 to 235.degree. C., preferably 110 to 160.degree.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mittels Molekulardestillation, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Kurzwegverdampfers, Dünnschichtverdampfers, Fallfilmverdampfers oder Kombinationen davon. Insbesondere bevorzugt erfolgt Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einer Kombination aus einem Vorverdampfer und einem Hauptverdampfer. Bevorzugt liegt die Temperatur im Vorverdampfer um 5 bis 20 °C, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 15 °C, höher als im Hauptverdampfer. Bevorzugt ist der Druck im Vor- und Hauptverdampfer gleich. Der Druck kann in Schritt (C) des erfmdungsgemäßen Verfahrens im Allgemeinen durch den Fachmann so gewählt werden, dass, in Abhängigkeit von der gewählten Temperatur, das mindestens eine Diisocyanat abdestilliert werden kann. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft bevorzugt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei die destillative Abtrennung in Schritt (C) bei einem Druck von 0,01 bis 10 mbar (a), bevorzugt 0,1 bis 1 mbar (a), erfolgt. In a preferred embodiment, step (C) of the process according to the invention takes place by means of molecular distillation, for example with the aid of a short-path evaporator, thin-film evaporator, falling-film evaporator or combinations thereof. Step (C) of the process according to the invention is particularly preferably carried out in a combination of a pre-evaporator and a main evaporator. The temperature in the pre-evaporator is preferably 5 to 20 ° C., particularly preferably 5 to 15 ° C., higher than in the main evaporator. The pressure in the pre-evaporator and main evaporator is preferably the same. The pressure in step (C) of the process according to the invention can generally be selected by the person skilled in the art so that, depending on the temperature selected, the at least one diisocyanate can be distilled off. The present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the separation by distillation in step (C) taking place at a pressure of 0.01 to 10 mbar (a), preferably 0.1 to 1 mbar (a).
Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird bevorzugt so durchgeführt, dass zum einen das gewünschte Produkt in einer möglichst hohen Reinheit, d.h. möglichst frei von mindestens einem Diisocyanat, und zum zweiten das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in möglichst hoher Reinheit erhalten werden. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft daher bevorzugt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei das in Schritt (C) erhaltene aufgereinigte mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates einen Gehalt an mindestens einem Diisocyanat von 0,001 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Umsetzungsprodukt, aufweist. Step (C) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that, on the one hand, the desired product is as pure as possible, i.e. As free as possible from at least one diisocyanate, and secondly the at least one diisocyanate can be obtained in the highest possible purity. The present invention therefore preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate obtained in step (C) having a content of at least one diisocyanate of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the reaction product.
Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei das in Schritt (C) abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Reinheit von mindestens 96 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 97 Gew.-% erhalten wird. Bevorzugt liegt die Reinheit bei höchstens 99,99 Gew.-%. The present invention further relates to the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate separated off in step (C) being obtained in a purity of at least 96% by weight, particularly preferably at least 97% by weight. The purity is preferably at most 99.99% by weight.
Für den besonders bevorzugten Fall, dass als Diisocyanat 1,6-Hexamethylendiisocyanat eingesetzt wird, weist das gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in Schritt (C) erhaltene Destillat, d.h. 1,6- Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), bevorzugt einen NCO-Gehalt von mindestens 49,0 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 49,1 Gew.-%, auf. Bevorzugt liegt der NCO-Gehalt bei höchstens 50 Gew.-%. For the particularly preferred case that 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate is used as the diisocyanate, the distillate obtained in step (C) according to the present invention, i.e. 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), preferably an NCO content of at least 49.0% by weight, particularly preferably at least 49.1% by weight. The NCO content is preferably at most 50% by weight.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das in Schritt (C) erhaltene Produkt, d.h. bevorzugt das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, bevorzugt einen Rest- Diisocyanat-Gehalt von höchstens 0,5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt höchstens 0,3 Gew.-%, auf. Bevorzugt liegt der NCO-Gehalt bei mindestens 0,01 Gew.-%. Die Bestimmung des Rest-Diisocyanat- Gehaltes erfolgt per Gaschromatographie gemäß DIN EN ISO 10283. According to the present invention, the product obtained in step (C), i. preferably the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, preferably a residual diisocyanate content of at most 0.5% by weight, preferably at most 0.3% by weight. The NCO content is preferably at least 0.01% by weight. The residual diisocyanate content is determined by gas chromatography in accordance with DIN EN ISO 10283.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das in Schritt (C) erhaltene Produkt, d.h. bevorzugt das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, bevorzugt einen Gehalt an Verbindungen mit einem Molekulargewicht von weniger als 1000 g/mol von 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, auf. According to the present invention, the product obtained in step (C), i. preferably the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, preferably a content of compounds with a molecular weight of less than 1000 g / mol of 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das in Schritt (C) erhaltene Produkt, d.h. bevorzugt das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, bevorzugt eine Viskosität von 500 bis 100000 mPas, besonders bevorzugt 1000 bis 50000 mPas, auf. Die Bestimmung der Viskosität erfolgt bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019. According to the present invention, the product obtained in step (C), i. preferably the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, preferably a viscosity of 500 to 100,000 mPas, particularly preferably 1,000 to 50,000 mPas. The viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019.
Das in Schritt (C) des erfmdungsgemäßen Verfahrens abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat kann erfindungsgemäß besonders vorteilhaft in die Synthese von weiterem mindestens einem Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates gemäß Schritt (A) oder zur Verdünnung der Reaktionslösung gemäß Schritt (B) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingesetzt werden. The at least one diisocyanate separated off in step (C) of the process according to the invention can, according to the invention, be particularly advantageously used in the synthesis of at least one further Reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate according to step (A) or for diluting the reaction solution according to step (B) of the process according to the invention are used.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft daher bevorzugt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei das in Schritt (C) destillativ abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat zumindest teilweise zur Herstellung des in Mischung A vorhandenen Umsetzungsproduktes verwendet wird. The present invention therefore preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) being at least partially used to prepare the reaction product present in mixture A.
Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung bevorzugt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei das in Schritt (C) destillativ abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat zumindest teilweise in Schritt (B) eingesetzt wird. Furthermore, the present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) being used at least partially in step (B).
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass die Reinheit des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, welches in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in Schritt (C) abgetrennt wird, höher ist als die Reinheit von mindestens einem Diisocyanat, welches durch Destillation erhalten wird, ohne dass zuvor, gegebenenfalls weiteres, Diisocyanat zugegeben worden ist. Der beobachtete Effekt geht über den reinen Verdünnungseffekt hinaus. Dass dies auf eine überraschend effizientere destillative Trennung zurückzuführen ist, zeigt sich auch am höheren Anteil an Oligomeren kleiner 1000 g/mol, beispielsweise Dimere und Trimere, im Umsetzungsprodukt. Surprisingly, it has been found that the purity of the at least one diisocyanate which is separated off in step (C) in the process according to the invention is higher than the purity of at least one diisocyanate which is obtained by distillation without prior, optionally further, diisocyanate being added has been. The observed effect goes beyond the pure dilution effect. That this can be attributed to a surprisingly more efficient separation by distillation is also shown by the higher proportion of oligomers less than 1000 g / mol, for example dimers and trimers, in the reaction product.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch das Umsetzungsprodukt mindestens eines Diisocyanates, erhältlich durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren. The present invention also relates to the reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to the invention.
Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das erfindungsgemäße Umsetzungsprodukt, wobei es ein NCO-terminiertes Prepolymer ist. In particular, the present invention relates to the reaction product according to the invention, where it is an NCO-terminated prepolymer.
Weiter bevorzugt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, wobei es einen Rest-Diisocyanat-Gehalt von höchstens 0,5 Gew.- %, bevorzugt höchstens 0,3 Gew.-%, aufweist. Bevorzugt liegt der NCO-Gehalt bei mindestens 0,001 Gew.-%. The present invention further preferably relates to the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, where it has a residual diisocyanate content of at most 0.5% by weight, preferably at most 0.3% by weight. The NCO content is preferably at least 0.001% by weight.
Weiter bevorzugt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, wobei es einen Gehalt an Verbindungen mit einem Molekulargewicht von weniger als 1000 g/mol von 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, aufweist. The present invention further preferably relates to the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, with a content of compounds with a molecular weight of less than 1000 g / mol of 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight .-%, having.
Weiter bevorzugt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, wobei es eine Viskosität von 500 bis 100000 mPas, besonders bevorzugt 1000 bis 50000 mPas, aufweist. Die Bestimmung der Viskosität erfolgt bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019. The present invention further preferably relates to the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate, where it has a viscosity of 500 to 100,000 mPas, particularly preferably 1,000 to 50,000 mPas. The viscosity is determined at 23 ° C in accordance with DIN 53019.
Die vorliegende Erfindung auch die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Umsetzungsproduktes zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, Polyurethanhydrogelen, Polyurethanelastomeren, Lacken und Klebstoffen. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, wobei eine Zusammensetzung umfassend ein erfindungsgemäßes Umsetzungsprodukt, Wasser, optional Oligomere hergestellt aus mindestens zwei niedermolekularen Diisocyanaten, wobei die Diisocyanate eine Molmasse von 140 bis 278 g/mol aufweisen, optional Katalysatoren, optional Salze schwacher Säuren, deren korrespondierende freie Säuren in Wasser bei 25 °C einen pKS- Wert von > 3,0 und < 14,0 aufweisen, optional Tenside, optional ein- oder mehrwertige Alkohole oder Polyole, optional hydrophile Polyisocyanate, bereitgestellt, aufgeschäumt und ausgehärtet wird. The present invention also includes the use of the reaction product according to the invention for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives. The present invention also relates to a method for producing polyurethane foams, wherein a composition comprising a reaction product according to the invention, water, optionally oligomers produced from at least two low molecular weight diisocyanates, the diisocyanates having a molar mass of 140 to 278 g / mol, optionally catalysts, optionally salts weak acids whose corresponding free acids in water at 25 ° C. have a pKa value of> 3.0 and <14.0, optionally surfactants, optionally monohydric or polyhydric alcohols or polyols, optionally hydrophilic polyisocyanates, provided, foamed and cured becomes.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerschäumen sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt und beispielsweise beschrieben in US 7,790,778 B2 oder EP 2 585 121 Bl. Processes for producing polymer foams are known per se to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 7,790,778 B2 or EP 2 585 121 B1.
Die Erfindung betrifft in einer ersten Ausführungsform ein Verfahren zur Aufreinigung mindestens eines Umsetzungsproduktes mindestens eines Diisocyanates umfassend mindestens die folgenden Schritte: In a first embodiment, the invention relates to a process for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate comprising at least the following steps:
(A) Bereitstellen einer Mischung A mindestens enthaltend das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und gegebenenfalls das mindestens eine Diisocyanat, (A) providing a mixture A at least containing the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate,
(B) Zugabe von, gegebenenfalls weiterem, mindestens einem Diisocyanat zu Mischung A aus Schritt (A), um eine Mischung B zu erhalten, (B) adding, optionally further, at least one diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) in order to obtain mixture B,
(C) Destillative Abtrennung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates aus Mischung B aus Schritt (B), um das aufgereinigte mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates zu erhalten. (C) Separation of the at least one diisocyanate by distillation from mixture B from step (B) in order to obtain the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate.
In einer zweiten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung A erhalten wird durch Trimerisierung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, Umsetzung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit Polyolen unter Erhalt von NCO-terminierten Prepolymeren, Harnstoffbildung, Urethanisierung, Biuretisierung, Allophanatisierung, Carbodiimidisierung, Uretdionbildung, Uretoniminbildung,In a second embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to embodiment 1, characterized in that mixture A is obtained by trimerizing the at least one diisocyanate, reacting the at least one diisocyanate with polyols to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers, urea formation, urethanization, biuretization, allophanation , Carbodiimidization, uretdione formation, uretonimine formation,
Oxazolidonbildung, Amidbildung oder Kombinationen dieser Reaktionen. Oxazolidone formation, amide formation or combinations of these reactions.
In einer dritten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung A das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 90 Gew.-%, bezogen auf Mischung A, enthält. In a third embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that mixture A contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 0.1 to 90% by weight, based on mixture A.
In einer vierten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung B das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 1 bis 94 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Mischung B, enthält. In a fourth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 3, characterized in that mixture B contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 94% by weight, based on mixture B.
In einer fünften Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Schritt (B) das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 1 bis 60 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 8 bis 45 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf Mischung A, zugegeben wird. In einer sechsten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in Schritt (C) erhaltene aufgereinigte mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates einen Gehalt an mindestens einem Diisocyanat von 0,001 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt, enthält. In a fifth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 4, characterized in that in step (B) the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight , particularly preferably 8 to 45 wt .-%, each based on mixture A, is added. In a sixth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 5, characterized in that the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate obtained in step (C) has a content of at least one diisocyanate of 0.001 to 0.5 wt. -%, based on the at least one reaction product, contains.
In einer siebten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer derIn a seventh embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of the
Ausführungsformen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung A eine Viskosität von 500 bis 50000 mPas, bevorzugt 1000 bis 10000 mPas, aufweist, wobei die Viskosität bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019 bestimmt wird. Embodiments 1 to 6, characterized in that mixture A has a viscosity of 500 to 50,000 mPas, preferably 1000 to 10,000 mPas, the viscosity being determined at 23 ° C according to DIN 53019.
In einer achten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer derIn an eighth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of the
Ausführungsformen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung B eine Viskosität von 100 bis 1400 mPas, bevorzugt 150 bis 1000 mPas, aufweist, wobei die Viskosität bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019 bestimmt wird. Embodiments 1 to 7, characterized in that mixture B has a viscosity of 100 to 1400 mPas, preferably 150 to 1000 mPas, the viscosity being determined at 23 ° C according to DIN 53019.
In einer neunten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer derIn a ninth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of the
Ausführungsformen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Diisocyanaten mit aliphatisch, cycloaliphatisch, araliphatisch und/oder aromatisch gebundenen Isocyanatgruppen. Embodiments 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates with aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups.
In einer zehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer derIn a tenth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of the
Ausführungsformen 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI), Butylendiisocyanat (BDI), Pentamethylendiisocyanat (PDI), B isisocyanatocyclohexy lmethan (HMDI) , 2 ,2 ,4-T rimethylhexamethylendiisocyanat,Embodiments 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI), bisisocyanatocyclohexyl methane (HMDI), 2, 2 , 4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate,
Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexan, Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecan, Xylylendiisocyanat (XDI), Tetramethylxylylendiisocyanat, Norbornandiisocyanat, Cyclohexandiisocyanat, Toluol-2,4- diisocyanat (2,4-TDI), Toluol-2,6-diisocyanat (2,6-TDI), 2,2‘-Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat (2,2‘- MDI), 2,4‘-Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat (2,4‘-MDI), 4,4‘-Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat (4,4‘- MDI) und Mischungen davon. Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane, bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), 2,2'- Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (2,2'-MDI), 2,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI), 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), and mixtures thereof.
In einer elften Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die destillative Abtrennung in Schritt (C) bei einer Temperatur von 105 bis 235 °C, bevorzugt 110 bis 160 °C, erfolgt. In an eleventh embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 10, characterized in that the distillative separation in step (C) takes place at a temperature of 105 to 235 ° C, preferably 110 to 160 ° C.
In einer zwölften Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die destillative Abtrennung in Schritt (C) bei einem Druck von 0,01 bis 10 mbar (a), bevorzugt 0,1 bis Imbar (a), erfolgt. In a twelfth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 11, characterized in that the distillative separation in step (C) at a pressure of 0.01 to 10 mbar (a), preferably 0.1 to imbar ( a).
In einer dreizehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in Schritt (C) destillativ abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat zumindest teilweise zur Herstellung des in Mischung A vorhandenen mindestens einen Umsetzungsproduktes verwendet wird. In einer vierzehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in Schritt (C) destillativ abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat zumindest teilweise in Schritt (B) eingesetzt wird. In a thirteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to one of embodiments 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) is at least partially used to produce the at least one reaction product present in mixture A. In a fourteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 13, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) is used at least partially in step (B).
In einer fünfzehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in Schritt (C) abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Reinheit von mindestens 96 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 97 Gew.-% erhalten wird. In a fifteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 14, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off in step (C) has a purity of at least 96% by weight, particularly preferably at least 97% by weight is obtained.
In einer sechzehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI), Butylendiisocyanat (BDI), Pentamethylendiisocyanat (PDI), B isisocyanatocyclohexy lmethan (HMDI) , 2 ,2 ,4-T rimethyl-hexamethylendiisocyanat ,In a sixteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 15, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI) and pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI ), Bisisocyanatocyclohexyl methane (HMDI), 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate,
Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexan, BisisocyanatomethyHtricyclo-decan, Xylylendiisocyanat (XDI), Tetramethylxylylendiisocyanat, Norbornandiisocyanat, Cyclohexandiisocyanat, Toluol-2,4- diisocyanat (2,4-TDI), Toluol-2,6-diisocyanat (2,6-TDI) und Mischungen davon. Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane, BisisocyanatomethyHtricyclo-decane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) and mixtures thereof.
In einer siebzehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Umsetzungsprodukt mindestens eines Diisocyanates, erhältlich durch das Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 16. In a seventeenth embodiment, the invention relates to a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to one of embodiments 1 to 16.
In einer achtzehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Umsetzungsprodukt nach Ausführungsform 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein NCO-terminiertes Prepolymer ist. In an eighteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a reaction product according to embodiment 17, characterized in that it is an NCO-terminated prepolymer.
In einer neunzehnten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung eine Verwendung des mindestens einen Umsetzungsproduktes nach Ausführungsform 17 oder 18 zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, Polyurethanhydrogelen, Polyurethanelastomeren, Lacken und Klebstoffen. In a nineteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a use of the at least one reaction product according to embodiment 17 or 18 for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives.
In einer zwanzigsten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Zusammensetzung umfassend mindestens ein Umsetzungsprodukt nach Ausführungsform 17 oder 18, Wasser, optional Oligomere hergestellt aus mindestens zwei niedermolekularen Diisocyanaten, wobei die Diisocyanate eine Molmasse von 140 bis 278 g/mol aufweisen, optional Katalysatoren, optional Salze schwacher Säuren, deren korrespondierende freie Säuren in Wasser bei 25 °C einen pKS- Wert von > 3,0 und < 14,0 aufweisen, optional Tenside, optional ein- oder mehrwertige Alkohole oder Polyole, optional hydrophile Polyisocyanate, bereitgestellt, aufgeschäumt und ausgehärtet wird. In a twentieth embodiment, the invention relates to a method for producing polyurethane foams, characterized in that a composition comprising at least one reaction product according to embodiment 17 or 18, water, optionally oligomers produced from at least two low molecular weight diisocyanates, the diisocyanates having a molar mass of 140 to 278 g / mol, optionally catalysts, optionally salts of weak acids whose corresponding free acids in water at 25 ° C. have a pKa value of> 3.0 and <14.0, optionally surfactants, optionally monohydric or polyhydric alcohols or polyols , optionally hydrophilic polyisocyanates, provided, foamed and cured.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Beispiele und die Vergleichsbeispiele sollen die vorliegende Erfindung näher beschreiben, ohne einschränkend ausgelegt zu werden. Beispiele: The examples according to the invention and the comparative examples are intended to describe the present invention in more detail, without being interpreted as restrictive. Examples:
Zu einem Gemisch aus 1680 g 1,6-Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI) und 5,0 g Dibutylphosphat wurde bei 80 °C innerhalb von 30 min 2960 g eines Polyalkylenoxides mit einer Molmasse von 591 g/mol und einer OH-Zahl 190 mg KOH/g, gestartet auf 1,3-Propylenglycol und mit einem Ethylenoxidgewichtsanteil von 87%, zugetropft und für 3,5 h nachgerührt bis ein NCO-Gehalt von 9,1% erreicht wurde. To a mixture of 1,680 g of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 5.0 g of dibutyl phosphate, 2960 g of a polyalkylene oxide with a molecular weight of 591 g / mol and an OH number of 190 mg KOH / g, started on 1,3-propylene glycol and with an ethylene oxide content by weight of 87%, were added dropwise and the mixture was subsequently stirred for 3.5 h until an NCO content of 9.1% was reached.
Für die einzelnen Versuche wurde diese Mischung jeweils mit HDI gemäß Tabelle 1 verdünnt, um die entsprechenden Ausgangsmischungen (AM) zu erhalten. Die Mischung, die aus der oben genannten Synthese hervorgegangen ist (Versuche VI, V2 und V3), und die Ausgangsmischungen (Versuche 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 und 9) wurden bei den in Tabelle 1 genannten Temperaturen (VV: Vorverdampfer, HV: Hauptverdampfer) und jeweils einem Druck von 0,7 mbar (a) destilliert. Von den erhaltenen Destillaten bzw. den Destillationsrückständen, die das jeweilige Produkt darstellen, wurden anschließend jeweils der NCO-Gehalt des Destillates, der HDI-Gehalt des Destillates, der NCO-Gehalt des Produktes, die Viskosität des Produktes, das Gewichtsmittel Molekulargewichtes (Mw) des Produktes, den Rest-HDI-Gehalt des Produktes und der Anteil an Verbindungen mit einem Molekulargewicht kleiner 1000 g/mol nach den unten angegebenen Methoden bestimmt. For the individual experiments, this mixture was in each case diluted with HDI according to Table 1 in order to obtain the corresponding starting mixtures (AM). The mixture that emerged from the synthesis mentioned above (experiments VI, V2 and V3) and the starting mixtures (experiments 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were at the temperatures specified in table 1 (VV: pre-evaporator, HV: main evaporator) and in each case a pressure of 0.7 mbar (a) distilled. From the distillates obtained or the distillation residues, which represent the respective product, the NCO content of the distillate, the HDI content of the distillate, the NCO content of the product, the viscosity of the product, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the product, the residual HDI content of the product and the proportion of compounds with a molecular weight of less than 1000 g / mol are determined by the methods given below.
Die genannten Messwerte werden nach den folgenden Methoden bestimmt: The stated measured values are determined using the following methods:
Sofern nicht abweichend gekennzeichnet, beziehen sich alle Prozentangaben auf das Gewicht. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages relate to weight.
Die Bestimmung der Viskosität erfolgte bei 23 °C und wurde nach DIN 53019 durchgeführt. The viscosity was determined at 23 ° C. and was carried out in accordance with DIN 53019.
Die NCO-Gehalte wurden volumetrisch gemäß DIN-EN ISO 11909 bestimmt. The NCO contents were determined volumetrically in accordance with DIN-EN ISO 11909.
Das gewichtsmittlere Molekulargewicht (Mw), der Anteil kleiner 1000 g/mol und der HDI-Gehalt des Destillates wurden per Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC) im Lösungsmittel THF gemäß DIN 55672-1 bestimmt. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw), the proportion less than 1000 g / mol and the HDI content of the distillate were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in the THF solvent in accordance with DIN 55672-1.
Die Bestimmung des Rest-HDI-Gehaltes erfolgte per Gaschromatographie gemäß DIN EN ISO 10283. The residual HDI content was determined by gas chromatography in accordance with DIN EN ISO 10283.
elle 1: elle 1:
Vergleich comparison
im Produkt nach der Destillation in the product after distillation
Die erfindungsgemäßen Versuche und die Vergleichs versuche zeigen deutlich, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das Destillat in besonders hoher Reinheit erhalten werden kann und somit für erneute Synthesen einsetzbar ist. Gleichzeitig erlaubt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eine Verdünnung des Umsetzungsproduktes, so dass dieses einfacher gefördert werden kann. The experiments according to the invention and the comparative experiments clearly show that the distillate can be obtained in particularly high purity with the process according to the invention and can therefore be used for renewed syntheses. At the same time, the process according to the invention allows the reaction product to be diluted so that it can be conveyed more easily.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Verfahren zur Aufreinigung mindestens eines Umsetzungsproduktes mindestens eines Diisocyanates umfassend mindestens die folgenden Schritte: 1. A method for purifying at least one reaction product of at least one diisocyanate comprising at least the following steps:
(A) Bereitstellen einer Mischung A mindestens enthaltend das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates und gegebenenfalls das mindestens eine Diisocyanat, (A) providing a mixture A at least containing the at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate and optionally the at least one diisocyanate,
(B) Zugabe von, gegebenenfalls weiterem, mindestens einem Diisocyanat zu Mischung A aus Schritt (A), um eine Mischung B zu erhalten, (B) adding, optionally further, at least one diisocyanate to mixture A from step (A) in order to obtain mixture B,
(C) Destillative Abtrennung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates aus Mischung B aus Schritt (B), um das aufgereinigte mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates zu erhalten. (C) Separation of the at least one diisocyanate by distillation from mixture B from step (B) in order to obtain the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung A erhalten wird durch Trimerisierung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates, Umsetzung des mindestens einen Diisocyanates mit Polyolen unter Erhalt von NCO-terminierten Prepolymeren, Harnstoffbildung, Urethanisierung, Biuretisierung, Allophanatisierung,2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that mixture A is obtained by trimerizing the at least one diisocyanate, reacting the at least one diisocyanate with polyols to obtain NCO-terminated prepolymers, urea formation, urethanization, biuretization, allophanation,
Carbodiimidisierung, Uretdionbildung, Uretoniminbildung, Oxazolidonbildung,Carbodiimidization, uretdione formation, uretonimine formation, oxazolidone formation,
Amidbildung oder Kombinationen dieser Reaktionen. Amide formation or combinations of these reactions.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung A das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 90 Gew.-%, bezogen auf Mischung A, enthält. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that mixture A contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 0.1 to 90 wt .-%, based on mixture A.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung B das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 1 bis 94 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Mischung B, enthält. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that mixture B contains the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 94 wt .-%, based on the mixture B.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Schritt (B) das mindestens eine Diisocyanat in einer Menge von 1 bis 60 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 8 bis 45 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf Mischung A, zugegeben wird. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in step (B) the at least one diisocyanate in an amount of 1 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably 8 to 45 wt % By weight, based in each case on mixture A, is added.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in Schritt (C) erhaltene aufgereinigte mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt des mindestens einen Diisocyanates einen Gehalt an mindestens einem Diisocyanat von 0,001 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das mindestens eine Umsetzungsprodukt, enthält. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the purified at least one reaction product of the at least one diisocyanate obtained in step (C) has a content of at least one diisocyanate of 0.001 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the contains at least one reaction product.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung A eine Viskosität von 500 bis 50000 mPas, bevorzugt 1000 bis 10000 mPas, aufweist, wobei die Viskosität bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019 bestimmt wird. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that mixture A has a viscosity of 500 to 50,000 mPas, preferably 1000 to 10,000 mPas, the viscosity at 23 ° C according to DIN 53019 being determined.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischung B eine Viskosität von 100 bis 1400 mPas, bevorzugt 150 bis 1000 mPas, aufweist, wobei die Viskosität bei 23 °C nach DIN 53019 bestimmt wird. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that mixture B has a viscosity of 100 to 1400 mPas, preferably 150 to 1000 mPas, the viscosity at 23 ° C according to DIN 53019 being determined.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Diisocyanaten mit aliphatisch, cycloaliphatisch, araliphatisch und/oder aromatisch gebundenen Isocyanatgruppen. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates with aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Diisocyanat ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI), Butylendiisocyanat (BDI), Pentamethylendiisocyanat (PDI), Bisisocyanatocyclohexy lmethan (HMDI), 2,2,4-Trimethylhexamethylendiisocyanat, Bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexan, Bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecan, Xylylendiisocyanat (XDI), Tetramethylxylylendiisocyanat, Norbornandiisocyanat, Cyclohexandiisocyanat, Toluol-2,4-diisocyanat (2,4-TDI), Toluol-2,6-diisocyanat (2,6-TDI), 2,2‘-Methylen- diphenyldiisocyanat (2,2‘-MDI), 2,4‘-Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat (2,4‘-MDI), 4,4‘- Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat (4,4‘ -MDI) und Mischungen davon. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), butylene diisocyanate (BDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI), bisisocyanatocyclohexyl methane (HMDI) , 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, bisisocyanatomethylcyclohexane, bisisocyanatomethyltricyclodecane, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-diisocyanate) -TDI), 2,2'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (2,2'-MDI), 2,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI), 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4 '-MDI) and mixtures thereof.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in Schritt (C) destillativ abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat zumindest teilweise zur Herstellung des in Mischung A vorhandenen mindestens einen Umsetzungsproduktes verwendet wird. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) is at least partially used to produce the at least one reaction product present in mixture A.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in Schritt (C) destillativ abgetrennte mindestens eine Diisocyanat zumindest teilweise in Schritt (B) eingesetzt wird. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least one diisocyanate separated off by distillation in step (C) is used at least partially in step (B).
13. Umsetzungsprodukt mindestens eines Diisocyanates, erhältlich durch das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12. 13. Reaction product of at least one diisocyanate, obtainable by the process according to one of Claims 1 to 12.
14. Verwendung des mindestens einen Umsetzungsproduktes nach Anspruch 13 zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, Polyurethanhydrogelen, Polyurethanelastomeren, Lacken und Klebstoffen. 14. Use of the at least one reaction product according to claim 13 for the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane hydrogels, polyurethane elastomers, paints and adhesives.
15. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Zusammensetzung umfassend mindestens ein Umsetzungsprodukt nach Anspruch 13, Wasser, optional Oligomere hergestellt aus mindestens zwei niedermolekularen Diisocyanaten, wobei die Diisocyanate eine Molmasse von 140 bis 278 g/mol aufweisen, optional Katalysatoren, optional Salze schwacher Säuren, deren korrespondierende freie Säuren in Wasser bei 25 °C einen pKS-Wert von > 3,0 und < 14,0 aufweisen, optional Tenside, optional ein- oder mehrwertige Alkohole oder Polyole, optional hydrophile Polyisocyanate, bereitgestellt, aufgeschäumt und ausgehärtet wird. 15. A method for producing polyurethane foams, characterized in that a composition comprising at least one reaction product according to claim 13, water, optionally oligomers produced from at least two low molecular weight diisocyanates, the diisocyanates having a molar mass of 140 to 278 g / mol, optionally catalysts, optional salts of weak acids, the corresponding free acids in water at 25 ° C. have a pKa value of> 3.0 and <14.0, optional surfactants, optionally monohydric or polyhydric alcohols or polyols, optionally hydrophilic polyisocyanates, provided, foamed and is cured.
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